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Liaw A, Liu C, Bartold M, Ivanovski S, Han P. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary histone deacetylases expression: A prospective clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:926-935. [PMID: 38468415 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on salivary histone deacetylases (HDACs) gene expression in patients with Stage III-IV periodontitis at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post NSPT treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients completed the study. Periodontitis (as well as the corresponding staging and grading) was diagnosed according to the 2017 World Workshop Classification. Clinical measures were recorded and whole unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after NSPT. The expression of 11 HDACs was determined using reverse-transcription PCR, and the respective changes over time were evaluated. RESULTS Six months after NSPT, significant improvements in all clinical periodontal parameters were observed, concomitant with significant up-regulation of HDAC2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 11 expressions. Subgroup analyses of non-responders and responders revealed no significant differences in HDACs mRNA expression between groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS This prospective clinical study identified longitudinal changes in salivary HDACs expression in response to NSPT, which provides new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of periodontitis and creates avenues for the discovery of novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liaw
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wang J, Liu C, Cutler J, Ivanovski S, Lee RS, Han P. Microbial- and host immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and therapy of periodontitis: A narrative review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38758729 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dysbiotic biofilms and destructive host immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanoparticles released by microbes and host cells involved in cell-to-cell communication, found in body biofluids, such as saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). EVs are mainly involved in cell-to-cell communication, and may hold promise for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Periodontal research has examined the potential involvement of bacterial- and host-cell-derived EVs in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy, but data remains scarce on immune cell- or microbial-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we first provide an overview of the role of microbial and host-derived EVs on disease pathogenesis. Recent studies reveal that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can activate inflammatory cytokine release in host cells, while M1 macrophage EVs may contribute to bone loss. Additionally, we summarised current in vitro and pre-clinical research on the utilisation of immune cell and microbial-derived EVs as potential therapeutic tools in the context of periodontal treatment. Studies indicate that EVs from M2 macrophages and dendritic cells promote bone regeneration in animal models. While bacterial EVs remain underexplored for periodontal therapy, preliminary research suggests that P. gingivalis OMVs hold promise as vaccine candidates. Finally, we acknowledge the current limitations present in the field of translating immune cell derived EVs and microbial derived EVs in periodontology. It is concluded that microbial and host immune cell-derived EVs have a role in periodontitis pathogenesis and hence may be useful for studying disease pathophysiology, and as diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wang
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Cutler
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Sb Lee
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Castro VT, Chardin H, Amorim dos Santos J, Barra GB, Castilho GR, Souza PM, Magalhães PDO, Acevedo AC, Guerra ENS. Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies in vaccinated adults. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296603. [PMID: 38022522 PMCID: PMC10661372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the detection of antibodies becomes useful for immunological monitoring and COVID-19 control. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum and saliva of COVID-19-vaccinated adults. The study included 13 not vaccinated and 35 vaccinated participants with two doses of CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan) vaccine who subsequently received BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine as a booster dose. Vaccinated participants donated saliva and serum in three different time points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for antibody detection. In our results, the serum neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detected in 34/35 samples after second dose and in 35/35 samples one and five months after the booster dose. In saliva, NAb were detected in 30/35 samples after second dose and in 35/35 of samples one and five months after the booster dose. IgA was detected in 19/34 saliva samples after second dose, in 18/35 one month after the booster and in 30/35 five months after. IgG in saliva was detected in 1/34 samples after second dose, 33/35 samples one month after the booster dose and in 20/35 five months after. A strong correlation was found between IgG and neutralizing activity in saliva, and salivary IgA would be a sign of recent exposure to the virus. In conclusion, saliva can be suitable for monitoring antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Heterologous vaccination contributed to increase anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Brazilian health context. Complementary studies with large groups are mandatory to conclude the interest in following mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Tavares Castro
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hélène Chardin
