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Pedersen K, Watt J, Maimone C, Hang H, Denys A, Schroder K, Suva LJ, Chen JR, Ronis MJJ. Deletion of NADPH oxidase 2 in chondrocytes exacerbates ethanol-mediated growth plate disruption in mice without major effects on bone architecture or gene expression. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2233-2247. [PMID: 38151780 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in response to ethanol exposure mediate aspects of skeletal toxicity including increased osteoclast differentiation and activity. Because perturbation of chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate by ethanol could be prevented by dietary antioxidants, we hypothesized that Nox2 in the growth plate was involved in ethanol-associated reductions in longitudinal bone growth. METHODS Nox2 conditional knockout mice were generated, where the essential catalytic subunit of Nox2, cytochrome B-245 beta chain (Cybb), is deleted in chondrocytes using a Cre-Lox model with Cre expressed from the collagen 2a1 promoter (Col2a1-Cre). Wild-type and Cre-Lox mice were fed an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli-based diet or pair-fed a control diet for 8 weeks. RESULTS Ethanol treatment significantly reduced the number of proliferating chondrocytes in the growth plate, enhanced bone marrow adiposity, shortened femurs, reduced body length, reduced cortical bone volume, and decreased mRNA levels of a number of osteoblast and chondrocyte genes. Conditional knockout of Nox2 enzymatic activity in chondrocytes did not consistently prevent any ethanol effects. Rather, knockout mice had fewer proliferating chondrocytes than wild-type mice in both the ethanol- and control-fed animals. Additional analysis of tibia samples from Nox4 knockout mice showed that loss of Nox4 activity also reduced the number of proliferating chondrocytes and altered chondrocyte size in the growth plate. CONCLUSIONS Although Nox enzymatic activity regulates growth plate development, ethanol-associated disruption of the growth plate morphology is independent of ethanol-mediated increases in Nox2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Watt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - C Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - H Hang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - A Denys
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Schroder
- Institute of Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - J-R Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - M J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Khair S, Brenner LA, Koval M, Samuelson D, Cucinello-Regland JA, Anton P, Piano MR, Simon L, Crotty K, Sharieh F, Travers JB, Singh V, Cannon A, Kim A, McCullough RL, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. New insights into the mechanism of alcohol-mediated organ damage via its impact on immunity, metabolism, and repair pathways: A summary of the 2021 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2022; 103:1-7. [PMID: 35659577 PMCID: PMC9994264 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
On November 19th, 2021, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, Illinois. The 2021 meeting focused on how alcohol misuse is linked to immune system derangements, leading to tissue and organ damage, and how this research can be translated into improving treatment of alcohol-related disease. This meeting was divided into three plenary sessions: the first session focused on how alcohol misuse affects different parts of the immune system, the second session presented research on mechanisms of organ damage from alcohol misuse, and the final session highlighted research on potential therapeutic targets for treating alcohol-mediated tissue damage. Diverse areas of alcohol research were covered during the meeting, from alcohol's effect on pulmonary systems and neuroinflammation to epigenetic changes, senescence markers, and microvesicle particles. These presentations yielded a thoughtful discussion on how the findings can lead to therapeutic treatments for people suffering from alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Derrick Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jessica A Cucinello-Regland
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mariann R Piano
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol HIV/AIDs Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | | | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States; Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
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3
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Eby JM, Sharieh F, Azevedo J, Callaci JJ. Episodic alcohol exposure attenuates mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation during bone fracture callus formation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:915-927. [PMID: 35403260 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol-exposed rodents with a surgically created tibia fracture display deficient fracture callus formation and diminished signs of endochondral ossification characterized by the absence of chondrocytes and mature hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that alcohol may inhibit MSC differentiation. These findings led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure inhibits mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation within the developing fracture callus. METHODS In the present study, we utilized a lineage-tracing approach to determine which stage(s) of chondrogenic differentiation are affected by alcohol exposure. We utilized lineage-specific reporter mice to determine the effects of alcohol on MSC and