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Ebert A, Dahley C. Can membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds be predicted by the solubility-diffusion model? Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 199:106819. [PMID: 38815700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterions contain both positively and negatively charged functional groups, resulting in an overall net neutral charge. Nevertheless, the membrane permeability of the zwitterionic form of a compound is assumed to be much lower than the permeability of the uncharged neutral form. Although a significant proportion of pharmaceuticals are zwitterionic, it has not been clear so far whether their permeability is dominated by the permeation of the zwitterionic or the neutral form, since neutral fractions are often quite low as compared to the zwitterionic fraction. This complicates the in silico prediction of the permeability of zwitterionic compounds. In this work, we re-evaluated existing in vitro permeability data from literature measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell assays, using more strict exclusion criteria for effects like diffusion limitation by the aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, active transport and retention. Using this re-evaluated data set, we show that extracted intrinsic permeabilities of the neutral fraction are well predicted by the solubility-diffusion model (RMSE = 1.21; n = 18) if the permeability of the zwitterionic species is assumed negligible. Our work thus suggests that only the neutral species is relevant for the membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds, and that membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds is indeed predictable by the solubility-diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Computational Biology & Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Computational Biology & Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Choudhary R, Mahadevan R. FOCUS on NOD2: Advancing IBD Drug Discovery with a User-Informed Machine Learning Framework. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1057-1070. [PMID: 39015268 PMCID: PMC11247655 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we introduce the Framework for Optimized Customizable User-Informed Synthesis (FOCUS), a generative machine learning model tailored for drug discovery. FOCUS integrates domain expertise and uses Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to guide Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to efficiently explore chemical space. It generates SMILES representations of potential drug candidates, optimizing for druggability and binding efficacy to NOD2, PEP, and MCT1 receptors. The model is highly interpretive, allowing for user-feedback and expert-driven adjustments based on detailed cycle reports. Employing tools like SHAP and LIME, FOCUS provides a transparent analysis of decision-making processes, emphasizing features such as docking scores and interaction fingerprints. Comparative studies with Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) demonstrate improved interaction profiles. FOCUS merges advanced machine learning with expert insight, accelerating the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Lehmann A, Geburek I, Hessel-Pras S, Enge AM, Mielke H, Müller-Graf C, Kloft C, Hethey C. PBTK model-based analysis of CYP3A4 induction and the toxicokinetics of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in man. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1757-1769. [PMID: 38528153 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 induction by drugs and pesticides plays a critical role in the enhancement of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) toxicity as it leads to increased formation of hepatotoxic dehydro-PA metabolites. Addressing the need for a quantitative analysis of this interaction, we developed a physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model. Specifically, the model describes the impact of the well-characterized CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin on the kinetics of retrorsine, which is a prototypic PA and contaminant in herbal teas. Based on consumption data, the kinetics after daily intake of retrorsine were simulated with concomitant rifampicin treatment. Strongest impact on retrorsine kinetics (plasma AUC24 and C max reduced to 67% and 74% compared to the rifampicin-free reference) was predicted directly after withdrawal of rifampicin. At this time point, the competitive inhibitory effect of rifampicin stopped, while CYP3A4 induction was still near its maximum. Due to the impacted metabolism kinetics, the cumulative formation of intestinal retrorsine CYP3A4 metabolites increased to 254% (from 10 to 25 nmol), while the cumulative formation of hepatic CYP3A4 metabolites was not affected (57 nmol). Return to baseline PA toxicokinetics was predicted 14 days after stop of a 14-day rifampicin treatment. In conclusion, the PBTK model showed to be a promising tool to assess the dynamic interplay of enzyme induction and toxification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Geburek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Margarethe Enge
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Mielke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Müller-Graf
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hethey
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Zhang SY, Ong WSY, Subelzu N, Gleeson JP. Validation of a Caco-2 microfluidic Chip model for predicting intestinal absorption of BCS Class I-IV drugs. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124089. [PMID: 38599444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Oral delivery is considered the most patient preferred route of drug administration, however, the drug must be sufficiently soluble and permeable to successfully formulate an oral formulation. There have been advancements in the development of more predictive solubility and dissolution tools, but the tools that has been developed for permeability assays have not been validated as extensively as the gold-standard Caco-2 Transwell assay. Here, we evaluated Caco-2 intestinal permeability assay in Transwells and a commercially available microfluidic Chip using 19 representative Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class I-IV compounds. For each selected compound, we performed a comprehensive viability test, quantified its apparent permeability (Papp), and established an in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) to the human fraction absorbed (fa) in both culture conditions. Permeability differences were observed across the models as demonstrated by antipyrine (Transwell Papp: 38.5 ± 6.1 × 10-8 cm/s vs Chip Papp: 32.9 ± 11.3 × 10-8 cm/s) and nadolol (Transwell Papp: 0.6 ± 0.1 × 10-7 cm/s vs Chip Papp: 3 ± 1.2 × 10-7 cm/s). The in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC; Papp vs. fa) of the Transwell model (r2 = 0.59-0.83) was similar to the Chip model (r2 = 0.41-0.79), highlighting similar levels of predictivity. Comparing to historical data, our Chip Papp data was more closely aligned to native tissues assessed in Ussing chambers. This is the first study to comprehensively validate a commercial Gut-on-a-Chip model as a predictive tool for assessing oral absorption to further reduce our reliance on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Whitney S Y Ong
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Natalia Subelzu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - John P Gleeson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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de Sá SVM, Faria MA, Fernandes JO, Cunha SC. In Vitro Digestion and Intestinal Absorption of Mycotoxins Due to Exposure from Breakfast Cereals: Implications for Children's Health. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:205. [PMID: 38787057 PMCID: PMC11126104 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakfast cereals play a crucial role in children's diets, providing essential nutrients that are vital for their growth and development. Children are known to be more susceptible than adults to the harmful effects of food contaminants, with mycotoxins being a common concern in cereals. This study specifically investigated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), enniatin B (ENNB), and sterigmatocystin (STG), three well-characterized mycotoxins found in cereals. The research aimed to address existing knowledge gaps by comprehensively evaluating the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of these three mycotoxins, both individually and in combination, when consumed with breakfast cereals and milk. The in vitro gastrointestinal method revealed patterns in the bioaccessibility of AFB1, ENNB, and STG. Overall, bioaccessibility increased as the food progressed from the stomach to the intestinal compartment, with the exception of ENNB, whose behavior differed depending on the type of milk. The ranking of overall bioaccessibility in different matrices was as follows: digested cereal > cereal with semi-skimmed milk > cereal with lactose-free milk > cereal with soy beverage. Bioaccessibility percentages varied considerably, ranging from 3.1% to 86.2% for AFB1, 1.5% to 59.3% for STG, and 0.6% to 98.2% for ENNB. Overall, the inclusion of milk in the ingested mixture had a greater impact on bioaccessibility compared to consuming the mycotoxins as a single compound or in combination. During intestinal transport, ENNB and STG exhibited the highest absorption rates when ingested together. This study highlights the importance of investigating the combined ingestion and transport of these mycotoxins to comprehensively assess their absorption and potential toxicity in humans, considering their frequent co-occurrence and the possibility of simultaneous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara C. Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.M.d.S.); (M.A.F.); (J.O.F.)
