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Desai KG, Sofa C, Wang N, Mandal B, Blockus B, Heacock N, Colandene JD. Feasibility of Laboratory Equipment-Based Simulation Methods to Assess the Impact of Vehicle Transportation on Product Quality of mAb Dosing Solutions. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4726-4746. [PMID: 39141808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) products for intravenous (IV) administration generally require aseptic compounding with a commercially available diluent. When the administration site is located away from the preparation site, the prepared dosing solution may need to be transported in a vehicle. The impact of vehicle transportation on the product quality of mAbs needs to be evaluated to define safe handling and transportation conditions for dosing solutions. The design and execution of actual vehicle transportation studies require considerable resources and time. In this study, we systematically developed three different laboratory equipment-based methods that simulate vehicle transportation stresses: orbital shaker (OS), reciprocating shaker (RS), and vibration test system (VTS)-based simulation methods. We assessed their feasibility by comparing the impact on product quality caused by each simulated method with that caused by actual vehicle transportation. Without residual polysorbate 80 (PS80) in the mAb dosing solution, transportation via a cargo van led to a considerable increase in the subvisible particle counts and did not meet the compendial specifications for the light obscuration method. However, the presence of as low as 0.0004%w/v (4 ppm) PS80 in the dosing solution stabilized the mAb against vehicle transportation stresses and met the compendial specifications. Vehicle transportation of an IV bag with headspace resulted in negligible micro air bubbles and foaming in both PS80-free and PS80-containing mAb dosing solutions. These phenomena were found to be comparable to the VTS-based simulated method. However, the OS- and RS-based simulated methods formed significantly more micro air bubbles and foaming in an IV bag with headspace than either actual vehicle transportation or the VTS-based simulated method. Despite the higher interfacial stress (micro air bubbles and foaming) in the dosing solution created by the OS- and RS-based simulated methods, 0.0004%w/v (4 ppm) PS80 in the dosing solution was found to be sufficient to stabilize the mAb. The study shows that under appropriate simulated conditions, the OS-, RS-, and VTS-based simulated methods can be used as practical and meaningful models to assess the impact and risk of vehicle transportation on the quality of mAb dosing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashappa Goud Desai
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Cait Sofa
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Bivash Mandal
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brendan Blockus
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nathan Heacock
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - James D Colandene
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Ave, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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2
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Abdolvahab MH, Safari M, Hasannejad F, Asefi N, Salimi A, Nazari M. Optimization of a recombinant BlaR-CTD protein formulation using the response surface methodology. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:4. [PMID: 38212764 PMCID: PMC10785353 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The sequence of a carboxy-terminal of the β-lactam sensor-transducer protein (BlaR-CTD) from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580 was extracted from US7745193B2 patent and expressed in E. coli using pColdI vector as a soluble His-tag recombinant protein. In this study, several excipients were used to improve the stability of recombinant BlaR-CTD and obtain the optimal formulation for this protein using response surface methodology (RSM)/ Central Composite Design (CCD). Total protein concentration was measured by UV spectroscopy and the Bradford test. A total of 7 various factors were designed using four different excipients including Glycerol, Sucrose, Triton x-100, and Tween-20, and three different buffers like Tris, Borate, and PBS. By obtaining suitable excipients and buffer i.e. glycerol and sucrose, pH ranging from 7 to 9 were evaluated. The pH 7.62, glycerol 15.35%, and sucrose 152.52 mM were determined as the most suitable for improving the thermal stability of recombinant BlaR-CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojdeh Safari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhonde Hasannejad
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Asefi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Desai KG, Colandene JD, Crotts G, Sofa C, Wang N, Blockus B, Mandal B, Wittig K, Shukla A. Transportation of mAb Dosing Solution in Intravenous Bag: Impact of Manual, Vehicle, and Pneumatic Tube System Transportation Methods on Product Quality. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6474-6491. [PMID: 37962592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) products for intravenous (IV) administration generally require aseptic compounding with a commercial diluent within a pharmacy. The prepared dosing solution in the IV bag may be transported to the dosing location via manual, vehicular, pneumatic tube system (PTS), or a combination of these methods. In this study, the type and level of physical stresses associated with these three methods and their product quality impact for relatively sensitive and stable mAbs were assessed. Vibration was found to be the main stress associated with manual and vehicle transportation methods, although this was at a relatively low level (<1 GRMS/Root-Mean-Square Acceleration). Shock and drop events, at relatively low levels, were also observed with these methods. PTS transportation showed substantially more intense shock, vibration, and drop stresses and the measured levels were up to 91 G/force of acceleration or deceleration, 3.7 GRMS and 39 G, respectively. Using a foam padding insert for PTS transportation reduced the shock level considerably (91 G to 59 G). Transportation of mAb dosing solutions in IV bags via different methods including PTS transportation variables caused a small increase in the subvisible particle counts and there was no change in submicrometer particle distribution. No visible particles and no significant change to soluble aggregate levels were observed after transportation. Strategies such as removal of IV bag headspace prior to transport and in-line filtration poststress reduced the subvisible particles counts. All tested transportation conditions showed negligible impact on other product quality attributes tested. Removal of IV bag headspace prior to PTS transport prevented formation of micro air bubbles and foaming compared to the unaltered IV bag. This study shows examples where manual, vehicle, and PTS transport methods did not significantly impact product quality, and provides evidence that mAb products that are appropriately stabilized in the dosing solution (e.g., with a surfactant) can be transported via a PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashappa Goud Desai
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - James D Colandene
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - George Crotts
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Cait Sofa
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brendan Blockus
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Bivash Mandal
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Katie Wittig
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Asha Shukla
- Drug Product Development - Steriles, Medicine Development and Supply, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Avenue, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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4
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Glücklich N, Carle S, Diederichs T, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P. How enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbate 20 influences colloidal protein stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106597. [PMID: 37770006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are esters of ethoxylated sorbitol anhydrides of different composition and are widely used surfactants in biologics. PSs are applied to increase protein stability and concomitant shelf-life via shielding against e.g., interfacial stresses. Due to the presence of specific lipolytic host cell protein (HCP) contaminations in the drug substance, PSs can be degraded via enzymatic hydrolysis. Surfactant hydrolysis leads to the formation of degradants, such as free fatty acids that might form fatty acid particles. In addition, PS degradation may reduce surfactant functionality and thus reduce the protection of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Although enzymatic degradation was observed and reported in the last years, less is known about the relationship between certain polysorbate degradation patterns and the increase of mechanical and interfacial stress towards the API. In this study, the impact of specifically hydrolyzed polysorbate 20 (PS20) towards the stabilization of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) during accelerated shaking stress conditions was investigated. The results show that a specific enzymatic degradation pattern of PS20 can influence the colloidal stability of biopharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the kinetics of the appearance of visual phenomena, opalescence, and particle formation depended on the polysorbate degradation fingerprint as induced via the presence of surrogate enzymes. The current case study shows the importance of focusing on specific polysorbate ester fractions to understand the overall colloidal protein stabilizing effect. The performed study gives first insight into the functional properties of PS and helps to evaluate the impact of PS degradation in the formulation development of biopharmaceuticals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glücklich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Innovation Unit, PDB, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.
