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Xu J, Wang X, Yu H, Chai X, Zhang M, Wu HH, Wang Y. Study on Quality Characteristic of Chebulae Fructus and Its Adulterants and Degradation Pathway of Hydrolyzable Tannins. Molecules 2024; 29:2399. [PMID: 38792262 PMCID: PMC11123712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chebulae Fructus (CF) is known as one of the richest sources of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of the 12 common phenolcarboxylic and tannic constituents (PTCs). Using this method, quantitative analysis was accomplished in CF and other four adulterants, including Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus, Phyllanthi Fructus, Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, and Canarii Fructus. Based on a quantitative analysis of the focused compounds, discrimination of CF and other four adulterants was successfully accomplished by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Additionally, the total contents of the 12 compounds that we focused on in this study were unveiled as 148.86 mg/g, 96.14 mg/g, and 18.64 mg/g in exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and seed of CF, respectively, and PTCs were witnessed to be the most abundant in the exocarp of CF. Noticeably, the HTs (chebulagic acid, chebulanin acid, chebulinic acid, and punicalagin) were observed to be ultimately degraded to chebulic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid during sunlight-drying of the fresh fruits. As a result, our study indicated that CF and its adulterants could be distinguished by the observed 12 PTCs, which were mainly distributed in the exocarp of the fruits. The HTs were prone to degrade into the three simple phenolcarboxylic acids during drying or processing, allowing us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the PTCs, with great significance in the improved quality of CF and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin Chai
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Aashima, Rathi M, Shilpi, Akash, Kaur K, Kriplani P, Guarve K. Chebulinic Acid: An Incipient Anticancer Agent. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:298-307. [PMID: 37605424 DOI: 10.2174/1574892819666230821110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) comprising chebulinic acid as its principle active constituent is used to cure various diseases. T. chebula and chebulinic acid are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiproliferative, antiarthritic, anticaries, and so on. OBJECTIVE The objective of this current study is to give an overview of the recent literature and patents of T. chebula and chebulinic acid including methods of its isolation/extraction and their application in the prevention of various cancers and other diseases. METHODS Present research and patents highlighting the anti-cancer potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid have been studied and discussed keeping in view the scientific novelty and impact. RESULTS Both T. chebula and chebulinic acid are currently being explored for their anticancer potential in vitro and in vivo. They are either incorporated alone or in combination with other plants or drugs to show their activity and many clinical trials are also going on various potentials of the plant and chebulinic acid. Novel extraction techniques are also explored and patented. Efforts are being made to improve the bioavailability by developing Novel herbal drug delivery systems of the plant extract or chebulinic acid itself. CONCLUSION Anti-cancer potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid may be well established by promising clinical trials and may open new interventions in various tumors. Clinical trials in conjunction with standard therapies are required to explore and validate the actual potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Mehak Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Shilpi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kriplani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
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Sultan MT, Anwar MJ, Imran M, Khalil I, Saeed F, Neelum S, Alsagaby SA, Al Abdulmonem W, Abdelgawad MA, Hussain M, El-Ghorab AH, Umar M, Al Jbawi E. Phytochemical profile and pro-healthy properties of Terminalia chebula: A comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2166951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal-Pakistan, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Khalil
- Institute of Food and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Neelum
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AL-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wen C, Dechsupa N, Yu Z, Zhang X, Liang S, Lei X, Xu T, Gao X, Hu Q, Innuan P, Kantapan J, Lü M. Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:4856. [PMID: 37375411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a natural hydrolyzable gallotannin abundant in various plants and herbs. It has a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities, and numerous molecular targets. Despite multiple studies available on the pharmacological action of PGG, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PGG are unclear. Here, we have critically reviewed the natural sources of PGG, its anticancer properties, and underlying mechanisms of action. We found that multiple natural sources of PGG are available, and the existing production technology is sufficient to produce large quantities of the required product. Three plants (or their parts) with maximum PGG content were Rhus chinensis Mill, Bouea macrophylla seed, and Mangifera indica kernel. PGG acts on multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer to inhibit growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of several cancers. Moreover, PGG can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by modulating various cancer-associated pathways. Therefore, PGG can be used for treating different human cancers; nevertheless, the data on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PGG are limited, and further studies are essential to define the clinical use of PGG in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xianying Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolan Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Phattarawadee Innuan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muhan Lü
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Agrawal OD, Kulkarni YA. Treatment with Terminalia chebula Extract Reduces Insulin Resistance, Hyperglycemia and Improves SIRT1 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051168. [PMID: 37240813 DOI: 10.3390/life13051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula Retz., Family Combretaceae (T. chebula) is one of the important plants mentioned in Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine. The present work was designed to study the effect of the aqueous extract of T. chebula fruits in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS The aqueous extract of the fruits was prepared by the double maceration technique. The extract was subjected to HPTLC analysis, which showed the presence of ellagic acid and gallic acid. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with a low dose of Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) after administering a high-fat diet for fourteen days. Diabetic animals were treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of aqueous extract of T. chebula fruits for six weeks. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed a significantly (511.7 ± 17.6) (p < 0.001) high plasma glucose level compared to the normal group (106 ± 3.358). The T. chebula treatment group showed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in plasma glucose at 500 mg/kg (394.3 ± 10.35) and 1000 mg/kg (368.6 ± 30.08) doses when compared with the diabetic control group. Treatment with aqueous extract significantly reduced lipid parameters in diabetic animals when compared to the animals in the diabetic control group. Treatment with extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in AST (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) when compared with diabetic control rats. Treatment with extract significantly reduced ALT at 500 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and 1000 mg/kg (p < 0.001) doses when compared with diabetic control rats. The extract treatment improved insulin sensitivity and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and significantly decreased HOMR-IR. Treatment with T. chebula aqueous extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased the level of GSH (p < 0.05) when compared to diabetic control rats. T. chebula treatment at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased levels of CAT (p < 0.01). Histopathology of pancreatic tissue revealed that the extract has a protective effect against the damage caused by hyperglycemia. Immunohistochemistry of pancreatic tissue showed increased expression of SIRT1 in diabetic animals treated with the extract. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the extract of T. chebula has significant effects in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojaskumar D Agrawal
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
- Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
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Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Supplementation with Standardized Terminalia chebula Fruit Extracts Reduces Facial Sebum Excretion, Erythema, and Wrinkle Severity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041591. [PMID: 36836126 PMCID: PMC9963432 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula (TC) is a medicinal plant that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties and that is widely used in Ayurveda and herbal formulations. However, the skin effects of TC as an oral supplement have not been studied. The objective of this study is to determine if oral TC fruit extract supplementation can modulate the skin's sebum production and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. A prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on healthy females aged 25-65. Subjects were supplemented with an oral placebo or Terminalia chebula (250 mg capsule, Synastol TC) capsules twice daily for eight weeks. A facial image collection and analysis system was used to assess the facial appearance of wrinkle severity. Standardized, non-invasive tools were used to measure facial moisture, sebum production, transepidermal water loss, melanin index and erythema index. For those who had a baseline sebum excretion rate >80 ug/cm2, TC supplementation produced a significant decrease in forehead sebum excretion rate compared to the placebo at four weeks (-17 decrease vs. 20% increase, p = 0.07) and at eight weeks (-33% decrease vs. 29% increase, p < 0.01). Cheek erythema decreased by 2.2% at eight weeks, while the placebo treatment increased cheek erythema by 1.5% (p < 0.05). Facial wrinkles decreased by 4.3% in the TC group and increased by 3.9% in the placebo group after eight weeks of supplementation (p < 0.05). TC supplementation reduces facial sebum and improves the appearance of wrinkles. Future studies should consider evaluating oral TC as adjuvant therapy for acne vulgaris.