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Guo Y, Shen Z, Zhao W, Lu J, Song Y, Shen L, Lu Y, Wu M, Shi Q, Zhuang W, Qiu Y, Sheng J, Zhou Z, Fang L, Che J, Dong X. Rational Identification of Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate with High Bystander Killing Effect against Heterogeneous Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306309. [PMID: 38269648 PMCID: PMC10987111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bystander-killing payloads can significantly overcome the tumor heterogeneity issue and enhance the clinical potential of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), but the rational design and identification of effective bystander warheads constrain the broader implementation of this strategy. Here, graph attention networks (GAT) are constructed for a rational bystander killing scoring model and ADC construction workflow for the first time. To generate efficient bystander-killing payloads, this model is utilized for score-directed exatecan derivatives design. Among them, Ed9, the most potent payload with satisfactory permeability and bioactivity, is further used to construct ADC. Through linker optimization and conjugation, novel ADCs are constructed that perform excellent anti-tumor efficacy and bystander-killing effect in vivo and in vitro. The optimal conjugate T-VEd9 exhibited therapeutic efficacy superior to DS-8201 against heterogeneous tumors. These results demonstrate that the effective scoring approach can pave the way for the discovery of novel ADC with promising bystander payloads to combat tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zheyuan Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310018P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yi Song
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Liteng Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Wu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Qiuqiu Shi
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Weihao Zhuang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yueping Qiu
- The Department of PharmacyZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou310022P. R. China
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310002P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310018P. R. China
| | - Luo Fang
- The Department of PharmacyZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou310022P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Department of PharmacySecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009P. R. China
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7
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Ebert A, Dahley C, Goss KU. Pitfalls in evaluating permeability experiments with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106699. [PMID: 38232636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
When studying the transport of molecules across biological membranes, intrinsic membrane permeability (P0) is more informative than apparent permeability (Papp), because it eliminates external (setup-specific) factors, provides consistency across experiments and mechanistic insight. It is thus an important building block for modeling the total permeability in any given scenario. However, extracting P0 is often difficult, if not impossible, when the membrane is not the dominant transport resistance. In this work, we set out to analyze Papp values measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers of 69 literature references. We checked the Papp values for a total of 318 different compounds for the extractability of P0, considering possible limitations by aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, recovery issues, active transport, a possible proton flux limitation, and sink conditions. Overall, we were able to extract 77 reliable P0 values, which corresponds to about one quarter of the total compounds analyzed, while about half were limited by the diffusion through the aqueous layers. Compared to an existing data set of P0 values published by Avdeef, our approach resulted in a much higher exclusion of compounds. This is a consequence of stricter compound- and reference-specific exclusion criteria, but also because we considered possible concentration-shift effects due to different pH values in the aqueous layers, an effect only recently described in literature. We thus provide a consistent and reliable set of P0, e.g. as a basis for future modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Federal Republic of Germany
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Chlipała P, Tronina T, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Stępień Ł, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. Multienzymatic biotransformation of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi: structural modifications and pharmacological predictions. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38402203 PMCID: PMC10893614 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavokawain B is one of the naturally occurring chalcones in the kava plant (Piper methysticum). It exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. Due to its therapeutic potential, flavokawain B holds promise for the treatment of many diseases. However, due to its poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility, its application remains limited. The attachment of a sugar unit impacts the stability and solubility of flavonoids and often determines their bioavailability and bioactivity. Biotransformation is an environmentally friendly way to improve the properties of compounds, for example, to increase their hydrophilicity and thus affect their bioavailability. Recent studies proved that entomopathogenic filamentous fungi from the genera Isaria and Beauveria can perform O-methylglycosylation of hydroxyflavonoids or O-demethylation and hydroxylation of selected chalcones and flavones. RESULTS In the present study, we examined the ability of entomopathogenic filamentous fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria caledonica, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea, and Isaria tenuipes to transform flavokawain B into its glycosylated derivatives. The main process occurring during the reaction is O-demethylation and/or hydroxylation followed by 4-O-methylglycosylation. The substrate used was characterized by low susceptibility to transformations compared to our previously described transformations of flavones and chalcones in the cultures of the tested strains. However, in the culture of the B. bassiana KCh J1.5 and BBT, Metarhizium robertsii MU4, and I. tenuipes MU35, the expected methylglycosides were obtained with high yields. Cheminformatic analyses indicated altered physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties in the derivatives compared to flavokawain B. Pharmacological predictions suggested potential anticarcinogenic activity, caspase 3 stimulation, and antileishmanial effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the study provided valuable insights into the enzymatic transformations of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi, elucidating the structural modifications and predicting potential pharmacological activities of the obtained derivatives. The findings contribute to the understanding of the biocatalytic capabilities of these microbial cultures and the potential therapeutic applications of the modified flavokawain B derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chlipała
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
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Yasugi Y, Shirasaka Y, Tamai I. Quantitative analysis of the impact of membrane permeability on intestinal first-pass metabolism of CYP3A substrates. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:3-14. [PMID: 38085672 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was firstly to investigate the effect of membrane permeability on the intestinal availability (Fg ) of 10 cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates with differing permeability (Papp ) and metabolic activity (CLint ) using Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells expressing human CYP3A4 (MDCKII/CYP3A4 cells), and secondly to confirm the essential factors by simulations. A membrane permeation assay using MDCKII/CYP3A4 cells showed a significant correlation between human intestinal extraction ratio (ER) (Eg (=1 - Fg )) and in vitro cellular ER (r = 0.834). This relationship afforded better predictability of Eg values than the relationship between Eg and CLint,HIM values obtained from human intestinal microsomes (r = 0.598). An even stronger correlation was observed between 1 - Fa ·Fg and ER (r = 0.874). Simulation with a cellular kinetic model indicated that ER is sensitive to changes of PSpassive and CLint values, but not to the intracellular unbound fraction (fu,cell ) or P-gp-mediated efflux (PSP - gp ). It may be concluded that, based on the concentration-time profile of drugs in epithelial cells, transmembrane permeability influences Fg (or ER) and drug exposure time to metabolizing enzymes for P450 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yasugi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Chen G, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Bai Y, Ma S, Wang J, Zhao M, Zou M, Cheng G. The development of a novel simultaneous in vitro dissolution - in situ perfusion system as a potential tool for studying the absorption of solid oral formulation in rat. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106601. [PMID: 37783379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a novel simultaneous in vitro dissolution - in situ perfusion system (SDPS) as a potential tool to evaluate the in vivo performance of solid oral formulation in rat. The innovative nitrendipine (NTD) tablet of Bayotensin mite® made in Germany was used as reference listed drug (RLD), and five generic products from Chinese market were compared with RLD using the in vitro dissolution test method specified by the orange book and the SDPS method developed in this study. Four self-prepared NTD tablets with different proportions of microcrystalline cellulose/starch were employed to investigate the discriminatory ability of the SDPS for formulation. In addition, the predictivity of the SDPS in relation to data from in vivo pharmaceutics studies was evaluated. The 45-min dissolution test and multiple-pH dissolution profiles of generic product 1 and 2 have no difference compared with the RLD, but their dissolution profiles from the SDPS showed statistically significant differences. A biexponential formula successfully described the concentration profiles of self-prepared formulations in SDPS experiments. The kdis (0.08 ± 0.01 ∼ 0.2 ± 0.03 min-1) and ka (about 2.30 × 10-3 min-1) values calculated by the formulas of F1-F3 suggested that the used excipients had no effect on the intestinal absorption of NTD, and it might be the property of active pharmaceutical ingredient that led to the difference among the generics. Furthermore, the in vivo rat pharmacokinetics study results of F1-F3 showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) with the SDPS data. In summary, the SDPS is a promising tool to detect the unexpected quality changes of pharmaceutical products in weakly regulated markets, facilitate formulation screening, and potentially reduce animal testing for estimating the in vivo absorption behavior of solid oral formulations. The absorption performance of generic drugs in vivo should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Kus M, Ibragimow I, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. Caco-2 Cell Line Standardization with Pharmaceutical Requirements and In Vitro Model Suitability for Permeability Assays. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2523. [PMID: 38004503 PMCID: PMC10674574 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell line derived from human colon carcinoma is commonly used to assess the permeability of compounds in in vitro conditions. Due to the significant increase in permeability studies using the Caco-2 cell line in recent years, the need to standardize this biological model seems necessary. The pharmaceutical requirements define only the acceptance criteria for the validation of the Caco-2 cell line and do not specify the protocol for its implementation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the conditions for permeability studies across the Caco-2 monolayer reported in the available literature concerning validation guidelines. We summarized the main aspects affecting the validation process of the Caco-2 cell line, including the culture conditions, cytotoxicity, cell differentiation process, and monolayer transport conditions, and the main conclusions may be useful in developing individual methods for preparing the cell line for validation purposes and further permeability research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kus
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
- Research and Development Department of Ethifarm, Ethifarm Manufacturing Plant, 9 Stefana Zeromskiego St., 60-544 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Izabela Ibragimow
- Research and Development Department of Ethifarm, Ethifarm Manufacturing Plant, 9 Stefana Zeromskiego St., 60-544 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland