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5
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Zürcher D, Caduff S, Aurand L, Capasso Palmiero U, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Comparison of the Protective Effect of Polysorbates, Poloxamer and Brij on Antibody Stability Against Different Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2853-2862. [PMID: 37295604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and antibodies are exposed to a variety of interfaces during their lifecycle, which can compromise their stability. Formulations, including surfactants, must be carefully optimized to improve interfacial stability against all types of surfaces. Here we apply a nanoparticle-based approach to evaluate the instability of four antibody drugs against different solid-liquid interfaces characterized by different degrees of hydrophobicity. We considered a model hydrophobic material as well as cycloolefin-copolymer (COC) and cellulose, which represent some of the common solid-liquid interfaces encountered during drug production, storage, and delivery. We assess the protective effect of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, Poloxamer 188 and Brij 35 in our assay and in a traditional agitation study. While all nonionic surfactants stabilize antibodies against the air-water interface, none of them can protect against hydrophilic charged cellulose. Polysorbates and Brij increase antibody stability in the presence of COC and the model hydrophobic interface, although to a lesser extent compared to the air-water interface, while Poloxamer 188 has a negligible stabilizing effect against these interfaces. These results highlight the challenge of fully protecting antibodies against all types of solid-liquid interfaces with traditional surfactants. In this context, our high-throughput nanoparticle-based approach can complement traditional shaking assays and assist in formulation design to ensure protein stability not only at air-water interfaces, but also at relevant solid-liquid interfaces encountered during the product lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Caduff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Aurand
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Wuchner
- Janssen R&D, BTDS Analytical Development, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Zhang Y, Ballesteros ME, Schöneich C. Photo-induced site-specific oxidative fragmentation of IgG1 mediated by iron(III)-containing histidine buffer: Mechanistic studies and excipient effects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:121-130. [PMID: 37482364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation may compromise the clinical efficacy and safety profile of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We recently reported that Fe(III)-containing histidine (His) buffer mediates site-specific mAb fragmentation within the Fc domain when exposed to visible light (Y. Zhang and C. Schöneich, Mol. Pharm. 2023, 20, 650-662). Here, we show that this fragmentation proceeds even more efficiently under near-UV light. Several formulation strategies were applied in an attempt to reduce the photo-induced fragmentation. In solution formulations, the fragmentation can be mitigated by reducing the concentration of His buffer, adding Fe(III)-chelating agents, and replacing His with other amino acids. Fragmentation can be almost completely inhibited by formulating the protein in the lyophilized state. Mechanistically, His plays a critical role in the fragmentation process, likely due to its affinity for Fe(II), driving a photo-redox reaction towards product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | | | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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7
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Ehrit J, Gräwert TW, Göddeke H, Konarev PV, Svergun DI, Nagel N. Small-angle x-ray scattering investigation of the integration of free fatty acids in polysorbate 20 micelles. Biophys J 2023; 122:3078-3088. [PMID: 37340636 PMCID: PMC10432221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical quality attribute for liquid formulations is the absence of visible particles. Such particles may form upon polysorbate hydrolysis resulting in release of free fatty acids into solution followed by precipitation. Strategies to avoid this effect are of major interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In this context, we investigated the structural organization of polysorbate micelles alone and upon addition of the fatty acid myristic acid (MA) by small-angle x-ray scattering. Two complementary approaches using a model of polydisperse core-shell ellipsoidal micelles and an ensemble of quasiatomistic micelle structures gave consistent results well describing the experimental data. The small-angle x-ray scattering data reveal polydisperse mixtures of ellipsoidal micelles containing about 22-35 molecules per micelle. The addition of MA at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL reveals only marginal effects on the scattering data. At the same time, addition of high amounts of MA (>500 μg/mL) increases the average sizes of the micelles indicating that MA penetrates into the surfactant micelles. These results together with molecular modeling shed light on the polysorbate contribution to fatty acid solubilization preventing or delaying fatty acid particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ehrit
- Analytical Research and Development, NBE Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias W Gräwert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Göddeke
- Computational Drug Discovery, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Petr V Konarev
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Сrystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Nagel
- Analytical Research and Development, Global Technical Centers, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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8
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Griffin VP, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Comparison of Protein Particle Formation in IgG1 mAbs Formulated with PS20 Vs. PS80 When Subjected to Interfacial Dilatational Stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 37081185 PMCID: PMC10118229 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are nonionic surfactants that are commonly included in protein formulations to mitigate the formation of interfacial stress-induced protein particles and thus increase their long-term storage stability. Nonetheless, factors that dictate the efficiency of different polysorbates in mitigating protein particle formation, especially during the application of interfacial stresses, are often ill defined. Here, we used a Langmuir trough to determine the surface activity of two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies formulated with two different polysorbates (PS20 and PS80) when subjected to interfacial dilatational stress. Interfacial properties of these formulations were then correlated with characterization of subvisible protein particles measured by micro-flow imaging (MFI). Both mAbs, when formulated in PS20, demonstrate faster adsorption kinetics and higher surface activity compared to PS80 or surfactant-free formulations. Compression/expansion results suggest that when exposed to interfacial dilatational stresses, both mAb/PS20 formulations display interfacial properties of PS20 alone. In contrast, interfacial properties of both mAb/PS80 formulations suggest mAbs and PS80 are co-adsorbed to the air-water interface. Further, MFI analysis of the interface and the bulk solution confirms that PS20 is more effective than PS80 at mitigating the formation of larger particles in the bulk solution in both mAbs. Concomitantly, the efficiency of PS to prevent interface-induced protein particle formation also depended on the protein's inherent tendency to aggregate at a surfactant-free interface. Together, the studies presented here highlight the importance of determining the interfacial properties of mAbs, surfactants, and their combinations to make informed formulation decisions about the choice of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, Emporia, Kansas, USA
