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Qi Y, Jin M, Li Q, Wu Q, Liao Z, Wei M, Fan X, Yang Q, Tian X, Giuseppe B, Luo L. Chitooligosaccharide reconstitutes intestinal mucus layer to improve oral absorption of water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2023; 360:831-841. [PMID: 37481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is a complex natural hydrogel barrier with unique physical properties that impede the absorption of various oral drugs. Both washout from the upper water layer and the physical resistance of the mucus layer particularly affect bioavailability of, especially, highly water-soluble molecules. One potential strategy for designing pharmaceutical formulations is to add absorption enhancers (AEs). However, there are few reports of AEs that work on mucus and their underlying mechanisms, leading to imprecise application. In this study, we investigated chitooligosaccharide (COS) as a safe, low-cost, and effective oral drug AE. We revealed the hydrodynamic law of interaction between COS and the intestinal mucus layer, which was associated with absorption benefiting mucus structural reconstruction. Based on this, we designed a translational strategy to improve the bioavailability of a group of soluble oral drugs by drinking COS solution before administration. Moreover, this research is expected to expand its application scenario by reducing drug dosage such as avoiding gastro-intestinal irritation and slowing veterinary antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqian Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Menghao Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianzhan Yang
- Analytical Instruments Department, Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Battaglia Giuseppe
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1H0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Translation of pulmonary protein therapy from bench to bedside: Addressing the bioavailability challenges. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Yamamoto A, Ukai H, Morishita M, Katsumi H. Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Oiso Y, Akita T, Kato D, Yamashita C. Method for Pulmonary Administration Using Negative Pressure Generated by Inspiration in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030200. [PMID: 32106551 PMCID: PMC7150831 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When developing inhaled medicines for respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drugs need to be administered by pulmonary delivery to animals in non-clinical tests. Common methods require application of pressure during administration, and it may cause lung injury, so we focused on the inhalation of liquid medicines by mice themselves. This study aimed to evaluate a negative pressure method of pulmonary administration in mice by self-inhalation. First, to confirm the accuracy of delivery of liquid medicines into lungs and the potential for lung injury, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice received methylene blue tetrahydrate or saline by the negative pressure method. We assessed drug distribution and usefulness of this method by administering porcine pancreatic elastase and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to mice. Consequently, we confirmed good distribution of the dye and no injury such as disruption of blood flow or destruction of alveoli in lungs of mice. Following production of the murine emphysema model, the mean linear intercept (Lm) was calculated as 78 ± 4 μm. Moreover, a significant therapeutic effect of administration of the ATRA was confirmed. These results suggest that this negative pressure method of administration may be useful for pulmonary administration in non-clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oiso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.A.); (D.K.)
- Fusion of Regenerative Medicine with DDS, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.A.); (D.K.)
- Fusion of Regenerative Medicine with DDS, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7121-3690
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Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Strategies to Enhance Drug Absorption via Nasal and Pulmonary Routes. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030113. [PMID: 30861990 PMCID: PMC6470976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic agents such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid-based agents are being developed every year, making it vital to find a non-invasive route such as nasal or pulmonary for their administration. However, a major concern for some of these newly developed therapeutic agents is their poor absorption. Therefore, absorption enhancers have been investigated to address this major administration problem. This paper describes the basic concepts of transmucosal administration of drugs, and in particular the use of the pulmonary or nasal routes for administration of drugs with poor absorption. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improvement of pulmonary or nasal administration are discussed, including use of surfactants, cyclodextrins, protease inhibitors, and tight junction modulators, as well as application of carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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6