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Giri AK, Biswal B, Jena B, Acharya L. Phytochemicals with ROS scavenging activity and nutritional analyses of an underutilized fruit from Odisha (Eugenia roxburghii DC.). FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dall’Acqua S, Sut S, Zengin G, Peron G, Elbasan F, Yildiztugay E, Bibi Sadeer N, Mahomoodally MF. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Three Prangos Species (P. heyniae, P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and P. uechtritzii) Depicted by Comprehensive LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091712. [PMID: 36139785 PMCID: PMC9495836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify/quantify bioactive compounds and determine the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Prangos heyniae H. Duman and M.F. Watson, Prangos meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and Prangos uechtritzii Boiss. and Hausskn. This is the first time such a report has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity (especially enzyme inhibitory properties) of these plants. A combined approach of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (HR-MS and MSn) allowed to identify that P. heyniae contains condensed tannins; P. meliocarpoides is rich in hydrolysable tannins; and P. uechtritzii possesses coumarins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Different extracts were tested for antioxidant activities using a battery of assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (phosphomolybdenum), and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase as target enzymes. The obtained results depended on the extraction solvents used for each Prangos species. The methanol extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides exhibited significant radical scavenging activity (DPPH: 52.27 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; ABTS: 92.84 mg TE/g), the most potent-reducing potential (CUPRAC: 154.04 mg TE/g; FRAP: 104.34 mg TE/g), and high TAC (2.52 mmol TE/g). Moreover, the strongest BChE (7.97 mg galantamine equivalent/g), α-amylase (0.46 mmol acarbose equivalent/g), and tyrosinase (81.15 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) inhibitory effects were observed for the hexane extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between hydrolysable tannins and antioxidant activities. The same trend was also observed between the same class of compounds and the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activities. These results suggest a principal role of hydrolysable tannins in the observed bioactivities of Prangos. Our results suggested that the tested Prangos species could be valuable as sources of natural agents in the development of health-promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Traditional Herbal Medicine Atrifil and Oshagh Gum on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats. Adv Urol 2022; 2022:5742431. [PMID: 35847835 PMCID: PMC9277211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5742431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease that affects elderly men with various complications. This study evaluates the effects of an Iranian traditional herbal medicine “Atrifil and Oshagh gum” on BPH in male Wistar rats. Atrifil is a combination of three medicinal plants: Emblica officinalis Gaertn, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Terminalia bellerica Retz” extracts, and Oshagh gum is Dorema ammoniacum D. Dono gum. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, disease, finasteride, and extract with 300 and 600 mg/kg groups. The extract is a combination of hydroalcoholic Atrifil extract and Oshagh gum. All groups received intramuscular testosterone enanthate to induce BPH except the normal control group. On the twenty-eighth day, prostate glands were separated. Histopathological changes were observed. Furthermore, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate weights were measured. The binding propensities of finasteride, equol, and flavonoids present in this extract such as quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol for 5α-reductase, estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and estrogen-related receptor gamma were assessed using in silico docking approach. Histopathological evaluation, biochemical parameter, and PSA level results indicated significant inhibition of accruing and progression of BPH in groups treated with 600 mg/kg extract (p < 0.01). Furthermore, molecular docking showed that rutin had a high affinity to bind the receptors 5α-reductase, estrogen receptor beta, and estrogen-related receptor gamma even more than finasteride, and on average, quercetin had a higher affinity to all these receptors. In the end, it can be concluded that Atrifil and Oshagh gum is effective in preventing BPH.
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Ou-Yang JR, Wang QF, Li MM, Yue HL, He HP. Chemical constituents isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, Liao X, Zhao L. A Novel Method of a High Pressure Processing Pre-Treatment on the Juice Yield and Quality of Persimmon. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123069. [PMID: 34945620 PMCID: PMC8700792 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a high pressure processing pre-treatment (pre-HPP) on the juice yield of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) pulp and the pre-HPP plus HPP or thermal processing (TP) on microorganism inactivation and quality changes of the persimmon juice. The “Gongcheng” persimmon was selected with the highest juice yield (48.9%), and the pre-HPP set at 300 MPa/8 min increased the juice yield by 60% through an increasing pectin methylesterase (PME) activity of 25.03% and by maintaining polygalacturonase (PG) activity. For different processing modes, namely, pre-HPP plus HPP at 550 Mpa/5 min and pre-HPP plus TP treatment at 95 °C/5 min, both of the guaranteed microorganisms in the juice were below 2.0 lg CFU/mL; however, the persimmon juice treated by the pre-HPP plus HPP had higher contents of total phenol and ascorbic acid which were 16.07 mg GAE/100 g and 17.92 mg/100 mL, respectively, a lower content of soluble tannin which was 55.64 μg/mL, better clarity which was 18.6% and less color change where the ΔE was only 2.68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yilun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhen Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongtao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua 225700, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1062737464
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12
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Mani V, Sajid S, Rabbani SI, Alqasir AS, Alharbi HA, Alshumaym A. Anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:493-502. [PMID: 34765513 PMCID: PMC8572707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula (T.chebula) fruit is referred as "King of Medicines" in Tibet and is listed as a key plant in "Ayurvedic Materia Medica" due to its diverse pharmacological activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the comorbid antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of ethanol extract from T.chebula fruit using experimental behavioral tests in mice. In addition, the study explored the effects of extract on monoamine oxidase -A (MAO-A) levels in mouse brain. Two doses of the T.chebula extract (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated continuously for fifteen days to mice. Regarding antidepressant-like effects, the treatment of T.chebula extract at both dose (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) levels resulted with significant (p < 0.001) reduction in duration of immobility time and increase in swimming time as compared to control group in forced swimming test. Moreover, both doses declined the duration of immobility time in the tail suspension test and increased the number of crossing in the center area using open-field test. Additionally, the dose 200 mg/kg treatment showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in MAO-A activity in mouse brain. For anxiolytic activity, both doses significantly (p < 0.001) improved the time spent in open arm and the number of head dips in elevated plus maze test. The higher duration of time spent in light chamber and higher number of crossing between the light and dark chambers by extract treatment in light-dark box test also supported the anxiolytic behavior. The obtained results supported the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of ethanol extract of T.chebula in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saud Alqasir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Abdullah Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshumaym
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Sabir SM, Zeb A, Mahmood M, Abbas SR, Ahmad Z, Iqbal N. Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:737-740. [PMID: 32965334 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.230628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa is an important dietary plant which possess several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, anticancer and anti clotting etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile of Curcuma longa and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In HPLC chromatogram of Curcuma longa rhizome extract 15 phenolic compounds were identified namely Digalloyl-hexoside, Caffeic acid hexoside, Curdione, Coumaric, Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Qurecetin-3-D-galactoside, Casuarinin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcuminol, Demethoxycurcumin, and Isorhamnetin, Valoneic acid bilactone, Curcumin, Curcumin-O-glucuronide respectively. The ethanolic extract displayed an IC50 value of 37.1±0.3 µg/ml against alpha glucosidase. The IC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 27.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of Curcuma long is rich source of curcumin and contain several important phenolics. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of the plant justifies its popular use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sabir
- University of Poonch, Department of Chemistry, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - A Zeb
- University of Malakand, Department of Biochemistry, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - M Mahmood
- University of Poonch, Department of Zoology, Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S R Abbas
