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Mitra P, Kasliwala R, Iboki L, Madari S, Williams Z, Takahashi R, Taub ME. Mechanistic Static Model based Prediction of Transporter Substrate Drug-Drug Interactions Utilizing Atorvastatin and Rifampicin. Pharm Res 2023; 40:3025-3042. [PMID: 37821766 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An in vitro relative activity factor (RAF) technique combined with mechanistic static modeling was examined to predict drug-drug interaction (DDI) magnitude and analyze contributions of different clearance pathways in complex DDIs involving transporter substrates. Atorvastatin and rifampicin were used as a model substrate and inhibitor pair. METHODS In vitro studies were conducted with transfected HEK293 cells, hepatocytes and human liver microsomes. Prediction success was defined as predictions being within twofold of observations. RESULTS The RAF method successfully translated atorvastatin uptake from transfected cells to hepatocytes, demonstrating its ability to quantify transporter contributions to uptake. Successful translation of atorvastatin's in vivo intrinsic hepatic clearance (CLint,h,in vivo) from hepatocytes to liver was only achieved through consideration of albumin facilitated uptake or through application of empirical scaling factors to transporter-mediated clearances. Transporter protein expression differences between hepatocytes and liver did not affect CLint,h,in vivo predictions. By integrating cis and trans inhibition of OATP1B1/OATP1B3, atorvastatin-rifampicin (single dose) DDI magnitude could be accurately predicted (predictions within 0.77-1.0 fold of observations). Simulations indicated that concurrent inhibition of both OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 caused approximately 80% of atorvastatin exposure increases (AUCR) in the presence of rifampicin. Inhibiting biliary elimination, hepatic metabolism, OATP2B1, NTCP, and basolateral efflux are predicted to have minimal to no effect on AUCR. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the effective application of a RAF-based translation method combined with mechanistic static modeling for transporter substrate DDI predictions and subsequent mechanistic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Mitra
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Old Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA.
| | - Rumanah Kasliwala
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Laeticia Iboki
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Shilpa Madari
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Zachary Williams
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitchell E Taub
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
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2
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Hou Z, Zhang L, Guo X, Li H, Li X, Dong J, Zhang G, Liu D. A method for quantification of human transporter proteins by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hou
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
- Medical Metabolomics Center Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research Peking University Third Hospital Beijing P. R. China
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3
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Jiang F, Zhang C, Lu Z, Liu J, Liu P, Huang M, Zhong G. Simultaneous absolute protein quantification of seven cytochrome P450 isoforms in rat liver microsomes by LC-MS/MS-based isotope internal standard method. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906027. [PMID: 36059965 PMCID: PMC9428253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a pivotal role in drug metabolism. LC-MS/MS-based targeting technology has been applied to the analysis of CYP enzymes, promoting drug development and drug-drug interaction studies. Rat is one of the most commonly used models for drug metabolism assessment, but LC-MS/MS assay quantifying the abundance of CYP enzymes in rats is rarely reported. Herein, an accurate and stable LC-MS/MS based method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of seven major rat CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, 2B1, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2E1, and 3A1) in liver microsomes. The careful optimization of trypsin digestion and chromatography combined with isotope-labeled peptide as internal standard improved the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis. Highly specific surrogate peptides were obtained by a procedure including trypsin digestion for six hours and separated on a Hypersil Gold C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) using gradient elution for 15 min with a mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. In the method validation, linearity, matrix effect, recovery, stability, accuracy, and precision all meet the requirements. Subsequently, this method was applied to detect seven enzymes in rat liver microsomes from four different sources, and the correlation between the abundance and activity of CYP enzymes was further analyzed. The high-throughput detection method provided in this study will provide support for pertinent pharmaceutical research based on rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Huang, ; Guoping Zhong,
| | - Guoping Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Huang, ; Guoping Zhong,
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4
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Savaryn JP, Sun J, Ma J, Jenkins GJ, Stresser DM. Broad application of CYP3A4 LC-MS protein quantification in hepatocyte cytochrome P450 induction assays identifies nonuniformity in mRNA and protein induction responses. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:105-113. [PMID: 34857529 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction potential is routine in drug development. Induction results in a net increase in CYP protein and is assessed typically by measuring indirect endpoints, i.e., enzyme activity and mRNA in vitro. Recent methodological advancements have made CYP protein quantification by LC-MS in in vitro induction studies more accessible and amenable to routine testing. In this study, we evaluated CYP3A4 concentration dependence of induction response for 11 compounds (rifampin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, efavirenz, nitrendipine, flumazenil, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone, pazopanib, and ticagrelor) in plated hepatocytes from two or three donors incorporating in the assessment all three endpoints. In addition, the time-dependence of the induction was examined over 1, 2 or 3 days of treatment. For most compounds, mRNA, enzyme activity and protein endpoints exhibited similarity in induction responses. Pazopanib and ticagrelor were notable exceptions as neither protein nor enzyme activity were induced despite mRNA induction of a magnitude similar to efavirenz, pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, which clearly induced in all three endpoints. Static modeling of clinical induction responses supported a role for protein as a predictive endpoint. These data highlight the value of including CYP protein quantification as an induction assay endpoint to provide a more comprehensive assessment of induction liability. Significance Statement Direct, LC-MS-based quantification of CYP protein is a desirable induction assay endpoint, however the application of protein as an endpoint has been limited due to inefficient workflows. Here, we incorporate recent advancements in protein quantitation methods to efficiently quantify CYP3A4 protein in in vitro induction assays with 11 compounds in up to 3 donors. The data indicate induction responses from mRNA do not always align with those of protein suggesting assessment of induction liability is more complex than thought previously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junli Ma
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie, United States
| | - Gary J Jenkins
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanal, AbbVie, United States
| | - David M Stresser
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie, United States of America, AbbVie, United States
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5