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI) de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Liaw A, Liu C, Bartold M, Ivanovski S, Han P. Salivary histone deacetylase in periodontal disease: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:433-443. [PMID: 36717759 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to profile the expression level of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) in human saliva in periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis. BACKGROUND HDACs are epigenetic modulators and a group of enzymes that catalyse the removal of acetyl functional groups from the lysine residues of both histone and nonhistone proteins. HDACs have been detected in gingival tissues and may provide valuable insight into the periodontal inflammatory response. However, no studies have investigated the expression of HDACs in saliva from periodontitis-affected individuals and their capacity for periodontal diagnostics and screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from 53 participants (17 healthy, 14 gingivitis and 22 stages III/IV periodontitis). The expression of 11 HDACs in saliva samples was determined using RT-qPCR and diagnostic power was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC Curve (AUC). RESULTS Relative to health, the expression of HDAC4, 8 and 10 was downregulated in gingivitis, and the expression of HDAC4, 6, 8 and 9 was downregulated in periodontitis. Increased HDAC1 and decreased HDAC9 expression were observed in periodontitis compared to gingivitis. Higher HDAC1 and lower HDAC6 and 9 expression was observed in periodontitis compared to non-periodontitis (combining health and gingivitis). Expression of HDAC3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 was significantly decreased in periodontal disease (combining gingivitis and periodontitis) compared to health. HDAC4 and 8 exhibited an excellent diagnostic capacity for distinguishing gingivitis and periodontal disease from health (AUC 0.79-0.86). HDAC9 showed an acceptable power in discriminating periodontitis from health, gingivitis and non-periodontitis (AUC 0.76-0.80). Salivary HDAC enzyme activity showed no significant difference among the groups. CONCLUSION This pilot study has demonstrated the differential expression of HDACs in human saliva for the first time and identified HDAC4, 8 and 9 as potential biomarkers in periodontal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liaw
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Han P, Moran CS, Sulugodu Ramachandra S, Walsh LJ, Ivanovski S. Antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontol 2023; 94:77-87. [PMID: 35771077 PMCID: PMC9350298 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the antibody responses in non-invasive gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and unstimulated whole saliva to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike unit 1 receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD) protein following administration of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS This longitudinal study recruited 37 participants with no prior COVID-19 exposure (eight people recruited prior to the COVID-19 pandemic - labeled pre-COVID, 16 vaccinated and 13 non-vaccinated participants). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine antibody levels against S1-RBD in saliva (n=90) and GCF (n=80) samples obtained at 1 and 3 weeks after dose 1, and 3 days, 7 days, and 3 weeks after dose 2. To determine previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, anti-nucleocapsid (N) Ig levels were determined in samples from the pre-COVID (saliva as reference), non-vaccinated (saliva and GCF), and vaccinated (saliva and GCF) participants at 1-week post-dose 1 using ELISA. RESULTS Salivary levels of anti-N antibodies measured in samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated participants were comparable to those in pre-COVID saliva samples collected between October 2018 and September 2019, thus confirming that all study participants had no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the levels of anti-S1-RBD antibodies peaked at 3 weeks after dose 2 in both saliva and GCF for all three immunoglobulin isotypes. Notably, the concentration of anti-S1-RBD antibodies in GCF was significantly higher than in saliva at all time points. CONCLUSION This study establishes GCF and saliva as viable alternative non-invasive sources to monitor levels of antibodies following vaccination, with GCF demonstrating feasibility as a biofluid source for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- The University of QueenslandSchool of DentistryBrisbaneQLD4006Australia
| | - Corey S. Moran
- The University of QueenslandSchool of DentistryBrisbaneQLD4006Australia
| | | | - Laurence J. Walsh
- The University of QueenslandSchool of DentistryBrisbaneQLD4006Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of QueenslandSchool of DentistryBrisbaneQLD4006Australia
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Han P, Liu C, Staples R, Moran CS, Ramachandra SS, Gómez-Cerezo MN, Ivanovski S. Salivary SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using S1-RBD protein-immobilized 3D melt electrowritten poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24849-24856. [PMID: 36128389 PMCID: PMC9429024 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03979f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive detection of immunoglobulin antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to monitor the adaptive immune response after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Currently employed binding antibody detection tests using 2D microplate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are limited by the degree of sensitivity. In this study, a 3D antibody test was developed by immobilizing the receptor-binding domain on Spike subunit 1 (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 onto engineered melt electrowritten (MEW) poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds (pore: 500 μm, fiber diameter: 17 μm) using carbodiimide crosslinker chemistry. Protein immobilization was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by the presence of peaks corresponding with nitrogen. Self-developed indirect ELISA was performed to assess the functionality of the 3D platform in comparison with a standard 2D tissue culture plate (TCP) system, using whole unstimulated saliva samples from 14 non-vaccinated and 20 vaccinated participants (1- and 3- weeks post-dose 1; 3 days, 1 week and 3 weeks post-dose 2) without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The three-dimensional S1-RBD PCL scaffolds, while demonstrating a kinetic trend comparable to 2D TCP, exhibited significantly higher sensitivity and detection levels for all three immunoglobulins assayed (IgG, IgM, and IgA). These novel findings highlight the potential of MEW PCL constructs in the development of improved low-cost, point-of-care, and self-assessing diagnostic platforms for the detection and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Our work developed a 3D SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection platform in non-invasive saliva samples using S1-RBD protein-immobilized 3D melt electrowritten poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Reuben Staples
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S. Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Maria Natividad Gómez-Cerezo
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
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