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Faa G, Messana I, Coni P, Piras M, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vento G, Tirone C, Manconi B, Olianas A, Contini C, Cabras T, Castagnola M. Thymosin β 4 and β 10 Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38994967 PMCID: PMC11240739 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of a series of studies performed by our group with the aim to define the expression levels of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 over time, starting from fetal development to different ages after birth, in different human organs and tissues. The first section describes the proteomics investigations performed on whole saliva from preterm newborns and gingival crevicular fluid, which revealed to us the importance of these acidic peptides and their multiple functions. These findings inspired us to start an in-depth investigation mainly based on immunochemistry to establish the distribution of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 in different organs from adults and fetuses at different ages (after autopsy), and therefore to obtain suggestions on the functions of β-thymosins in health and disease. The functions of β-thymosins emerging from these studies, for instance, those performed during carcinogenesis, add significant details that could help to resolve the nowadays so-called "β-thymosin enigma", i.e., the potential molecular role played by these two pleiotropic peptides during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Roma, Italy
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Contini C, Fadda L, Lai G, Masala C, Olianas A, Castagnola M, Messana I, Iavarone F, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, Solla P, Defazio G, Manconi B, Diaz G, Cabras T. A top-down proteomic approach reveals a salivary protein profile able to classify Parkinson's disease with respect to Alzheimer's disease patients and to healthy controls. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300202. [PMID: 37541286 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. Diagnosis is complicated by lack of reliable biomarkers. To individuate peptides and/or proteins with diagnostic potential for early diagnosis, severity and discrimination from similar pathologies, the salivary proteome in 36 PD patients was investigated in comparison with 36 healthy controls (HC) and 35 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A top-down platform based on HPLC-ESI-IT-MS allowed characterizing and quantifying intact peptides, small proteins and their PTMs (overall 51). The three groups showed significantly different protein profiles, PD showed the highest levels of cystatin SA and antileukoproteinase and the lowest of cystatin SN and some statherin proteoforms. HC exhibited the lowest abundance of thymosin β4, short S100A9, cystatin A, and dimeric cystatin B. AD patients showed the highest abundance of α-defensins and short oxidized S100A9. Moreover, different proteoforms of the same protein, as S-cysteinylated and S-glutathionylated cystatin B, showed opposite trends in the two pathological groups. Statherin, cystatins SA and SN classified accurately PD from HC and AD subjects. α-defensins, histatin 1, oxidized S100A9, and P-B fragments were the best classifying factors between PD and AD patients. Interestingly statherin and thymosin β4 correlated with defective olfactory functions in PD patients. All these outcomes highlighted implications of specific proteoforms involved in the innate-immune response and inflammation regulation at oral and systemic level, suggesting a possible panel of molecular and clinical markers suitable to recognize subjects affected by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Laura Fadda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Greca Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory. European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Neurological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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3
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Wang S, Smyth HE, Olarte Mantilla SM, Stokes JR, Smith PA. Astringency and its sub-qualities: a review of astringency mechanisms and methods for measuring saliva lubrication. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae016. [PMID: 38591722 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Astringency is an important mouthfeel attribute that influences the sensory experiences of many food and beverage products. While salivary lubricity loss and increased oral friction were previously believed to be the only astringency mechanisms, recent research has demonstrated that nontactile oral receptors can trigger astringency by responding to astringents without mechanical stimulation. Various human factors have also been identified that affect individual responses to astringents. This article presents a critical review of the key research milestones contributing to the current understanding of astringency mechanisms and the instrumental approaches used to quantify perceived astringency intensity. Although various chemical assays or physical measures mimic in-mouth processes involved in astringent mouthfeel, this review highlights how one chemical or physical approach can only provide a single measure of astringency determined by a specific mechanism. Subsequently, using a single measurement to predict astringency perception is overly idealistic. Astringency has not been quantified beyond the loss of saliva lubrication; therefore, nontactile receptor-based responses must also be explored. An important question remains about whether astringency is a single perception or involves distinct sub-qualities such as pucker, drying, and roughness. Although these sub-quality lexicons have been frequently cited, most studies currently view astringency as a single perception rather than dividing it into sub-qualities and investigating the potentially independent mechanisms of each. Addressing these knowledge gaps should be an important priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Sandra M Olarte Mantilla
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Jason R Stokes
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul A Smith
- Wine Australia, P.O. Box 2733, Kent Town, SA 5071, Australia