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Miyauchi Y, Takechi S, Ishii Y. Functional Interaction between Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane: One of Post-translational Factors Which Possibly Contributes to Their Inter-Individual Differences. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1635-1644. [PMID: 34719641 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) catalyze oxidation and glucuronidation in drug metabolism, respectively. It is believed that P450 and UGT work separately because they perform distinct reactions and exhibit opposite membrane topologies on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, given that some chemicals are sequentially metabolized by P450 and UGT, it is reasonable to consider that the enzymes may interact and work cooperatively. Previous research by our team detected protein-protein interactions between P450 and UGT by analyzing solubilized rat liver microsomes with P450-immobilized affinity column chromatography. Although P450 and UGT have been known to form homo- and hetero-oligomers, this is the first report indicating a P450-UGT association. Based on our previous study, we focused on the P450-UGT interaction and reported lines of evidence that the P450-UGT association is a functional protein-protein interaction that can alter the enzymatic capabilities, including enhancement or suppression of the activities of P450 and UGT, helping UGT to acquire novel regioselectivity, and inhibiting substrate binding to P450. Biochemical and molecular bioscientific approaches suggested that P450 and UGT interact with each other at their internal hydrophobic domains in the ER membrane. Furthermore, several in vivo studies have reported the presence of a functional P450-UGT association under physiological conditions. The P450-UGT interaction is expected to function as a novel post-translational factor for inter-individual differences in the drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Miyauchi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University.,Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Shinji Takechi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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6
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Wenzel C, Drozdzik M, Oswald S. Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics method for the quantification of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in human specimens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122891. [PMID: 34390906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation by phase I and II metabolizing enzymes represents the major determinant for the oral bioavailability of many drugs. To estimate the pharmacokinetics, data on protein abundance of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, such as the small intestine, are required. Targeted proteomics assays are nowadays state-of-the-art for absolute protein quantification and several methods for quantification of drug metabolizing enzymes have been published. However, some enzymes remain still uncovered by the analytical spectra of those methods. Therefore, we developed and validated a quantification assay for two carboxylesterases (CES-1, CES-2), 17 cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP4F2, CYP4F12, CYP4A11) and five UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, UGT2B17). Protein quantification was performed by analyzing proteospecific surrogate peptides after tryptic digestion with stable isotope-labelled standards. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex® 2.6 µm C18 100 Å core-shell column (100 × 2.1 mm) with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with a flow rate of 200 µl/min. Three mass transitions were simultaneously monitored with a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method for each analyte and standard. The method was partly validated according to current bioanalytical guidelines and met the criteria regarding linearity (0.1-25 nmol/L), within-day and between-day accuracy and precision as well as multiple stability criteria. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine the abundance of the aforementioned enzymes in human intestinal und liver microsomes. Our work offers a new fit for purpose method for the absolute quantification of CES, CYPs and UGTs in various human tissues and can be used for the acquisition of data for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Transporter tandems: precise tools for normalizing active transporter in the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2021; 477:4191-4206. [PMID: 33073844 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transport efficiency (TE) describes the performance of a transport protein for a specific substrate. To compare the TE of different transporters, the number of active transporters in the plasma membrane must be monitored, as it may vary for each transporter and experiment. Available methods, like LC-MS quantification of tryptic peptides, fail to discriminate inactive intracellular transporters or, like cell-surface biotinylation followed by affinity chromatography and Western blotting, are imprecise and very laborious. We wanted to normalize active transporters by the activity of a second transporter. A transporter tandem, generated by joining two transporter cDNAs into a single open reading frame, should guarantee a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. Here we created a series of tandems with different linkers between the human ergothioneine (ET) transporter ETT (gene symbol SLC22A4) and organic cation transporter OCT2 (SLC22A2). The linker sequence strongly affected the expression strength. The stoichiometry was validated by absolute peptide quantification and untargeted peptide analysis. Compared with wild-type ETT, the normalized ET clearance of the natural variant L503F was higher (f = 1.34); G462E was completely inactive. The general usefulness of the tandem strategy was demonstrated by linking several transporters with ETT; every construct was active in both parts. Transporter tandems can be used - without membrane isolation or protein quantification - as precise tools for transporter number normalization, to identify, for example, relevant transporters for a drug. It is necessary, however, to find suitable linkers, to check the order of transporters, and to verify the absence of functional interference by saturation kinetics.
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8
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Savaryn JP, Liu N, Sun J, Ma J, Stresser DM, Jenkins G. Enrichment-free High-throughput Liquid Chromatography–Multiple-Reaction Monitoring Quantification of Cytochrome P450 Proteins in Plated Human Hepatocytes Direct from 96-Well Plates Enables Routine Protein Induction Measurements. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:594-602. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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9
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Membrane Transporters in Human Parotid Gland-Targeted Proteomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194825. [PMID: 31569384 PMCID: PMC6801960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands provide secretory functions, including secretion of xenobiotics and among them drugs. However, there is no published information about protein abundance of drug transporters measured using reliable protein quantification methods. Therefore, mRNA expression and absolute protein content of clinically relevant ABC (n = 6) and SLC (n = 15) family member transporters in the human parotid gland, using the qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) method, were studied. The abundance of nearly all measured proteins ranged between 0.04 and 0.45 pmol/mg (OCT3 > MRP1 > PEPT2 > MRP4 > MATE1 > BCRP). mRNAs of ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC3, SLC10A1, SLC10A2, SLC22A1, SLC22A5, SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 were not detected. The present study provides, for the first time, information about the protein abundance of membrane transporters in the human parotid gland, which could further be used to define salivary bidirectional transport (absorption and secretion) mechanisms of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.