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12
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Masloh S, Culot M, Gosselet F, Chevrel A, Scapozza L, Zeisser Labouebe M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Oral Delivery of Recombinant Biologics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051415. [PMID: 37242657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant biological molecules are at the cutting-edge of biomedical research thanks to the significant progress made in biotechnology and a better understanding of subcellular processes implicated in several diseases. Given their ability to induce a potent response, these molecules are becoming the drugs of choice for multiple pathologies. However, unlike conventional drugs which are mostly ingested, the majority of biologics are currently administered parenterally. Therefore, to improve their limited bioavailability when delivered orally, the scientific community has devoted tremendous efforts to develop accurate cell- and tissue-based models that allow for the determination of their capacity to cross the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, several promising approaches have been imagined to enhance the intestinal permeability and stability of recombinant biological molecules. This review summarizes the main physiological barriers to the oral delivery of biologics. Several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models currently used to assess permeability are also presented. Finally, the multiple strategies explored to address the challenges of administering biotherapeutics orally are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Masloh
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Culot
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Anne Chevrel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Lehmann A, Geburek I, These A, Hessel-Pras S, Hengstler JG, Albrecht W, Mielke H, Müller-Graf C, Yang X, Kloft C, Hethey C. PBTK modeling of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine to predict liver toxicity in mouse and rat. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1319-1333. [PMID: 36906727 PMCID: PMC10110657 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Retrorsine is a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) found in herbal supplements and medicines, food and livestock feed. Dose-response studies enabling the derivation of a point of departure including a benchmark dose for risk assessment of retrorsine in humans and animals are not available. Addressing this need, a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model of retrorsine was developed for mouse and rat. Comprehensive characterization of retrorsine toxicokinetics revealed: both the fraction absorbed from the intestine (78%) and the fraction unbound in plasma (60%) are high, hepatic membrane permeation is dominated by active uptake and not by passive diffusion, liver metabolic clearance is 4-fold higher in rat compared to mouse and renal excretion contributes to 20% of the total clearance. The PBTK model was calibrated with kinetic data from available mouse and rat studies using maximum likelihood estimation. PBTK model evaluation showed convincing goodness-of-fit for hepatic retrorsine and retrorsine-derived DNA adducts. Furthermore, the developed model allowed to translate in vitro liver toxicity data of retrorsine to in vivo dose-response data. Resulting benchmark dose confidence intervals (mg/kg bodyweight) are 24.1-88.5 in mice and 79.9-104 in rats for acute liver toxicity after oral retrorsine intake. As the PBTK model was built to enable extrapolation to different species and other PA congeners, this integrative framework constitutes a flexible tool to address gaps in the risk assessment of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Geburek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja These
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hans Mielke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Müller-Graf
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hethey
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Medvedíková M, Ranc V, Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Anzenbacher P. Highly Cytotoxic Copper(II) Mixed-Ligand Quinolinonato Complexes: Pharmacokinetic Properties and Interactions with Drug Metabolizing Cytochromes P450. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041314. [PMID: 37111801 PMCID: PMC10146558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two anticancer active copper(II) mixed-ligand complexes of the type [Cu(qui)(mphen)]Y·H2O, where Hqui = 2-phenyl-3-hydroxy- 1H-quinolin-4-one, mphen = bathophenanthroline, and Y = NO3 (complex 1) or BF4 (complex 2) on the activities of different isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) have been evaluated. The screening revealed significant inhibitory effects of the complexes on CYP3A4/5 (IC50 values were 2.46 and 4.88 μM), CYP2C9 (IC50 values were 16.34 and 37.25 μM), and CYP2C19 (IC50 values were 61.21 and 77.07 μM). Further, the analysis of mechanisms of action uncovered a non-competitive type of inhibition for both the studied compounds. Consequent studies of pharmacokinetic properties proved good stability of both the complexes in phosphate buffer saline (>96% stability) and human plasma (>91% stability) after 2 h of incubation. Both compounds are moderately metabolised by human liver microsomes (<30% after 1 h of incubation), and over 90% of the complexes bind to plasma proteins. The obtained results showed the potential of complexes 1 and 2 to interact with major metabolic pathways of drugs and, as a consequence of this finding, their apparent incompatibility in combination therapy with most chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Medvedíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ranc
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Fagerholm U, Hellberg S, Alvarsson J, Spjuth O. In Silico Prediction of Human Clinical Pharmacokinetics with ANDROMEDA by Prosilico: Predictions for an Established Benchmarking Data Set, a Modern Small Drug Data Set, and a Comparison with Laboratory Methods. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:39-54. [PMID: 36572567 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing aim to replace animal and in vitro laboratory models with in silico methods. Such replacement requires the successful validation and comparably good performance of the alternative methods. We have developed an in silico prediction system for human clinical pharmacokinetics, based on machine learning, conformal prediction and a new physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model, i.e. ANDROMEDA. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate how well ANDROMEDA predicts the human clinical pharmacokinetics of a previously proposed benchmarking data set comprising 24 physicochemically diverse drugs and 28 small drug molecules new to the market in 2021; b) to compare its predictive performance with that of laboratory methods; and c) to investigate and describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the modern drugs. Median and maximum prediction errors for the selected major parameters were ca 1.2 to 2.5-fold and 16-fold for both data sets, respectively. Prediction accuracy was on par with, or better than, the best laboratory-based prediction methods (superior performance for a vast majority of the comparisons), and the prediction range was considerably broader. The modern drugs have higher average molecular weight than those in the benchmarking set from 15 years earlier (ca 200 g/mol higher), and were predicted to (generally) have relatively complex pharmacokinetics, including permeability and dissolution limitations and significant renal, biliary and/or gut-wall elimination. In conclusion, the results were overall better than those obtained with laboratory methods, and thus serve to further validate the ANDROMEDA in silico system for the prediction of human clinical pharmacokinetics of modern and physicochemically diverse drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Alvarsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Prosilico AB, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Zhang T, Zou P, Fang Y, Li Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug concentrations of breast cancer resistance protein substrates in milk. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:221-232. [PMID: 36265038 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many mothers need to take some medications during breastfeeding, which may carry a risk to breastfed infants. Thus, determining the amount of a drug transferred into breast milk is critical for risk-benefit analysis of breastfeeding. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), an efflux transporter which usually protects the body from environmental and dietary toxins, was reported to be highly expressed in lactating mammary glands. In this study, we developed a mechanistic lactation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach incorporating BCRP mediated transport kinetics to simulate the concentration-time profiles of five BCRP drug substrates (acyclovir, bupropion, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin) in nursing women's plasma and milk. Due to the lack of certain physiological parameters and scaling factors in nursing women, we combine the bottom up and top down PBPK modeling approaches together with literature reported data to optimize and determine a set of parameters that are applicable for all five drugs. The predictive performance of the PBPK models was assessed by comparing predicted pharmacokinetic profiles and the milk-to-plasma (M/P) ratio with clinically reported data. The predicted M/P ratios for acyclovir, bupropion, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin were 2.48, 3.70, 3.55, 1.21, and 5.78, which were all within 1.5-fold of the observed values. These PBPK models are useful to predict the PK profiles of those five drugs in the milk for different dosing regimens. Furthermore, the approach proposed in this study will be applicable to predict pharmacokinetics of other transporter substrates in the milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Peng Zou
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yingsi Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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17
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Zhang T, Applebee Z, Zou P, Wang Z, Diaz ES, Li Y. An in vitro human mammary epithelial cell permeability assay to assess drug secretion into breast milk. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100122. [PMID: 35789754 PMCID: PMC9249612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, United States of America
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zachary Applebee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, United States of America
| | - Peng Zou
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., 211 Mount Airy Road, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, United States of America
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, United States of America
| | - Erika Solano Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY-Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States of America
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Science and Humanities, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA. Current affiliation: School of Food and Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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18
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Reliable Prediction of Caco-2 Permeability by Supervised Recursive Machine Learning Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101998. [PMID: 36297432 PMCID: PMC9610902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the Caco-2 cell line and differences in experimental protocols for permeability assessment using this cell-based method have resulted in the high variability of Caco-2 permeability measurements. These problems have limited the generation of large datasets to develop accurate and applicable regression models. This study presents a QSPR approach developed on the KNIME analytical platform and based on a structurally diverse dataset of over 4900 molecules. Interpretable models were obtained using random forest supervised recursive algorithms for data cleaning and feature selection. The development of a conditional consensus model based on regional and global regression random forest produced models with RMSE values between 0.43–0.51 for all validation sets. The potential applicability of the model as a surrogate for the in vitro Caco-2 assay was demonstrated through blind prediction of 32 drugs recommended by the International Council for the Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals (ICH) for validation of in vitro permeability methods. The model was validated for the preliminary estimation of the BCS/BDDCS class. The KNIME workflow developed to automate new drug prediction is freely available. The results suggest that this automated prediction platform is a reliable tool for identifying the most promising compounds with high intestinal permeability during the early stages of drug discovery.