- Karakoram International University, Hunza Campus, Department of Biological Sciences, Gigit, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmad
- The Islamia University Bahawalpur,University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - N Iqbal
- University of Poonch, Department of Chemistry, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
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14
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Nallusamy S, Mannu J, Ravikumar C, Angamuthu K, Nathan B, Nachimuthu K, Ramasamy G, Muthurajan R, Subbarayalu M, Neelakandan K. Exploring Phytochemicals of Traditional Medicinal Plants Exhibiting Inhibitory Activity Against Main Protease, Spike Glycoprotein, RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase and Non-Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 Through Virtual Screening. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667704. [PMID: 34305589 PMCID: PMC8295902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being a causative agent for global pandemic disease nCOVID’19, has acquired much scientific attention for the development of effective vaccines and drugs. Several attempts have been made to explore repurposing existing drugs known for their anti-viral activities, and test the traditional herbal medicines known for their health benefiting and immune-boosting activity against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, efforts were made to examine the potential of 605 phytochemicals from 37 plant species (of which 14 plants were endemic to India) and 139 antiviral molecules (Pubchem and Drug bank) in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 multiple protein targets through a virtual screening approach. Results of our experiments revealed that SARS-CoV-2 MPro shared significant disimilarities against SARS-CoV MPro and MERS-CoV MPro indicating the need for discovering novel drugs. This study has screened the phytochemical cyanin (Zingiber officinale) which may exhibit broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against main proteases of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with binding energies of (−) 8.3 kcal/mol (−) 8.2 kcal/mol and (−) 7.7 kcal/mol respectively. Amentoflavone, agathisflavone, catechin-7-o-gallate and chlorogenin were shown to exhibit multi-target inhibitory activity. Further, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Vitex negundo, Solanum nigrum, Pedalium murex, Terminalia chebula, Azadirachta indica, Cissus quadrangularis, Clerodendrum serratum and Ocimum basilicumaree reported as potential sources of phytochemicals for combating nCOVID’19. More interestingly, this study has highlighted the anti-viral properties of the traditional herbal formulation “Kabasura kudineer” recommended by AYUSH, a unit of Government of India. Short listed phytochemicals could be used as leads for future drug design and development. Genomic analysis of identified herbal plants will help in unraveling molecular complexity of therapeutic and anti-viral properties which proffer lot of chance in the pharmaceutical field for researchers to scout new drugs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Nallusamy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jayakanthan Mannu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Caroline Ravikumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kandavelmani Angamuthu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Bharathi Nathan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kumaravadivel Nachimuthu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Gnanam Ramasamy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohankumar Subbarayalu
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Sharma R, Srivastava T, Pandey AR, Mishra T, Gupta B, Reddy SS, Singh SP, Narender T, Tripathi A, Chandramouli B, Sashidhara KV, Priya S, Kumar N. Identification of Natural Products as Potential Pharmacological Chaperones for Protein Misfolding Diseases. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2146-2156. [PMID: 33760394 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Defective protein folding and accumulation of misfolded proteins is associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, secretory, and metabolic disorders. Efforts are being made to identify small-molecule modulators or structural-correctors for conformationally destabilized proteins implicated in various protein aggregation diseases. Using a metastable-reporter-based primary screen, we evaluated pharmacological chaperone activity of a diverse class of natural products. We found that a flavonoid glycoside (C-10, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) stabilizes metastable proteins, prevents its aggregation, and remodels the oligomers into protease-sensitive species. Data was corroborated with additional secondary screen with disease-specific pathogenic protein. In vitro and cell-based experiments showed that C-10 inhibits α-synuclein aggregation which is implicated in synucleinopathies-related neurodegeneration. C-10 interferes in its structural transition into β-sheeted fibrils and mitigates α-synuclein aggregation-associated cytotoxic effects. Computational modeling suggests that C-10 binds to unique sites in α-synuclein which may interfere in its aggregation amplification. These findings open an avenue for comprehensive SAR development for flavonoid glycosides as pharmacological chaperones for metastable and aggregation-prone proteins implicated in protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulika Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Alka Raj Pandey
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashri Gupta
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Suriya P Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Aradhya Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Niti Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
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16
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Aamir K, Sugumar V, Khan HU, Looi CY, Juneja R, Waqas M, Arya A. Non-toxic nature of chebulinic acid on biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis in normal Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:159-174. [PMID: 35419271 PMCID: PMC8960548 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chebulinic acid (CA) is an ellagitannins isolated from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula with diverse pharmacological activities. The present study focused on the acute toxicity of CA in normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. CA was administered via oral gavage to different groups in 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight and vehicle respectively. All the animals were monitored carefully for any physiological or behavioral changes for 14 days. On day 15th animals were euthanized and blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Different tissues were collected for histopathological study using four different staining techniques (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, periodic acid Schiff and picro sirius red) to observe any pathological alterations. The results highlighted no morbidity and mortality after oral ingestion of CA (300 and 2000 mg/kg). Food and water consumption, body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were normal without any gross pathological lesions in harvested tissues. The outcome of the current study supported safety of CA even at high dose. However, further detailed study is required on experimentally disease model to unfold its therapeutic potential in laboratory animals.
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Feng XH, Xu HY, Wang JY, Duan S, Wang YC, Ma CM. In vivo hepatoprotective activity and the underlying mechanism of chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula fruit. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153479. [PMID: 33561764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. is one of the most widely used herbal drug in Traditional medicine prescriptions including those for liver diseases. In the screening of bioactive constituents that have potential hepatoprotective activity, chebulinic acid (CA) which is a major chemical constituent of T. chebula fruit showed potent activity. PURPOSE This work was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective activity and mechanisms of CA. METHODS The hepatoprotective effect of CA was examined on hepatotoxic models of cells, zebrafish larvae and mice caused by tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (t-BHP), acetaminophen (APAP) and CCl4, respectively. RESULTS Pretreatment with CA could prevent t-BHP-induced damage in L-02 hepatocytes by blocking the production of ROS, reducing LDH levels and enhancing HO-1 and NQO1 expression via MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. In animal experiments, CA significantly protected mice from CCl4-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by reduced ALT, AST and MDA levels, enhanced SOD activity, improved liver histopathological changes, and the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. CA metabolized to chebulic acid isomers with DPPH radical scavenging activity. In a transgenic zebrafish line with liver specific expression of DsRed RFP, CA diminished the hepatotoxicity induced by 10 mM APAP. CONCLUSION Experiments in cell and two animal models demonstrated consistent results and comprehensively expounded the hepatoprotective effects of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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18
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:718-729. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Sabir SM, Abbas SR, Shahida S, Khan MF. In-Vitro antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidative activities and In-Silico study of Terminalia chebula bioactive compounds. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the antioxidant activities and to identify the bioactive compounds in hot water extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit.
Methods
The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH assay, lipid peroxidation assay, iron chelation and total antioxidant assay. The phenolic composition was determined by HPLC-DAD. Human Rab8b Protein was used for the validation of compounds as anti-inflammation. String analysis for protein synergism was used.