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10
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Development and validation of an absolute protein assay for the simultaneous quantification of fourteen CYP450s in human microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Lloret-Linares C, Daali Y, Abbara C, Carette C, Bouillot JL, Vicaut E, Czernichow S, Declèves X. CYP450 activities before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: correlation with their intestinal and liver content. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:1299-1310. [PMID: 31262651 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Émond JP, Labriet A, Desjardins S, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Hovington H, Brisson H, Lacombe L, Simonyan D, Caron P, Périgny M, Têtu B, Fallon JK, Klein K, Smith PC, Zanger UM, Guillemette C, Lévesque E. Factors Affecting Interindividual Variability of Hepatic UGT2B17 Protein Expression Examined Using a Novel Specific Monoclonal Antibody. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:444-452. [PMID: 30819787 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of the metabolic enzyme uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) UGT2B17 has been hampered by the high sequence identity with other UGT2B enzymes (as high as 94%) and by the lack of a specific antibody. Knowing the significance of the UGT2B17 pathway in drug and hormone metabolism and cancer, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody (EL-2B17mAb), initially validated by the lack of detection in liver microsomes of an individual carrying no UGT2B17 gene copy and in supersomes expressing UGT2B enzymes. Immunohistochemical detection in livers revealed strong labeling of bile ducts and variable labeling of hepatocytes. Expression levels assessed by immunoblotting were highly correlated to mass spectrometry-based quantification (r = 0.93), and three major expression patterns (absent, low, or high) were evidenced. Livers with very low expression were carriers of the functional rs59678213 G variant, located in the binding site for the transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) of the UGT2B17 promoter. The highest level of expression was observed for individuals carrying at least one rs59678213 A allele. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the number of gene copies explained only 8% of UGT2B17 protein expression, 49% when adding rs59678213, reaching 54% when including sex. The novel EL-2B17mAb antibody allowed specific UGT2B17 quantification and exposed different patterns of hepatic expression. It further suggests that FOXA1 is a key driver of UGT2B17 expression in the liver. The availability of this molecular tool will help characterize the UGT2B17 level in various disease states and establish more precisely the contribution of the UGT2B17 enzyme to drug and hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Émond
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Adrien Labriet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Desjardins
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Hervé Brisson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - David Simonyan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Patrick Caron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Martine Périgny
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - John K Fallon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Philip C Smith
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Eric Lévesque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
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13
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Shi J, Wang X, Lyu L, Jiang H, Zhu HJ. Comparison of protein expression between human livers and the hepatic cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 using SWATH and MRM-HR proteomics: Focusing on drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:133-140. [PMID: 29610054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatic cell lines are widely used as an in vitro model for the study of drug metabolism and liver toxicity. However, the validity of this model is still a subject of debate because the expressions of various proteins in the cell lines, including drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), can differ significantly from those in human livers. In the present study, we first conducted an untargeted proteomics analysis of the microsomes of the cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7, and compared them to human livers using a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) method. Furthermore, high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-HR), a targeted proteomic approach, was utilized to compare the expressions of pre-selected DMEs between human livers and the cell lines. In general, the SWATH quantifications were in good agreement with the MRM-HR analysis. Over 3000 protein groups were quantified in the cells and human livers, and the proteome profiles of human livers significantly differed from the cell lines. Among the 101 DMEs quantified with MRM-HR, most were expressed at substantially lower levels in the cell lines. Thus, appropriate caution must be exercised when using these cell lines for the study of hepatic drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Lingyun Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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14
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Vildhede A, Nguyen C, Erickson BK, Kunz RC, Jones R, Kimoto E, Bourbonais F, Rodrigues AD, Varma MV. Comparison of Proteomic Quantification Approaches for Hepatic Drug Transporters: Multiplexed Global Quantitation Correlates with Targeted Proteomic Quantitation. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:692-696. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Schaefer M, Morinaga G, Matsui A, Schänzle G, Bischoff D, Süssmuth RD. Quantitative Expression of Hepatobiliary Transporters and Functional Uptake of Substrates in Hepatic Two-Dimensional Sandwich Cultures: A Comparative Evaluation of Upcyte and Primary Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 46:166-177. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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16
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Miura T, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuka H, Fukase K, Nakayama S, Sakata N, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Katayose Y, Uchida Y, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Unno M. Application of Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics to Profile Protein Expression Changes of Hepatic Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes During Cholic Acid-Promoted Liver Regeneration. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Wang L, Rubadue KJ, Alberts J, Bedwell DW, Ruterbories KJ. Development of a rapid and sensitive multiple reaction monitoring proteomic approach for quantification of transporters in human liver tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:356-363. [PMID: 28800539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge on the role of hepatic transporters in drug disposition, numerous efforts have been described to quantify the expression of human hepatic transporters. However, reported quantitative proteomic approaches often require long analysis times. Additionally, greater assay sensitivity is still necessary for less abundant transporters or limited quantity of samples (e.g. hepatocytes and liver tissue). In the present study, an LC-MS/MS method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of 12 hepatic transporters (BCRP, BSEP, MATE1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, NTCP, OATP1B1, 1B3, 2B1, OCT1, and P-gp) was developed. Using a high LC flow rate (1.5mL/min) and fast LC gradient (4min total cycle time), the run time was markedly reduced to 4min, which was much shorter than most previously published assays. Chromatographic separation was achieved using ACE UltraCore SuperC18 50mm×2.1mm 5-μm HPLC column. In addition, greater analytical sensitivity was achieved with both high LC flow rate/fast LC gradient and post-column infusion of ethylene glycol. The on-column LLOQ for signature peptides in this method ranged from 0.194 to 0.846 femtomoles. The impact of five protein solubilizers, including extraction buffer II of ProteoExtract Native Membrane Protein Extraction Kit, 3% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, 20% (v/v) Invitrosol, 0.2% (w/v) RapiGest SF, and 10% (w/v) formamide on total membrane protein extraction and trypsin digestion was investigated. Sodium deoxycholate was chosen because of good total membrane protein extraction and trypsin digestion efficiency, as well as no significant MS interference. Good precision (within 15% coefficient of variation) and accuracy (within ±15% bias), and inter-day trypsin digestion efficiency (within 28% coefficient of variation) was observed for quality controls. This method can quantify human hepatic transporter expression in a high-throughput manner and due to the increased sensitivity can be used to investigate the down-regulation of hepatic transporter protein (e.g., different ethnic groups and liver disease patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Kasi J Rubadue
