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Bárcenas-Preciado V, Mata-Haro V. Probiotics in miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Immune Homeostasis in Pigs: A Physiological Narrative. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1606. [PMID: 39203448 PMCID: PMC11356641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the host's intestinal homeostasis, influencing numerous physiological functions. Various factors, including diet, stress, and antibiotic use, can lead to such imbalances. Probiotics have been shown to restore the microbiota, contributing to maintaining this balance. For instance, the weaning stage in piglets is crucial; this transition can cause unfavorable changes that may contribute to the onset of diarrhea. Probiotic supplementation has increased due to its benefits. However, its mechanism of action is still controversial; one involves the regulation of intestinal immunity. When recognized by immune system cells through membrane receptors, probiotics activate intracellular signaling pathways that lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in an anti-inflammatory response. This complex regulatory system involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including the modulation of various molecules, emphasizing microRNAs. They have emerged as important regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Analyzing these mechanisms can enhance our understanding of probiotic-host microbiota interactions, providing insights into their molecular functions. This knowledge can be applied not only in the swine industry, but also in studying microbiota-related disorders. Moreover, these studies serve as animal models, helping to understand better conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and other related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC (CIAD) Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico;
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2
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Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre profile. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Effects of reducing dietary crude protein concentration and supplementation with either laminarin or zinc oxide on the growth performance and intestinal health of newly weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Gierse LC, Meene A, Schultz D, Schwaiger T, Karte C, Schröder C, Wang H, Wünsche C, Methling K, Kreikemeyer B, Fuchs S, Bernhardt J, Becher D, Lalk M, Study Group K, Urich T, Riedel K. A Multi-Omics Protocol for Swine Feces to Elucidate Longitudinal Dynamics in Microbiome Structure and Function. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121887. [PMID: 33260576 PMCID: PMC7760263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine are regarded as promising biomedical models, but the dynamics of their gastrointestinal microbiome have been much less investigated than that of humans or mice. The aim of this study was to establish an integrated multi-omics protocol to investigate the fecal microbiome of healthy swine. To this end, a preparation and analysis protocol including integrated sample preparation for meta-omics analyses of deep-frozen feces was developed. Subsequent data integration linked microbiome composition with function, and metabolic activity with protein inventories, i.e., 16S rRNA data and expressed proteins, and identified proteins with corresponding metabolites. 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metaproteomics analyses revealed a fecal microbiome dominated by Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae. Similar microbiome compositions in feces and colon, but not ileum samples, were observed, showing that feces can serve as minimal-invasive proxy for porcine colon microbiomes. Longitudinal dynamics in composition, e.g., temporal decreased abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae during the experiment, were not reflected in microbiome function. Instead, metaproteomics and metabolomics showed a rather stable functional state, as evident from short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles and associated metaproteome functions, pointing towards functional redundancy among microbiome constituents. In conclusion, our pipeline generates congruent data from different omics approaches on the taxonomy and functionality of the intestinal microbiome of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Christopher Gierse
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Alexander Meene
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Karte
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (T.S.); (C.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Christine Wünsche
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Robert Koch Institute Wernigerode, Burgstraße 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany;
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.S.); (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (K.R.); Tel.: +49-3834-420-5904 (T.U.); +49-3834-420-5900 (K.R.)
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.C.G.); (A.M.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (K.R.); Tel.: +49-3834-420-5904 (T.U.); +49-3834-420-5900 (K.R.)
