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Mehmood F, Hassan F, Sarfraz R, Khadim Z, Alamer KH, Attia H, Saleh MA, Al-Robai SA, Zaman QU, Iftikhar Z. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Geranium pusillum leaves. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2171-2185. [PMID: 38706433 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants play an important role in primary health care worldwide. The phytochemical screening and activities of Geranium pusillum were investigated in this research. The dried plant leaves were extracted with ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, acetone, and aqueous solvents. These extracts were qualitatively analyzed, GC-MS, antimicrobial activities by using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging, and cytotoxic activity was analyzed by the hemolytic activity of human red blood cells. The results showed phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides were detected in plant leaves. The ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed a maximum inhibition zone 17.5 ± 0.09, 15.6 ± 0.11, 14.2 ± 0.17, 18.4 ± 0.11, 16.6 ± 0.15, 12.5 ± 0.13, 15.9 ± 0.10, and 13.1 ± 0.11 mm, and at 15 mg/mL showed 24.5 ± 0.09, 27.2 ± 0.12, 26.3 ± 0.17, 28.4 ± 0.10, 27.9 ± 0.16, 22.5 ± 0.13, 27.1 ± 0.10, and 24.1 ± 0.16 mm against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida (gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus (gram-positive), Rhizopus solani, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate (fungal strain), respectively, and dichloromethane showed a minimum inhibition zone as compared to other extracts against bacterial as well as fungal strains. Chloroform extract had maximum antioxidant activity (45.00 ± 0.08%) and minimum in dichloromethane (12.20 ± 0.04%). Cytotoxic activity was found maximum in acetone extract (19.83 ± 0.07%) and minimum in ethanol extract (4.72 ± 0.04%). It is concluded that phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and others may be responsible for these activities, which is why this plant is used for traditional medicine. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Geranium pusillum has therapeutic properties that exhibit various biological activities beneficial for human health. G. pusillum has significant inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains. Chloroform solvent extract indicates potential free radical scavenging abilities. Acetone extract exhibits notable effects on human red blood cells and demonstrates significant cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Sarfraz
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Khadim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid H Alamer
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houneida Attia
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera A Saleh
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Asir Al-Robai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar Uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Isenmann E, Yuliandra T, Touvleliou K, Broekmann M, de la Torre X, Botrè F, Diel P, Parr MK. Quinoa as phytopharmaceutical? Urinary elimination of ecdysterone after consumption of quinoa alone and in combination with spinach. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300689. [PMID: 38400693 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The phytosteroid ecdysterone is classified as an anabolic agent and has been included on the monitoring list of the World Anti-Doping Agency since 2020. Therefore, the consumption of food rich in ecdysterone, such as quinoa and spinach, is the focus of a lively debate. Thus, the urinary excretion of ecdysterone and its metabolites in humans was investigated following quinoa consumption alone and in combination with spinach. Eight participants (four male and four female) were included, and they ingested 368 ± 61 g cooked quinoa alone and in combination with 809 ± 115 g spinach after a washout. Post-administration urines were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. After intake of both preparations, ecdysterone and two metabolites were excreted in the urine. The maximum concentration of ecdysterone ranged from 0.44 to 5.5 µg/mL after quinoa and from 0.34 to 4.1 µg/mL after quinoa with spinach. The total urinary excreted amount as parent drug plus metabolites was 2.61 ± 1.1% following quinoa intake and 1.7 ± 0.9% in combination with spinach. Significant differences were found in the total urinary excreted amount of ecdysterone, 14-deoxy-ecdysterone, and 14-deoxy-poststerone. Only small portions of ecdysterone from quinoa and the combination with spinach were excreted in the urine, suggesting that both quinoa and spinach are poor sources of ecdysterone in terms of bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Tasha Yuliandra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantina Touvleliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Broekmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Rome, Italy
- REDs-Research and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences, ISSUL-Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi C, Wang S, Wang X, Lü X. A review on the potential use of natural products in overweight and obesity. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1990-2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Caihong Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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Zhang Y, Cai P, Cheng G, Zhang Y. A Brief Review of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Plants: Their Extraction, Analysis, and Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211069721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, showing a wide range of distinct biological activities, have received more and more attention in recent years. This review aims to gather and systematize available information on the phenolic compounds from plants by discussing different types of phenolic compounds, extraction, and analysis methods, with an emphasis on their potential biological activities. The research direction and problems that should be paid attention to in the future are also put forward to provide some references for the further study of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Chongqing Agricultural Products Quality & Safety Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Sidorova YS, Shipelin VA, Petrov NA, Zorin SN, Mazo VK. Adaptogenic Properties of a Phytoecdysteroid-Rich Extract from the Leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2555. [PMID: 34961026 PMCID: PMC8704498 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the ability of the human body to adapt in conditions of physical or emotional stress is promising from the standpoint of the use of preventive nutrition containing functional food ingredients (FFI) with proven effectiveness in complex physiological in vivo studies. In this work, we developed FFI from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) with a high content of polyphenols and adaptogens-phytoecdysteroids. Using in vivo models of increased physical activity and immobilization-induced emotional stress, we evaluated the nonspecific resistance of rats in response to the addition of the developed FFI to the diet. In the acute toxicity experiment, we found no signs of FFI toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. As a result of the daily 26-day consumption of FFI, we observed an anxiolytic effect in physiological studies. FFI prevented an increase in the content of biogenic amines in the blood, the main markers of the stress system, and had a positive effect on the lipid metabolism of the rats. The obtained results demonstrate a "smoothing" effect on the body's reaction in response to induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir A. Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (S.N.Z.); (V.K.M.)