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19
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Weller A, Hansen MB, Marie R, Hundahl AC, Hempel C, Kempen PJ, Frandsen HL, Parhamifar L, Larsen JB, Andresen TL. Quantifying the transport of biologics across intestinal barrier models in real-time by fluorescent imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:965200. [PMID: 36159696 PMCID: PMC9500407 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.965200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsuccessful clinical translation of orally delivered biological drugs remains a challenge in pharmaceutical development and has been linked to insufficient mechanistic understanding of intestinal drug transport. Live cell imaging could provide such mechanistic insights by directly tracking drug transport across intestinal barriers at subcellular resolution, however traditional intestinal in vitro models are not compatible with the necessary live cell imaging modalities. Here, we employed a novel microfluidic platform to develop an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier compatible with advanced widefield- and confocal microscopy. We established a quantitative, multiplexed and high-temporal resolution imaging assay for investigating the cellular uptake and cross-barrier transport of biologics while simultaneously monitoring barrier integrity. As a proof-of-principle, we use the generic model to monitor the transport of co-administrated cell penetrating peptide (TAT) and insulin. We show that while TAT displayed a concentration dependent difference in its transport mechanism and efficiency, insulin displayed cellular internalization, but was restricted from transport across the barrier. This illustrates how such a sophisticated imaging based barrier model can facilitate mechanistic studies of drug transport across intestinal barriers and aid in vivo and clinical translation in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Weller
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten B. Hansen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam C. Hundahl
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Hempel
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul J. Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- The National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik L. Frandsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik B. Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jannik B. Larsen, ; Thomas L. Andresen,
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jannik B. Larsen, ; Thomas L. Andresen,
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20
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Cai X, Patel S, Huang C, Paiva A, Sun Y, Barker G, Weller H, Shou W. Comprehensive characterization and optimization of Caco-2 cells enabled the development of a miniaturized 96-well permeability assay. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:742-750. [PMID: 36217915 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2133648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of compound permeability through a Caco-2 cell monolayer is a well-accepted model to evaluate its in-vivo permeability potential and transporter interaction. While this assay has commonly been conducted using a 24-well assay plate format, a miniaturised 96-well assay format is highly desirable to achieve greater capacity and higher efficiency.Previous attempts to convert this assay from 24-well to 96-well format at our lab, however, had met with varied efflux capacities and unacceptable efflux ratios for digoxin, a substrate of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which indicated inadequate Pgp transporter expression in the 96-well format.These challenges in converting the assays were attributed to the heterogeneous and unstable nature of the Caco-2 cells. To overcome the challenges, single-cell sorting of Caco-2 cells was conducted by flow cytometry to obtain a more homogeneous and stable cell population. The sorted cells were then seeded to 96-well transwell plates and the Pgp expression under various cell culture conditions was monitored by a LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics method.Through cell sorting and direct Pgp expression measurement, Caco-2 cells with adequate and sustained Pgp expression in a 96-well format were obtained, which led to the successful development and implementation of a 96-well Caco-2 assay with significant efficiency gain and faster turnaround time than the historical 24-well assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Cai
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anthony Paiva
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yongnian Sun
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory Barker
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Harold Weller
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wilson Shou
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb. Co, Princeton, NJ, USA
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21
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Guillemet D, Belles C, Gomes A, Azalbert V, André M, Faresse N, Burcelin R, Lagarde JM, Lacasa D, Kéophiphath M. Screening for anti-adipogenic, pro-lipolytic and thermogenic plant extracts by models associating intestinal epithelial cells with human adipose cells. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2201-2215. [PMID: 35092460 PMCID: PMC9106611 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Excessive fat mass accumulation in obesity leads to diverse metabolic disorders, increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and in some cases, mortality. The aim of this study was to screen the actions of botanical extracts intended for oral use on human adipose tissue, using an in vitro screening model combining human intestinal cells with human adipose cells. This was to find the most effective extracts on lipid accumulation, UCP1 expression and ATP production in pre-adipocytes and on adipocyte lipolysis. Methods In this study, 25 individual plant extracts were screened for their effects on human adipose cells. Consequently, an original in vitro model was set up using the Caco-2 cell line, to mimic the intestinal passage of the extracts and then exposing human adipose cells to them. The biological actions of extracts were thus characterized, and compared with a coffee extract standard. The most effective extracts, and their combinations, were retained for their actions on lipid accumulation, the expression of the thermogenic effector UCP1 and ATP production in pre-adipocytes as well as on lipolysis activity of mature adipocytes. Results The biphasic culture system combining human Caco-2 cells with human adipose cells was verified as functional using the green coffee extract standard. Out of the 25 plant extracts studied, only 7 and their combinations were retained due to their potent effects on adipose cells biology. The data showed that compared to the coffee extract standard, Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts were the most effective in reducing lipid accumulation and increased UCP1 expression in human pre-adipocytes. Conclusion This study reveals the potential inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and thermogenic activity of Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts, and for the first time synergies in their combinations, using an in vitro model mimicking as closely as possible, human intestinal passage linked to adipose cells. These findings need to be confirmed by in vivo trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Belles
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Gomes
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde André
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Nourdine Faresse
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lagarde
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Danièle Lacasa
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Mayoura Kéophiphath
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France.
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22
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All layers matter: Innovative three-dimensional epithelium-stroma-endothelium intestinal model for reliable permeability outcomes. J Control Release 2021; 341:414-430. [PMID: 34871636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is an ever-growing field, increasingly requesting reliable in vitro tools to speed up early screening phases, reducing the need for animal experiments. In oral delivery, understanding the absorption pattern of a new drug in the small intestine is paramount. Classical two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models are generally too simplistic and do not accurately represent native tissues. The main goal of this work was to develop an advanced three-dimensional (3D) in vitro intestinal model to test absorption in a more reliable manner, by better mimicking the native environment. The 3D model is composed of a collagen-based stromal layer with embedded fibroblasts mimicking the intestinal lamina propria and providing support for the epithelium, composed of enterocytes and mucus-secreting cells. An endothelial layer, surrogating the absorptive capillary network, is also present. The cellular crosstalk between the different cells present in the model is unveiled, disclosing key players, namely those involved in the contraction of collagen by fibroblasts. The developed 3D model presents lower levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2) efflux transporters, which are normally overexpressed in traditional Caco-2 models, and are paramount in the absorption of many compounds. This, allied with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values closer to physiological ranges, leads to improved and more reliable permeability outcomes, which are observed when comparing our results with in vivo data.