- Advanced Testing Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey Alberts
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David W Bedwell
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth J Ruterbories
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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18
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Chen B, Liu L, Ho H, Chen Y, Yang Z, Liang X, Payandeh J, Dean B, Hop CECA, Deng Y. Strategies of Drug Transporter Quantitation by LC-MS: Importance of Peptide Selection and Digestion Efficiency. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1469-1478. [PMID: 28589509 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Huge variation of drug transporter abundance was seen in the literature, making PBPK prediction difficult when transporters play a major role. Among multiple factors such as membrane fraction, digestion, and peptide selection that contributed to such variation, peptide selection is the least discussed. Herein, a strategy was established by using a small amount of purified protein standard to select a peptide with near 100% digestion efficiency for quantitation of a transporter protein MDR1. The impact of native membrane protein's tertiary structure on the digestion efficiency of surrogate peptides of MDR1 was investigated. Peptides in more solvent accessible regions are found to be digested much more efficiently than those in large stretches of helical structures. The concentration of peptide EALDESIPPVSFWR(EAL) in the most solvent accessible linker region of MDR1 was found closest to the true protein concentration. When using EAL for MDR1 quantitation, the abundance is over 10 times higher than previously reported, indicating the importance of peptide selection for transporter quantitation. In addition, this study also proposes a screening strategy to select peptides appropriate for relative quantitation for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation in the absence of any protein standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Chen
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Liling Liu
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Hoangdung Ho
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Ze Yang
- Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Yuzhong Deng
- Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
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19
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Chen J, Zhu L, Li X, Zheng H, Yan T, Xie C, Zeng S, Yu J, Jiang H, Lu L, Qi X, Wang Y, Hu M, Liu Z. High-Throughput and Reliable Isotope Label-free Approach for Profiling 24 Metabolic Enzymes in FVB Mice and Sex Differences. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:624-634. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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20
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Hirayama-Kurogi M, Takizawa Y, Kunii Y, Matsumoto J, Wada A, Hino M, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Yamamoto S, Kondo T, Ito S, Tachikawa M, Niwa SI, Yabe H, Terasaki T, Setou M, Ohtsuki S. Downregulation of GNA13-ERK network in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia brain identified by combined focused and targeted quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2017; 158:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Cieślak A, Kelly I, Trottier J, Verreault M, Wunsch E, Milkiewicz P, Poirier G, Droit A, Barbier O. Selective and sensitive quantification of the cytochrome P450 3A4 protein in human liver homogenates through multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2016; 16:2827-2837. [PMID: 27634100 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at establishing a sensitive multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) method for the quantification of the drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 enzyme in human liver homogenates. Liver samples were subjected to trypsin digestion. MRM-MS analyses were performed using three transitions optimized on one purified synthetic peptide unique to CYP3A4 and the standardizing protein, calnexin. Coefficient of variations for the precision and reproducibility of the MRM-MS measurement were also determined. The method was applied to liver samples from ten non-cholestatic donors and 34 cholestatic patients with primary biliary cholangitis (n = 12; PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 10; PSC) or alcoholic liver disease (n = 12; ALD). The established method presented high sensitivity with limit of detection lower than 5 fmol, and was successfully applied for the absolute and relative quantification of CYP3A4 in both whole liver homogenate and microsomal fractions. When all groups were analyzed together, a significant correlation was observed for the MRM-based CYP3A4 protein quantification in homogenates and microsomes (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was detected between CYP3A4 levels in PSC, PBC, ALD and control samples. Finally, the MRM-MS quantification of CYP3A4 in homogenates also correlated (r = 0.44; p < 0.05) with the level of enzyme activity in the same samples, as determined by measuring the chenodeoxycholic to hyocholic acid conversion. The established method provides a sensitive tool to evaluate the CYP3A4 protein in human liver homogenates from patients with normal or chronic/severe hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cieślak
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Kelly
- Proteomics Platform of the Québec Genomics Center, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Liver Research Laboratories, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver Research Laboratories, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guy Poirier
- Proteomics Platform of the Québec Genomics Center, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Proteomics Platform of the Québec Genomics Center, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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22
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Prasad B, Gaedigk A, Vrana M, Gaedigk R, Leeder JS, Salphati L, Chu X, Xiao G, Hop C, Evers R, Gan L, Unadkat JD. Ontogeny of Hepatic Drug Transporters as Quantified by LC-MS/MS Proteomics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:362-70. [PMID: 27301780 PMCID: PMC5017908 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein expression of major hepatic uptake and efflux drug transporters in human pediatric (n = 69) and adult (n = 41) livers was quantified by liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Transporter protein expression of OCT1, OATP1B3, P-gp, and MRP3 was age-dependent. Particularly, significant differences were observed in transporter expression (P < 0.05) between the following age groups: neonates vs. adults (OCT1, OATP1B3, P-gp), neonates or infants vs. adolescents and/or adults (OCT1, OATP1B3, and P-gp), infants vs. children (OATP1B3 and P-gp), and adolescents vs. adults (MRP3). OCT1 showed the largest increase, of almost 5-fold, in protein expression with age. Ontogenic expression of OATP1B1 was confounded by genotype and was revealed only in livers harboring SLCO1B1*1A/*1A. In livers >1 year, tissues harboring SLCO1B1*14/*1A showed 2.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) protein expression than SLCO1B1*15/*1A. Integration of these ontogeny data in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models will be a crucial step in predicting hepatic drug disposition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - A Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - M Vrana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - J S Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - L Salphati
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - X Chu
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - G Xiao
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ceca Hop
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - R Evers
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - L Gan