early and late chondrogenic cell frequencies within the fracture callus. In addition, serially sectioned slides were stained immunofluorescently and immunohistochemically and quantified to determine the effect of alcohol on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, within the fracture callus of alcohol-administered rodents. RESULTS Alcohol-administered rodents had a reduced fracture callus area at 4, 6, and 9 days postfracture. Alcohol had no effect on apoptosis in the fracture callus at any of the examined timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had significantly fewer proliferative cells in the fracture callus at 9 days postfracture, but no effect on cell proliferation was observed at earlier fracture callus timepoints. Alcohol-administered rodents had reduced Collagen2a1- and Collagen10a1-expressing cells in the developing fracture callus, suggesting that alcohol inhibits both early chondrogenic differentiation and later chondrocyte maturation during fracture callus development. CONCLUSION The data suggest that alcohol could affect normal fracture healing through the mitigation of MSC chondrogenic differentiation at the callus site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Eby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Azevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Sheppard AJ, Barfield AM, Barton S, Dong Y. Understanding Reactive Oxygen Species in Bone Regeneration: A Glance at Potential Therapeutics and Bioengineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836764. [PMID: 35198545 PMCID: PMC8859442 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the complex mechanism by which skeletal tissue heals has been well described, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal tissue regeneration is less understood. It has been widely recognized that a high level of ROS is cytotoxic and inhibits normal cellular processes. However, with more recent discoveries, it is evident that ROS also play an important, positive role in skeletal tissue repair, specifically fracture healing. Thus, dampening ROS levels can potentially inhibit normal healing. On the same note, pathologically high levels of ROS cause a sharp decline in osteogenesis and promote nonunion in fracture repair. This delicate balance complicates the efforts of therapeutic and engineering approaches that aim to modulate ROS for improved tissue healing. The physiologic role of ROS is dependent on a multitude of factors, and it is important for future efforts to consider these complexities. This review first discusses how ROS influences vital signaling pathways involved in the fracture healing response, including how they affect angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. The latter half glances at the current approaches to control ROS for improved skeletal tissue healing, including medicinal approaches, cellular engineering, and enhanced tissue scaffolds. This review aims to provide a nuanced view of the effects of ROS on bone fracture healing which will inspire novel techniques to optimize the redox environment for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sheppard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ann Marie Barfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Shane Barton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Tamiasso NV, Silva CMO, Reis AMS, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Ethanol Alters Phenotype and Synthesis Activity of Rat Neonatal Articular Chondrocytes Grown in 2- and 3-Dimensional Culture. Cartilage 2021; 13:839S-846S. [PMID: 31441318 PMCID: PMC8804855 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519870862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ethanol on phenotype and activity of articular chondrocyte synthesis of neonatal rats in 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) culture. METHODS Chondrocytes were cultured in chondrogenic medium with different concentrations of ethanol: 0.0% v/v (control); 0.05% v/v (8.6 mM); 0.25% v/v (42.9 mM), and 0.5% v/v (85.7 mM). Chondrocytes under 2D culture were subjected to MTT assay, while chondrocytes under 3D culture were processed for paraffin inclusion and stained by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to evaluate mean chondrocyte diameter and percentages of cells, nucleus, cytoplasm, well-differentiated matrix, and PAS+ areas. The expression of gene transcripts for aggrecan, Sox9, and type II collagen was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS There was no difference between groups by the MTT assay. PAS staining revealed that chondrocytes treated with 0.5% v/v ethanol had higher percentages of cytoplasm and nuclear areas, but with a reduction in PAS+ matrix area. The mean diameter of chondrocytes was similar between groups. The expression of aggrecan in the group treated with 0.5% v/v ethanol was lower in comparison to that in the control. In the groups treated with 0.25% v/v and 0.5% v/v ethanol, the percentage of differentiated cartilage was lower in comparison with that in the control. The group treated with 0.05% v/v ethanol was similar to the control in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol acted directly on in vitro cultured articular chondrocytes of newborn rats, altering the chondrocyte phenotype and its synthesis activity, and these effects were dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Viana Tamiasso
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Osório Silva
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Rogéria Serakides, Núcleo de Células Tronco
e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal
567, campus Pampulha da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil.