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23
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Kell DB. The Transporter-Mediated Cellular Uptake and Efflux of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biotechnology Products: How and Why Phospholipid Bilayer Transport Is Negligible in Real Biomembranes. Molecules 2021; 26:5629. [PMID: 34577099 PMCID: PMC8470029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, my colleagues and I have come to realise that the likelihood of pharmaceutical drugs being able to diffuse through whatever unhindered phospholipid bilayer may exist in intact biological membranes in vivo is vanishingly low. This is because (i) most real biomembranes are mostly protein, not lipid, (ii) unlike purely lipid bilayers that can form transient aqueous channels, the high concentrations of proteins serve to stop such activity, (iii) natural evolution long ago selected against transport methods that just let any undesirable products enter a cell, (iv) transporters have now been identified for all kinds of molecules (even water) that were once thought not to require them, (v) many experiments show a massive variation in the uptake of drugs between different cells, tissues, and organisms, that cannot be explained if lipid bilayer transport is significant or if efflux were the only differentiator, and (vi) many experiments that manipulate the expression level of individual transporters as an independent variable demonstrate their role in drug and nutrient uptake (including in cytotoxicity or adverse drug reactions). This makes such transporters valuable both as a means of targeting drugs (not least anti-infectives) to selected cells or tissues and also as drug targets. The same considerations apply to the exploitation of substrate uptake and product efflux transporters in biotechnology. We are also beginning to recognise that transporters are more promiscuous, and antiporter activity is much more widespread, than had been realised, and that such processes are adaptive (i.e., were selected by natural evolution). The purpose of the present review is to summarise the above, and to rehearse and update readers on recent developments. These developments lead us to retain and indeed to strengthen our contention that for transmembrane pharmaceutical drug transport "phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible".
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Mellizyme Biotechnology Ltd., IC1, Liverpool Science Park, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool L3 5TF, UK
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24
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Kamiya Y, Omura A, Hayasaka R, Saito R, Sano I, Handa K, Ohori J, Kitajima M, Shono F, Funatsu K, Yamazaki H. Prediction of permeability across intestinal cell monolayers for 219 disparate chemicals using in vitro experimental coefficients in a pH gradient system and in silico analyses by trivariate linear regressions and machine learning. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114749. [PMID: 34461115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For medicines, the apparent membrane permeability coefficients (Papp) across human colorectal carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) monolayers under a pH gradient generally correlate with the fraction absorbed after oral intake. Furthermore, the in vitro Papp values of 29 industrial chemicals were found to have an inverse association with their reported no-observed effect levels for hepatotoxicity in rats. In the current study, we expanded our influx permeability predictions for the 90 previously investigated chemicals to both influx and efflux permeability predictions for 207 diverse primary compounds, along with those for 23 secondary compounds. Trivariate linear regression analysis found that the observed influx and efflux logPapp values determined by in vitro experiments significantly correlated with molecular weights and the octanol-water distribution coefficients at apical and basal pH levels (pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively) (apical to basal, r = 0.76, n = 198; and basal to apical, r = 0.77, n = 202); the distribution coefficients were estimated in silico. Further, prediction accuracy was enhanced by applying a light gradient boosting machine learning system (LightGBM) to estimate influx and efflux logPapp values that incorporated 17 and 19 in silico chemical descriptors (r = 0.83-0.84, p < 0.001). The determination in vitro and/or prediction in silico of permeability coefficients across intestinal cell monolayers of a diverse range of industrial chemicals/food components/medicines could contribute to the safety evaluations of oral intakes of general chemicals in humans. Such new alternative methods could also reduce the need for animal testing during toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kamiya
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Omura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Riku Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Rie Saito
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Izumi Sano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | | | - Junya Ohori
- Fujitsu, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8588, Japan
| | | | - Fumiaki Shono
- Data Science Center Tokyo Office, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
| | - Kimito Funatsu
- Data Science Center Tokyo Office, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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25
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Price E, Kalvass JC, DeGoey D, Hosmane B, Doktor S, Desino K. Global Analysis of Models for Predicting Human Absorption: QSAR, In Vitro, and Preclinical Models. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9389-9403. [PMID: 34152772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Models intended to predict intestinal absorption are an essential part of the drug development process. Although many models exist for capturing intestinal absorption, many questions still exist around the applicability of these models to drug types like "beyond rule of 5" (bRo5) and low absorption compounds. This presents a challenge as current models have not been rigorously tested to understand intestinal absorption. Here, we assembled a large, structurally diverse dataset of ∼1000 compounds with known in vitro, preclinical, and human permeability and/or absorption data. In silico (quantitative structure-activity relationship), in vitro (Caco-2), and in vivo (rat) models were statistically evaluated for predictive performance against this human intestinal absorption dataset. We expect this evaluation to serve as a resource for DMPK scientists and medicinal/computational chemists to increase their understanding of permeability and absorption model utility and applications for academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Price
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - J Cory Kalvass
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David DeGoey
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Balakrishna Hosmane
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stella Doktor
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kelly Desino
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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26
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Zhang D, Wei C, Hop CECA, Wright MR, Hu M, Lai Y, Khojasteh SC, Humphreys WG. Intestinal Excretion, Intestinal Recirculation, and Renal Tubule Reabsorption Are Underappreciated Mechanisms That Drive the Distribution and Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Small Molecule Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7045-7059. [PMID: 34010555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug reabsorption following biliary excretion is well-known as enterohepatic recirculation (EHR). Renal tubular reabsorption (RTR) following renal excretion is also common but not easily assessed. Intestinal excretion (IE) and enteroenteric recirculation (EER) have not been recognized as common disposition mechanisms for metabolically stable and permeable drugs. IE and intestinal reabsorption (IR:EHR/EER), as well as RTR, are governed by dug concentration gradients, passive diffusion, active transport, and metabolism, and together they markedly impact disposition and pharmacokinetics (PK) of small molecule drugs. Disruption of IE, IR, or RTR through applications of active charcoal (AC), transporter knockout (KO), and transporter inhibitors can lead to changes in PK parameters. The impacts of intestinal and renal reabsorption on PK are under-appreciated. Although IE and EER/RTR can be an intrinsic drug property, there is no apparent strategy to optimize compounds based on this property. This review seeks to improve understanding and applications of IE, IR, and RTR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew R Wright
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - W Griff Humphreys
- Aranmore Pharma Consulting, 11 Andrew Drive, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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27
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Fagerholm U, Hellberg S, Spjuth O. Advances in Predictions of Oral Bioavailability of Candidate Drugs in Man with New Machine Learning Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092572. [PMID: 33925103 PMCID: PMC8124353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bioavailability (F) is an essential determinant for the systemic exposure and dosing regimens of drug candidates. F is determined by numerous processes, and computational predictions of human estimates have so far shown limited results. We describe a new methodology where F in humans is predicted directly from chemical structure using an integrated strategy combining 9 machine learning models, 3 sets of structural alerts, and 2 physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. We evaluate the model on a benchmark dataset consisting of 184 compounds, obtaining a predictive accuracy (Q2) of 0.50, which is successful according to a pharmaceutical industry proposal. Twenty-seven compounds were found (beforehand) to be outside the main applicability domain for the model. We compare our results with interspecies correlations (rat, mouse and dog vs. human) using the same dataset, where animal vs. human-correlations (R2) were found to be 0.21 to 0.40 and maximum prediction errors were smaller than maximum interspecies differences. We conclude that our method has sufficient predictive accuracy to be practically useful with applications in human exposure and dose predictions, compound optimization and decision making, with potential to rationalize drug discovery and development and decrease failures and overexposures in early clinical trials with candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Fagerholm
- Prosilico AB, Lännavägen 7, SE-141 45 Huddinge, Sweden; (S.H.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-70-1731302
| | - Sven Hellberg
- Prosilico AB, Lännavägen 7, SE-141 45 Huddinge, Sweden; (S.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Prosilico AB, Lännavägen 7, SE-141 45 Huddinge, Sweden; (S.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Ta GH, Jhang CS, Weng CF, Leong MK. Development of a Hierarchical Support Vector Regression-Based In Silico Model for Caco-2 Permeability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020174. [PMID: 33525340 PMCID: PMC7911528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption is one of the critical factors that should be taken into account in the process of drug discovery and development. The human colon carcinoma cell layer (Caco-2) model has been frequently used as a surrogate to preliminarily investigate the intestinal absorption. In this study, a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was generated using the innovative machine learning-based hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) scheme to depict the exceedingly confounding passive diffusion and transporter-mediated active transport. The HSVR model displayed good agreement with the experimental values of the training samples, test samples, and outlier samples. The predictivity of HSVR was further validated by a mock test and verified by various stringent statistical criteria. Consequently, this HSVR model can be employed to forecast the Caco-2 permeability to assist drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Huong Ta
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (G.H.T.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Cin-Syong Jhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (G.H.T.); (C.-S.J.)