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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23
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Hardwick JP. Cytochrome P450 Function and Pharmacological Roles in Inflammation and Cancer. Preface. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 74:xv-xxxi. [PMID: 26233914 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(15)00047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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24
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Harwood MD, Neuhoff S, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Warhurst G. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Abundance, but Not mRNA Expression, Correlates With Estrone-3-Sulfate Transport in Caco-2. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1370-5. [PMID: 26952881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transporter mRNA and protein expression data are used to extrapolate in vitro transporter kinetics to in vivo drug disposition predictions. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) possesses broad substrate specificity; therefore, understanding BCRP expression-activity relationships are necessary for the translation to in vivo. Bidirectional transport of estrone-3-sulfate (E-3-S), a BCRP probe, was evaluated with respect to relative BCRP mRNA expression and absolute protein abundance in 10- and 29-day cultured Caco-2 cells. BCRP mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR against a housekeeper gene, Cyclophilin A. The BCRP protein abundance in total membrane fractions was quantified by targeted proteomics, and [(3)H]-E-3-S bidirectional transport was determined in the presence or absence of Ko143, a potent BCRP inhibitor. BCRP mRNA expression was 1.5-fold higher in 29- versus 10-day cultured cells (n = 3), whereas a 2.4-fold lower (p < 0.001) BCRP protein abundance was observed in 29- versus 10-day cultured cells (1.28 ± 0.33 and 3.06 ± 0.22 fmol/μg protein, n = 6, respectively). This correlated to a 2.45-fold lower (p < 0.01) efflux ratio for E-3-S in 29- versus 10-day cultured cells (8.97 ± 2.51 and 3.32 ± 0.66, n = 6, respectively). Caco-2 cell BCRP protein abundance, but not mRNA levels, correlates with BCRP activity, suggesting that extrapolation strategies incorporating BCRP protein abundance-activity relationships may be more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Harwood
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK; Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield S2 4SU, UK.
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield S2 4SU, UK
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, Sheffield S2 4SU, UK; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Geoffrey Warhurst
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
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Uchida Y, Toyohara T, Ohtsuki S, Moriyama Y, Abe T, Terasaki T. Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics for 28 Transporters in Brush-Border and Basolateral Membrane Fractions of Rat Kidney. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1011-1016. [PMID: 26367854 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the absolute protein expression levels of various transporters in renal brush-border membrane (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) fractions, in order to understand the quantitative differences in average transport activities among different transporters at each cellular membrane. BBM and BLM fractions of rat kidney were prepared and digested with trypsin, and simultaneous absolute quantification of 28 transporters and a BLM marker, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, was performed using our established quantitative-targeted absolute proteomics (QTAP) technique. In BBM fraction, the protein expression levels of bcrp, urat1, mate1, octl1, mrp4, mdr1a, and abca3 were 40.3, 22.2, 8.90, 4.85, 4.69, 3.22, and 0.976 fmol/μg protein, respectively. In BLM fraction, the protein expression levels of oat1, oat3, oct1, mrp6, and mrp1 were 10.6, 10.2, 4.59, 0.724, and 0.271 fmol/μg protein, respectively. The expression levels of abca2, abca4, abca5, abca12, abcb4, mrp5, abcc9, abcg1, abcg5, lat1, ntcp, pgt, oatp2b1, oatp1b2, oatp3a1, and oct3 were under the limit of quantification in both fractions. The quantitative transporter protein expression profiles at these membranes, as determined by QTAP analysis, should be helpful to understand the contributions of individual transporters to renal excretion of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Toyohara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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26
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Harwood MD, Achour B, Neuhoff S, Russell MR, Carlson G, Warhurst G. In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation Scaling Factors for Intestinal P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: Part I: A Cross-Laboratory Comparison of Transporter-Protein Abundances and Relative Expression Factors in Human Intestine and Caco-2 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:297-307. [PMID: 26631742 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 5 years the quantification of transporter-protein absolute abundances has dramatically increased in parallel to the expanded use of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK)-linked models, for decision-making in pharmaceutical company drug development pipelines and regulatory submissions. Although several research groups have developed laboratory-specific proteomic workflows, it is unclear if the large range of reported variability is founded on true interindividual variability or experimental variability resulting from sample preparation or the proteomic methodology used. To assess the potential for methodological bias on end-point abundance quantification, two independent laboratories, the University of Manchester (UoM) and Bertin Pharma (BPh), employing different proteomic workflows, quantified the absolute abundances of Na/K-ATPase, P-gp, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in the same set of biologic samples from human intestinal and Caco-2 cell membranes. Across all samples, P-gp abundances were significantly correlated (P = 0.04, Rs = 0.72) with a 2.4-fold higher abundance (P = 0.001) generated at UoM compared with BPh. There was a systematically higher BCRP abundance in Caco-2 cell samples quantified by BPh compared with UoM, but not in human intestinal samples. Consequently, a similar intestinal relative expression factor (REF), derived from distal jejunum and Caco-2 monolayer samples, between laboratories was found for P-gp. However, a 2-fold higher intestinal REF was generated by UoM (2.22) versus BPh (1.11). We demonstrate that differences in absolute protein abundance are evident between laboratories and they probably result from laboratory-specific methodologies relating to peptide choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Harwood
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
| | - Brahim Achour
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Russell
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Carlson
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Warhurst
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (M.D.H., G.C., G.W.); Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, Stopford Building, Manchester, United Kingdom (B.A., M.R.R., A.R-H.); Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield (M.D.H., S.N., A.R-H.), United Kingdom
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27
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Sakamoto A, Matsumaru T, Yamamura N, Suzuki S, Uchida Y, Tachikawa M, Terasaki T. Drug Transporter Protein Quantification of Immortalized Human Lung Cell Lines Derived from Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells (Calu-3 and BEAS2-B), Bronchiolar–Alveolar Cells (NCI-H292 and NCI-H441), and Alveolar Type II-like Cells (A549) by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3029-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Weiß F, Schnabel A, Planatscher H, van den Berg BHJ, Serschnitzki B, Nuessler AK, Thasler WE, Weiss TS, Reuss M, Stoll D, Templin MF, Joos TO, Marcus K, Poetz O. Indirect protein quantification of drug-transforming enzymes using peptide group-specific immunoaffinity enrichment and mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8759. [PMID: 25737130 PMCID: PMC4348618 DOI: 10.1038/srep08759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoaffinity enrichment of proteotypic peptides, coupled with selected reaction monitoring, enables indirect protein quantification. However the lack of suitable antibodies limits its widespread application. We developed a method in which multi-specific antibodies are used to enrich groups of peptides, thus facilitating multiplexed quantitative protein assays. We tested this strategy in a pharmacokinetic experiment by targeting a group of homologous drug transforming proteins in human hepatocytes. Our results indicate the generic applicability of this method to any biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Weiß