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Montenegro-Landívar MF, Tapia-Quirós P, Vecino X, Reig M, Valderrama C, Granados M, Cortina JL, Saurina J. Recovery of Added-Value Compounds from Orange and Spinach Processing Residues: Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111800. [PMID: 34829670 PMCID: PMC8614849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds recovery by mechanical stirring extraction (MSE) was studied from orange and spinach wastes using water as a solvent. The statistical analysis showed that the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) yield was obtained using 15 min, 70 °C, 1:100 (w/v) solid/solvent ratio and pH 4 for orange; and 5 min, 50 °C, 1:50 (w/v) solid/solvent ratio and pH 6 for spinach. Under these conditions, the TPC was 1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 fresh weight (fw) and 0.8 mg GAE g-1 fw for orange and spinach, respectively. MSE substantially increased the phenolic compounds yields (1-fold for orange and 2-fold for spinach) compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of orange and spinach extracts was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS. The obtained results pointed out that the evaluated orange and spinach residues provided extracts with antioxidant activity (2.27 mg TE g-1 and 0.04 mg TE g-1, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Montenegro-Landívar
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Tapia-Quirós
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mònica Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Granados
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, East Barcelona Engineering School (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; mafernandy-@hotmail.com (M.F.M.-L.); (P.T.-Q.); (X.V.); (M.R.); (C.V.); (J.L.C.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- CETAQUA, Carretera d’Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Manzoor MF, Wei W, Sarpong F, Wang X. Lipid-soluble vitamins from dairy products: Extraction, purification, and analytical techniques. Food Chem 2021; 373:131436. [PMID: 34740052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are considered as essential sources of lipid-soluble vitamins (LSVs) for human nutrition. Due to the lower concentrations, complexity, and instability of LSVs during extraction, their quantification remains challenging. This review focus on advances in the extraction and quantification of LSVs from different dairy products. Saponification, and liquid-liquid (LLE), solid-phase (SPE), and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods, as well as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, are the most common techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) has unique advantages for LSVs determination and quantification due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- Value Addition Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kade, Ghana
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Issazadeh SA, Hatami S, Yavarmanesh M. In vitro investigation of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of alcoholic, hydroalcoholic extracts, and essential oil of
Spinacia oleracea
leaves from Iran. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Issazadeh
- Department of Food Science & Microbiology, Quchan Branch Islamic Azad University Quchan Iran
| | - Samaneh Hatami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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9
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FREITAS CMP, SOUSA RCS, DIAS MMS, COIMBRA JSR. Extraction of Pectin from Passion Fruit Peel. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Perez Gutierrez RM, Velazquez EG. Glucopyranoside flavonoids isolated from leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach) inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aldose reductase activity (RLAR). Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Poletto P, Alvarez-Rivera G, Torres TMS, Mendiola JA, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. Compressed fluids and phytochemical profiling tools to obtain and characterize antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 129:115942. [PMID: 32834241 PMCID: PMC7276128 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many natural compounds, found mainly in plants, are associated with the treatment of various diseases. The search for natural therapeutic agents includes compounds with antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Among the many steps involved in bioprospection, extraction is the first and most critical step for obtaining bioactive compounds. One of the main advantages of using compressed fluids extraction is the high quality of the final product obtained due to the use of green solvents, while the selectivity towards target compounds can be tuned by adjusting the process parameters, especially pressure, temperature and solvent characteristics. In this review, a discussion is provided on the power of compressed fluids, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) to obtain antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources. In addition, an adequate knowledge about the identity and quantity of the compounds present in the extract is essential to correlate biological activity with chemical composition. Phytochemical profiling tools used for identification and quantification of these bioactive natural compound are also discussed. It can be anticipated that after the current SARS-COV-2 pandemic, the search of new natural compounds with antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity will be a hot research topic, so, this review provides an overview on the technologies currently used that could help this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Poletto