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4
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Akula S, Welinder C, Fu Z, Olsson AK, Hellman L. Identification of the Major Protein Components of Human and Cow Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16838. [PMID: 38069163 PMCID: PMC10705902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows produce saliva in very large quantities to lubricate and facilitate food processing. Estimates indicate an amount of 50-150 L per day. Human saliva has previously been found to contain numerous antibacterial components, such as lysozyme, histatins, members of the S-100 family and lactoferrin, to limit pathogen colonization. Cows depend on a complex microbial community in their digestive system for food digestion. Our aim here was to analyze how this would influence the content of their saliva. We therefore sampled saliva from five humans and both nose secretions and saliva from six cows and separated the saliva on SDS-PAGE gradient gels and analyzed the major protein bands with LC-MS/MS. The cow saliva was found to be dominated by a few major proteins only, carbonic anhydrase 6, a pH-stabilizing enzyme and the short palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2A (SPLUNC2A), also named bovine salivary protein 30 kDa (BSP30) or BPIFA2B. This latter protein has been proposed to play a role in local antibacterial response by binding bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and inhibiting bacterial growth but may instead, according to more recent data, primarily have surfactant activity. Numerous peptide fragments of mucin-5B were also detected in different regions of the gel in the MS analysis. Interestingly, no major band on gel was detected representing any of the antibacterial proteins, indicating that cows may produce them at very low levels that do not harm the microbial flora of their digestive system. The nose secretions of the cows primarily contained the odorant protein, a protein thought to be involved in enhancing the sense of smell of the olfactory receptors and the possibility of quickly sensing potential poisonous food components. High levels of secretory IgA were also found in one sample of cow mouth drippings, indicating a strong upregulation during an infection. The human saliva was more complex, containing secretory IgA, amylase, carbonic anhydrase 6, lysozyme, histatins and a number of other less abundant proteins, indicating a major difference to the saliva of cows that show very low levels of antibacterial components, most likely to not harm the microbial flora of the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (Z.F.)
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Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Zhou Y, Liu Z. Saliva biomarkers in oral disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117503. [PMID: 37536520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a versatile biofluid that contains a wide variety of biomarkers reflecting both physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Saliva collection is noninvasive and highly applicable for tests requiring serial sampling. Furthermore, advances in test accuracy, sensitivity and precision for saliva has improved diagnostic performance as well as the identification of novel markers especially in oral disease processes. These include dental caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Numerous growth factors, enzymes, interleukins and cytokines have been identified and are the subject of much research investigation. This review highlights current procedures for successful determination of saliva biomarkers including preanalytical factors associated with sampling, storage and pretreatment as well as subsequent analysis. Moreover, it provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of these salivary biomarkers in common oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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van Leeuwen SJM, Proctor GB, Staes A, Laheij AMGA, Potting CMJ, Brennan MT, von Bültzingslöwen I, Rozema FR, Hazenberg MD, Blijlevens NMA, Raber-Durlacher JE, Huysmans MCDNJM. The salivary proteome in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a labelled and label-free proteomics approach. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 37420206 PMCID: PMC10329372 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis is a frequently seen complication in the first weeks after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients which can severely affects patients quality of life. In this study, a labelled and label-free proteomics approach were used to identify differences between the salivary proteomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recipients developing ulcerative oral mucositis (ULC-OM; WHO score ≥ 2) or not (NON-OM). METHODS In the TMT-labelled analysis we pooled saliva samples from 5 ULC-OM patients at each of 5 timepoints: baseline, 1, 2, 3 weeks and 3 months after ASCT and compared these with pooled samples from 5 NON-OM patients. For the label-free analysis we analyzed saliva samples from 9 ULC-OM and 10 NON-OM patients at 6 different timepoints (including 12 months after ASCT) with Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA). As spectral library, all samples were grouped (ULC-OM vs NON-OM) and analyzed with Data Dependent Analysis (DDA). PCA plots and a volcano plot were generated in RStudio and differently regulated proteins were analyzed using GO analysis with g:Profiler. RESULTS A different clustering of ULC-OM pools was found at baseline, weeks 2 and 3 after ASCT with TMT-labelled analysis. Using label-free analysis, week 1-3 samples clustered distinctly from the other timepoints. Unique and up-regulated proteins in the NON-OM group (DDA analysis) were involved in immune system-related processes, while those proteins in the ULC-OM group were intracellular proteins indicating cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS The salivary proteome in ASCT recipients has a tissue protective or tissue-damage signature, that corresponded with the absence or presence of ulcerative oral mucositis, respectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in the national trial register (NTR5760; automatically added to the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform).