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Anke Schnabel
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hannes Planatscher
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bart H J van den Berg
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas K Nuessler
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas S Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reuss
- Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dieter Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences, Albstadt Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Markus F Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas O Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen, Germany
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29
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Trötschel C, Poetsch A. Current approaches and challenges in targeted absolute quantification of membrane proteins. Proteomics 2015; 15:915-29. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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30
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The use of a rapid MS-based method for the quantification of the CYP 3A4 protein directly from hepatocyte cell lysate for CYP induction studies. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3271-82. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Most P450 protein quantitation methods involved the time-consuming preparation of microsomes and therefore are not amenable for high-throughput analysis. We here report a new method to measure P450 CYP3A4 protein levels directly from cell lysates. Results: A direct sample preparation method from hepatocyte cell lysate has been developed for the quantification of CYP3A4 protein levels by combining a modified semi-automated precipitation with a filter-aided sample preparation. This novel LC–MS/MS-based method provides simple, subfemtomole sensitivity and rapid quantitation of CYP3A4 protein levels directly from hepatocyte lysate without the need for microsome preparation. Conclusion: A rapid, accurate and sensitive method has been developed and implemented to quantify CYP3A4 protein in hepatocytes down to 0.05 million cells in CYP induction studies. The number of cells required for quantitation was well below the typical 0.25 million cells used in a CYP induction study.
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31
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Absolute protein quantification of clinically relevant cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:393-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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An B, Zhang M, Qu J. Toward sensitive and accurate analysis of antibody biotherapeutics by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1858-66. [PMID: 25185260 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable methodological advances in the past decade have expanded the application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of biotherapeutics. Currently, LC/MS represents a promising alternative or supplement to the traditional ligand binding assay (LBA) in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic studies of protein drugs, owing to the rapid and cost-effective method development, high specificity and reproducibility, low sample consumption, the capacity of analyzing multiple targets in one analysis, and the fact that a validated method can be readily adapted across various matrices and species. While promising, technical challenges associated with sensitivity, sample preparation, method development, and quantitative accuracy need to be addressed to enable full utilization of LC/MS. This article introduces the rationale and technical challenges of LC/MS techniques in biotherapeutics analysis and summarizes recently developed strategies to alleviate these challenges. Applications of LC/MS techniques on quantification and characterization of antibody biotherapeutics are also discussed. We speculate that despite the highly attractive features of LC/MS, it will not fully replace traditional assays such as LBA in the foreseeable future; instead, the forthcoming trend is likely the conjunction of biochemical techniques with versatile LC/MS approaches to achieve accurate, sensitive, and unbiased characterization of biotherapeutics in highly complex pharmaceutical/biologic matrices. Such combinations will constitute powerful tools to tackle the challenges posed by the rapidly growing needs for biotherapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
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33
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Heikkinen AT, Friedlein A, Matondo M, Hatley OJD, Petsalo A, Juvonen R, Galetin A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Aebersold R, Lamerz J, Dunkley T, Cutler P, Parrott N. Quantitative ADME Proteomics – CYP and UGT Enzymes in the Beagle Dog Liver and Intestine. Pharm Res 2014; 32:74-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Kunze A, Huwyler J, Camenisch G, Poller B. Prediction of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1- and 1B3-mediated hepatic uptake of statins based on transporter protein expression and activity data. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1514-21. [PMID: 24989890 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are drug transporters mediating the active hepatic uptake of their substrates. Because they exhibit overlapping substrate specificities, the contribution of each isoform to the net hepatic uptake needs to be considered when predicting drug-drug interactions. The relative contribution of OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated uptake of statins into hepatocytes was estimated based on either relative transporter protein expression data or relative activity data. Therefore, kinetics of eight statins and OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-specific reference substrates was determined in OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in human cryopreserved hepatocytes. Absolute OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 protein abundance was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all expression systems. Transporter activity data generated in recombinant cell lines were extrapolated to hepatocyte values using relative transporter expression factors (REF) or relative activity factors (RAF). Our results showed a pronounced OATP1B1 and comparatively low OATP1B3 protein expression in the investigated hepatocyte lot. Based on REF scaling, we demonstrated that the active hepatic uptake clearances of reference substrates, atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin were well predicted within twofold error, demonstrating that OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were major contributors. For other statins, the net hepatic uptake clearance was underpredicted, suggesting the involvement of other hepatic uptake transporters. Summarized, we showed that REF- and RAF-based predictions were highly similar, indicating a direct transporter expression-activity relationship. Moreover, we demonstrated that the REF-scaling method provided a powerful tool to quantitatively assess the transporter-specific contributions to the net uptake clearance of statins in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Kunze
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Drug Interactions Section, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., G.C., B.P.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., J.H.)
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Drug Interactions Section, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., G.C., B.P.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., J.H.)
| | - Gian Camenisch
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Drug Interactions Section, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., G.C., B.P.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., J.H.)
| | - Birk Poller
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Drug Interactions Section, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., G.C., B.P.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (A.K., J.H.)