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Sardesai NR, Gaski GE, Gunderson ZJ, Cunningham CM, Slaven J, Meagher AD, McKinley TO, Natoli RM. Base Deficit ≥ 6 within 24 h of Injury is a risk factor for fracture nonunion in the polytraumatized patient. Injury 2021; 52:3271-3276. [PMID: 34053772 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polytrauma patients are at risk for fracture nonunion, but the reasons are poorly understood. Increased base deficit (BD) is associated with hypovolemic shock. Although shock delays bone healing in animal models, there have been no clinical studies evaluating the impact of BD on nonunion risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients age ≥ 16 with injury severity score > 16 that presented to an academic Level One trauma center with an operative femur or tibia fracture were reviewed. Clinical notes and radiographs were assessed to determine fracture healing status. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, BD, and number of packed red blood cell transfusions were recorded. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of multiple risk factors associated with nonunion were conducted to investigate the association of BD with nonunion. RESULTS The union group was comprised of 243 fractures; there were 36 fractures in the nonunion group. The following predictors were associated with nonunion: smoking (p = 0.009), alcohol use (p < 0.001), open fracture (p < 0.001), and treatment for deep infection at fracture site (p = 0.016). Additionally, worst BD over 24 h ≥ 6 (p = 0.031) was significant for nonunion development. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed worst BD ≥6 over 24 h remained significantly associated with the development of nonunion (odds ratio 3.02, p = 0.011) when adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A BD ≥ 6 within 24 h of admission was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing lower extremity fracture nonunion in polytrauma patients, even after adjusting for multiple other risk factors. Acute post-traumatic acidosis may have effects on long-term fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Sardesai
- Center for Orthopaedic Specialists, 18133 Ventura Blvd, Suite 302, Tarzana, CA 91356 United States
| | - Greg E Gaski
- Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042 United States
| | - Zachary J Gunderson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
| | - Connor M Cunningham
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
| | - James Slaven
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
| | - Ashley D Meagher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
| | - Todd O McKinley
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
| | - Roman M Natoli
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 North Senate Blvd, MPC 1, Suite 535 Indianapolis, IN 46202 United States.
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Wang X, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. Alcoholism and Osteoimmunology. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1815-1828. [PMID: 32334496 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190514101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of alcohol has an adverse effect on the skeletal system, which may lead to osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Currently, the treatment is limited, therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the underline mechanism and develop a new treatment. It is well-known that normal bone remodeling relies on the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and - mediated bone formation. Various factors can destroy the balance, including the dysfunction of the immune system. In this review, we summarized the relevant research in the alcoholic osteopenia with a focus on the abnormal osteoimmunology signals. We provided a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the alcoholic bone. METHODS We searched PubMed for publications from 1 January 1980 to 1 February 2020 to identify relevant and recent literature, summarizing evaluation and the prospect of alcoholic osteopenia. Detailed search terms were 'alcohol', 'alcoholic osteoporosis', 'alcoholic osteopenia' 'immune', 'osteoimmunology', 'bone remodeling', 'osteoporosis treatment' and 'osteoporosis therapy'. RESULTS A total of 135 papers are included in the review. About 60 papers described the mechanisms of alcohol involved in bone remodeling. Some papers were focused on the pathogenesis of alcohol on bone through osteoimmune mechanisms. CONCLUSION There is a complex network of signals between alcohol and bone remodeling and intercellular communication of osteoimmune may be a potential mechanism for alcoholic bone. Studying the osteoimmune mechanism is critical for drug development specific to the alcoholic bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Simpson CR, Kelly HM, Murphy CM. Synergistic use of biomaterials and licensed therapeutics to manipulate bone remodelling and promote non-union fracture repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:212-233. [PMID: 33122088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted bone metabolism can lead to delayed fracture healing or non-union, often requiring intervention to correct. Although the current clinical gold standard bone graft implants and commercial bone graft substitutes are effective, they possess inherent drawbacks