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
- Sparks Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
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9
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Castañeda Ruiz AJ, Shetab Boushehri MA, Phan T, Carle S, Garidel P, Buske J, Lamprecht A. Alternative Excipients for Protein Stabilization in Protein Therapeutics: Overcoming the Limitations of Polysorbates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2575. [PMID: 36559072 PMCID: PMC9781097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their safety and efficiency in protecting protein integrity, polysorbates (PSs) have been the most widely used excipients for the stabilization of protein therapeutics for years. In recent decades, however, there have been numerous reports about visible or sub-visible particles in PS-containing biotherapeutic products, which is a major quality concern for parenteral drugs. Alternative excipients that are safe for parenteral administration, efficient in protecting different protein drugs against various stress conditions, effective in protein stabilization in high-concentrated liquid formulations, stable under the storage conditions for the duration of the product's shelf-life, and compatible with other formulation components and the primary packaging are highly sought after. The aim of this paper is to review potential alternative excipients from different families, including surfactants, carbohydrate- and amino acid-based excipients, synthetic amphiphilic polymers, and ionic liquids that enable protein stabilization. For each category, important characteristics such as the ability to stabilize proteins against thermal and mechanical stresses, current knowledge related to the safety profile for parenteral administration, potential interactions with other formulation components, and primary packaging are debated. Based on the provided information and the detailed discussion thereof, this paper may pave the way for the identification or development of efficient excipients for biotherapeutic protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Castañeda Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Phan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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11
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Real-time imaging of monoclonal antibody film reconstitution after mechanical stress at the air-liquid interface by Brewster angle microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Na J, Suh D, Cho YH, Baek Y. Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of Sterile Filters for Bioburden Protection and Final Fill in Biopharmaceutical Processes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050524. [PMID: 35629850 PMCID: PMC9143324 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sterile filtration processes are widely used in the production of biotherapeutics for microorganism removal and product sterility. Sterile filtration processes can be applied to buffer preparation and cell culture media preparation in biotherapeutics processes, and to final sterilization or final filling in downstream processes. Owing to their broad range of applications in bioprocessing, various 0.2/0.22 μm sterile filters with different polymer materials (i.e., hydrophilic PVDF and PES) and nominal pore sizes are commercially available. The objective of this study was to evaluate two different commercial sterile filters in terms of filtration performance in various sterile filtration processes of biopharmaceutical production. The results demonstrate the importance of choosing the appropriate filter considering the process type and target removal/transport product to ensure efficient sterile filtration in the production of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Na
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Young Hoon Cho
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.C.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7684 (Y.H.C.); +82-32-860-7516 (Y.B.)
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.C.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7684 (Y.H.C.); +82-32-860-7516 (Y.B.)
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13
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Assessment of Therapeutic Antibody Developability by Combinations of In Vitro and In Silico Methods. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2313:57-113. [PMID: 34478132 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1450-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although antibodies have become the fastest-growing class of therapeutics on the market, it is still challenging to develop them for therapeutic applications, which often require these molecules to withstand stresses that are not present in vivo. We define developability as the likelihood of an antibody candidate with suitable functionality to be developed into a manufacturable, stable, safe, and effective drug that can be formulated to high concentrations while retaining a long shelf life. The implementation of reliable developability assessments from the early stages of antibody discovery enables flagging and deselection of potentially problematic candidates, while focussing available resources on the development of the most promising ones. Currently, however, thorough developability assessment requires multiple in vitro assays, which makes it labor intensive and time consuming to implement at early stages. Furthermore, accurate in vitro analysis at the early stage is compromised by the high number of potential candidates that are often prepared at low quantities and purity. Recent improvements in the performance of computational predictors of developability potential are beginning to change this scenario. Many computational methods only require the knowledge of the amino acid sequences and can be used to identify possible developability issues or to rank available candidates according to a range of biophysical properties. Here, we describe how the implementation of in silico tools into antibody discovery pipelines is increasingly offering time- and cost-effective alternatives to in vitro experimental screening, thus streamlining the drug development process. We discuss in particular the biophysical and biochemical properties that underpin developability potential and their trade-offs, review various in vitro assays to measure such properties or parameters that are predictive of developability, and give an overview of the growing number of in silico tools available to predict properties important for antibody development, including the CamSol method developed in our laboratory.