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Affiliation(s)
- S J M van Leeuwen
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - G B Proctor
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - A Staes
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M J Potting
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Centre, NC, Charlotte, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, NC, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - I von Bültzingslöwen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F R Rozema
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M A Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C D N J M Huysmans
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Top-Down Proteomics Detection of Potential Salivary Biomarkers for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020959. [PMID: 36674470 PMCID: PMC9866740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune liver diseases characterized by chronic hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. The possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has been explored in several oral and systemic diseases. The use of proteomics for personalized medicine is a rapidly emerging field. (2) Salivary proteomic data of 36 healthy controls (HCs), 36 AIH and 36 PBC patients, obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry top-down pipeline, were analyzed by multiple Mann-Whitney test, Kendall correlation, Random Forest (RF) analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); (3) Mann-Whitney tests provided indications on the panel of differentially expressed salivary proteins and peptides, namely cystatin A, statherin, histatin 3, histatin 5 and histatin 6, which were elevated in AIH patients with respect to both HCs and PBC patients, while S100A12, S100A9 short, cystatin S1, S2, SN and C showed varied levels in PBC with respect to HCs and/or AIH patients. RF analysis evidenced a panel of salivary proteins/peptides able to classify with good accuracy PBC vs. HCs (83.3%), AIH vs. HCs (79.9%) and PBC vs. AIH (80.2%); (4) RF appears to be an attractive machine-learning tool suited for classification of AIH and PBC based on their different salivary proteomic profiles.
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9
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Agorastos G, van Halsema E, Bast A, Klosse P. On the importance of saliva in mouthfeel sensations. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Opolski MM, Maito VT, Kawassaki ACB, da Silva JC, Kern R, Rech D, de Oliveira ST, Lonardoni Micheletti P, Panis C, Grassiolli S. Salivary and plasmatic levels of
tumor necrosis factor‐alpha
do not correlate with the clinicopathological profile in breast cancer patients. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Marcos Opolski
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Vitor Teixeira Maito
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Aedra Carla Bufalo Kawassaki
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Kern
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Stefania Tagliari de Oliveira
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Pâmela Lonardoni Micheletti
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Post‐Graduation Program of Health‐Applied Sciences. Laboratory of Tumor Biology Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil
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11
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Analysis of Human and Microbial Salivary Proteomes in Children Offers Insights on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092061. [PMID: 36140166 PMCID: PMC9495719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization is a complex developmental enamel defect that affects the permanent dentition of children with significant functional and aesthetic implications. Saliva is an ideal diagnostic tool and ensures patients’ compliance by diminishing the discomfort especially in pediatric population. Lately, salivary proteome analysis has progressively evolved in various biomedical disciplines. As changes in saliva composition are associated with oral diseases, it is reasonable to assume that the saliva proteome of MIH-affected children might be altered compared to healthy children. This study analyzed the human and microbial salivary proteome in children with MIH in order to identify salivary markers indicative of the pathology. The conducted proteomic analysis generated a comprehensive dataset comprising a total of 1515 high confidence identifications and revealed a clear discrimination between the two groups. Statistical comparison identified 142 differentially expressed proteins, while the pathway analysis indicated deregulation of inflammation, immune response mechanisms, and defense response to bacteria in MIH patients. Bacterial proteome analysis showed a lower diversity for the microbial species, which highlights the dysbiotic environment established in the MIH pathology.
