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Critical review on the immunomodulatory activities of carrot’s β-carotene and other bioactive compounds. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Soleti R, Mallegol P, Hilairet G, Frifra M, Perrin F, Dubois-Laurent C, Huet S, Pignon P, Basset L, Geoffriau E, Andriantsitohaina R. Carrot Genotypes Contrasted by Root Color and Grown under Different Conditions Displayed Differential Pharmacological Profiles in Vascular and Metabolic Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020337. [PMID: 32012793 PMCID: PMC7071275 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots' genotype and growing conditions influence their potential properties to fight against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the influence of carrot genotypes contrasted by root color (Bolero, Presto, Karotan, Deep Purple, Kintoki and Blanche des Vosges) growing under standard, water-restricted, biotic stress (Alternaria dauci inoculation), and combined stress conditions (water restriction and A.dauci inoculation). The effect of carrots' polyphenol and carotenoid content was assessed on endothelial and smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and macrophages functions (oxidative stress, apoptosis, proliferation, lipid accumulation and inflammation). Independently of varieties or growing conditions, all carrot extracts affected vascular cells' oxidative stress and apoptosis, and metabolic cells' oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Three clusters were revealed and displayed beneficial properties mostly for adipocytes function, smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes, and endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. Karotan and Presto varieties exhibited endothelial tropism while Blanche des Vosges targeted adipocytes. Carrots under biotic stress are more efficient in inducing beneficial effects, with the Bolero variety being the most effective. However, extracts from carrots which grew under combined stress conditions had limited beneficial effects. This report underscores the use of certain carrot extracts as potential effective nutraceutical supplements for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soleti
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, 49100 Angers, France; (P.M.); (G.H.); (M.F.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33 (0)2 44 68 85 86
| | - Patricia Mallegol
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, 49100 Angers, France; (P.M.); (G.H.); (M.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Grégory Hilairet
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, 49100 Angers, France; (P.M.); (G.H.); (M.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Mehdi Frifra
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, 49100 Angers, France; (P.M.); (G.H.); (M.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Florent Perrin
- IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, Inrae, Université d’Angers, SFR Quasav, 49045 Angers, France; (F.P.); (C.D.-L.); (S.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Cécile Dubois-Laurent
- IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, Inrae, Université d’Angers, SFR Quasav, 49045 Angers, France; (F.P.); (C.D.-L.); (S.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Sébastien Huet
- IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, Inrae, Université d’Angers, SFR Quasav, 49045 Angers, France; (F.P.); (C.D.-L.); (S.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Pascale Pignon
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 49100 Angers, France; (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Laetitia Basset
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 49100 Angers, France; (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Geoffriau
- IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, Inrae, Université d’Angers, SFR Quasav, 49045 Angers, France; (F.P.); (C.D.-L.); (S.H.); (E.G.)
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Hurtado-Barroso S, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Organic food and the impact on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:704-714. [PMID: 29190113 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1394815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the production and consumption of organic food have increased steadily worldwide, despite the lower productivity of organic crops. Indeed, the population attributes healthier properties to organic food. Although scientific evidence is still scarce, organic agriculture seems to contribute to maintaining an optimal health status and decreases the risk of developing chronic diseases. This may be due to the higher content of bioactive compounds and lower content of unhealthy substances such as cadmium and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in organic foods of plant origin compared to conventional agricultural products. Thus, large long-term intervention studies are needed to determine whether an organic diet is healthier than a diet including conventionally grown food products. This review provides an update of the present knowledge of the impact of an organic versus a conventional food diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Spain.,c INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, Kahl J, Kesse-Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Quaglio G, Grandjean P. Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environ Health 2017; 16:111. [PMID: 29073935 PMCID: PMC5658984 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises existing evidence on the impact of organic food on human health. It compares organic vs. conventional food production with respect to parameters important to human health and discusses the potential impact of organic management practices with an emphasis on EU conditions. Organic food consumption may reduce the risk of allergic disease and of overweight and obesity, but the evidence is not conclusive due to likely residual confounding, as consumers of organic food tend to have healthier lifestyles overall. However, animal experiments suggest that identically composed feed from organic or conventional production impacts in different ways on growth and development. In organic agriculture, the use of pesticides is restricted, while residues in conventional fruits and vegetables constitute the main source of human pesticide exposures. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse effects of certain pesticides on children's cognitive development at current levels of exposure, but these data have so far not been applied in formal risk assessments of individual pesticides. Differences in the composition between organic and conventional crops are limited, such as a modestly higher content of phenolic compounds in organic fruit and vegetables, and likely also a lower content of cadmium in organic cereal crops. Organic dairy products, and perhaps also meats, have a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids compared to conventional products. However, these differences are likely of marginal nutritional significance. Of greater concern is the prevalent use of antibiotics in conventional animal production as a key driver of antibiotic resistance in society; antibiotic use is less intensive in organic production. Overall, this review emphasises several documented and likely human health benefits associated with organic food production, and application of such production methods is likely to be beneficial within conventional agriculture, e.g., in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Organic Food and Farming (EPOK), Ultuna, Sweden
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Animal Environment and Health, Skara, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kahl
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Research Unit on Nutritional Epidemiology (U1153 Inserm, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Université Paris 13), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Functional & Organic Food & Commodities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Quaglio
- Scientific Foresight Unit (Science and Technology Options Assessment [STOA]), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, USA
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Johansson E, Hussain A, Kuktaite R, Andersson SC, Olsson ME. Contribution of organically grown crops to human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3870-93. [PMID: 24717360 PMCID: PMC4025038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An increasing interest in organic agriculture for food production is seen throughout the world and one key reason for this interest is the assumption that organic food consumption is beneficial to public health. The present paper focuses on the background of organic agriculture, important public health related compounds from crop food and variations in the amount of health related compounds in crops. In addition, influence of organic farming on health related compounds, on pesticide residues and heavy metals in crops, and relations between organic food and health biomarkers as well as in vitro studies are also the focus of the present paper. Nutritionally beneficial compounds of highest relevance for public health were micronutrients, especially Fe and Zn, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (including pro-vitamin A compounds), tocopherols (including vitamin E) and phenolic compounds. Extremely large variations in the contents of these compounds were seen, depending on genotype, climate, environment, farming conditions, harvest time, and part of the crop. Highest amounts seen were related to the choice of genotype and were also increased by genetic modification of the crop. Organic cultivation did not influence the content of most of the nutritional beneficial compounds, except the phenolic compounds that were increased with the amounts of pathogens. However, higher amounts of pesticide residues and in many cases also of heavy metals were seen in the conventionally produced crops compared to the organic ones. Animal studies as well as in vitro studies showed a clear indication of a beneficial effect of organic food/extracts as compared to conventional ones. Thus, consumption of organic food seems to be positive from a public health point of view, although the reasons are unclear, and synergistic effects between various constituents within the food are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of InformationTechnology, Sahiwal Campus, Comsats Road, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
| | - Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Staffan C Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
| | - Marie E Olsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, Alnarp, SE 23053, Sweden.
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Jensen MM, Halekoh U, Stokes CR, Lauridsen C. Effect of maternal intake of organically or conventionally produced feed on oral tolerance development in offspring rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4831-4838. [PMID: 23581797 DOI: 10.1021/jf305454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal consumption of organically or conventionally produced feed on immunological biomarkers and their offsprings' response to a novel dietary antigen. First-generation rats were fed plant-based diets from two different cultivation systems (organic or conventional) or a chow. Second-generation rats were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) via their mother's milk and subsequently challenged with OVA after weaning onto the chow diet. In the chow diet group feeding the dams OVA resulted in suppression of the pups' anti-OVA antibody response to the OVA challenge (total OVA-specific IgG was 197 for the OVA-treated chow diet group and 823 for the control chow diet group (arbitrary ELISA units)). In contrast, OVA exposure of the dams from the plant-based dietary groups did not result in a similar suppression. Cultivation system had no effect on the immunological biomarkers, except for a higher spleen prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in pups originating from dams fed the conventional plant-based diet (223 ng/L) than from those fed the organic plant-based diet (189 ng/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Melballe Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Kahl J. Organic food quality: from field to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2751-2752. [PMID: 23077006 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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