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14
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Das TK, Chou DK, Jiskoot W, Arosio P. Nucleation in protein aggregation in biotherapeutic development: a look into the heart of the event. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:951-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Linkuvienė V, Ross EL, Crawford L, Weiser SE, Man D, Kay S, Kolhe P, Carpenter JF. Effects of transportation of IV bags containing protein formulations via hospital pneumatic tube system: Particle characterization by multiple methods. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1024-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Polysorbate-Based Drug Formulations for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PSs) are synthetic nonionic surfactants consisting of polyethoxy sorbitan fatty acid esters. PSs have been widely employed as emulsifiers and stabilizers in various drug formulations and food additives. Recently, various PS-based formulations have been developed for safe and efficient drug delivery. This review introduces the general features of PSs and PS-based drug carriers, summarizes recent progress in the development of PS-based drug formulations, and discusses the physicochemical properties, biological safety, P-glycoprotein inhibitory properties, and therapeutic applications of PS-based drug formulations. Additionally, recent advances in brain-targeted drug delivery using PS-based drug formulations have been highlighted. This review will help researchers understand the potential of PSs as effective drug formulation agents.
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17
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Lundahl MLE, Fogli S, Colavita PE, Scanlan EM. Aggregation of protein therapeutics enhances their immunogenicity: causes and mitigation strategies. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1004-1020. [PMID: 34458822 PMCID: PMC8341748 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation in biotherapeutics has been identified to increase immunogenicity, leading to immune-mediated adverse effects, such as severe allergic responses including anaphylaxis. The induction of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) moreover enhances drug clearance rates, and can directly block therapeutic function. In this review, identified immune activation mechanisms triggered by protein aggregates are discussed, as well as physicochemical properties of aggregates, such as size and shape, which contribute to immunogenicity. Furthermore, factors which contribute to protein stability and aggregation are considered. Lastly, with these factors in mind, we encourage an innovative and multidisciplinary approach with regard to further research in the field, with the overall aim to avoid immunogenic aggregation in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi L E Lundahl
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Silvia Fogli
- Glycome Biopharma, Unit 4, Joyce House, Barrack Square, Ballincollig Co Cork P31 HW35 Ireland
| | - Paula E Colavita
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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18
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Klijn ME, Hubbuch J. Application of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light imaging in protein-based biopharmaceutical formulation characterization and development studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:319-336. [PMID: 34052429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging is increasingly more utilized as analytical technology in biopharmaceutical formulation research, with applications ranging from subvisible particle characterization to thermal stability screening and residual moisture analysis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of analytical imaging for scientists active in biopharmaceutical formulation research and development, where it presents the unique information provided by the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and infrared (IR) sections in the electromagnetic spectrum. The main body of this review consists of an outline of UV, Vis, and IR imaging techniques for several (bio)physical properties that are commonly determined during protein-based biopharmaceutical formulation characterization and development studies. The review concludes with a future perspective of applied imaging within the field of biopharmaceutical formulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E Klijn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation and delivery strategies for the development of bacteriocins as next generation antibiotics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:149-163. [PMID: 34020021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptide produced by bacteria, may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics, an important step towards mitigating the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance crisis. They are active against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been discussed in the literature for over a century. Although they are used as preservatives in food, no medicine based on their antimicrobial activity exists on the market today. In order to formulate them into clinical antibiotics, pre-formulation studies on their biophysical and physicochemical properties that will influence their activity in vivo and their stability during manufacture must be elucidated. Thermal, pH and enzymatic stability of bacteriocins are commonly studied and regularly reported in the literature. Solubility, permeability and aggregation properties on the other hand are less frequently reported for many bacteriocins, which may contribute to their poor clinical progression. Promising cytotoxicity studies report that bacteriocins exhibit few cytotoxic effects on a variety of mammalian cell lines, at active concentrations. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data and in many cases even qualitative data, on bacteriocins' solubility, stability, aggregation, permeability and cytotoxicity. The formulation strategies that have been explored to date, proposed routes of administration, trends in in vitro/in vivo behaviour and efforts in clinical development are discussed. The future promise of bacteriocins as a new generation of antibiotics may require tailored local delivery strategies to fulfil their potential as a force to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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20
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Zhou J, Venturelli L, Keiser L, Sekatskii SK, Gallaire F, Kasas S, Longo G, Knowles TPJ, Ruggeri FS, Dietler G. Environmental Control of Amyloid Polymorphism by Modulation of Hydrodynamic Stress. ACS NANO 2021; 15:944-953. [PMID: 33348981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of amyloid polymorphism is a key feature of protein aggregation. Unravelling this phenomenon is of great significance for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases and for the development of amyloid-based functional biomaterials. However, the understanding of the molecular origins and the physicochemical factors modulating amyloid polymorphs remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an association between amyloid polymorphism and environmental stress in solution, induced by an air/water interface in motion. Our results reveal that low-stress environments produce heterogeneous amyloid polymorphs, including twisted, helical, and rod-like fibrils, whereas high-stress conditions generate only homogeneous rod-like fibrils. Moreover, high environmental stress converts twisted fibrils into rod-like fibrils both in-pathway and after the completion of mature amyloid formation. These results enrich our understanding of the environmental origin of polymorphism of pathological amyloids and shed light on the potential of environmentally controlled fabrication of homogeneous amyloid biomaterials for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Venturelli