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Applications of low-flow LC–SRM for the analysis of large molecules in pharmaceutical R&D. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1859-67. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ligand-binding assays are frequently employed to measure large molecules, the use of LC–SRM assays is increasingly popular due to the inherent selectivity advantage and the ability to operate without exquisitely selective antibodies. Until recently LC–SRM assays have been unable to compete with ligand-binding assays in terms of sensitivity. However, the use of low-flow chromatography prior to mass spectrometry has played a crucial role in increasing the sensitivity of LC–SRM platforms and enabling measurements of large molecules that had previously been unmeasurable. In this article, we highlight some technical advances, describe strategies for employing low-flow chromatography, and review recent literature that describes implementation of low-flow LC–SRM to support large-molecule analysis in pharmaceutical R&D.
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36
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Qiu X, Zhang H, Lai Y. Quantitative targeted proteomics for membrane transporter proteins: method and application. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:714-26. [PMID: 24830943 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although global proteomics has shown promise for discovery of many new proteins, biomarkers, protein modifications, and polymorphisms, targeted proteomics is emerging in the proteomics research field as a complement to untargeted shotgun proteomics, particularly when a determined set of low-abundance functional proteins need to be measured. The function and expression of proteins related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) such as cytochrome P450 enzymes and membrane transporters are of great interest in biopharmaceutical research. Since the variation in ADME-related protein expression is known to be a major complicating factor encountered during in vitro-in vivo and in vivo-in vivo extrapolations (IVIVE), the accurate quantification of the ADME proteins in complex biological systems becomes a fundamental element in establishing IVIVE for pharmacokinetic predictions. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant methodologies followed by a summary of recent applications encompassing mass spectrometry-based targeted quantifications of membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
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37
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Comparison of Heavy Labeled (SIL) Peptide versus SILAC Protein Internal Standards for LC-MS/MS Quantification of Hepatic Drug Transporters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2014; 2014:451510. [PMID: 24719762 PMCID: PMC3955635 DOI: 10.1155/2014/451510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the precision of quantification of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human livers by surrogate peptide based LC-MS/MS approach using two different internal standards: stable isotope labeled peptide (SIL) versus stable isotope labeled protein (SILAC). The SIL peptides were procured commercially and the SILAC proteins were generated in-house by labeling arginine and/or lysine residues in cells expressing these transporters. Liver tissue (n = 20) was homogenized and the membrane fraction was isolated. The membranes were trypsin digested and the peptides were analyzed using LC-MS/MS under optimized conditions. The precision in the quantification of proteins in three independently trypsin digested samples from each liver was calculated as the standard deviation of the log transformed protein concentration. The precision of the SIL internal standard method was either slightly (P < 0.05, paired t-test) better than that of the SILAC method (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and P-gp) or not different (OATP2B1). Trypsin digestion, as measured by the response of the labeled peptide derived from the SILAC protein, was consistent across liver samples. These results indicate that when maximum trypsin digestion is ensured, the SIL internal standard method can be used with confidence for quantification of drug transporters.
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38
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Sakamoto A, Matsumaru T, Yamamura N, Uchida Y, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T. Quantitative expression of human drug transporter proteins in lung tissues: Analysis of regional, gender, and interindividual differences by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3395-406. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Oswald S, Gröer C, Drozdzik M, Siegmund W. Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics as a tool to elucidate the expression and function of intestinal drug transporters. AAPS J 2013. [PMID: 23982336 DOI: 10.1208/s12248‐013‐9521‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transporter proteins affect the oral bioavailability of many drugs in a significant manner. In order to estimate or predict their impact on oral drug absorption, data on their intestinal expression levels are needed. So far, predominantly mRNA expression data are available which are not necessarily correlated with the respective protein content. All available protein data were assessed by immunoblotting techniques such as Western blotting which both possess a number of limitations for reliable protein quantification. In contrast to this, mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics may represent a promising alternative method to provide comprehensive protein expression data. In this review, we will summarize so far available intestinal mRNA and protein expression data for relevant human multidrug transporters. Moreover, recently observed mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomic data will be presented and discussed with respect to potential functional consequences. Associated to this, we will provide a short tutorial how to set up these methods and emphasize critical aspects in method development. Finally, potential limitations and pitfalls of this emerging technique will be discussed. From our perspective, LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics represents a valuable new method to comprehensively analyse the intestinal expression of transporter proteins. The resulting expression data are expected to improve our understanding about the intestinal processing of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany,
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40
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Oswald S, Gröer C, Drozdzik M, Siegmund W. Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics as a tool to elucidate the expression and function of intestinal drug transporters. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:1128-40. [PMID: 23982336 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal transporter proteins affect the oral bioavailability of many drugs in a significant manner. In order to estimate or predict their impact on oral drug absorption, data on their intestinal expression levels are needed. So far, predominantly mRNA expression data are available which are not necessarily correlated with the respective protein content. All available protein data were assessed by immunoblotting techniques such as Western blotting which both possess a number of limitations for reliable protein quantification. In contrast to this, mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics may represent a promising alternative method to provide comprehensive protein expression data. In this review, we will summarize so far available intestinal mRNA and protein expression data for relevant human multidrug transporters. Moreover, recently observed mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomic data will be presented and discussed with respect to potential functional consequences. Associated to this, we will provide a short tutorial how to set up these methods and emphasize critical aspects in method development. Finally, potential limitations and pitfalls of this emerging technique will be discussed. From our perspective, LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics represents a valuable new method to comprehensively analyse the intestinal expression of transporter proteins. The resulting expression data are expected to improve our understanding about the intestinal processing of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany,
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41