and are limited in their therapeutic capacity for delayed union and non-union repair. Research into advanced biomaterials and therapeutic biomolecules has shown great potential for driving bone regeneration, although few have achieved commercial success or clinical translation. There are a number of therapeutics, which influence bone remodelling, currently licensed for clinical use. Providing an alternative local delivery context for these therapies, can enhance their efficacy and is an emerging trend in bone regenerative therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of how biomaterial design has advanced from currently available commercial bone graft substitutes to accommodate previously licensed therapeutics that target local bone restoration and healing in a synergistic manner, and the challenges faced in progressing this research towards clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Simpson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena M Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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9
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Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:75-86. [PMID: 33767923 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recent findings Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. Summary This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
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10
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Lall AC, Secretov E, Battaglia MR, Maldonado DR, Perets I, Domb BG. Effect of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes in hip arthroscopy: a matched controlled study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Hip Int 2020; 30:457-468. [PMID: 31167582 DOI: 10.1177/1120700019853554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of literature examining the effects of alcohol consumption on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to report 2-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy in patients who consume alcohol compared to patients who abstain. METHODS Registry data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to identify heavy drinkers at the time of primary hip arthroscopy. Patients were matched 1:1 (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers) based on age, sex, BMI, acetabular Outerbridge grade, and capsular treatment. All patients were assessed with 4 validated PROs: mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12. Pain was estimated with VAS. RESULTS 42 patients were pair matched in each group (heavy drinkers:non-drinkers). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement for all PROs and VAS. Heavy drinkers reported lesser improvement in HOS-SSS (p = 0.0169), smaller decrease in VAS (p = 0.0157), and lower final scores on iHOT-12 (p = 0.0302), SF-12 mental (p = 0.0086), and VR-12 mental (p = 0.0151). Significantly fewer patients in the heavy-drinking group reached PASS for mHHS (p = 0.0464). Odds of achieving PASS for mHHS was 2.5 times higher for patients who abstain from alcohol. The rates of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty were not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION While hip arthroscopy may still yield clinical benefit in drinkers, patients who consume heavy amounts of alcohol may ultimately achieve an inferior functional status and should be counselled on drinking cessation to optimise their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Itay Perets
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sharieh F, Eby JM, Roper PM, Callaci JJ. Ethanol Inhibits Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteochondral Lineage Differentiation Due in Part to an Activation of Forkhead Box Protein O-Specific Signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1204-1213. [PMID: 32304578 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During bone fracture repair, resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrocytes, to form a cartilaginous fracture callus, and osteoblasts, to ossify the collagen matrix. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol administration led to decreased cartilage formation within the fracture callus of rodents and this effect was mitigated by postfracture antioxidant treatment. Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated in response to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alcohol has been shown to increase ROS. Activation of FoxOs has also been shown to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, a necessary pathway for MSC differentiation. These findings have led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure decreases osteochondrogenic differentiation of MSCs through the activation of FoxOs. METHODS Primary rat MSCs were treated with ethanol (EtOH) and assayed for FoxO expression, FoxO activation, and downstream target expression. Next, MSCs were differentiated toward osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages in the presence of 50 mM EtOH and alterations in osteochondral lineage marker expression were determined. Lastly, osteochondral differentiation experiments were repeated with FoxO1/3 knockdown or with FoxO1/3 inhibitor AS1842856 and osteochondral lineage marker expression was determined. RESULTS EtOH increased the expression of FoxO3a at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultured MSCs. This was accompanied by an increase in FoxO1 nuclear localization, FoxO1 activation, and downstream catalase expression. Moreover, EtOH exposure decreased expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage markers. FoxO1/3 knockdown restored proosteogenic and prochondrogenic lineage marker expression in the presence of 50 mM EtOH. However, FoxO1/3 inhibitor only restored proosteogenic lineage marker expression. CONCLUSIONS These data show that EtOH has the ability to inhibit MSC differentiation, and this ability may rely, at least partially, on the activation of FoxO transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Sharieh