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Keiser
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Instabilities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey K Sekatskii
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Gallaire
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Instabilities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Francesco S Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Hanson MG, Katz JS, Ma H, Putterman M, Yezer BA, Petermann O, Reineke TM. Effects of Hydrophobic Tail Length Variation on Surfactant-Mediated Protein Stabilization. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4302-4311. [PMID: 33054234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, protein therapeutics have gained significant attention as a result of their enhanced selectivity and diminished side effects compared to traditional small-molecule drugs. Despite their advantages, protein formulations typically suffer from stability issues because of aggregation and denaturation during production and storage, often resulting in detrimental immune responses. Surfactants can be used to stabilize and protect proteins in solution by preventing protein adsorption onto interfaces or by forming protective structures in solution. Herein, a detailed structure-activity relationship study is described, demonstrating the role that hydrophobic tail length plays in surfactant-mediated stabilization of the model therapeutic protein IgG. The FM1000 series, originating from a surfactant scaffold that allows for easy structure modulation, was synthesized by a simple 2-step procedure. First, phenylalanine was acylated with a variety of acyl chlorides of differing lengths to yield n-acyl phenylalanine, which was then coupled to Jeffamine M1000, a polyethylene glycol-based amine, to yield the final surfactant. With this FM1000 series, it was observed that the 14 carbon-long tail surfactant (14FM1000) was optimal at preventing IgG aggregation compared to surfactants with tails that were longer or shorter. Using a combination of dynamic surface tensiometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, it was hypothesized that 14FM1000 was able to prevent IgG adsorption, and therefore aggregation, by adsorbing appreciably onto surfaces quickly. 14FM1000 had the fastest rate of initial adsorption compared to the other surfactants studied. Short-tail surfactants were slow to and did not adsorb appreciably onto surfaces, allowing IgG adsorption. Although long-tail surfactants were also slow to adsorb, allowing IgG to adsorb and aggregate, their equilibrium adsorption was strong. Additionally, 14FM1000 was the most reversibly adsorbed surfactant, likely improving its ability to desorb and adsorb quickly to transient surfaces, therefore protecting the IgG at each new hydrophobic surface and preventing aggregation. By understanding the structure-activity relationship between surfactants and protein stabilization, we move toward more efficient design of future surfactants increasing the stability and utility of important protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Pharma Solutions, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Hua Ma
- Pharma Solutions, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Miriam Putterman
- Pharma Solutions, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Benjamin A Yezer
- Pharma Solutions, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Oliver Petermann
- Pharma Solutions, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Bomlitz, Germany
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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22
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N-Acetylated-L-arginine (NALA) is an enhanced protein aggregation suppressor under interfacial stresses and elevated temperature for protein liquid formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:654-664. [PMID: 33137385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though arginine hydrochloride has been recognized as a protein aggregation suppressor in the biopharmaceutical industry, its use has been questioned due to decreasing transition unfolding temperatures (Tm). Four compounds were designed to enhance the role of arginine by changing the length of the carbon chain with removal or N-acetylation of α-amino group. Biophysical properties were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and flow imaging (FI). N-Acetyl-L-arginine (NALA) performed the best at minimizing decrease in Tm with arginine at different pH. NALA also demonstrated relatively higher colloidal stability than arginine hydrochloride, especially in the acidic pH, thereby reducing agitation stress of IgG. Moreover, NALA exhibited a cooperative effect with commercially used glycine buffer for IVIG to maintain the monomer contents with almost no change and suppressed larger particle formation after agitation with heat. The study concludes that the decreasing Tm of proteins by arginine hydrochloride is due to amide group in the α-carbon chain. Moreover, chemical modification on the group compared to removing it will be a breakthrough of arginine's limitations and optimize storage stability of protein therapeutics.
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23
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Gravel AE, Arnold AA, Fillion M, Auger M, Warschawski DE, Marcotte I. Magnetically-orientable Tween-based model membranes for NMR studies of proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Container Surfaces Control Initiation of Cavitation and Resulting Particle Formation in Protein Formulations After Application of Mechanical Shock. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1270-1280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Kopp MRG, Capasso Palmiero U, Arosio P. A Nanoparticle-Based Assay To Evaluate Surface-Induced Antibody Instability. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:909-918. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. G. Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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26
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Parameters Influencing Cavitation Within Vials Subjected to Drop Shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19210. [PMID: 31844126 PMCID: PMC6915723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has made improvements to mitigate protein degradation during the drug manufacturing process, storage, and transportation. However, there is less quality control after the manufacturer releases the drug. Previous research has shown that drop shock due to mishandling and accidental dropping of therapeutic vials may cause cavitation, aggregation, and particle formation. In this study, the cavitation behavior of Deionized (DI) water and 10mM L-Histidine buffer solution which were subjected to drop shock by hand dropping were investigated to study the effects of vial materials, solutions, fill volumes, drop heights, and internal vial geometries. A Phantom v7 high-speed camera was used to record images at a rate of 66,700 frames per second of the vials as they underwent drop shock. These videos were then reviewed to find the angle of impact, and to determine if there was cavitation. The results indicate that decreasing fill height by using a smaller fill volume or larger diameter vials were found to mitigate cavitation across drop heights. Secondly, results indicate there is a significant difference between the cavitation behavior of glass and plastic vials, and plastic had more cavitation cases. Lastly, there was not a significant difference in the occurrence of cavitation between DI water and L-Histidine buffer solution.