Results
The analysis of Terminalia chebula Retzius (Combretaceae) phenolics showed anti-inflammatory effect. The specific phenolic compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and resulted in the identification of rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, gallicacid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin as antioxidant compounds. Human Rab8b protein is selected for protein docking and all compounds except rutin showed good results. ADMET properties were checked by using AdmetSar and all seven compounds showed validation for AMET properties. The synergisms of compounds were analyzed by STRING analysis and our ligands shows strong binding with human Rab8b proteins. The aqueous extract was capable of inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in egg yolk phospholipid homogenate. The extract scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50,71.5 ± 2.1 μg/ml). The extract displayed the high metal chelation activities and reducing abilities on the phosphomolybdenum assay.
Conclusions
It is concluded that extracts of T. chebula have good antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities and are rich in phenolics.
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20
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Plant secondary metabolites induced electron flux in microbial fuel cell: investigation from laboratory-to-field scale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17185. [PMID: 33057031 PMCID: PMC7560832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment coupled with electricity recovery in microbial fuel cell (MFC) prefer mixed anaerobic sludge as inoculum in anodic chamber than pure stain of electroactive bacteria (EAB), due to robustness and syntrophic association. Genetic modification is difficult to adopt for mixed sludge microbes for enhancing power production of MFC. Hence, we demonstrated use of eco-friendly plant secondary metabolites (PSM) with sub-lethal concentrations to enhance the rate of extracellular electron transfer between EAB and anode and validated it in both bench-scale as well as pilot-scale MFCs. The PSMs contain tannin, saponin and essential oils, which are having electron shuttling properties and their addition to microbes can cause alteration in cell morphology, electroactive behaviour and shifting in microbial population dynamics depending upon concentrations and types of PSM used. Improvement of 2.1-times and 3.8-times in power densities was observed in two different MFCs inoculated with Eucalyptus-extract pre-treated mixed anaerobic sludge and pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, as compared to respective control MFCs operated without adding Eucalyptus-extract to inoculum. When Eucalyptus-extract-dose was spiked to anodic chamber (125 l) of pilot-scale MFC, treating septage, the current production was dramatically improved. Thus, PSM-dosing to inoculum holds exciting promise for increasing electricity production of field-scale MFCs.
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Li P, Du R, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhan P, Liu X, Kang D, Chen Z, Zhao X, Wang L, Rong L, Cui Q. Punicalagin is a neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza viruses. J Med Virol 2020; 93:3465-3472. [PMID: 32827314 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes great morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. However, there are only a limited number of drugs clinically available against IAV infection. Further, emergence of drug-resistant strains can render those drugs ineffective. Thus there is an unmet medical need to develop new anti-influenza agents. In this study, we show that punicalagin from plants possesses strong anti-influenza activity with a low micromolar IC50 value in tissue culture. Using a battery of bioassays such as single-cycle replication assay, neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay, and virus yield reduction assay, we demonstrate that the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of punicalagin is the NA-mediated viral release. Moreover, punicalagin can inhibit replication of different strains of influenza A and B viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant virus (NA/H274Y), indicating that punicalagin is a broad spectrum antiviral against both IAV and IBV. Further, although punicalagin targets NA like oseltamivir, it has a different MOA. These results suggest that punicalagin is an influenza NA inhibitor that may be further developed as a novel antiviral against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Research Center, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Research Center, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Jha AK, Sit N. Drying characteristics and kinetics of colour change and degradation of phytocomponents and antioxidant activity during convective drying of deseeded Terminalia chebula fruit. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Adhikari-Devkota A, Dirar AI, Hassan MM, Adhikari A, Belwal T, Devkota HP. Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2518-2533. [PMID: 32307775 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) are widely used as crude drugs in various traditional medicine systems. The aim of this article is to review the available scientific information regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and the pharmacological activities of T. chebula. Numerous researches conducted on T. chebula have confirmed the presence of wide range of the phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids and other bioactive compounds. T. chebula is also widely studied regarding its pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities among others. However, more in vivo and clinical studies for mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation should be conducted in future to provide stronger scientific evidences for their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Abhay P Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Md Mahadi Hassan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuwan University, Kritipur, Nepal
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Zhang XR, Kaunda JS, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. The Genus Terminalia (Combretaceae): An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:357-392. [PMID: 31696441 PMCID: PMC6872704 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-00222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia Linn, a genus of mostly medium or large trees in the family Combretaceae with about 250 species in the world, is distributed mainly in southern Asia, Himalayas, Madagascar, Australia, and the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. Many species are used widely in many traditional medicinal systems, e.g., traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine practices. So far, about 39 species have been phytochemically studied, which led to the identification of 368 compounds, including terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, simple phenolics and so on. Some of the isolates showed various bioactivities, in vitro or in vivo, such as antitumor, anti HIV-1, antifungal, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, diarrhea and analgesic. This review covers research articles from 1934 to 2018, retrieved from SciFinder, Wikipedia, Google Scholar, Chinese Knowledge Network and Baidu Scholar by using "Terminalia" as the search term ("all fields") with no specific time frame setting for the search. Thirty-nine important medicinal and edible Terminalia species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry and related pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Sakah Kaunda
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Chang Z, Zhang Q, Liang W, Zhou K, Jian P, She G, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation of Tannins from Terminalia Linn. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:8623909. [PMID: 31885669 PMCID: PMC6925711 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8623909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tannins with complex structures are important plant resources, which are abundant in the genus Terminalia. Various Terminalia species have been playing an important role in traditional medicine system. A systematic scoping review of Terminalia Linn. research literature for tannins was conducted to summarize the structures of tannins and analysis fragmentation pathway characteristics, which could provide references for the structural analysis of tannins from Terminalia Linn. METHODS After an update of the literature search up to September 2018, the terms of Terminalia in all publications were analyzed. Electronic searches were conducted in scifinder and PubMed, and the information from 197 articles in all with regard to the tannin structure study was extracted. RESULTS The compounds of 82 tannins from the genus Terminalia were reviewed. According to the structural differences, they can be divided into three categories, hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins, and complex tannins, respectively. The fragmentation pathways of 46 identified tannins were analyzed, and the fragmentation rules of tannins were speculated according to different types. CONCLUSION This review has attracted attention to the active substances in this species such as the tannins summarized in further study. How to improve the extraction and purification technology of tannins from genus Terminalia is an urgent problem to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiunan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wenyi Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ping Jian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lanzhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Diop EA, Jacquat J, Drouin N, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Diop T, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Quantitative CE analysis of punicalagin in Combretum aculeatum extracts traditionally used in Senegal for the treatment of tuberculosis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2820-2827. [PMID: 31407800 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious bacterial disease, which most commonly affects the lungs. In the search for novel active compounds or medicines against tuberculosis, an ethnopharmacological survey combined with a host-pathogen assay has recently highlighted the potency of an aqueous extract of Combretum aculeatum. C. aculeatum is used in traditional medicine and has demonstrated a significant in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Punicalagin, an ellagitannin, was isolated and found to be related to the biological activity of the extract. An analytical method for the evaluation of punicalagin in C. aculeatum was developed by capillary electrophoresis. After method optimization, the quantification of punicalagin was achieved for the evaluation of various plant extracts to determine the content of punicalagin related to the extraction modes and conditions, origin of the plant material, and harvesting period. The developed method demonstrated that the leaves presented the highest punicalagin content compared to the seeds and stems. A decoction of 30 min in boiling water was found to be the best extraction mode of C. aculeatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElHadji Assane Diop