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jonathan M Eby
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Philip M Roper
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - John J Callaci
- From the, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Alcohol Research Program (ARP), (FS, JME, PMR, JJC), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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12
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Xu B, Chen L, Lee JH. Smoking and alcohol drinking and risk of non-union or delayed union after fractures: A protocol for systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18744. [PMID: 32000378 PMCID: PMC7004580 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To the best of our knowledge, there is no consensus on dose-response between smoking, alcohol drinking, and bone healing. The aim of the present study is to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of studies to estimate the influence of smoking and alcohol use on the success of non-pathologic bone fracture healing in adult patients. METHODS A systematic search will be performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED databases to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies which have assessed the effect of smoking or alcohol drinking on fracture healing. Primary outcomes include delayed union or nonunion rate and time to union. Secondary outcomes are common complications which occur during bone healing including malunion and wound infection. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool for quality assessment of each study. Dose-response meta-analysis will be performed between smoking, alcohol drinking, and bone healing. Evaluation of the quality of evidence will be conducted using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS The present study will assess the effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on non-pathologic bone fracture healing in adult patients. CONCLUSION We hope that this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis will provide high quality evidence on dose-response between smoking, alcohol drinking, and bone fracture healing. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019131454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Fragoulis A, Drescher W, Pape HC, Lichte P, Fischer H, Tohidnezhad M, Hildebrand F, Pufe T, Jahr H. Role of Nrf2 in Fracture Healing: Clinical Aspects of Oxidative Stress. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:341-352. [PMID: 31236620 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a natural process that recapitulates embryonic skeletal development. In the early phase after fracture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under inflammatory and ischemic conditions due to vessel injury and soft tissue damage, leading to cell death. Usually, such damage during the course of fracture healing can be largely prevented by protective mechanisms and functions of antioxidant enzymes. However, intrinsic oxidative stress can cause excessive toxic radicals, resulting in irreversible damage to cells associated with bone repair during the fracture healing process. Clinically, patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, habitual drinkers, or heavy smokers are at risk of impaired fracture healing due to elevated oxidative stress. Although increased levels of oxidative stress markers upon fracture and effects of antioxidants on fracture healing have been reported, a detailed understanding of what causes impaired fracture healing under intrinsic conditions of oxidative stress is lacking. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as a key transcriptional regulator of the expression of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes. It further not only plays a crucial role in preventing degenerative diseases in multiple organs, but also during fracture healing. This narrative review evaluates the influence of intrinsic oxidative stress on fracture healing and sheds new light on the intriguing role of Nrf2 during bone regeneration in pathological fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Hospital Rummelsberg, Rummelsberg 71, 90592, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | - Hans Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Kuprys PV, Tsukamoto H, Gao B, Jia L, McGowan J, Coopersmith CM, Moreno MC, Hulsebus H, Meena AS, Souza-Smith FM, Roper P, Foster MT, Raju SV, Marshall SA, Fujita M, Curtis BJ, Wyatt TA, Mandrekar P, Kovacs EJ, Choudhry MA. Summary of the 2018 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2019; 77:11-18. [PMID: 30763905 PMCID: PMC6733262 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On January 26, 2018, the 23rd annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. The meeting consisted of plenary sessions with oral presentations and a poster presentation session. There were four plenary sessions that covered a wide range of topics relating to alcohol use: Alcohol and Liver Disease; Alcohol, Inflammation and Immune Response; Alcohol and Organ Injury; Heath Consequences and Alcohol Drinking. The meeting provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of novel research findings regarding alcohol use and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius V. Kuprys