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27
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Grabarek AD, Bozic U, Rousel J, Menzen T, Kranz W, Wuchner K, Jiskoot W, Hawe A. What Makes Polysorbate Functional? Impact of Polysorbate 80 Grade and Quality on IgG Stability During Mechanical Stress. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:871-880. [PMID: 31614127 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is a commonly used surfactant in therapeutic protein formulations to mitigate adsorption and interface-induced protein aggregation. Several PS80 grades and qualities are available on the market for parenteral application. The role of PS80 grade on protein stability remains debatable, and the impact of (partially) degraded PS on protein aggregation is not yet well understood. In our study, a monoclonal antibody (IgG) was subjected to 3 different mechanical stress conditions in the presence of multicompendial (MC) and Chinese pharmacopeia (ChP) grade PS80. Furthermore, IgG formulations were spiked with (partly) hydrolyzed PS80 to investigate the effect of PS80 degradants on protein stability. PS80 functionality was assessed by measuring the extent of protein aggregation and particle formation induced during mechanical stress by using size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, backgrounded membrane imaging, and flow imaging microscopy. No distinguishable differences in PS80 functionality between MC and ChP grade were observed in the 3 stress tests. However, with increasing degree of PS80 hydrolysis, higher counts of subvisible particles were measured after stress. Furthermore, higher levels of PS80 degradants at a constant PS80 concentration may destabilize the IgG. In conclusion, MC and ChP grade PS80 are equally protective, but PS80 degradants compromise IgG stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dariusz Grabarek
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ula Bozic
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jannik Rousel
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wendelin Kranz
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Wuchner
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Large Molecule Analytical Development, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Hawe
- Coriolis Pharma Research, Fraunhoferstr. 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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28
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Xu AY, Castellanos MM, Mattison K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Studying Excipient Modulated Physical Stability and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Using Small-Angle Scattering. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4319-4338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuanyuan Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Maria Monica Castellanos
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kevin Mattison
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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29
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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DEHP Nanodroplets Leached From Polyvinyl Chloride IV Bags Promote Aggregation of IVIG and Activate Complement in Human Serum. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:429-442. [PMID: 31229435 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the impact of subvisible particulate impurities on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic protein products have led manufacturers to implement strategies to minimize protein aggregation and particle formation during manufacturing, storage, and shipping. However, once these products are released, manufacturers have limited control over product handling. In this work, we investigated the effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) nanodroplets generated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags of intravenous (IV) saline on the stability and immunogenicity of IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulations. We showed that PVC IV bags containing saline can release DEHP droplets into the solution when agitated or transported using a pneumatic tube transportation system in a clinical setting. We next investigated the effects of emulsified DEHP nanodroplets on IVIG stability and immunogenicity. IVIG adsorbed strongly to DEHP nanodroplets, forming a monolayer. In addition, DEHP nanodroplets accelerated IVIG aggregation in agitated samples. The immunogenicity of DEHP nanodroplets and IVIG aggregates generated in these formulations were evaluated using an in vitro assay of complement activation in human serum. The results suggested DEHP nanodroplets shed from PVC IV bags could reduce protein stability and induce activation of the complement system, potentially contributing to adverse immune responses during the administration of therapeutic proteins.
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31
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Gandhi AV, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF. Conjugation of Emtansine Onto Trastuzumab Promotes Aggregation of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate by Reducing Repulsive Electrostatic Interactions and Increasing Hydrophobic Interactions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1973-1983. [PMID: 30735687 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The impact of drug conjugation on intra- and intermolecular interactions of trastuzumab (TmAb) was determined by comparing the conformational and colloidal stabilities of TmAb and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). In low ionic strength formulations, drug conjugation to native lysine residues of TmAb significantly reduced the repulsive electrostatic interactions between T-DM1 molecules. When these electrostatic interactions were screened in solutions with high ionic strength, intermolecular interactions between T-DM1 molecules were found to be more attractive than those between TmAb molecules. Drug conjugation lowered the colloidal stability of T-DM1 compared to TmAb, making T-DM1 more susceptible to agitation-induced aggregation. The presence of polysorbate-20 in the formulations inhibited aggregation of TmAb and T-DM1 induced by the hydrophobic air-water interface. Furthermore, the effect of increased hydrophobic interactions between T-DM1 molecules was studied by monitoring aggregation in TmAb and T-DM1 solutions that were incubated at 4°C, 25°C, and 50°C. Conjugating DM1 to TmAb increased the hydrophobicity of the molecule, and faster aggregation of T-DM1 at 50°C could be attributed to a temperature-dependent increase in hydrophobic interactions between T-DM1 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya V Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - John F Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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32
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Steric Repulsion Forces Contributed by PEGylation of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Reduce Gelation and Aggregation at the Silicone Oil-Water Interface. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:162-172. [PMID: 30395835 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicone oil, used as a lubricating coating in pharmaceutical containers, has been implicated as a cause of therapeutic protein aggregation. After adsorbing to silicone oil-water interfaces, proteins may form interfacial gels, which can be transported into solution as insoluble aggregates if the interfaces are perturbed. Mechanical interfacial perturbation of both monomeric recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) and PEGylated rhIL-1ra (PEG rhIL-1ra) in siliconized syringes resulted in losses of soluble monomeric protein. However, the loss of rhIL-1ra was twice that for PEG rhIL-1ra; even though in solution, PEG rhIL-1ra had a lower ΔGunf and exhibited a more perturbed tertiary structure at the interface. Net protein-protein interactions in solution for rhIL-1ra were attractive but increased steric repulsion because of PEGylation led to net repulsive interactions for PEG rhIL-1ra. Attractive interactions for rhIL-1ra were associated with increases in intermolecular β-sheet content at the interface, whereas no intermolecular β-sheet structures were observed for adsorbed PEG rhIL-1ra. rhIL-1ra formed interfacial gels that were 5 times stronger than those formed by PEG rhIL-1ra. Thus, the steric repulsion contributed by the PEGylation resulted in decreased interfacial gelation and in the reduction of aggregation, in spite of the destabilizing effects of PEGylation on the protein's conformational stability.