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Shibata K, Amemiya T, Kawakita Y, Obase K, Itoh K, Takinoue M, Nakata S, Yamaguchi T. Promotion and inhibition of synchronous glycolytic oscillations in yeast by chitosan. FEBS J 2018; 285:2679-2690. [PMID: 29782686 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous rhythmic activities play crucial roles in diverse biological systems. Glycolytic oscillations in yeast cells have been studied for 50 years with the aim of elucidating the mechanisms underlying the intracellular oscillations and their synchronization. We investigated the effects of chemical disturbances on the individual and collective glycolytic oscillations in yeast cells encapsulated in alginate microparticles, and demonstrated that the addition of chitosan, an antimicrobial agent, decreased the duration of these oscillations. In contrast, the periods and the synchronicity states showed two different responses to the chitosan treatments. The periods were shown to be prolonged following the treatment with 5-50 mg·L-1 and shortened at 75 mg·L-1 of chitosan. Collective oscillations became more synchronized at 5 mg·L-1 of chitosan, and desynchronized at 25-75 mg·L-1 of this compound. These findings can be explained by the balance between two chitosan features, increasing cell membrane permeability and acetaldehyde scavenging. At low concentrations, chitosan presumably acts as a synchronization promoter that does not mediate the synchronization itself but induces an increase in intercellular coupling. We believe that our findings may provide new insights into the synchronous rhythmic activities in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shibata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Yu Kawakita
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Kohei Obase
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Kiminori Itoh
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Nakano-ku, Japan
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7
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Hong DX, Yun YL, Guan YX, Yao SJ. Preparation of micrometric powders of parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34)-loaded chitosan oligosaccharide by supercritical fluid assisted atomization. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:389-394. [PMID: 29751142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34)-loaded dry powders were fabricated from aqueous solution for pulmonary administration using supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (SAA-HCM). Herein, chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) was selected as a carrier in an effort to enhance transmucosal absorption of the drug. Well-defined, separated and spherical PTH(1-34)/CSO composite microparticles were obtained, and the particles size could be well controlled with narrow distribution. Aerodynamic performance was determined using next generation impactor (NGI), and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) ranged strictly 1-5 μm range with fine particle fraction (FPF) up to 63.51%. The structural integrity of coprecipitated PTH(1-34) was validated by HPLC, FT-IR and circular dichroism, and a high loading efficiency up to 92.8% was obtained. TGA analyses revealed its thermal stability was preserved and XRD patterns showed amorphous structure of particles. The SAA-HCM process is proposed as a green technique for preparation of inhalable protein/polymer composite dry powders without use of any organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xiao Hong
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yu-Long Yun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yi-Xin Guan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China.
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
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8
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Morçöl T, Weidner JM, Mehta A, Bell SJ, Block T. Calcium Phosphate Particles as Pulmonary Delivery System for Interferon-α in Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:395-412. [PMID: 28752471 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemically administered interferons are rapidly cleared from the circulation thus requiring frequent dosing to maintain the therapeutic levels of circulating interferon. This is particularly problematic for their use in the treatment of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of proprietary calcium phosphate (CaP) particles to deliver biologically active interferon alpha (IFNα) via the lungs into systemic circulation. Recombinant human IFNα-2a was formulated with proprietary CaP particles. In vitro biological activity of IFNα was assessed for its potential to activate IFN-induced cellular pathways in HEK-Blu-IFN α/β cell cultures. Antiviral activity was evaluated against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection of HeLa cells. Male BALB/c mice were used to evaluate the absorption of IFNα from CaP-IFNα across the lungs following intratracheal (IT) instillation. Serum IFNα concentrations up to 9 h post-treatment were determined. Data were analyzed to obtain pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Data from these studies indicated that IFNα formulated with CaP retains its biological activity, and it is transported into circulation in a dose-dependent manner. PK analysis showed larger than two-fold area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) for CaP-IFNα compared to non-formulated IFNα administered IT. The IFNα formulated with CaP had two-fold longer half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) relative to IFNα alone administered by injection. Clearance of CaP-IFNα was slower than IFNα administered IM or IT. Relative bioavailability of CaP-IFNα was 1.3-fold of IFNα injection and twofold of IFNα administered IT. Furthermore, inhalation of aerosolized CaP did not indicate any lung toxicity in animals.