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD, Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jacob McGowan
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Maria Camargo Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Holly Hulsebus
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Michelle T. Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - S. Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brenda J. Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States,Corresponding author. Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma, Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, 2160 South, First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States. Fax: +1 708 327 2813. (M.A. Choudhry)
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15
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Al-Shaer AE, Flentke GR, Berres ME, Garic A, Smith SM. Exon level machine learning analyses elucidate novel candidate miRNA targets in an avian model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006937. [PMID: 30973878 PMCID: PMC6478348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational alcohol exposure causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and is a prominent cause of neurodevelopmental disability. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) offer insights into mechanisms underlying FASD, but gene-level analysis provides limited information regarding complex transcriptional processes such as alternative splicing and non-coding RNAs. Moreover, traditional analytical approaches that use multiple hypothesis testing with a false discovery rate adjustment prioritize genes based on an adjusted p-value, which is not always biologically relevant. We address these limitations with a novel approach and implemented an unsupervised machine learning model, which we applied to an exon-level analysis to reduce data complexity to the most likely functionally relevant exons, without loss of novel information. This was performed on an RNA-Seq paired-end dataset derived from alcohol-exposed neural fold-stage chick crania, wherein alcohol causes facial deficits recapitulating those of FASD. A principal component analysis along with k-means clustering was utilized to extract exons that deviated from baseline expression. This identified 6857 differentially expressed exons representing 1251 geneIDs; 391 of these genes were identified in a prior gene-level analysis of this dataset. It also identified exons encoding 23 microRNAs (miRNAs) having significantly differential expression profiles in response to alcohol. We developed an RDAVID pipeline to identify KEGG pathways represented by these exons, and separately identified predicted KEGG pathways targeted by these miRNAs. Several of these (ribosome biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation) were identified in our prior gene-level analysis. Other pathways are crucial to facial morphogenesis and represent both novel (focal adhesion, FoxO signaling, insulin signaling) and known (Wnt signaling) alcohol targets. Importantly, there was substantial overlap between the exomes themselves and the predicted miRNA targets, suggesting these miRNAs contribute to the gene-level expression changes. Our novel application of unsupervised machine learning in conjunction with statistical analyses facilitated the discovery of signaling pathways and miRNAs that inform mechanisms underlying FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E. Al-Shaer
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - George R. Flentke
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Berres
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ana Garic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how alcohol affects the BMP-2 signaling pathway, which is known to play a critical role in bone and cartilage formation during fracture healing. METHODS A rat model was used to demonstrate the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure on tibia fracture healing. Specific components of the BMP-2 pathway were analyzed in fracture callus on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after fracture via western immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Alcohol exposure before tibia fracture demonstrated attenuation of downstream BMP-2 signaling. The BMP-2 antagonist, Chordin, may be the central component of the BMP-2-related changes demonstrated in this study. Although alcohol affected BMP-related proteins at all time points, it seems that day 14 after fracture is a critical time point for alcohol-related modulation of callus formation in our model. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide the scientific basis for further studies addressing whether the application of exogenous BMP-2 in patients with a history of alcohol abuse who sustain long bone fractures may or may not be of benefit.