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China;
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (G.H.T.); (C.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-890-3609
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29
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Yoshida S, Honjo T, Iino K, Ishibe R, Leo S, Shimada T, Watanabe T, Ishikawa M, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Shiraki N, Kume S. Generation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Functional Enterocyte-Like Cells for Pharmacokinetic Studies. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:295-308. [PMID: 33513361 PMCID: PMC7878837 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish an in vitro differentiation procedure to generate matured small intestinal cells mimicking human small intestine from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We previously reported the efficient generation of CDX2-expressing intestinal progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) and (3,5-difluorophenylacetyl)-L-alanyl-L-2-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT) to treat definitive endodermal cells. Here, we demonstrate the generation of enterocyte-like cells by culturing human iPSC-derived intestinal progenitor cells on a collagen vitrigel membrane (CVM) and treating cells with a simple maturation medium containing BIO, DMSO, dexamethasone, and activated vitamin D3. Functional tests further confirmed that these iPSC-derived enterocyte-like cells exhibit P-gp- and BCRP-mediated efflux and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-mediated metabolism. We concluded that hiPS cell-derived enterocyte-like cells can be used as a model for the evaluation of drug transport and metabolism studies in the human small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Yoshida
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan; Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honjo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Iino
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ishibe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sylvia Leo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Shimada
- Analytical Chemistry & Technology, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Watanabe
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Masaya Ishikawa
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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30
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Wang S, Li M, Xu Y, Ran J, Geng X, He J, Meng J, Shao G, Zhou H, Ge Z, Chen G, Li R, Yang B. Discovery of novel diarylamides as orally active diuretics targeting urea transporters. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:181-202. [PMID: 33532188 PMCID: PMC7838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea transporters (UT) play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics. Thus, UT inhibitors are promising for development as novel diuretics. In the present study, a novel UT inhibitor with a diarylamide scaffold was discovered by high-throughput screening. Optimization of the inhibitor led to the identification of a promising preclinical candidate, N-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide (1H), with excellent in vitro UT inhibitory activity at the submicromolar level. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1H against UT-B in mouse, rat, and human erythrocyte were 1.60, 0.64, and 0.13 μmol/L, respectively. Further investigation suggested that 8 μmol/L 1H more powerfully inhibited UT-A1 at a rate of 86.8% than UT-B at a rate of 73.9% in MDCK cell models. Most interestingly, we found for the first time that oral administration of 1H at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed superior diuretic effect in vivo without causing electrolyte imbalance in rats. Additionally, 1H did not exhibit apparent toxicity in vivo and in vitro, and possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. 1H shows promise as a novel diuretic to treat hyponatremia accompanied with volume expansion and may cause few side effects.
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Key Words
- AQP1, aquaporin 1
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CMC-Na, carboxymethylcellulose sodium
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide
- Diuretic
- Fa, fraction absorbance
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HDL-C and LDL-C, high- and low-density lipoprotein
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IMCD, inner medulla collecting duct
- Oral administration
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- Papp, apparent permeability
- Structure optimization
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- UT, urea transporter
- Urea transporter inhibitor
- r.t., room temperature
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31
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Zhang R, Li H, Zhang X, Li J, Su H, Lu Q, Dong G, Dou H, Fan C, Gu Z, Mu Q, Tang W, Xu Y, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinolines derivatives as novel, selective PDE4 inhibitors for antipsoriasis treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113004. [PMID: 33218684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a kind of chronic inflammatory skin disorder, while the long-term use of conventional therapies for this disease are limited by severe adverse effects. Novel small molecules associated with new therapeutic mechanisms are greatly needed. It is known that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses through hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), making PDE4 to be an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis). In our previous work, we identified a series of novel PDE4 inhibitors with a tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold through structure-based drug design, among which compound 1 showed moderate inhibition activity against PDE4. In this study, a series of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were developed based on the crystal structure of PDE4D in complex with compound 1. Anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were evaluated, and compound 36, with high safety, permeability and selectivity, exhibited significant inhibitory potency against the enzymatic activity of PDE4D and the TNF-α release from the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and hPBMCs. Moreover, an in vivo study demonstrated that a topical administration of 36 achieved more significant efficacy than calcipotriol to improve the features of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Overall, our study provides a basis for further development of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based PDE4 inhibitors against psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haixia Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiukai Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huixia Dou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qianwen Mu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yechun Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Synthesis and Evaluation of PEG-PR for Water Flux Correction in an In Situ Rat Perfusion Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25215123. [PMID: 33158074 PMCID: PMC7662639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenol red (PR) is a widely used marker for water flux correction in studies of in situ perfusion, in which intestinal absorption usually leads to the underestimation of results. In this paper, we propose a novel marker polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PR (i.e., PR modified by PEGylation) with less permeability and evaluate its application in an in situ perfusion model in rats. PEG-PR was synthesized by the chemical conjunction of polyethylene glycol-4k/5k (PEG-4k/5k) and PR. The synthesized PEG-PR was then characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ultraviolet (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The low permeability of PEG-PR was assessed using everted gut sac (EGS) methods. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp, 3–8 × 10−7 cm/s) of PEG4k/5k-PR exhibited a nearly 15-fold reduction compared to that of PR. The different concentrations of PEG4k/5k-PR did not contribute to the Papp value or cumulative permeable percentage (about 0.02–0.06%). Furthermore, the larger molecular weight due to PEGylation (PEG5k-PR) enhanced the nonabsorbable effect. To evaluate the potential application of the novel marker, atenolol, ketoprofen, and metoprolol, which represent various biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) classes, were selected as model drugs for the recirculation perfusion method. The water flux corrected by PEG4k/5k-PR reflected the accuracy due to the nonabsorbable effect, while the effective intestinal membrane permeability (Peff) of atenolol corrected by PEG4k/5k-PR showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in different intestinal segments. In conclusion, PEG-PR is a promising marker for the permeability estimation when using the in situ perfusion model in rats.