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9
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Arachidonic acid with taurine enhances pulmonary absorption of macromolecules without any serious histopathological damages. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang H, Huang X, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Efficacy, safety and mechanism of HP-β-CD-PEI polymers as absorption enhancers on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:474-482. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1264412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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11
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Zhang H, Huang X, Sun Y, Lu G, Wang K, Wang Z, Xing J, Gao Y. Improvement of pulmonary absorption of poorly absorbable macromolecules by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin grafted polyethylenimine (HP-β-CD-PEI) in rats. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Zhang H, Huang X, Sun Y, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption-improving effects of chitosan oligomers based on their mucoadhesive properties: a comparative study on the oral and pulmonary delivery of calcitonin. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2419-2427. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.1002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Ya Sun
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Gao
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
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13
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Takano M, Kawami M, Aoki A, Yumoto R. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of macromolecules and strategy to enhance their transport in alveolar epithelial cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:813-25. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.992778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Zhang H, Mi J, Huo Y, Huang X, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption enhancing effects of chitosan oligomers on the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight heparin in rats. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Murata M, Yonamine T, Tanaka S, Tahara K, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Surface modification of liposomes using polymer-wheat germ agglutinin conjugates to improve the absorption of peptide drugs by pulmonary administration. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1281-9. [PMID: 23389937 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a system based on liposomal surface modification with a novel mucoadhesive polymer-lectin conjugate for the pulmonary delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. We covalently attached wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a ligand that specifically interacts with alveolar epithelial cells, to carbopol (CP), a mucoadhesive polymer, using the carbodiimide method and then evaluated the efficacy and potential toxicity of CP-WGA surface-modified liposomes in vivo and in vitro. In association studies, CP-WGA modification enhanced the interaction with A549 lung epithelial cells compared with unmodified or CP-modified liposomes. This increased association was dependent on temperature and the surface concentration of free WGA. These results suggested synergy of WGA and CP, and retention of the biological cell binding activity of WGA, leading to improved liposome-cell interactions. Moreover, improvement of liposomal bioadhesion to lung epithelia significantly enhanced and prolonged the therapeutic efficacy of calcitonin, a model peptide drug, without any evidence of toxicity, following administration of calcitonin-loaded CP-WGA-modified liposomes. Hence, surface modification of liposomes with CP-WGA has potential for effective pulmonary administration of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Murata
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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16
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Pulmonary delivery of elcatonin using surface-modified liposomes to improve systemic absorption: Polyvinyl alcohol with a hydrophobic anchor and chitosan oligosaccharide as effective surface modifiers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Dong Z, Hamid KA, Gao Y, Lin Y, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Polyamidoamine Dendrimers Can Improve the Pulmonary Absorption of Insulin and Calcitonin in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1866-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Selg E, Acevedo F, Nybom R, Blomgren B, Ryrfeldt Å, Gerde P. Delivering Horseradish Peroxidase as a Respirable Powder to the Isolated, Perfused, and Ventilated Lung of the Rat: The Pulmonary Disposition of an Inhaled Model Biopharmaceutical. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2010; 23:273-84. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Selg
- Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Nybom
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Blomgren
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Åke Ryrfeldt
- Division of Physiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Amidi M, Mastrobattista E, Jiskoot W, Hennink WE. Chitosan-based delivery systems for protein therapeutics and antigens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:59-82. [PMID: 19925837 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides/proteins and protein-based antigens are chemically and structurally labile compounds, which are almost exclusively administered by parenteral injections. Recently, non-invasive mucosal routes have attracted interest for administration of these biotherapeutics. Chitosan-based delivery systems enhance the absorption and/or cellular uptake of peptides/proteins across mucosal sites and have immunoadjuvant properties. Chitosan is a mucoadhesive polysaccharide capable of opening the tight junctions between epithelial cells and it has functional groups for chemical modifications, which has resulted in a large variety of chitosan derivatives with tunable properties for the aimed applications. This review provides an overview of chitosan-based polymers for preparation of both therapeutic peptides/protein and antigen formulations. The physicochemical properties of these carrier systems as well as their applications in protein and antigen delivery through parenteral and mucosal (particularly nasal and pulmonary) administrations are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Grenha A, Al-Qadi S, Seijo B, Remuñán-López C. The potential of chitosan for pulmonary drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Tang Y, Chen X, Yang Y. The preparation and application of pulmonary surfactant nanoparticles as absorption enhancers in insulin dry powder delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:1059-65. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040902769628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Interferon alpha delivery systems for the treatment of hepatitis C. Int J Pharm 2008; 369:121-35. [PMID: 19103271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the most common chronic blood-borne viral infections in the world. The prevalence of HCV infections varies significantly by race or ethnicity, with a high prevalence of the disease displayed in the Hispanic population. Additionally, Hispanics with chronic HCV have also more advanced hepatic fibrosis and faster liver fibrosis progression rates than either African Americans or Caucasians. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of cirrhosis and extent of mortality from liver cirrhosis is also observed in the Hispanic population compared with other groups. Current recommendations for treatment of hepatitis C are interferon alpha (IFNalpha)-based monotherapy and combination of IFNalpha preparations with ribavirin. Future treatment regimens will still be based on IFNalpha therapy with or without other effective antiviral agents, currently under investigation. However, there are some inherent limitations, mainly their relative short systemic circulation lifespan, and their unwanted effects on some non-target tissues. New research focuses on the development of novel modified interferon molecules which demonstrate reduced side effects and extended systemic circulation time, which can ultimately provide greater efficacy. Alternative routes for IFNalpha delivery, such as oral delivery, demonstrate challenging but promising areas of research for improving future patient compliance.