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17
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Ding ZC, Lin YK, Gan YK, Tang TT. Molecular pathogenesis of fracture nonunion. J Orthop Translat 2018; 14:45-56. [PMID: 30035032 PMCID: PMC6019407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fracture nonunion, a serious bone fracture complication, remains a challenge in clinical practice. Although the molecular pathogenesis of nonunion remains unclear, a better understanding may provide better approaches for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. This review tries to summarise the progress made in studies of the pathogenesis of fracture nonunion. We discuss the evidence supporting the concept that the development of nonunion is related to genetic factors. The importance of several cytokines that regulate fracture healing in the pathogenesis of nonunion, such as tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, bone morphogenetic proteins, insulin-like growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor, has been proven in vitro, in animals and in humans. Nitric oxide and the Wnt signalling pathway also play important roles in the development of nonunion. We present potential strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of nonunion, and the interaction between genetic alteration and abnormal cytokine expression warrants further investigation. The translational potential of this article A better understanding of nonunion molecular pathogenesis may provide better approaches for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chuan Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Kai Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Kai Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
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18
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Duryee MJ, Dusad A, Hunter CD, Kharbanda KK, Bruenjes JD, Easterling KC, Siebler JC, Thiele GM, Chakkalakal DA. N-Acetyl Cysteine Treatment Restores Early Phase Fracture Healing in Ethanol-Fed Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1206-1216. [PMID: 29698568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture healing in alcoholics is delayed and often associated with infections resulting in prolonged rehabilitation. It has been reported that binge drinking of alcohol increases oxidative stress and delays fracture healing in rats, which is prevented by treatment with the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Oxidative stress is a significant factor in pathologies of various organs resulting from chronic alcoholism. Therefore, we hypothesize that treatment with NAC reduces oxidative stress and restores fracture healing in chronic alcoholics. METHODS Rats (10 months old) were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) diet or control diet for 16 weeks. A closed fracture was performed and rats allowed to recover for 72 hours. Rats were divided into 4 groups-control, control + NAC, EtOH, and EtOH + NAC-and injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of NAC daily for 3 days. Serum and bone fracture callus homogenates were collected and assayed for traditional markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone regeneration. RESULTS The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both serum and bone tissue in EtOH-fed animals compared to controls. NAC treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced MDA to near normal levels and dramatically increased the index of antioxidant efficacy (catalase/MDA ratio) (p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in serum and callus following NAC treatment. NAC treatment reduced EtOH-induced bone resorption as evidenced by significant decreases in C-telopeptide of type-I-collagen levels (p < 0.05) and band-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the tissue (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and excessive inflammation are involved in the inhibition of fracture healing by EtOH. In this study, early short-term treatment of EtOH-fed animals with the antioxidant NAC reduced oxidative stress and normalized the innate immune response to fracture in the early phase of fracture healing, thereby restoring the normal onset of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duryee
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Anand Dusad
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joseph D Bruenjes
- Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Karen C Easterling
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Justin C Siebler
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dennis A Chakkalakal
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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19
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Natoli RM, Yu H, Meislin MCM, Abbasnia P, Roper P, Vuchkovska A, Xiao X, Stock SR, Callaci JJ. Alcohol exposure decreases osteopontin expression during fracture healing and osteopontin-mediated mesenchymal stem cell migration in vitro. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:101. [PMID: 29699560 PMCID: PMC5921778 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for impaired fracture healing, though the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are not well understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that episodic alcohol exposure of rodents negatively affects fracture callus development, callus biomechanics, and cellular signaling which regulates stem cell differentiation. Here, we examine whether alcohol alters chemokine expression and/or signaling activity in the mouse fracture callus during early fracture healing. METHODS A mouse model for alcohol-impaired tibia fracture healing was utilized. Early fracture callus was examined for alcohol-effects on tissue composition, expression of chemokines involved in MSC migration to the fracture site, and biomechanics. The effects of alcohol on MSC migration and cell adhesion receptors were examined in an in vitro system. RESULTS Mice exposed to alcohol showed decreased evidence of external callus formation, decreased callus-related osteopontin (OPN) expression levels, and decreased biomechanical stiffness. Alcohol exposure decreased