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Shou WZ. Current status and future directions of high-throughput ADME screening in drug discovery. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:201-208. [PMID: 32612866 PMCID: PMC7322755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade high-throughput in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (HT-ADME) screening has become an essential part of any drug discovery effort of synthetic molecules. The conduct of HT-ADME screening has been "industrialized" due to the extensive development of software and automation tools in cell culture, assay incubation, sample analysis and data analysis. The HT-ADME assay portfolio continues to expand in emerging areas such as drug-transporter interactions, early soft spot identification, and ADME screening of peptide drug candidates. Additionally, thanks to the very large and high-quality HT-ADME data sets available in many biopharma companies, in silico prediction of ADME properties using machine learning has also gained much momentum in recent years. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art practices in HT-ADME screening including assay portfolio, assay automation, sample analysis, data processing, and prediction model building. In addition, we also offer perspectives in future development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Z. Shou
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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Ebert A, Allendorf F, Berger U, Goss KU, Ulrich N. Membrane/Water Partitioning and Permeabilities of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Four of their Alternatives and the Effects on Toxicokinetic Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5051-5061. [PMID: 32212724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The search for alternatives to bioaccumulative perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) is ongoing. New, still highly fluorinated alternatives are produced in hopes of reducing bioaccumulation. To better estimate this bioaccumulative behavior, we performed dialysis experiments and determined membrane/water partition coefficients, Kmem/w, of six perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), three perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids, and four alternatives. We also investigated how passive permeation might influence the uptake kinetics into cells, measuring the passive anionic membrane permeability Pion through planar lipid bilayers for six PFAAs and three alternatives. Experimental Kmem/w and Pion were both predicted well by the COSMO-RS theory (log RMSE 0.61 and 0.46, respectively). Kmem/w values were consistent with the literature data, and alternatives showed similar sorption behavior as PFAAs. Experimental Pion values were high enough to explain observed cellular uptake by passive diffusion with no need to postulate the existence of active uptake processes. However, predicted pKa and neutral permeabilities suggest that also the permeation of the neutral species should be significant in case of PFCAs. This can have direct consequences on the steady-state distribution of PFAAs across cell membranes and thus toxicity. Consequently, we propose a model to predict pH-dependent baseline toxicity based on Kmem/w, which considers the permeation of both neutral and anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Flora Allendorf
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Yoshida S, Miwa H, Kawachi T, Kume S, Takahashi K. Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5989. [PMID: 32249832 PMCID: PMC7136241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption via the intestinal tissue is modulated by membrane permeability and metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In drug discovery research, using human IECs to evaluate membrane permeability and metabolic stability can offer very useful information when exploring for drug candidate compounds that have good bioavailability and when trying to predict the fraction absorbed and intestinal availability in humans. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic functions of human IECs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 3D cultures. As human IECs differentiated in 3D cultures form intestinal organoids and spheroids (herein termed organoids), their morphology makes it difficult to evaluate their pharmacokinetic functions. Therefore, we dissociated intestinal organoids into single cells and attempted to purify human IECs. We found that hiPSC-derived IECs (hiPSC-IECs) expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and could be highly purified by sorting EpCAM+ cells. The hiPSC-IEC monolayer showed a high TEER value (approximately 350 Ω × cm2). In addition, hiPSC-IECs oxidatively metabolized terfenadine (CYP3A and CYP2J2 substrate) and midazolam (CYP3A substrate). These results indicated that hiPSC-IECs form tight-junction and have cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities. In conclusion, we developed a novel application of hiPSC-derived intestinal organoids for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Drug Discovery Technologies, Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawachi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Drug Discovery Technologies, Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
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Su H, Zou Y, Chen G, Dou H, Xie H, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhang N, Li M, Xu Y. Exploration of Fragment Binding Poses Leading to Efficient Discovery of Highly Potent and Orally Effective Inhibitors of FABP4 for Anti-inflammation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4090-4106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixia Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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O’Dwyer PJ, Imanidis G, Box KJ, Reppas C. On the Usefulness of Two Small-Scale In Vitro Setups in the Evaluation of Luminal Precipitation of Lipophilic Weak Bases in Early Formulation Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030272. [PMID: 32188116 PMCID: PMC7151110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A small-scale biphasic dissolution setup and a small-scale dissolution-permeation (D-P) setup were evaluated for their usefulness in simulating the luminal precipitation of three lipophilic weak bases—dipyridamole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. The transition from the gastric to intestinal environment was incorporated into both experimental procedures. Emulsification during the biphasic dissolution experiments had a minimal impact on the data, when appropriate risk mitigation steps were incorporated. Precipitation parameters estimated from the in vitro data were inputted into the Simcyp® physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling software and simulated human plasma profiles were compared with previously published pharmacokinetic data. Average Cmax and AUC values estimated using experimentally derived precipitation parameters from the biphasic experiments deviated from corresponding published actual values less than values estimated using the default simulator parameters for precipitation. The slow rate of transport through the biomimetic membrane in the D-P setup limited its usefulness in forecasting the rates of in vivo precipitation used in the modelling of average plasma profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. O’Dwyer
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl J. Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4678; Fax: +30-210-727-4027
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38
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Biopartitioning micellar chromatography under different conditions: Insight into the retention mechanism and the potential to model biological processes. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461027. [PMID: 32276854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 88 structurally- diverse drugs were investigated by biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) using Brij-35 as surfactant under different chromatographic conditions. It was found that temperature and presence of NaCl have only a minor effect in BMC retention. Correlation of BMC retention factors with octanol-water partitioning required the inclusion of fractions of ionized species as additional parameters, showing that there is a weaker effect of ionization in BMC environment. Compared to Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) Chromatography, BMC retention factors cover a relatively narrow span, two-fold smaller than retention factors on IAM stationary phases as a result of the presence of micelles facilitating elution of lipophilic compounds and the absence of secondary attractive electrostatic interactions in the BMC environment. Similarities/dissimilarities between BMC, octanol-water partitioning and IAM Chromatography were investigated by Linear Free Energy Relationships (LSER). BMC retention factors were used to construct relationships with cell permeability,% Human Oral Absorption (%HOA) and Plasma Protein Binding (%PPB). Linear BMC models were obtained with Caco-2 cell lines and Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA). For %HOA, a hyperbolic model was established upon incorporation of topological polar surface area (tPSA) as additional parameter. A sigmoidal model was constructed for %PPB and a linear one for the corresponding thermodynamic binding constant logK. In both cases inclusion of the fraction of anionic species with a positive sign was required reflecting the preference of human albumin for acidic drugs.
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Volpe DA. Advances in cell-based permeability assays to screen drugs for intestinal absorption. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:539-549. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1735347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna A. Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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40
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Corazza FG, Ernesto JV, Nambu FA, de Carvalho LR, Leite-Silva VR, Varca GH, Calixto LA, Vieira DP, Andréo-Filho N, Lopes PS. Papain-cyclodextrin complexes as an intestinal permeation enhancer: Permeability and in vitro safety evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Kamiya Y, Takaku H, Yamada R, Akase C, Abe Y, Sekiguchi Y, Murayama N, Shimizu M, Kitajima M, Shono F, Funatsu K, Yamazaki H. Determination and prediction of permeability across intestinal epithelial cell monolayer of a diverse range of industrial chemicals/drugs for estimation of oral absorption as a putative marker of hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:149-154. [PMID: 31993333 PMCID: PMC6976901 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeability values of 90 industry chemicals were measured by a Caco-2 system. A multivariate prediction equation for permeability of chemicals was proposed. Chemical permeability coefficients were inversely associated with hepatic NOELs.
Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) across a human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer were measured for a range of industrial/drug chemicals. A predictive equation for determining in vitro Papp values of fifty-six substances was set up using multivariate regression analysis based on in silico-estimated physicochemical properties (molecular weights and water distribution coefficients for apical and basal pH environments) (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). Predicted logPapp values of a secondary set of 34 compounds were correlated with the measured values. Under the medicinal logPapp values associated with their reported fraction absorbed, a significant inverse non-linear correlation was found between the logarithmic transformed values of observed Papp values and reported hepatic no-observed-effect levels of industrial chemicals (r = –0.55, p < 0.01, n = 29). In vitro determination and/or in silico prediction of permeability across intestinal cells could be effective for estimating oral absorption as a putative indicator for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kamiya
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroka Takaku
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Rio Yamada
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Chisato Akase
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuto Abe
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | | | - Fumiaki Shono
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kimito Funatsu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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42
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Zhang J, Penny J, Lu JR. Development of a novel in vitro 3D intestinal model for permeability evaluations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:549-562. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1700940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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de Castro LML, de Souza J, Caldeira TG, de Carvalho Mapa B, Soares AFM, Pegorelli BG, Della Croce CC, Barcellos NMS. The Evaluation of Valsartan Biopharmaceutics Properties. Curr Drug Res Rev 2019; 12:52-62. [PMID: 31820707 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191210151120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solubility, intestinal permeability and dissolution are the main factors that govern the rate and extent of drugs absorption and are directly related to bioavailability. Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is an important tool which uses in vitro results for comparison with bioavailability in vivo (biowaiver). Valsartan is widely used in the treatment of hypertension and shows different BCS classification in the literature (BCS class II or III). OBJECTIVE This work proposes the study of valsartan biopharmaceutics properties and its BCS classification. METHODS High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated to quantify the drug in buffers pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 respectively. Valsartan solubility was determined in these three different media using shake flask method and intrinsic dissolution rate. Evaluation of dissolution profile from coated tablets was conducted. RESULTS The low solubility (pH 1.2 and 4.5) and high solubility (pH 6.8) were observed for both solubility methods. Permeability data reported from the literature showed that valsartan is a low permeability drug. Valsartan presented the rapid release profile only in pH 6.8. CONCLUSION We defined that valsartan is a class IV drug, in disagreement with what has been published so far. It is important to emphasize that the conditions considered here are indicated to define the biopharmaceutics classification by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Lopes de Castro
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires Guedes Caldeira
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Carvalho Mapa
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Flávia Matos Soares
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gomes Pegorelli
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Della Croce
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neila Márcia Silva Barcellos
- Quality Control Laboratory-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-CiPharma, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bednarczyk D, Sanghvi MV. The impact of assay recovery on the apparent permeability, a function of lysosomal trapping. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:753-760. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1691284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Bednarczyk
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Menaka V Sanghvi
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
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45
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Sobral MM, Faria MA, Cunha SC, Miladinovic B, Ferreira IMPLVO. Transport of mycotoxins across human gastric NCI–N87 and intestinal Caco-2 cell models. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers by CDX2 Transduction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:513-526. [PMID: 31228606 PMCID: PMC6722387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To develop an effective and safe orally administered drug, it is important to predict its intestinal absorption rate, intestinal first-pass effect, and drug-drug interactions of orally administered drugs. However, there is no existing model to comprehensively predict the intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response of orally administered drugs. In this study, we attempted to generate homogenous and functional intestinal epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for pharmaceutical research. METHODS We generated almost-homogenous Villin- and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1)-positive intestinal epithelial cells by caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) transduction into human iPS cell-derived intestinal progenitor cells. RESULTS The drug absorption rates in human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (iPS-IECM) were highly correlated with those in humans (R2=0.91). The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, a dominant drug-metabolizing enzyme in the small intestine, in human iPS-IECM were similar to those in human small intestine in vivo. In addition, intestinal availability in human iPS-IECM (the fraction passing the gut wall: Fg=0.73) was more similar to that in the human small intestine in vivo (Fg=0.57) than to that in Caco-2 cells (Fg=0.99), a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Moreover, the drug-drug interaction and drug-food interaction could be observed by using our human iPS-IECM in the presence of an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A4, i.e., rifampicin and grape fruit juice, respectively. CONCLUSION Taking these results together, we succeeded in generating the human iPS-IECM that can be applied to various intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response tests of orally administered drugs.
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Jarc T, Novak M, Hevir N, Rižner TL, Kreft ME, Kristan K. Demonstrating suitability of the Caco-2 cell model for BCS-based biowaiver according to the recent FDA and ICH harmonised guidelines. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:1231-1242. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
According to the regulatory guidelines, one of the critical steps in using in-vitro permeability methods for permeability classification is to demonstrate the suitability of the method. Here, suitability of the permeability method by using a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells was verified with different criteria.
Methods
Imaging with a transmission electron microscope was used for characterisation of the cells. Monolayer integrity was confirmed by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and permeability of zero permeability marker compounds. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate expression levels of 84 known transporters. Samples for bidirectional permeability determination were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.
Key findings
The Caco-2 cells grow in an intact monolayer and morphologically resemble enterocytes. Genes of 84 known transporters were expressed at different levels; furthermore, expression was time depended. Functional expression of efflux transporter P-glycoprotein was confirmed. We established a correlation between permeability coefficients of 21 tested drug substances ranging from low, moderate and high absorption with human fraction absorbed literature data (R2 = 0.84).
Conclusions
Assay standardisation assures the consistency of experimental data. Only such fully characterised model has the ability to accurately predict drug's intestinal permeability at the early stage of research or for the BCS-based biowaiver application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jarc
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Neli Hevir
- Biopharma Process & Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Kristan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals, d.d., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang X, Dong G, Li H, Chen W, Li J, Feng C, Gu Z, Zhu F, Zhang R, Li M, Tang W, Liu H, Xu Y. Structure-Aided Identification and Optimization of Tetrahydro-isoquinolines as Novel PDE4 Inhibitors Leading to Discovery of an Effective Antipsoriasis Agent. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5579-5593. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangyu Dong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Heng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cai X, Madari S, Walker A, Paiva A, Li Y, Herbst J, Shou W, Weller H. Addition of Optimized Bovine Serum Albumin Level in a High-Throughput Caco-2 Assay Enabled Accurate Permeability Assessment for Lipophilic Compounds. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:738-744. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555219848483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Caco-2 permeability assay is a well-accepted in vitro model to evaluate compounds’ potential for oral absorption at early discovery. However, for many lipophilic compounds, no meaningful Caco-2 data could be generated due to their low solubility in assay buffer and/or poor recovery from the assay. In our previous study, we reported an organic catch approach to improve compound recovery. To further reduce compound loss and increase solubility in aqueous buffer, we explored the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA). However, in contrast to the commonly used BSA level at 4%, a lower level of BSA was selected in an effort to minimize the potential risk of missing the identification of efflux substrates, and to avoid the extensive sample cleanup needed for 4% BSA. Through a systematic evaluation, it was found that 0.5% BSA was effective in enhancing compound solubility and reducing nonspecific binding, which allowed reliable assessment of the permeability and efflux potential for lipophilic compounds. Also, with an optimized sample handling process, no extra sample cleanup was required before liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The implementation of this assay has enabled accurate permeability assessment for compounds that had poor solubility and/or poor mass balance under the non-BSA assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Cai
- Synthesis and Analytical Technology Team, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Shilpa Madari
- Lead Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Aaron Walker
- Lead Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Anthony Paiva
- Synthesis and Analytical Technology Team, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Synthesis and Analytical Technology Team, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - John Herbst
- Lead Discovery & Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Wilson Shou
- Synthesis and Analytical Technology Team, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
| | - Harold Weller
- Synthesis and Analytical Technology Team, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, USA
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Mauro M, De Grandis RA, Campos ML, Bauermeister A, Peccinini RG, Pavan FR, Lopes NP, De Moraes NV. Acid diterpenes from Copaiba oleoresin (Copaifera langsdorffii): Chemical and plasma stability and intestinal permeability using Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:183-189. [PMID: 30763698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Copaiba oleoresin has been used in folk medicine in the treatment of bronchitis, syphilis, skin diseases and ulcers due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activities, but there is no information about major compounds oral absorption to support the traditional use. AIM OF STUDY Considering the potential of copalic (CA) and kaurenoic acid (KA) - major biological activity (in vitro) diterpenes found in the oleoresin, this study aimed to evaluate the intestinal permeability of CA and KA using Caco-2 cells model as predictive test for oral drug absorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical stability at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and plasma stability were evaluated to mimic physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal permeability of CA and KA was evaluated in Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil. RESULTS CA and KA were rapidly degraded at pH 1.2 (0.2 M Clark-Lubs buffer). At pH 7.4 (0.1 M phosphate buffer), CA was stable for up to 24 h and KA for up to 6 h. In human plasma, CA and KA can be considered stable for 24 h and 12 h at 37 °C, respectively. Caco-2 cells were considered viable when incubated with CA or KA in the range of 3.9-250 μM for 24 h. CA and KA exhibited moderate apparent permeability (Papp) of 4.67 (±0.08) × 10-6 cm/s and 4.66 (±0.04) × 10-6 cm/s, respectively. Simultaneous incubation with verapamil showed that P-glycoprotein does not play a relevant role on CA and KA oral absorption, with Papp of 4.48 (±0.26) × 10-6 cm/s and 5.37 (±0.72) × 10-6 cm/s observed for CA and KA, respectively. CONCLUSION The oral absorption of both CA and KA is driven by mainly passive permeability, is not limited by p-glycoprotein, but enteric-coated dosage forms should be used to avoid chemical instability in the gastric pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mauro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP ZIP 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - R A De Grandis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP ZIP 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - M L Campos
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - A Bauermeister
- University of Sao Paulo (USP), NPPNS, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP ZIP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - R G Peccinini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP ZIP 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - F R Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP ZIP 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - N P Lopes
- University of Sao Paulo (USP), NPPNS, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP ZIP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - N V De Moraes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP ZIP 14801-902, Brazil.
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