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Gröer C, Brück S, Lai Y, Paulick A, Busemann A, Heidecke CD, Siegmund W, Oswald S. LC-MS/MS-based quantification of clinically relevant intestinal uptake and efflux transporter proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:253-61. [PMID: 23973632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug transporter proteins are crucial determinants in the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. To evaluate their impact on intestinal drug absorption, we developed and validated quantification methods for 10 uptake transporters (OATP1A2, OATP2B1, PEPT1, ASBT, OCT1, OCT3) and efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCG2) that have been reported to be expressed and to be of clinical relevance in the human intestine. Quantification was performed by targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantification of proteospecific peptides after tryptic digestion using stable isotope labeled internal standard peptides. The chromatography of the respective peptides was performed by gradient elution using a reversed phase (C18) column (Kinetex(®), 100 × 3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) and 0.1% formic acid (FA) and acetonitrile with 0.1% FA as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The MS/MS detection was done in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by monitoring in each case three mass transitions for the transporter-derived peptides and the internal standard peptides. The assays were validated with respect to specificity, linearity (0.1-25 nM), within-day and between-day accuracy and precision as well as stability according to current bioanalytical guidelines. Finally, the developed methods were used to determine the transporter protein content in human intestinal tissue (jejunum and ileum). The methods were shown to possess sufficient specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and stability to measure transporter proteins in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gröer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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42
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Fu C, Di L, Han X, Soderstrom C, Snyder M, Troutman MD, Obach RS, Zhang H. Aldehyde Oxidase 1 (AOX1) in Human Liver Cytosols: Quantitative Characterization of AOX1 Expression Level and Activity Relationship. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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43
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Balogh LM, Lai Y. Applications of Targeted Proteomics in ADME for IVIVE. TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8229-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Harwood MD, Neuhoff S, Carlson GL, Warhurst G, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Absolute abundance and function of intestinal drug transporters: a prerequisite for fully mechanisticin vitro-in vivoextrapolation of oral drug absorption. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 34:2-28. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Neuhoff
- Simcyp Ltd (a Certara Company); Blades Enterprise Centre; Sheffield; S2 4SU; UK
| | - G. L. Carlson
- Gut Barrier Group, School of Translational Medicine; University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Trust; M6 8HD; UK
| | - G. Warhurst
- Gut Barrier Group, School of Translational Medicine; University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Trust; M6 8HD; UK
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Sato Y, Miyashita A, Iwatsubo T, Usui T. Simultaneous Absolute Protein Quantification of Carboxylesterases 1 and 2 in Human Liver Tissue Fractions using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1389-96. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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46
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Van Summeren A, Renes J, van Delft JH, Kleinjans JC, Mariman EC. Proteomics in the search for mechanisms and biomarkers of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:373-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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47
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Sato Y, Nagata M, Kawamura A, Miyashita A, Usui T. Protein quantification of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A1 and 2B7 in human liver microsomes by LC-MS/MS and correlation with glucuronidation activities. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:823-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.665950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Tucker TG, Milne AM, Fournel-Gigleux S, Fenner KS, Coughtrie MW. Absolute immunoquantification of the expression of ABC transporters P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in human liver and duodenum. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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49
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Ji C, Tschantz WR, Pfeifer ND, Ullah M, Sadagopan N. Development of a multiplex UPLC-MRM MS method for quantification of human membrane transport proteins OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 in in vitro systems and tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 717:67-76. [PMID: 22304817 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 are important members of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) family and are implicated in the hepatic disposition of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Quantitating the expression levels of human OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 in in vitro systems and tissue samples could significantly improve attempts to scale up in vitro data and result in more effective in vitro-in vivo correlation of transporter-mediated effects on drug disposition, such as hepatic clearance. In the present study, a quantification method was developed, characterized, and implemented for simultaneous determination of human OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 in HEK cells transfected with OATP-expressing plasmid vectors (SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, and SLCO2B1, respectively), human hepatocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, and humanized mouse liver tissue using UPLC-MRM MS. Purified membrane protein standards prepared and characterized as previously reported (Protein Expr. Purif. 2008, 57, 163-71) were first used as standards for absolute quantification of the expression levels of the three human OATP membrane proteins. The specificity of the optimized MRM transitions were characterized by analyzing the tryptic digests of the membrane protein fraction of wild type HEK cells and control mouse liver tissue using the herein reported UPLC-MRM MS method. The linearity of the calibration curve spanned from 0.2 μg mL(-1) (0.040 μg mg(-1)) to 20 μg mL(-1) (4.0 μg mg(-1)), with accuracy (% RE) within 15% at all concentrations examined for all three OATPs of interest in this study. The intra- and inter-day assay accuracy (% RE) and coefficient of variations (% CV) of triplicates are all within 15% for all levels of quality control samples prepared by mixing the membrane fraction of control mouse liver tissue with the required amount of purified human OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Ji
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Andover/Cambridge Laboratories, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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Ohtsuki S, Schaefer O, Kawakami H, Inoue T, Liehner S, Saito A, Ishiguro N, Kishimoto W, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, Ebner T, Terasaki T. Simultaneous absolute protein quantification of transporters, cytochromes P450, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases as a novel approach for the characterization of individual human liver: comparison with mRNA levels and activities. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:83-92. [PMID: 21994437 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the absolute protein expression levels of multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in 17 human liver biopsies, and to compare them with the mRNA expression levels and functional activities to evaluate the suitability of the three measures as parameters of hepatic metabolism. Absolute protein expression levels of 13 cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, NADPH-P450 reductase (P450R) and 6 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in microsomal fraction, and 22 transporters in plasma membrane fraction were determined using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP2A6, UGT1A6, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, and P450R were abundantly expressed (more than 50 pmol/mg protein) in human liver microsomes. The protein expression levels of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C8 were each highly correlated with the corresponding enzyme activity and mRNA expression levels, whereas for other P450s, the protein expression levels were better correlated with the enzyme activities than the mRNA expression levels were. Among transporters, the protein expression level of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 was relatively highly correlated with the mRNA expression level. However, other transporters showed almost no correlation. These findings indicate that protein expression levels determined by the present simultaneous quantification method are a useful parameter to assess differences of hepatic function between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Ohtsuki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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