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jenna Jacquat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Drouin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tahir Diop
- Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ekambaram SP, Perumal SS, Erusappan T, Srinivasan A. Hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:275-287. [PMID: 31428953 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam: Combretaceae) (TC) is widely used in traditional system for the treatment of fever, asthma, urinary diseases, and rheumatism. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction (HTF) isolated from TC fruits in collagen-induced arthritic BALB/c mice. Type II collagen-induced arthritis was attained in BALB/c mice. HTF treatment at three gradual doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was started from 24th day on daily administration up to 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake, and increase in hind paw were monitored at weekly basis. At the end of the study, serum and joint tissues were estimated for proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters and the hind limbs were removed for radiological and histopathological evaluations. Oral administration of HTF could significantly protect CIA in BALB/c mice by reducing paw volume, arthritic score, spleen index, serum and joint cytokine level, and biochemical markers. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of HTF was further demonstrated by morphological observation, histopathological , and radiological evaluations. HTF is a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of joint inflammatory condition, as its action is mediated through cytokine inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Thamizharasi Erusappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Aswini Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
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28
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Lu Y, Yan H, Teng S, Yang X. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for preclinical pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of hydrolyzable tannins chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4425. [PMID: 30397912 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid in rat plasma and tissues and well used in the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies after intraperitoneal injection administration. Samples were processed with methanol by protein precipitation, and chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v). Quantification was performed by selected reaction monitoring with m/z 977.1 → 806.8 for chebulagic acid, m/z 979.0 → 808.7 for chebulinic acid and m/z 851.2 → 704.9 for the internal standard. Good linearity was observed over their respective concentration range. The pharmacokinetic study showed that both compounds reached their peak concentration values (605.8 ± 35.6 ng/mL for chebulinic acid and 1327.1 ± 118.6 ng/mL for chebulagic acid) at the same time of 0.9 h following intraperitoneal injection administration. The two compounds could be detected in blood-abundant tissues. The kidney had the highest concentrations (462.6 ± 138.5 ng/g for chebulinic acid and 1651.7 ± 167.7 ng/g for chebulagic acid) at 1 h post-dose, followed by the heart, liver, spleen and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xige Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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29
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Lin CJ, Liu CH, Wang JY, Lin CC, Li YF, Richardson CD, Lin LT. Small molecules targeting coxsackievirus A16 capsid inactivate viral particles and prevent viral binding. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:162. [PMID: 30254193 PMCID: PMC6156566 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is an etiologic agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that affects young children, and although typically self-limited, severe complications, and fatal cases have been reported. Due to the lack of specific medication and vaccines against CVA16, there is currently a need to develop effective antivirals to better control CVA16 infections in epidemic areas. In this study, we identified the tannins chebulagic acid (CHLA) and punicalagin (PUG) as small molecules that can efficiently disrupt the CVA16 infection of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Both compounds significantly reduced CVA16 infectivity at micromolar concentrations without apparent cytotoxicity. A mechanistic analysis revealed that the tannins particularly targeted the CVA16 entry phase by inactivating cell-free viral particles and inhibiting viral binding. Further examination by molecular docking analysis pinpointed the targets of the tannins in the fivefold axis canyon region of the CVA16 capsid near the pocket entrance that functions in cell surface receptor binding. We suggest that CHLA and PUG are efficient antagonists of CVA16 entry and could be of value as antiviral candidates or as starting points for developing molecules to treat CVA16 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, , Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Mandeville A, Cock IE. Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Extracts Inhibit Bacterial Triggers of Some Autoimmune Diseases and Potentiate the Activity of Tetracycline. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:496-506. [PMID: 30262960 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. is a northern Indian plant species known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. T. chebula fruit powder was extracted with solvents of varying polarity and screened for bacterial growth inhibition by disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by both liquid dilution and disc diffusion techniques. To screen for combinatorial effects, the T. chebula fruit extracts were combined with a range of conventional antibiotics and tested against each bacteria using a liquid dilution assay. Where synergy was detected, the optimal ratios were determined using isobologram analysis. Toxicity was examined using Artemia nauplii and HDF bioassays. T. chebula fruit methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts displayed strong antimicrobial activity against the bacterial triggers of all autoimmune inflammatory diseases except K. pneumoniae, for which only moderate inhibition was observed. Indeed, MIC values as low as 195 μg/mL were measured for the aqueous extract against a resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. Of further note, both the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts interacted synergistically in combination with tetracycline against K. pneumoniae (Σ FIC 0.38 and 0.25 respectively). All extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia and HDF toxicity assays, further indicating their potential for medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mandeville
- 1School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Ian Edwin Cock
- 1School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
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31
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Saha S, Verma RJ. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic extract ofTerminalia chebulaRetzius fruits. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Ramtej J. Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
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Kolla JN, Kulkarni NM, Kura RR, Theepireddy SKR. Terminalia chebula Retz. – an important medicinal plant. HERBA POLONICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Ayurveda, whispered to be the ancient practice of healthcare existed and contributes a holistic approach to health, healing and longevity. Terminalia chebula Retz. is a popular plant and widely spread all over southern Asia. T. chebula is a native plant of India and its dried fruit is extensively used in various types of home remedies. Dried fruit of T. chebula contains high quantities phenolic compounds that consist of ellagic acid, gallic acid and chebulic acid. The fruit extract of T. chebula is known to display different biological properties like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-protozoal, antimicrobial, hepato and renal protective activities, and in the management of metabolic syndrome. The phenolic active compounds might play vital role in the influence of biological activity. Fruit extract of T. chebula is widely employed as an important ingredient in various ayurvedic preparations like ‘Triphala’. This formulation is beneficial as detoxifying agent of the colon, purgative in chronic constipation, aids in digestion and as a body rejuvenator. The fruit has great medicinal significance and conventionally applied for the management of various illness conditions, such as sore throat, high cough, asthma, ulcers, gout, heart burn, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, bleeding piles and bladder diseases. It is also utilized as mild laxative, antispasmodic and stomachic. Because of these enormous medicinal properties, T. chebula is commonly termed as ‘King of Medicine’ in Tibet and can be called as a ‘wonder herb’. In the present review, recent advances in medicinal properties of T. chebula are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraj M. Kulkarni
- Hetero Research Foundation Plot No B80 & 81, A.P.I.E. Balanagar, Hyderabad-500018 Telangana , India
| | - Rathanakar Reddy Kura
- Hetero Research Foundation Plot No B80 & 81, A.P.I.E. Balanagar, Hyderabad-500018 Telangana , India