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5
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Rattigan R, Sweeney T, Vigors S, Rajauria G, O'Doherty JV. Effects of reducing dietary crude protein concentration and supplementation with laminarin or zinc oxide on the faecal scores and colonic microbiota in newly weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1471-1483. [PMID: 32767416 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 2 × 3 factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) concentration and/or supplementation with zinc oxide (ZnO) or laminarin on faecal scores (FS) and the large intestinal microbiota post-weaning (PW). One hundred and forty-four pigs were assigned to (T1) 21% standard CP diet (SCP); (T2) SCP + ZnO (SCP ZnO); (T3) SCP + laminarin (SCP LAM); (T4) 18% low CP diet (LCP); (T5) LCP + ZnO (LCP ZnO); and (T6) LCP + laminarin (LCP LAM; n = 8 replicates/treatment). The LCP diet had no effect on FS (p > .05), it increased two measures of alpha diversity, reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae in the colon relative to the SCP diet (p < .05). ZnO supplementation reduced FS and increased Ruminococcaceae compared with unsupplemented pigs (p < .05). ZnO supplementation increased the genera Frisingicoccus (p < .001), Lachnoclostridium (p < .05) and Peptoclostridium (p < .05) in the colon and reduced total caecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations compared with the unsupplemented and laminarin-supplemented pigs. Laminarin supplementation reduced FS compared with unsupplemented pigs but had no major effect on the microbiota compared with the unsupplemented pigs. There were CP concentration × additive interactions on both Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Firmicutes were increased in the LCP ZnO group compared with the LCP group, but there was no difference between the SCP groups. Proteobacteria were reduced in the LCP ZnO group compared with the LCP and LCP LAM groups (p < .05), but there was no difference between the SCP groups. In conclusion, reducing CP did not improve FS; it increased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae; however, it also increased bacterial diversity. Supplementation with ZnO and laminarin improved FS, although all groups had scores within the healthy range. ZnO altered the large intestinal microbiota and VFA concentrations; however, laminarin did not enhance these parameters, suggesting these compounds have differing modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rattigan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stafford Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Tiwari UP, Singh AK, Jha R. Fermentation characteristics of resistant starch, arabinoxylan, and β-glucan and their effects on the gut microbial ecology of pigs: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2019; 5:217-226. [PMID: 31528722 PMCID: PMC6737498 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DF) contain an abundant amount of energy, although the mammalian genome does not encode most of the enzymes required to degrade them. However, a mutual dependence is developed between the host and symbiotic microbes, which has the potential to extract the energy present in these DF. Dietary fibers escape digestion in the foregut and are fermented in the hindgut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that alter the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Most of the carbohydrates are fermented in the proximal part, allowing protein fermentation in the distal part, resulting in colonic diseases. The structures of resistant starch (RS), arabinoxylan (AX), and β-glucan (βG) are complex; hence, makes their way into the hindgut where these are fermented and provide energy substrates for the colonic epithelial cells. Different microbes have different preferences of binding to different substrates. The RS, AX and βG act as a unique substrate for the microbes and modify the relative composition of the gut microbial community. The granule dimension and surface area of each substrate are different, which influences the penetration capacity of microbes. Arabinose and xylan are 2 different hemicelluloses, but arabinose is substituted on the xylan backbone and occurs in the form of AX. Fermentation of xylan produces butyrate primarily in the small intestine, whereas arabinose produces butyrate in the large intestine. Types of RS and forms of βG also exert beneficial effects by producing different metabolites and modulating the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, it is important to have information of different types of RS, AX and βG and their roles in microbial modulation to get the optimum benefits of fiber fermentation in the gut. This review provides relevant information on the similarities and differences that exist in the way RS, AX, and βG are fermented, and their positive and negative effects on SCFA production and gut microbial ecology of pigs. These insights will help nutritionists to develop dietary strategies that can modulate specific SCFA production and promote beneficial microbiota in the GIT of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
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7
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Heyer CME, Schmucker S, Burbach K, Weiss E, Eklund M, Aumiller T, Capezzone F, Steuber J, Rodehutscord M, Hoelzle LE, Seifert J, Mosenthin R, Stefanski V. Phytate degradation, intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites and immune values are changed in growing pigs fed diets with varying calcium-phosphorus concentration and fermentable substrates. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1185-1197. [PMID: 30934140 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed effects of diets containing varying calcium-phosphorus (CaP) concentration and fermentable substrates on digestibility of diets, intestinal microbiota and immune system using 32 crossbred pigs (initial BW 54.7 kg). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal (CSB) or corn-field pea (CFP) diet with either low [-] (4.4 g Ca/kg; 4.2 g total P/kg) or high [+] (8.3 g Ca/kg; 7.5 g total P/kg; supplemented with monocalcium phosphate) CaP content for a period of 9 weeks. In week 8, blood samples were taken, and at the end of the trial, all pigs were euthanized to collect digesta and mesenteric lymphoid tissue. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P was greater (p < 0.05) for pigs fed the CaP+ and CFP diets than CaP- and CSB diets. The myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6 ) concentration in jejunal digesta was higher (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than in CaP- fed pigs. In addition, caecal and faecal InsP5 isomer concentration were greater (p < 0.05) for CSB than CFP diets. In the caecum, gene copy numbers of saccharolytic bacteria, such as Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., as well as SCFA concentration were higher (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than CaP- diets. In particular, innate immune cell numbers, such as natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils, were greater (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than CaP- fed pigs. Diets high in CaP resulted in higher abundance of potential beneficial bacteria and might promote the first line of defence enhancing the activation of the cellular adaptive immune response, thereby possibly decreasing the risk for intestinal disturbances. These results strongly suggest that both, CaP supply and dietary ingredients differing in fermentability, may beneficially affect gut health through increase in SCFA-producing bacteria and/or bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maria Elisabeth Heyer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonja Schmucker