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talyta M S Torres
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jose A Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Oil and pigments from shrimp processing by-products: Extraction, composition, bioactivities and its application- A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Mohamad NJ, Gray D, Wolf B. Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate? Food Res Int 2020; 133:109193. [PMID: 32466904 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study the possibility of replacing current surfactants in chocolate formulations with natural lipids extracted from spinach leaf (SPLIP) or spinach chloroplast (CH.SPLIP) was evaluated. SPLIP and CH.SPLIP were extracted with chloroform/methanol following enzyme deactivation with hot isopropanol. Results showed a higher extraction yield for SPLIP while glycolipids were more concentrated in CH.SPLIP. Sugar/oil suspensions with dispersed volume fractions of 0.28, 0.33 and 0.37 containing 0.1% to 0.7% (w/w) surfactant (SPLIP, CH.SPLIP, lecithin and PGPR as commercial references) based on oil phase were prepared and analyzed in shear rheology. Apparent viscosity at 40 s-1 was significantly lower for the natural surfactants compared to lecithin at 0.5-0.7% (w/w) addition. With regard to yield stress, taken as the shear stress at 5 s-1, both natural surfactants showed comparable performance to PGPR at 0.3% to 0.7% addition. As SPLIP and CH.SPLIP behaved similar (p > 0.05), SPLIP, due to higher extraction yield, would be the preferred choice for application in chocolate matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizaha Juhaida Mohamad
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Wolf
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Gutierrez RMP, Velazquez EG, Carrera SPP. Spinacia oleracea Linn Considered as One of the Most Perfect Foods: A Pharmacological and Phytochemical Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1666-1680. [PMID: 31161986 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190603090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: :
Leaves of Spinacia oleracea have been widely used as vegetarian foods.
Some studies on the chemical composition of spinach have shown that it contains a high content of micronutrients
(vitamins and minerals), and has an important economic value with some agronomic advantages.
S. oleracea in traditional medicine is reported to cure more than one health problem.
Objective: :
This review focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological and phytochemical
studies of Spinacia oleracea.
Method: :
Information on S. oleracea was obtained via electronic search of scientific databases such as
Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scirus, Science Direct, Scielo, Web of Science, Medline, Springerlink,
BioMed Central (BMC), and SciFinder for publications on this plant. In addition, books on medicinal
herbs were also consulted.
Results: :
Approximately 100 chemical compounds were isolated and characterized from S. oleracea.
The major active components of the plant are flavones, flavanols, methylenedioxyflavonol glucuronides,
glucuronides, and carotenoids, which were extensively investigated. This review revealed potential
pharmacological properties of these isolated compounds such as anti-obesity, anti-α-amylase, bileacid
binding capacity, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cognitive and mood
effect, hypoglycemic, and anti-hypertriglyceridemia.
Conclusions::
S. oleracea is an important edible plant also used for ethnomedical therapy of obesity, inflammation
of lungs, lumbago, flatulence, and treatment of urinary calculi. Pharmacological and phytochemical
studies of this plant including bioactives, which have been adequately studied, support its
uses in traditional medicine. Additionally, prospects and future trends of this plant are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp 07708, Mexico
| | - Elisa Gutierrez Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp 07708, Mexico
| | - Silvia Patricia Paredes Carrera
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Sustentables, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp. 07708, Mexico
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15
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Carotenoids from Vegetable Waste Matrices. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030466. [PMID: 30696092 PMCID: PMC6384789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate a previously-developed model on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for carotenoid recovery from carrot peels on various carotenoid-rich fruit and vegetable wastes. To this end, 15 matrices, including flesh and peels of sweet potato, tomato, apricot, pumpkin and peach, as well as flesh and wastes of green, yellow and red peppers, were submitted to SFE under optimised conditions (59 °C, 350 bar, 15 g/min CO2, 15.5% (v/v) ethanol as co-solvent, 30 min of extraction time). The obtained extracts were characterised for their total carotenoid content, antioxidant activity and total carotenoid recovery (TCR). TCR values were greater than 90% w/w for most samples, with β-carotene being the most successfully extracted compound (TCRs 88–100% w/w). More polar carotenoids, such as lutein and lycopene, exhibited lower TCRs. A comparison with literature data suggested that carotenoid extraction is partially dependent on the composition of vegetable matrices, specifically on polysaccharide and moisture content. The results indicated that the optimised SFE conditions can be used as a general model for carotenoid extraction from various fruit and vegetable matrices and as a viable method for adding value to these waste streams by generating carotenoid-rich extracts.