rOPN-mediated MSC migration and integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The effects of alcohol exposure demonstrated here on fracture callus-associated OPN expression, rOPN-mediated MSC migration in vitro, and MSC integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro have not been previously reported. Understanding the effects of alcohol exposure on the early stages of fracture repair may allow timely initiation of treatment to mitigate the long-term complications of delayed healing and/or fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Megan Conti-Mica Meislin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hand and Upper Extremity Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pegah Abbasnia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Present Address: Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Present Address: School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Growing evidence supports the critical role of transcriptional mechanisms in promoting the spatial and temporal progression of bone healing. In this review, we evaluate and discuss new transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of secondary bone repair, along with emerging evidence for epigenetic regulation of fracture healing. RECENT FINDINGS Using the candidate gene approach has identified new roles for several transcription factors in mediating the reactive, reparative, and remodeling phases of fracture repair. Further characterization of the different epigenetic controls of fracture healing and fracture-driven transcriptome changes between young and aged fracture has identified key biological pathways that may yield therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exogenously delivered microRNA to post-transcriptionally control gene expression is quickly becoming an area with great therapeutic potential. Activation of specific transcriptional networks can promote the proper progression of secondary bone healing. Targeting these key factors using small molecules or through microRNA may yield effective therapies to enhance and possibly accelerate fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David N Paglia
- Department of Orthopaedics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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Richards CJ, Graf KW, Mashru RP. The Effect of Opioids, Alcohol, and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Fracture Union. Orthop Clin North Am 2017; 48:433-443. [PMID: 28870304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The estimated rate of fracture nonunion is between 5% and 10%, adding significant cost to the health care system. The cause of fracture nonunion is multifactorial, including the severity of the injury, patient factors resulting in aberrancies in the biology of fracture, and the side effects of pain control modalities. Minimizing surgeon-controlled factors causing nonunion is important to reduce the cost of health care and improve patient outcomes. Opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been implicated as risk factors for fracture nonunion. Current literature was reviewed to examine the effects of opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on fracture union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, 3 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Graf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Rakesh P Mashru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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Alund AW, Mercer KE, Pulliam CF, Suva LJ, Chen JR, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Partial Protection by Dietary Antioxidants Against Ethanol-Induced Osteopenia and Changes in Bone Morphology in Female Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 41:46-56. [PMID: 27987315 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased fracture risk and an elevated risk of osteoporosis by decreasing bone accrual through increasing osteoclast activity and decreasing osteoblast activity. We have shown that this mechanism involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases. It was hypothesized that different dietary antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; 1.2 mg/kg/d), and α-tocopherol (Vit.E; 60 mg/kg/d) would be able to attenuate the NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS effects on bone due to chronic alcohol intake. METHODS To study the effects of these antioxidants, female mice received a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol (EtOH) with or without additional antioxidant for 8 weeks. RESULTS Tibias displayed decreased cortical bone mineral density in both the EtOH and EtOH + antioxidant groups compared to pair-fed (PF) and PF + antioxidant groups (p < 0.05). However, there was significant protection from trabecular bone loss in mice fed either antioxidant (p < 0.05). Microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in bone volume (bone volume/tissue volume) and trabecular number (p < 0.05), along with a significant increase in trabecular separation in the EtOH compared to PF (p < 0.05). In contrast, the EtOH + NAC and EtOH + Vit.E did not statistically differ from their respective PF controls. Ex vivo histologic sections of tibias were stained for nitrotyrosine, an indicator of intracellular damage by ROS, and tibias from mice fed EtOH exhibited significantly more staining than PF controls. EtOH treatment significantly increased the number of marrow adipocytes per mm as well as mRNA expression of aP2, an adipocyte marker in bone. Only NAC was able to reduce the number of marrow adipocytes to PF levels. EtOH-fed mice exhibited reduced bone length (p < 0.05) and had a reduced number of proliferating chondrocytes within the growth plate. NAC and Vit.E prevented this (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data show that alcohol's pathological effects on bone extend beyond decreasing bone mass and suggest a partial protective effect of the dietary antioxidants NAC and Vit.E at these doses with regard to alcohol effects on bone turnover and bone morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Alund
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
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