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Burbach
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meike Eklund
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Filippo Capezzone
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Steuber
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Teixeira C, Prykhodko O, Alminger M, Fåk Hållenius F, Nyman M. Barley Products of Different Fiber Composition Selectively Change Microbiota Composition in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701023. [PMID: 30035373 PMCID: PMC6175208 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scope Several dietary fiber properties are suggested to be important for the profiling of the microbiota composition, but those characteristics are rather unclear. Whether different physico‐chemical properties of barley dietary fiber influence the gut microbiota composition is investigated. Methods and results Seven diets containing equal amounts of dietary fiber from barley malts, brewer's spent grain (BSG), and barley extracts, resulting in varying amounts of β‐glucan, soluble arabinoxylan, and insoluble arabinoxylan in the diets were given to conventional rats. Malts increased microbiota alpha diversity more than BSG and the extracts. The intake of soluble arabinoxylan was related to Akkermansia and propionic acid formation in the cecum of rats, whereas β‐glucan and/or insoluble arabinoxylan were attributed to some potentially butyrate‐producing bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Allobaculum). Conclusion This study demonstrates that there is a potential to stimulate butyrate‐ and propionate‐producing bacteria in the cecum of rats with malt products of specific fiber properties. Moreover, BSG, a by product from beer production, added to malt can possibly be used to further modulate the microbiota composition, toward a higher butyric acid formation. A complex mixture of fiber as in the malts is of greater importance for microbiota diversity than purer fiber extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teixeira
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food and Nutrition Science, Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Alminger
- Food and Nutrition Science, Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Wang L, Zhang H, Beltranena E, Zijlstra R. Diet nutrient and energy digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed hulled or hull-less barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre to replace wheat grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Zhu Y, González-Ortiz G, Solà-Oriol D, López-Colom P, Martín-Orúe SM. Screening of the ability of natural feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets to interfere with the attachment of ETEC K88 (F4) to intestinal epithelial cells. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Hu ED, Chen DZ, Wu JL, Lu FB, Chen L, Zheng MH, Li H, Huang Y, Li J, Jin XY, Gong YW, Lin Z, Wang XD, Xu LM, Chen YP. High fiber dietary and sodium butyrate attenuate experimental autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of immune regulatory cells and intestinal barrier. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:24-32. [PMID: 29627063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is chronic autoimmune liver disease accompanied with the imbalance of Treg/Th17 and increased intestinal permeability. We investigated the effects of a high fiber diet and sodium butyrate on the Treg/Th17 and intestinal barrier function in an experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Intraperitoneal injection of hepatic antigen (S100) was used to induce experimental autoimmune hepatitis mice model and mice were divided into normal control, S100 model control, S100 plus high fiber diet and S100 plus sodium butyrate. Serum aminotransferases and liver histology were examined. Short chain fatty acids in feces were determined by HPLC. The ratio of CD4 + C25 + Foxp3+ Treg and CD4 + IL-17 + Th17 were evaluated by flow cytometry. Tight junction proteins Zonula ocluden, Occludin and Claudin-1 were used to assess intestinal barrier function, so does Escherichia coli protein in the liver. Mice fed with either high fiber diet or sodium butyrate showed significantly lower levers of serum aminotransferases and minor liver injury compared to that of model control. Moreover, the ratio of Treg/Th17 was significantly higher in high fiber diet and sodium butyrate fed mice than that in model control. Furthermore, high fiber diet and sodium butyrate significantly increased intestinal tight junction proteins and decreased Escherichia Coli protein in the liver. In conclusion, high fiber diet and sodium butyrate can attenuate development of autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of immune regulatory cells and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-De Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Medicine School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003,China
| | - Jin-Lu Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Bin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Wen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Man Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Effect of barley supplementation on the fecal microbiota, caecal biochemistry, and key biomarkers of obesity and inflammation in obese db/db mice. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2513-2528. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Heinritz SN, Weiss E, Seifert J, Mosenthin R, Kuß S, Degenhardt AG, Koch TJ. Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:474-482. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Heinritz
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - E. Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - J. Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - R. Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - S. Kuß
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
| | - A. G. Degenhardt
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
| | - T. J. Koch
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
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14