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Picart-Palmade L, Cunault C, Chevalier-Lucia D, Belleville MP, Marchesseau S. Potentialities and Limits of Some Non-thermal Technologies to Improve Sustainability of Food Processing. Front Nutr 2019; 5:130. [PMID: 30705883 PMCID: PMC6344468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the whole food production chain, from the farm to the fork, food manufacturing steps have a large environmental impact. Despite significant efforts made to optimize heat recovery or water consumption, conventional food processing remains poorly efficient in terms of energy requirements and waste management. Therefore, in the few last decades, much research has focused on the development of alternative non-thermal technologies. Some of them, such as membrane separation processes, hydrostatic or dynamic high pressure, dense phase or high-pressure carbon dioxide, and pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have been extensively studied for cold pasteurization, concentration, extraction, or food functionalization. However, it is still difficult to evaluate the actual advantages or limits of these innovative processing technologies to replace conventional processes. Thus, the overall aim of this paper is to present an overview of the most relevant studies dealing with the potentialities and limits of these non-thermal technologies to improve sustainability of food processing. After a brief presentation of the physical principles of these technologies, the paper illustrates how these technologies could play a decisive role for sustainable food preservation or valorization of raw materials and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Cunault
- IATE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Marchesseau
- IATE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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17
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Xie L, Cahoon E, Zhang Y, Ciftci ON. Extraction of astaxanthin from engineered Camelina sativa seed using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Xu CC, Wang B, Pu YQ, Tao JS, Zhang T. Advances in extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds from plant materials. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:721-731. [PMID: 29103457 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, have received more and more attention in recent years because of their distinct bioactivities. This review summarizes different types of phenolic compounds and their extraction and analytical methods used in the recent reports, involving 59 phenolic compounds from 52 kinds of plants. The extraction methods include solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and other methods. The analysis methods include spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and near-infrared spectroscopy. After illustrating the specific conditions of the analytical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized, pointing out their respective suitability. This review provides valuable reference for identification and/or quantification of phenolic compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Xu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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19
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Villalva M, Jaime L, Aguado E, Nieto JA, Reglero G, Santoyo S. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities from the Basolateral Fraction of Caco-2 Cells Exposed to a Rosmarinic Acid Enriched Extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1167-1174. [PMID: 29345918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of Origanum majorana L. as a source of bioavailable phenolic compounds, specifically rosmarinic acid (RA), has been evaluated. Phenolic bioavailability was tested using an in vitro digestion process followed by a Caco-2 cellular model of intestinal absorption. The high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PAD-MS/MS) analysis showed the main components in the extract were 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-glucoside and rosmarinic acid, followed by luteolin-O-glucoside. After digestion process, the amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) only decreased slightly, although a remarkable reduction in RA (near 50%) was detected. Bioavailable fraction contained 7.37 ± 1.39 mg/L digested extract of RA with small quantities of lithospermic acid and diosmin and presented an important antioxidant activity (0.89 ± 0.09 mmol Trolox/L digested extract). Besides, this bioavailable fraction produced a significant inhibition in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion, using a human THP-1 macrophages model. Therefore, RA content in the basolateral compartment could play an important role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Villalva
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Aguado
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Imdea-Food Institute , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM + CSIC) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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López-Padilla A, Martín D, Villanueva Bermejo D, Jaime L, Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Restrepo Flórez CE, Rivero Barrios DM, Fornari T. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz extracts and their addition in beef burgers as antioxidant ingredient. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:377-383. [PMID: 28612382 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (mortiño) constitutes a source of bioactive phytochemicals, but reports related to its efficient and green production are scarce. In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of mortiño were compared. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+ ) were determined. Beef burgers with 20 g kg-1 of mortiño (MM) or its PLE extract (ME) were manufactured. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) and instrumental color changes were measured after refrigerated storage. RESULTS High TPC (up to 72 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 extract) was determined in mortiño extracts, which was positively correlated with antioxidant activity. TBARS values of beef burgers containing either MM or ME did not change after refrigerated storage, whereas lipid oxidation of control burgers increased significantly. The color of burgers with added MM or ME was different (lower b* and a* values) from that of control burgers. However, the evolution of color after storage was similar between control and ME samples. CONCLUSION Mortiño extracts with high TPC can be obtained by PLE. Both mortiño and its PLE extract are able to control lipid oxidation of beef burgers, but the extract is preferred from the color quality point of view. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis López-Padilla