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Shokoohi R, Kianbakht S, Faramarzi M, Rahmanian M, Nabati F, Mehrzadi S, Huseini HF. Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:798-804. [PMID: 29228822 PMCID: PMC5871317 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217737683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of a herbal combination in the treatment of women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes. The herbal combination capsule (600 mg) contained Terminalia chebula fruit extract (200 mg), Commiphora mukul (200 mg), and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin (200 mg), and the placebo capsule contained 600 mg toast powder. The patients in one group took the herbal combination and those in the other group took placebo capsules 3 times a day for 3 months. In the herbal combination–treated patients, the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased and hidh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was increased significantly at the endpoint compared with the placebo and baseline. Other blood parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were not significantly changed after 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the herbal combination improves glycemic control and lipid profile in women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes without any adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- 2 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- 5 Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Fallah Huseini
- 2 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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34
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Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:519. [PMID: 28848436 PMCID: PMC5554347 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil D. Parvanov
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Kesharwani A, Polachira SK, Nair R, Agarwal A, Mishra NN, Gupta SK. Anti-HSV-2 activity of Terminalia chebula Retz extract and its constituents, chebulagic and chebulinic acids. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:110. [PMID: 28196487 PMCID: PMC5310005 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Development of new and effective therapeutics for sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection is important from public health perspective. With an aim to identify natural products from medicinal plants, in the present study, the potential of Terminalia chebula Retz was investigated for its activity against HSV-2. Methods Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz were used to prepare 50% ethanolic extract. In addition, chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid both purified from T. chebula were also used. The extract as well as purified compounds were first used to determine their in vitro cytotoxicity on Vero cells by MTT assay. T. chebula extract, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid along with acyclovir were subsequently assessed for direct anti-viral activity, and their ability to inhibit attachment and penetration of HSV-2 to the Vero cells. In addition, their anti-HSV-2 activity was also determined by in vitro post-infection plaque reduction assay. Results Cytotoxicity assay using Vero cells revealed CC50 = 409.71 ± 47.70 μg/ml for the extract whereas chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid showed more than 95% cell viability up to 200 μg/ml. The extract from T. chebula (IC50 = 0.01 ± 0.0002 μg/ml), chebulagic (IC50 = 1.41 ± 0.51 μg/ml) and chebulinic acids (IC50 = 0.06 ± 0.002 μg/ml) showed dose dependent potent in vitro direct anti-viral activity against HSV-2. These also effectively prevented the attachment as well as penetration of the HSV-2 to Vero cells. In comparison, acyclovir showed poor direct anti-viral activity and failed to significantly (p > 0.05) prevent the attachment as well as penetration of HSV-2 to Vero cells when tested upto 50 μg/ml. However, in post-infection plaque reduction assay, T. chebula extract, chebulagic and chebulinic acids showed IC50 values of 50.06 ± 6.12, 31.84 ± 2.64, and 8.69 ± 2.09 μg/ml, respectively, which were much lower than acyclovir (71.80 ± 19.95 ng/ml). Conclusions The results presented herein suggest that T. chebula extract, chebulagic and chebulinic acids have higher direct antiviral activity against HSV-2 and efficacy to inhibit virus attachment and penetration to the host cells as compared to acyclovir. However, acyclovir is more potent to inhibit post-infection virus replication. Hence, T. chebula may be a useful candidate for developing alternative therapy for prevention of sexually transmitted HSV-2 infection. Graphical abstract ᅟ
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An antidiabetic polyherbal phytomedicine confers stress resistance and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2016; 18:131-147. [PMID: 27853905 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An Ayurvedic polyherbal extract (PHE) comprising six herbs viz. Berberis aristata, Cyperus rotundus, Cedrus deodara, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica is mentioned as an effective anti-hyperglycemic agent in 'Charaka Samhita', the classical text of Ayurveda. Previously, antidiabetic drug metformin was found to elicit antiaging effects and PHE was also found to exhibit antidiabetic effects in humans. Therefore, we screened it for its in vivo antioxidant antiaging effect on stress and lifespan using human homologous Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The effect on aging is evaluated by studying effect of PHE on mean survival in worms. The stress modulatory potential was assessed by quantification of intracellular ROS level, autofluorescent age pigment lipofuscin, oxidative and thermal stress assays. Additionally, stress response was quantified using gene reporter assays. The 0.01 µg/ml dose of PHE was able to enhance mean lifespan by 16.09% (P < 0.0001) in C. elegans. Furthermore, PHE treated worms demonstrated oxidative stress resistance in both wild type and stress hypersensitive mev-1 mutant along with upregulation of stress response genes sod-3 and gst-4. The delayed aging under stress can be attributed to its direct reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity and regulation of some age associated genes like daf-2, daf-16, skn-1, sod-3 and gst-4 in wild-type worms. Additonally, PHE delayed age related paralysis phenotype in CL4176 transgenic worms. Altogether, our results suggest PHE significantly improves the oxidative stress and life span in C. elegans. Overall the present study suggests this polyherbal formulation might play important role in regultaing aging and related complications like diabetes.
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Yakaew S, Itsarasook K, Ngoenkam J, Jessadayannamaetha A, Viyoch J, Ungsurungsie M. Ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula fruit protects against UVB-induced skin damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2701-2707. [PMID: 27222341 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1179768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) has been used for several therapeutic purposes in Thai folk medicines. Currently, the ethanol extracts containing antioxidant compounds have shown the ability to promote collagen synthesis. OBJECTIVE This purpose of this work was to study the effects of the ethanol extract from T. chebula fruit on the inhibition of cutaneous photodamage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability of human skin fibroblasts after incubation with T. chebula at concentration 0.5-50 μg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 h was assessed by using sodium 3'-[(phenyl-amino)-carbonyl]-3,4,tetrazolium-bis(4-methoxy-6-notro)benzene-sulphonic acid hydrate (XTT). The levels of type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 produced by UVB-irradiated fibroblasts were determined by ELISA. Skin thickness and collagen content caused by long-term UVB irradiation in male ICR mice were determined from haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections and spectrophotometric measurement of hydroxyproline. RESULTS The extract (0.5-50 μg/mL) had no effect on cell viability or morphology of the human fibroblasts. In vitro studies showed that the T. chebula extract reduced the UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression, whereas an increased production of type I procollagen was observed. In a UVB-irradiated animal model, male ICR mice with hair shaved were chronically exposed to UVB which lead to epidermal thickness and loss of hydroxyproline. However, these effects were fully prevented by the topical application of the T. chebula ethanol extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These data suggested that the T. chebula ethanol fruit extract is an efficacious pharmaceutical protectant of skin against photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanya Yakaew
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Khwunjit Itsarasook
- b Department of Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Suan Dusit Rajabhat University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- c Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Arum Jessadayannamaetha
- d Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Malyn Ungsurungsie
- e Research & Development Division , S & J International Enterprises Public Company Limited , Bangkok , Thailand
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Thakur M, Asrani RK, Thakur S, Sharma PK, Patil RD, Lal B, Parkash O. Observations on traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in humans and animals of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh in North-Western Himalaya, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:280-300. [PMID: 27321279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are frequently used by Gaddi and Gujjar tribes of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh, India to cure various ailments in humans and livestock. Therefore, extensive field work was conducted to document the traditional use of ethnomedicinal plants by these tribes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Direct interviews of 208 informants were conducted. The data generated through interviews was analysed using quantitative tools such as use-value (UV), factor informant consensus (Fic) and fidelity level (Fl). RESULTS A total of 73 plant species in 67 genera and 40 families were observed to be medicinal and used to cure 22 ailment categories. The highest number of ethnomedicinal plants was recorded from the family Asteraceae followed by Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Acanthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part used to treat various ailments followed by whole plant and roots or rhizomes. Ajuga parviflora, Berberis lycium, Viola canescens, Vitex negundo and Zanthoxylum armatum were the most important medicinal plants used for treating human diseases, whereas Achyranthes bidentata, Aloe sp., Cassia fistula, Podophyllum hexandrum and Pogostemon benghalensis were the most important medicinal plants used for treating animal diseases as per use value. The important ailment categories classified on the basis of factor informant consensus were gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that people of the study area are extensively using the ethnomedicinal plants to cure various ailments. Plants with high use value and fidelity level should be subjected to pharmacological investigation for scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R K Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shalini Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Hamirpur, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R D Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Lal