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Thongborisute J, Tsuruta A, Kawabata Y, Takeuchi H. The effect of particle structure of chitosan-coated liposomes and type of chitosan on oral delivery of calcitonin. J Drug Target 2008; 14:147-54. [PMID: 16753828 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600648346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To optimize the properties of chitosan-coated liposomes for oral administration of peptide drugs, we examined the effect of type of chitosan and the structure of liposomal systems on the mucoadhesiveness of liposomes and resultant pharmacological effects of the liposomal peptide drug. A low-molecular weight chitosan (LCS) and a high-molecular weight chitosan (CS) were used as coating polymers of liposomes containing elcatonin (eCT). The muco-penetrative behaviors across the mucous gel layer covering the intestinal epithelial cells and the pharmacological effect after intragastric administration were determined in rats. The results showed that both LCS-coated liposomes (LCS-Lips) and CS-coated liposomes (CS-Lips) could permeate the mucous layer in the small intestine. The most interesting result was that LCS-Lips containing eCT showed remarkably more prolonged effectiveness in decreasing the blood calcium concentration than did CS-Lips containing eCT, moreover, it was also found that LCS had more efficiency to protect eCT from the enzymatic degradation than CS. In comparing the area above the plasma calcium concentration time curves (AAC) values among eCT-containing liposomes with different structures, i.e. eCT adsorbed on coated liposomes (eCT-ad-CS-Lip, eCT-ad-LCS-Lips) and eCT encapsulated in coated liposomes (eCT-encap-CS-Lips, eCT-encap-LCS-Lips), eCT-encap-CS-Lip showed much higher effectiveness than eCT-ad-CS-Lip. However, the AAC value for eCT-ad-LCS-Lip was comparable to that for eCT-encap-CS-Lip, while the value for eCT-ad-CS-Lip was nearly zero. These results suggested that LCS is a good mucoadhesive polymer candidate for enhancing the bioavailability of orally administered peptide containing liposomes, while encapsulation of eCT within the liposomal particles is important to protect eCT against enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jringjai Thongborisute
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, 5-6-1 Mitahora-Higashi, 5028585 Gifu, Japan
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de Jesús Valle MJ, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, Bastos ML, Sánchez Navarro A. Toxicological evaluation of lactose and chitosan delivered by inhalation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2008; 19:387-97. [PMID: 18325238 DOI: 10.1163/156856208783721038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
These days, inhalation constitutes a promising administration route for many drugs. However, this route exhibits unique limitations, and formulations aimed at pulmonary delivery should include as few as possible additives in order to maintain lung functionality. The purpose of this work was to investigate the safety of lactose and chitosan to the pulmonary tissue when delivered by inhalation. The study was carried out with 18 Wistar rats divided in three groups receiving distilled water, lactose or chitosan. A solution of each excipient was administered by inhalation at a dose of 20 mg. The lungs were excised and processed to determine several biochemical parameters used as toxicity biomarkers. Protein and carbonyl group content, lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cooper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were determined. Results of myeloperoxidase activity and glutathione disulfide lung concentrations showed a relevant decrease for chitosan group compared to control: 4.67 +/- 2.27 versus 15.10 +/- 7.27 (P = 0.011) for MPO and 0.89 +/- 0.68 versus 2.02 +/- 0.22 (P = 0.014) for GSSG. The other parameters did not vary significantly among groups. Lactose and chitosan administered by inhalation failed to show toxic effects to the pulmonary tissue. A protective effect against oxidative stress might even be attributed to chitosan, since some biomarkers had values significantly lower than those observed in the control group when this product was inhaled. Nevertheless, caution must be taken regarding chemical composition and technological processes applied to incorporate these products during drug formulation, in particular for dry powder inhalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J de Jesús Valle
- Pharmacy Department, University of Salamanca, Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n., Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Gao Y, He L, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Fujita T, Yamamoto A. Improvement of intestinal absorption of insulin and water-soluble macromolecular compounds by chitosan oligomers in rats. Int J Pharm 2008; 359:70-8. [PMID: 18450395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of five chitosan oligomers on the intestinal absorption of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans (FDs) and insulin were studied by an in situ loop method. The absorption of FD4 from the jejunum was effectively improved in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) chitosan hexamer and dimer. However, chitosan hexamer did not improve the colonic absorption of FD4, although we found a moderate increase in the colonic absorption of FD4 in the presence of chitosan pentamer and dimer. The absorption enhancing effect of chitosan hexamer decreased as the molecular weights of FDs increased. In addition, we found a remarkable increase in plasma insulin levels and a significant hypoglycemic effect after jejunal administration of insulin with chitosan hexamer. In the toxicity studies of chitosan hexamer, we found no significant increase in the release of total protein and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the