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33
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Arsiccio A, McCarty J, Pisano R, Shea JE. Effect of Surfactants on Surface-Induced Denaturation of Proteins: Evidence of an Orientation-Dependent Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11390-11399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arsiccio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - James McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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35
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Nejadnik MR, Randolph TW, Volkin DB, Schöneich C, Carpenter JF, Crommelin DJ, Jiskoot W. Postproduction Handling and Administration of Protein Pharmaceuticals and Potential Instability Issues. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2013-2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Sorret LL, DeWinter MA, Schwartz DK, Randolph TW. Protein-protein interactions controlling interfacial aggregation of rhIL-1ra are not described by simple colloid models. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1191-1204. [PMID: 29388282 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of protein-protein interaction strength on interfacial viscoelastic properties and aggregation of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) at silicone oil-water interfaces. Osmotic second virial coefficients determined by static light scattering were used to quantify protein-protein interactions in bulk solution. Attractive protein-protein interactions dominated at low ionic strengths and their magnitude decreased with increasing ionic strength, in contrast to repulsive interactions that would be expected based on uniformly charged sphere models. Interfacial shear rheometry was used to characterize rhIL-1ra interfacial layers. More attractive protein-protein interactions in bulk solution correlated with stronger interfacial gels. Thioflavin-T fluorescence measurements indicated that the intermolecular β-sheet content of rhIL-1ra incubated in the presence of silicone oil-water interfaces correlated with gel strength. Siliconized syringes were used to probe the effects of mechanical perturbation of the interfacial gel layers. When rhIL-1ra solutions in siliconized glass syringes were subjected to end-over-end rotation, monomeric rhIL-1ra was lost from solution, and particles containing aggregated protein were released into the bulk aqueous phase. The loss of monomeric rhIL-1ra in response to mechanical perturbation was highest under the conditions where the strongest gels were observed. Aggregation of rhIL-1ra was strictly interface-induced and growth of aggregates in the bulk solution was not observed, even in the presence of particles released from silicone oil-water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea L Sorret
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Madison A DeWinter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
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37
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Manning MC, Liu J, Li T, Holcomb RE. Rational Design of Liquid Formulations of Proteins. THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES 2018; 112:1-59. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Practical Considerations for High Concentration Protein Formulations. CHALLENGES IN PROTEIN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90603-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Grigolato F, Colombo C, Ferrari R, Rezabkova L, Arosio P. Mechanistic Origin of the Combined Effect of Surfaces and Mechanical Agitation on Amyloid Formation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11358-11367. [PMID: 29045787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and surfaces in combination with hydrodynamic flow and mechanical agitation can often trigger the conversion of soluble peptides and proteins into aggregates, including amyloid fibrils. Despite the extensive literature on the empirical effects of surfaces and mechanical forces on the formation of amyloids, the molecular details of the mechanisms underlying this behavior are still elusive. This limitation is, in part, due to the complex reaction network underlying the formation of amyloids, where several microscopic reactions of nucleation and growth can occur both at the interfaces and in bulk. In this work, we design a high-throughput assay based on nanoparticles and we apply a chemical kinetic platform to analyze the mechanisms underlying the effect of surfaces and mechanical forces on the formation of amyloid fibrils from human insulin under physiological conditions. By considering a variety of polymeric nanoparticles with different surface properties we explore a broad range of repulsive and attractive interactions between insulin and surfaces. Our analysis shows that hydrophobic interfaces induce the formation of amyloid fibrils by specifically promoting the primary heterogeneous nucleation rate. In contrast, mechanical forces accelerate the formation of amyloid fibrils by favoring mass transport and further amplify the number of fibrils by promoting fragmentation events. Thus, surfaces and agitation have a combined effect on the kinetics of protein aggregation observed at the macroscopic level but, individually, they each affect distinct microscopic reaction steps: the presence of interfaces generates primary nucleation events of fibril formation, which is then amplified by mechanical forces. These results suggest that the inhibition of surface-induced heterogeneous nucleation should be considered a primary target to suppress aggregation and explain why in many systems the simultaneous presence of surfaces and hydrodynamic flow enhances protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Rezabkova
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Friability Testing as a New Stress-Stability Assay for Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2966-2978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Singh SM, Bandi S, Jones DNM, Mallela KMG. Effect of Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80 on the Higher-Order Structure of a Monoclonal Antibody and Its Fab and Fc Fragments Probed Using 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3486-3498. [PMID: 28843351 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined how polysorbate 20 (PS20; Tween 20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80; Tween 80) affect the higher-order structure of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and its antigen-binding (Fab) and crystallizable (Fc) fragments, using near-UV circular dichroism and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Both polysorbates bind to the mAb with submillimolar affinity. Binding causes significant changes in the tertiary structure of mAb with no changes in its secondary structure. 2D 13C-1H methyl NMR indicates that with increasing concentration of polysorbates, the Fab region showed a decrease in crosspeak volumes. In addition to volume changes, PS20 caused significant changes in the chemical shifts compared to no changes in the case of PS80. No such changes in crosspeak volumes or chemical shifts were observed in the case of Fc region, indicating that polysorbates predominantly affect the Fab region compared to the Fc region. This differential effect of polysorbates on the Fab and Fc regions was because of the lesser thermodynamic stability of the Fab compared to the Fc. These results further indicate that PS80 is the preferred polysorbate for this mAb formulation, because it offers higher protection against aggregation, causes lesser structural perturbation, and has weaker binding affinity with fewer binding sites compared to PS20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Swati Bandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - David N M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Krishna M G Mallela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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42
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Jain T, Boland T, Lilov A, Burnina I, Brown M, Xu Y, Vásquez M. Prediction of delayed retention of antibodies in hydrophobic interaction chromatography from sequence using machine learning. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:3758-3766. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Jain