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Parkash
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Gao J, Ajala OS, Wang CY, Xu HY, Yao JH, Zhang HP, Jukov A, Ma CM. Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of the fruit of Terminalia chebula and a Mongolian compound medicine-Gurigumu-7. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:300-309. [PMID: 26972503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Terminalia chebula (fructus chebulae) is an important Traditional Medicine used for intestinal and hepatic detoxification. Gurigumu-7 which is made of fructus chebulae and 6 other traditional medicines is one of the most frequently used compound Mongolian and Tibet medicines for liver diseases. Terminalia phenolics are considered as the bioactive constituents of fructus chebulae and consequently of Gurigumu-7. AIM OF THE STUDY To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7 and to evaluate the possible influence of intestinal bacterial metabolism on these pharmacokinetic profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established and validated for simultaneously determining the pharmacokinetic profiles of seven Terminalia phenolics after intragastric administration of pure compounds, fructus chebulae extract, and Gurigumu-7 extract. In vitro rat fecal lysates experiments were carried out to explore the metabolic discrepancy between fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7. RESULTS Seven Terminalia phenolics were detected in rat plasma after intragastric administration of the aqueous extracts of fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7. Administration of Gurigumu-7 could promote the absorption and increase the Cmax and AUC values of these phenolic constituents compared to fructus chebulae administration. The fecal lysates studies showed that the Terminalia phenolics in Gurigumu-7 were less rapidly bio-transformed than those in fructus chebulae. This may be a contributing factor to the pharmacokinetic discrepancy between the phenolics in fructus chebulae and Gurigumu-7. CONCLUSION Administration of Gurigumu-7 could increase the absorption of Terminalia phenolics through slowing down the intestinal bacteria metabolism. These results provide, in part, an in vivo rationale for the formulation of the traditional Mongolia / Tibet medicine, Gurigumu-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Olusegun S Ajala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lagos, CMUL/LUTH campus, PMB12003 Idiaraba-Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Chun-Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Jia-Huan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Azzaya Jukov
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Road, Huhhot 010021, PR China.
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An eco-friendly dyeing of woolen yarn by Terminalia chebula extract with evaluations of kinetic and adsorption characteristics. J Adv Res 2016; 7:473-82. [PMID: 27222752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study Terminalia chebula was used as an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of woolen yarn with primary emphasis on thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption aspects of dyeing processes. Polyphenols and ellagitannins are the main coloring components of the dye extract. Assessment of the effect of pH on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH. Effect of temperature on dye adsorption showed 80 °C as optimum temperature for wool dyeing with T. chebula dye extract. Two kinetic equations, namely pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations, were employed to investigate the adsorption rates. Pseudo second-order model provided the best fit (R (2) = 0.9908) to the experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption behavior accorded well (R (2) = 0.9937) with Langmuir isotherm model. Variety of eco-friendly and sustainable shades were developed in combination with small amount of metallic mordants and assessed in terms of colorimetric (CIEL(∗) a (∗) b (∗) and K/S) properties measured using spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer). The fastness properties of dyed woolen yarn against light, washing, dry and wet rubbing were also evaluated.
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Catelani TA, Bittar DB, Pezza L, Pezza HR. A Rapid and Eco-Friendly Method for Determination of Hydrolysable Tannins and Its Application to Honey Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Elendran S, Wang LW, Prankerd R, Palanisamy UD. The physicochemical properties of geraniin, a potential antihyperglycemic agent. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1719-1726. [PMID: 25853977 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1003356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Natural products play a vital role in the discovery of leads for novel pharmacologically active drugs. Geraniin (GE) was identified as the major compound in the rind of Nephelium lappaceum L. (Sapindaceae), while ellagic and gallic acids have been shown to be its main metabolites. GE and its metabolites possess a range of bioactive properties including being an anti-infective, anticarcinogenic, antihyperglycemic, and antihypertensive. OBJECTIVE GE and its metabolites were investigated to establish its gastrointestinal absorption and physicochemical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS GE was purified from N. lappaceum rind extract using reverse-phase C18 column chromatography. Lipophilicity (log P) was determined using the 1-octanol/water shake-flask method. Equilibrium solubility of GE and its metabolites (20 mg) was determined in water and four biorelevant media: simulated gastric, simulated intestinal, fasted state-simulated intestinal, and fed state-simulated intestinal after 72 h. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The purification yield was 10.8%; where a 97-99% pure GE was obtained. Log P values for GE, ellagic, and gallic acids were established as -0.73 ± 0.17, 0.11 ± 0.06, and 0.71 ± 0.21, respectively, establishing them as polar compounds. All three compounds were found to exhibit poor solubility in gastric (0.61-8.10 mg/mL) but good solubility in intestinal fluids (3.59-14.32 mg/mL). CONCLUSION The above results indicate that the compounds have limited gastrointestinal absorption due to its polarities. To consider these compounds as oral drug candidates, formulation strategies are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Elendran
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University , Selangor , Malaysia and
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula against t-BHP-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57/BL6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:517350. [PMID: 25691908 PMCID: PMC4321673 DOI: 10.1155/2015/517350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the hepatoprotective effects of Terminalia chebula water extract (TCW) and its corresponding pharmacological actions using C57/BL6 mice model of tert-butylhydroperoxide-(t-BHP-) induced acute liver injury. Mice were orally administered with TCW (0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or gallic acid (100 mg/kg) for 5 days before t-BHP (2.5 mM/kg) injection. Liver enzymes, histopathology, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant components, and inflammatory cytokines were examined 18 h after t-BHP injection. t-BHP injection caused dramatic elevation of serum AST, ALT, and LDH level, while TCW pretreatment notably attenuated these elevations. Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were notably increased in hepatic tissues, and then these were efficiently attenuated by TCW pretreatment. t-BHP injection notably increased malondialdehyde, total reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide in the liver tissue, while it markedly dropped the antioxidant activities including total antioxidant capacity, total glutathione contents, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. TCW pretreatment remarkably ameliorated these alterations, and these effects were relevant to gene expressions. Histopathological examinations supported the above findings. Collectively, these findings well prove that TCW beneficially prevents acute and severe liver injury and clarify its corresponding mechanisms involved in the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Mohammed A, Kumar D, Rizvi SI. Antidiabetic potential of some less commonly used plants in traditional medicinal systems of India and Nigeria. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 4:78-85. [PMID: 26401390 PMCID: PMC4566769 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20141030015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus continue to rise annually all over the world with India and Nigeria having recorded cases of 65.1 and 3.9 million respectively in 2013 and expected to increase by a large amount in 2035. Hyperglycemia is a pre-condition for the development of diabetic complications and is accompanied by an increase in the production of free radicals. The present available treatment option for diabetes like sulfonylurea, metformin and alpha-glucosidase are restricted by their limited actions, secondary failure rates, and side-effects; and unaffordable to the majority of the population. Hence, the need to screen for more medicinal plants with antidiabetic ability due to the fact that plants are; biodegradable, safe and cheap with fewer side-effects. In this review article, we have presented the current status of diabetes in India and Nigeria and the role of some less commonly used medicinal plants from both countries that have antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rekha V, Jayamathi, RamaKrishnan, Vijayalakshmi D, Prabu, Kumar N, Manipal S, Keerthidaa. Anti cariogenic effect of terminalia chebula. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC51-4. [PMID: 25302268 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9844.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula is one of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of many diseases and possesses a wide variety of therapeutic activities. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of Terminalia chebula against oral pathogens related to caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, Antimicrobial activity was tested using Kirby bouer method by streaking. Total phenol and total flavonoid content were analysed. Twenty high caries risk patients were subjected to rinse aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula. Salivary samples were collected for pH and microbial screening. Oral pathogens were identified by qualitative biochemical analysis. RESULTS The total phenol content of extract was found to be 21.33 ±1.633 (mean ± SD) and total flavonoids was found to be 23.17 ± 2.317 (mean ± SD). There was a gradual increase in pH till 45mts post-rinse when compared to pre-rinse was observed. Antimicrobial effect of Terminalia Chebula aganist microbes showed that there was a significant reduction between the pre-rinse and post-rinse samples. CONCLUSION These promising findings suggested the presence of antimicrobial activity of Terminalia Chebula against oral pathogens and proven to be an effective alternate antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayamathi