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martín
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Villanueva Bermejo
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tiziana Fornari
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lee SY, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Khatib A, Ismail IS, Zawawi N, Abas F. Comparison of partial least squares and random forests for evaluating relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of Neptunia oleracea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:240-252. [PMID: 28580581 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neptunia oleracea is a plant consumed as a vegetable and which has been used as a folk remedy for several diseases. Herein, two regression models (partial least squares, PLS; and random forest, RF) in a metabolomics approach were compared and applied to the evaluation of the relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of N. oleracea. In addition, the effects of different extraction conditions on the phenolic constituents were assessed by pattern recognition analysis. RESULTS Comparison of the PLS and RF showed that RF exhibited poorer generalization and hence poorer predictive performance. Both the regression coefficient of PLS and the variable importance of RF revealed that quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, caffeic acid and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were significant towards the tested bioactivities. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) results showed that sonication and absolute ethanol are the preferable extraction method and ethanol ratio, respectively, to produce N. oleracea extracts with high phenolic levels and therefore high DPPH scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION Both PLS and RF are useful regression models in metabolomics studies. This work provides insight into the performance of different multivariate data analysis tools and the effects of different extraction conditions on the extraction of desired phenolics from plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maulidiani Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Kumar BR. Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:349-364. [PMID: 29404060 PMCID: PMC5790745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectrometry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.
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Singh J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and selected reaction monitoring strategy for the identification and quantification of minor spinacetin derivatives in spinach. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1803-1812. [PMID: 28836299 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spinach is green leafy vegetable which is a rich source of flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and vitamins A, C and E. It contains unique flavonoids which have significant anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The present study reports the systematic identification and quantification of novel flavonoids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HR-QTOFMS). METHODS An ultrasonication technique was used for the extraction of flavonoids from spinach. A rapid and reliable analytical method was established for the identification of flavonoids from methanolic extract. Flavonoids were characterized by their ultraviolet (UV) spectra, high-resolution accurate masses and MS/MS fragmentation pathways obtained using electrospray ionization (ESI). Furthermore, precursor ions from the intact molecule, and the resulting product ions, were monitored by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with different collision energies in positive and negative ion mode. RESULTS For the first time, five minor spinacetin derivatives were identified under optimized SRM and broadband collision-induced dissociation (+bbCID) conditions. Fragmentation pathways were proposed for spectra obtained in ESI positive ion mode. The use of HR-QTOFMS and SRM allowed us to differentiate between molecules with the same nominal mass. The identified spinacetin derivatives were found to be acylated with ferulic and coumaric acids. CONCLUSIONS UHPLC interfaced with HR-QTOFMS in combination with SRM provides a rapid, reliable and highly sensitive method for the identification of flavonoids, and potentially other bioactive compounds, in a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Glycolipids from spinach suppress LPS-induced vascular inflammation through eNOS and NK-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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25
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Fanali C, D'Orazio G, Fanali S, Gentili A. Advanced analytical techniques for fat-soluble vitamin analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Jiraungkoorskul W. Review of Neuro-nutrition Used as Anti-Alzheimer Plant, Spinach, Spinacia oleracea. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:105-108. [PMID: 28082792 PMCID: PMC5214553 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-nutrition is the nutrition needed to achieve health brain and neurocognitive function. Diets rich in antioxidants, vitamins, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds will help suppress the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Spinacia oleracea (Family: Amaranthaceae) commonly known as spinach or Buai Leng (in Thai), one of the traditional medicinal plants with high in those mention nutrients. The micronutrients in spinach include a range of vitamins and minerals, which can prevent deficiency diseases and are essential for normal physiological function. Its phytochemicals are carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which can prevent chronic health problems, as well as other diseases associated with aging. The objective of this article was to conduct a review on various ethnomedicinal uses of the spinach and its influences on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease based on a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannee Jiraungkoorskul
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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27
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The competition between chemistry and biology in assembling iron–sulfur derivatives. Molecular structures and electrochemistry. Part III. {[Fe2S2](Cys)3(X)} (X=Asp, Arg, His) and {[Fe2S2](Cys)2(His)2} proteins. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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