- Computational Biology, Adimab, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Todd Boland
- Computational Biology, Adimab, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yingda Xu
- Protein Analytics, Adimab, Lebanon, NH, USA
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43
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Some Lessons Learned From a Comparison Between Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Characterize and Quantify Protein Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2178-2186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Wang S, Zhang X, Wu G, Tian Z, Qian F. Optimization of high-concentration endostatin formulation: Harmonization of excipients' contributions on colloidal and conformational stabilities. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:173-186. [PMID: 28755991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing research efforts have been devoted into developing high-concentration protein drugs for subcutaneous injection, especially for those with short half-lives and high-dose requirement. Proteins at high concentrations normally present increased colloidal and structural instability, such as aggregation, fibrillation and gelation, which significantly challenges the high-concentration formulation development of protein drugs. Here we used endostatin, a 20kD recombinant protein, as a model drug for high-concentration formulation optimization. The colloidal and conformational stability of endostatin at high concentration of 30mg/mL were investigated in formulations containing various excipients, including saccharides (mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose), salts (ArgHCl and NaCl), and surfactants (tween 20 and 80). Protein fibrillation was characterized and semi-quantified by optical polarized light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the amount of fiber formation at elevated temperature of 40°C was determined. The soluble protein aggregates were characterized by dynamic and static light scattering before and after dilution. The conformational stability were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry. We observed that the soluble aggregation, fibrillation and gelation, induced by conformational and colloidal instabilities of the protein solution, could be substantially optimized by using suitable stabilizers such as combinations of saccharides and surfactants; while formation of gel and soluble aggregates at high protein concentration (e.g., 30mg/mL) and elevated temperature (40°C) could be prevented by avoiding the usage of salts. It's worth emphasizing that some stabilizers, such as salts and surfactants, could show opposite contributions in conformational and colloidal stabilities of endostatin. Therefore, cautions are needed when one attempts to correlate the colloidal stability of high-concentration proteins with their conformational stability, and the colloidal and conformational protein stabilities must be harmonized by a balanced selection of various types of excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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45
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Wang S, Wu G, Zhang X, Tian Z, Zhang N, Hu T, Dai W, Qian F. Stabilizing two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies by surfactants: Balance between aggregation prevention and structure perturbation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:263-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Identification of Excipients for Stabilizing Fiberless Adenovirus as Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1764-1771. [PMID: 28427886 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the promiscuous tropism of native adenovirus by using fiberless adenovirus is advantageous toward its use as a gene therapy vector or vaccine component. The removal of the fiber protein on native adenovirus abrogates several undesirable interactions; however, this approach decreases the particle's physical stability. To create stable fiberless adenovirus for pharmaceutical use, the effects of temperature and pH on the particle's stability profile must be addressed. Our results indicate that the stability of fiberless adenovirus is increased when it is stored in mildly acidic conditions around pH 6. The stability of fiberless adenovirus can be further enhanced by using excipients. Excipient screening results indicate that the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 and the amino acid glycine are potential stabilizers because of their ability to increase the thermal transition temperature of the virus particle and promote retention of biological activity after exposure to prolonged thermal stress. Our data indicate that the instability of fiberless adenovirus can be ameliorated by storing the virus in the appropriate environment, and it should be possible to further optimize the virus so that it can be used as a biopharmaceutical.
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47
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Fleischman ML, Chung J, Paul EP, Lewus RA. Shipping-Induced Aggregation in Therapeutic Antibodies: Utilization of a Scale-Down Model to Assess Degradation in Monoclonal Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Torisu T, Maruno T, Hamaji Y, Ohkubo T, Uchiyama S. Synergistic Effect of Cavitation and Agitation on Protein Aggregation. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:521-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Cui Y, Cui P, Chen B, Li S, Guan H. Monoclonal antibodies: formulations of marketed products and recent advances in novel delivery system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:519-530. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1278768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medicinal College, Jining, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medicinal College, Jining, China
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50
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Taylor MJ, Tomlins P, Sahota TS. Thermoresponsive Gels. Gels 2017; 3:E4. [PMID: 30920501 PMCID: PMC6318636 DOI: 10.3390/gels3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive gelling materials constructed from natural and synthetic polymers can be used to provide triggered action and therefore customised products such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine types as well as for other industries. Some materials give Arrhenius-type viscosity changes based on coil to globule transitions. Others produce more counterintuitive responses to temperature change because of agglomeration induced by enthalpic or entropic drivers. Extensive covalent crosslinking superimposes complexity of response and the upper and lower critical solution temperatures can translate to critical volume temperatures for these swellable but insoluble gels. Their structure and volume response confer advantages for actuation though they lack robustness. Dynamic covalent bonding has created an intermediate category where shape moulding and self-healing variants are useful for several platforms. Developing synthesis methodology-for example, Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) and Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP)-provides an almost infinite range of materials that can be used for many of these gelling systems. For those that self-assemble into micelle systems that can gel, the upper and lower critical solution temperatures (UCST and LCST) are analogous to those for simpler dispersible polymers. However, the tuned hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance plus the introduction of additional pH-sensitivity and, for instance, thermochromic response, open the potential for coupled mechanisms to create complex drug targeting effects at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joan Taylor
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Paul Tomlins
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Tarsem S Sahota
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
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