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Bolvig AK, Nørskov NP, Hedemann MS, Foldager L, McCarthy-Sinclair B, Marco ML, Lærke HN, Bach Knudsen KE. Effect of Antibiotics and Diet on Enterolactone Concentration and Metabolome Studied by Targeted and Nontargeted LC-MS Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2135-2150. [PMID: 28294620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High plant lignan intake is associated with a number of health benefits, possibly induced by the lignan metabolite enterolactone (ENL). The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in converting dietary lignans into ENL, and epidemiological studies have shown that use of antibiotics is associated with lower levels of ENL. Here we investigate the link between antibiotic use and lignan metabolism in pigs using LC-MS/MS. The effect of lignan intake and antibiotic use on the gut microbial community and the pig metabolome is studied by 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted LC-MS. Treatment with antibiotics resulted in substantially lower concentrations of ENL compared with concentrations detected in untreated animals, whereas the plasma concentrations of plant lignans were unchanged. Both diet and antibiotic treatment affected the clustering of urinary metabolites and significantly altered the proportions of taxa in the gut microbiota. Diet, but not antibiotic treatment, affected the plasma lipid profile, and a lower concentration of LDL cholesterol was observed in the pigs fed a high lignan diet. This study provides solid support for the associations between ENL concentrations and use of antibiotics found in humans and indicates that the lower ENL concentration may be a consequence of the ecological changes in the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bolvig
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Natalja P Nørskov
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette S Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.,Bioinformatics Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , C.F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brendan McCarthy-Sinclair
- Robert Mondavi Institute, University of California, Davis , 392 Old Davis Road, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Maria L Marco
- Robert Mondavi Institute, University of California, Davis , 392 Old Davis Road, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Helle N Lærke
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Knud E Bach Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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15
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Knudsen KEB, Lærke HN, Ingerslev AK, Hedemann MS, Nielsen TS, Theil PK. Carbohydrates in pig nutrition – Recent advances. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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16
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17
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Impact of a High-Fat or High-Fiber Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Markers in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050317. [PMID: 27223303 PMCID: PMC4882729 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To further elaborate interactions between nutrition, gut microbiota and host health, an animal model to simulate changes in microbial composition and activity due to dietary changes similar to those in humans is needed. Therefore, the impact of two different diets on cecal and colonic microbial gene copies and metabolic activity, organ development and biochemical parameters in blood serum was investigated using a pig model. Four pigs were either fed a low-fat/high-fiber (LF), or a high-fat/low-fiber (HF) diet for seven weeks, with both diets being isocaloric. A hypotrophic effect of the HF diet on digestive organs could be observed compared to the LF diet (p < 0.05). Higher gene copy numbers of Bacteroides (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001) were present in intestinal contents of HF pigs, bifidobacteria were more abundant in LF pigs (p < 0.05). Concentrations of acetate and butyrate were higher in LF pigs (p < 0.05). Glucose was higher in HF pigs, while glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) showed higher concentrations upon feeding the LF diet (p < 0.001). However, C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased with time in LF pigs (p < 0.05). In part, these findings correspond to those in humans, and are in support of the concept of using the pig as human model.
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18
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Heinritz SN, Weiss E, Eklund M, Aumiller T, Louis S, Rings A, Messner S, Camarinha-Silva A, Seifert J, Bischoff SC, Mosenthin R. Intestinal Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites Are Changed in a Pig Model Fed a High-Fat/Low-Fiber or a Low-Fat/High-Fiber Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154329. [PMID: 27100182 PMCID: PMC4839692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites appear to be an important factor for gastrointestinal function and health. However, research is still needed to further elaborate potential relationships between nutrition, gut microbiota and host’s health by means of a suitable animal model. The present study examined the effect of two different diets on microbial composition and activity by using the pig as a model for humans. Eight pigs were equally allotted to two treatments, either fed a low-fat/high-fiber (LF), or a high-fat/low-fiber (HF) diet for 7 weeks. Feces were sampled at day 7 of every experimental week. Diet effects on fecal microbiota were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR, DNA fingerprinting and metaproteomics. Furthermore, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and ammonia concentrations were determined. Gene copy numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria (P<0.001) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P<0.05) were higher in the LF pigs, while Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the HF pigs (P<0.001). Higher numbers of proteins affiliated to Enterobacteriaceae were also present in the HF samples. Proteins for polysaccharide breakdown did almost exclusively originate from Prevotellaceae. Total and individual fecal SCFA concentrations were higher for pigs of the LF treatment (P<0.05), whereas fecal ammonia concentrations did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). Results provide evidence that beginning from the start of the experiment, the LF diet stimulated beneficial bacteria and SCFA production, especially butyrate (P<0.05), while the HF diet fostered those bacterial groups which have been associated with a negative impact on health conditions. These findings correspond to results in humans and might strengthen the hypothesis that the response of the porcine gut microbiota to a specific dietary modulation is in support of using the pig as suitable animal model for humans to assess diet-gut-microbiota interactions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja N. Heinritz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meike Eklund
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rings
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Messner
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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