intestinal epithelium in the presence of chitosan hexamer (0.5%, w/v), indicating that this compound was a safe absorption enhancer for improving the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs. Finally, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the permeability of FD4 in rat jejunal membranes with or without chitosan hexamer (0.5%, w/v) were examined by an in vitro diffusion chamber method. We observed a moderate decrease in the TEER values of rat jejunal membranes and a corresponding increase in the permeability of FD4 in the presence of chitosan hexamer (0.5%, w/v). These findings suggested that chitosan hexamer might loosen the tight junction of the intestinal epithelium, thereby improving the intestinal permeability of hydrophilic macromolecular compounds via a paracellular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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26
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Aider M, Brunet S, Bazinet L. Electroseparation of chitosan oligomers by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) and impact on electrodialytic parameters. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Thongborisute J, Takeuchi H. Evaluation of mucoadhesiveness of polymers by BIACORE method and mucin-particle method. Int J Pharm 2007; 354:204-9. [PMID: 18207675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the reliability of the BIACORE method as a useful method for measuring the mucoadhesive interaction between chitosan and mucin, the mucin-particle method was used for comparison. In this study, the adhesivities of different-molecular-weight chitosans (chitosan Mw. 150,000, CS; low-molecular-weight chitosan, LCS) and hydrophobically modified chitosans (dodecylated CS, d-CS; dodecylated LCS, d-LCS) to mucin were determined. The BIACORE method showed that CS, LCS and d-CS could interact with mucin based on the increased resonance unit (RU) response after mucin was passed over the chitosans-immobilized sensor chip surface. Sensorgrams obtained from the interaction between these polymers and mucin also indicated the rate and strength of binding reaction. The rate and strength were higher for unmodified chitosans than hydrophobically modified chitosans. The simple in vitro mucoadhesive test or mucin-particle method revealed that the turbidity of unmodified chitosan/mucin mixtures was higher than that of dodecylated chitosans for all concentration of chitosans and mucin. The results from both BIACORE and the mucin-particle method implied that hydrophobic modification of chitosan reduced its adhesivity to mucin. The results from these two methods corresponded well. Therefore, the BIACORE method has promised as an alternative method for evaluating the adhesivity of adhesive polymers to mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jringjai Thongborisute
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-Higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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Rawat A, Yang T, Hussain A, Ahsan F. Complexation of a Poly-l-Arginine with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Enhances Pulmonary Absorption of the Drug. Pharm Res 2007; 25:936-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He L, Gao Y, Lin Y, Katsumi H, Fujita T, Yamamoto A. Improvement of pulmonary absorption of insulin and other water-soluble compounds by polyamines in rats. J Control Release 2007; 122:94-101. [PMID: 17651854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The absorption enhancing effects of polyamines, spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and putrescine (PUT) on the pulmonary absorption of poorly absorbable drugs were studied in rats. Insulin, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextrans (FDs) were chosen as models of poorly absorbable drugs. The absorption of insulin from the lung was enhanced in the presence of SPM and SPD, while PUT had almost no absorption enhancing effect for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin in rats. SPM also improved the pulmonary absorption of FDs with various molecular weights, although we found almost no significant difference in the pulmonary absorption of CF with or without SPM. As for the pulmonary membrane toxicity of SPM, there was no significant difference in the release of protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with or without SPM in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), indicating that SPM did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. Furthermore, SPM did not affect the stability of insulin in BALF, suggesting that SPM might increase the permeability of insulin across the alveolar epithelium. In conclusion, polyamines, especially SPM can effectively improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and other macromolecules without any membrane damage to the lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Particle design for inhalation is characterized by advances in particle processing methods and the utilization of new excipients. Processing methods such as spray drying allow control over critical particle design features, such as particle size and distribution, surface energy, surface rugosity, particle density, surface area, porosity and microviscosity. Control of these features has enabled new classes of therapeutics to be delivered by inhalation. These include therapeutics that have a narrow therapeutic index, require a high delivered dose, and/or elicit their action systemically. Engineered particles are also being utilized for immune modulation, with exciting advances being made in the delivery of antibodies and inhaled vaccines. Continued advances are expected to result in 'smart' therapeutics capable of active targeting and intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry G Weers
- Nektar Therapeutics, 150 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA.