- Professor and HOD, Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - RamaKrishnan
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaki Vijayalakshmi
- Professor and HOD, Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabu
- Professor and HOD, Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandha Kumar
- Professor and HOD, Department of Orthodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Pondicherry, India
| | - Sunayana Manipal
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthidaa
- Under Graduate Student, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dhanani T, Shah S, Kumar S. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of tannin-related marker constituents gallic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, ellagic acid and chebulinic Acid in four Terminalia species from India. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:625-32. [PMID: 25190275 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A validated rapid HPLC-PDA method was developed for identification and quantification of five tannin-related constituents gallic acid (GA), corilagin (CL), chebulagic acid (CB), ellagic acid (EA) and chebulinic acid (CN) in the extracts prepared from the bark and fruits of four Terminalia species available in India. The separation of the five analytes was achieved on an RP-18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) at 25°C using a solvent mixture comprising of acetonitrile and (0.05%) trifluoroacetic acid-water in a gradient elution mode. Limit of detection was 1.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL for GA, CL, CB, EA and CN, respectively. Similarly, limit of quantification was 2.5, 1.0, 2.5, 1.0 and 2.5 μg/mL for GA, CL, CB, EA and CN, respectively. Good linearity (r(2) > 0.992) was observed for all the five compounds in wide concentration range. Using the developed HPLC method, the five analytes were identified and quantified in bark and fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia catappa. This is the first report of identification and quantification of the five tannin-related marker constituents in the bark and fruit extracts of T. chebula, T. bellirica, T. arjuna and T. catappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dhanani
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat 378310, India
| | - Sonal Shah
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat 378310, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat 378310, India
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Upadhyay A, Agrahari P, Singh D. A Review on the Pharmacological Aspects of Terminalia chebula. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.289.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Ogihara E, Yamamoto A, Fukatsu M, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Manosroi J, Akihisa T. Biological activities of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids from the galls of Terminalia chebula. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1448-63. [PMID: 23939793 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine phenolic compounds, including two phenolic carboxylic acids, 1 and 2, seven hydrolyzable tannins, 3-9, eight triterpenoids, including four oleanane-type triterpene acids, 10-13, and four of their glucosides, 14-17, isolated from a MeOH extract of the gall of Terminalia chebula Retz. (myrobalan tree; Combretaceae), were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, and against TPA-induced inflammation in mice. Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities and cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds 6-9 and 12 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against melanogenesis (39.3-66.3% melanin content) with low toxicity to the cells (74.5-105.9% cell viability) at a concentration of 10 μM. Western-blot analysis revealed that isoterchebulin (8) reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphtalmia-associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, and TRP-1 (=tyrosine-related protein 1), mostly in a concentration-dependent manner. Eight triterpenoids, 10-17, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction with the IC50 values in the range of 269-363 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA, while these compounds exhibited no DPPH scavenging activities (IC50 >100 μM). On the other hand, the nine phenolic compounds, 1-9, exhibited potent radical-scavenging activities (IC50 1.4-10.9 μM) with weak inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (IC50 460-518 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA). The tannin 6 and seven triterpenoids, 10-16, have been shown to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice with the ID50 values in the range of 0.06-0.33 μmol/ear. Arjungenin (10) exhibited inhibitory effect on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-9, 12, and 13, against HL60 cell line, compounds 1 and 4, against AZ521 cell line, and compounds 1, 11, and 12, against SK-BR-3 cell line, showed moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 13.9-73.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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49
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Singh D, Singh D, Choi SM, Zo SM, Painuli RM, Kwon SW, Han SS. Effect of Extracts of Terminalia chebula on Proliferation of Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts Cells: An Alternative Approach for Wound Healing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:701656. [PMID: 24719644 PMCID: PMC3955618 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula is one of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of many diseases. In the present work, different concentrations of various organic and aqueous extracts (solvent-free) of T. chebula were tested on fibroblast (L929) and keratinocytes cells to evaluate its biocompatible concentration by using MTT and live-dead viability/cytotoxic assay. These extracts were found to be effective in decreasing the ammonia accumulation in the media, thereby reducing its toxic effect on cells. DPPH assay further confirmed the free-radical scavenging ability of the extracts which increased with the increase in concentration of each extract. Cell proliferation/apoptosis, cytoskeletal structure, and ECM production were further evaluated by live-dead assay and phalloidin/cytokeratin staining, respectively. The cytoskeletal structure and ECM secretion of the cells treated with extracts showed higher cellular activity in comparison to control. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the effect of these extracts of T. chebula on both types of skin cells and optimized concentration in which it could be used as a bioactive component for wound healing applications by increasing cell proliferation and decreasing free-radical production without affecting the normal cellular matrix. It can also find applications in other therapeutics applications where ammonia toxicity is a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Singh
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
- YU-ECI Medical Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsanbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepti Singh
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
- YU-ECI Medical Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsanbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Choi
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Zo
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Mohan Painuli
- H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Garhwal, Srinagar, Pauri, Uttarakhand 246001, India
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
- YU-ECI Medical Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsanbuk-do 712749, Republic of Korea
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Comandini P, Lerma-García MJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Toschi TG. Tannin analysis of chestnut bark samples (Castanea sativa Mill.) by HPLC-DAD-MS. Food Chem 2014; 157:290-5. [PMID: 24679783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS method for the complete analysis of tannins and other phenolic compounds of different commercial chestnut bark samples was developed. A total of seven compounds (vescalin, castalin, gallic acid, vescalagin, 1-O-galloyl castalagin, castalagin and ellagic acid) were separated and quantified, being 1-O-galloyl castalagin tentatively identified and found for the first time in chestnut bark samples. Thus, this method provided information regarding the composition and quality of chestnut bark samples, which is required since these samples are commercialised due to their biochemical properties as ingredients of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Comandini
- Department of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, I-47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - María Jesús Lerma-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, I-47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
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