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Nakatani S, Mano H, Im R, Shimizu J, Wada M. Glucosamine regulates differentiation of a chondrogenic cell line, ATDC5. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:433-8. [PMID: 17329833 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressing chronic joint disease. Glucosamine (GlcN) is a saccharide that is widely used to relieve symptoms associated with OA. However, the mechanism of the effects of GlcN on articular cartilage remains unclear. We studied the effects of GlcN and its analogues, including chitin derivatives included in health supplements containing GlcN, on a chondrogenic cell line, ATDC5. We examined the effects of these saccharides on the proliferation and differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Glucosamine analogues, such as N-acetyl glucosamine and chitobiose, did not affect the proliferation or differentiation of ATDC5 cells. While GlcN did not affect the proliferation of ATDC5 cells, it inhibited their differentiation. Next, we examined whether GlcN affects mineralization and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by ATDC5 cells. Mineralization was markedly inhibited by addition of GlcN to the cell culture medium. Moreover, GlcN induced the formation of sulfated GAG in ATDC5. We also analyzed the mRNA levels in ATDC5 cells. GlcN reduced the mRNA levels of Smad2, Smad4 and MGP. GlcN might inhibit expression of MGP mRNA and induce the production of chondroitin sulfate in ATDC5 cells. The mechanism by which GlcN inhibits mineralization may be by regulating the expression of mRNA for the Smad2 and Smad4 chondrogenic master genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Nakatani
- Department of Food Functional Science, Graduate School of Pharmacology, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0248, Japan
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Li T, Lu WL, Hong HY, Yao YS, Han P, Li ZK, Wang GL, Cao Y, Liu XR, Wang JC, Zhang X, Zhang Q. Pharmacokinetics and anti-asthmatic potential of non-parenterally administered recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 102:321-30. [PMID: 17116976 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fpj06007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to define the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) and its effects on allergic asthma, cell adhesion molecules, and upper respiratory tract following non-parenteral administration in animals. Pharmacokinetics and immunomodulating effects of rhIL-1ra were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats and asthmatic guinea pigs, respectively. Effects on the upper respiratory tract following the applications of rhIL-1ra were investigated on the ex vivo nasal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats and in situ in the upper palate of Chinese toads. Absolute bioavailabilities after intratracheal and intranasal administrations of rhIL-1ra were 94.3% and 24.8%, respectively. After administration of rhIL-1ra solution as ultrasonic spraying, the asthmatic symptom in guinea pigs was obviously attenuated. The plasma soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and P-selectin levels in asthmatic guinea pigs were each dose-dependently reduced with the increase of rhIL-1ra dose. The rhIL-1ra solution after administration via the airway seemed to have no impact on the integrity of nasal mucosa and mucocilia clearance in the upper respiratory tract. The present study provides evidence that rhIL-1ra effectively suppresses allergen-induced asthmatic symptoms through spraying, which corresponds to nasal and pulmonary absorption or both, and the efficacy is associated with downregulation of sICAM-1 and P-selectin expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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