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12
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Contini C, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Iavarone F, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, Castagnola M, Messana I, Diaz G, Cabras T. Salivary Proteomics Reveals Significant Changes in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:605-622. [PMID: 35912740 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Great interest exists, therefore, in discovering diagnostic biomarkers and indicators discriminating biological aging and health status. To this aim, omic investigations of biological matrices, as saliva, whose sampling is easy and non-invasive, offer great potential. OBJECTIVE Investigate the salivary proteome through a statistical comparison of the proteomic data by several approaches to highlight quali-/quantitative variations associated specifically either to aging or to AD occurrence, and, thus, able to classify the subjects. METHODS Salivary proteomic data of healthy controls under-70 (adults) and over-70 (elderly) years old, and over-70 AD patients, obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, were analyzed by multiple Mann-Whitney test, Kendall correlation, and Random-Forest (RF) analysis. RESULTS Almost all the investigated proteins/peptides significantly decreased in relation to aging in elderly subjects, with or without AD, in comparison with adults. AD subjects exhibited the highest levels of α-defensins, thymosin β4, cystatin B, S100A8 and A9. Correlation tests also highlighted age/disease associated differences. RF analysis individuated quali-/quantitative variations in 20 components, as oxidized S100A8 and S100A9, α-defensin 3, P-B peptide, able to classify with great accuracy the subjects into the three groups. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated a strong change of the salivary protein profile in relation to the aging. Potential biomarkers candidates of AD were individuated in peptides/proteins involved in antimicrobial defense, innate immune system, inflammation, and in oxidative stress. RF analysis revealed the feasibility of the salivary proteome to discriminate groups of subjects based on age and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics laboratory, European Centre for Research on the Brain, "Santa Lucia" Foundation -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Morzel M, Canon F, Guyot S. Interactions between Salivary Proteins and Dietary Polyphenols: Potential Consequences on Gastrointestinal Digestive Events. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6317-6327. [PMID: 35583948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present review documents the current knowledge and hypotheses on how polyphenols-saliva interactions may modulate the bioaccessibility or bioavailability of nutrients and highlights research prospects in the field. After an updated description of the different classes of dietary polyphenols and their modifications by food processing or digestion, an overview of interactions between salivary proteins and polyphenols (with an emphasis on tannins) is provided. In vitro studies show that the solubility of salivary protein-tannin complexes in gastric conditions depends on the degree of tannin polymerization, while complexes are partly solubilized by bile salts. Salivary proteins-polyphenols interactions may affect digestive processes. For example, polyphenols can bind to and inhibit salivary amylase, with downstream consequences on starch digestion. Some salivary proteins (PRPs) prevent tannin-induced reduced protein digestibility, probably through binding tannins before they interact with digestive proteases. Salivary proteins may also act as scavenger molecules to limit the intestinal uptake of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 1324 INRAE, UMR 6265 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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14
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Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid has been increasing in recent years, thanks to the identification and validation of new biomarkers and improvements in test accuracy, sensitivity, and precision that enable the development of new noninvasive and cost-effective devices. However, the lack of standardized methods for sample collection, treatment, and storage contribute to the overall variability and lack of reproducibility across analytical evaluations. Furthermore, the instability of salivary biomarkers after sample collection hinders their translation into commercially available technologies for noninvasive monitoring of saliva in home settings. The present review aims to highlight the status of research on the challenges of collecting and using diagnostic salivary samples, emphasizing the methodologies used to preserve relevant proteins, hormones, genomic, and transcriptomic biomarkers during sample handling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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15
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Guerreiro C, Brandão E, de Jesus M, Gonçalves L, Pérez-Gregório R, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. New insights into the oral interactions of different families of phenolic compounds: Deepening the astringency mouthfeels. Food Chem 2021; 375:131642. [PMID: 34838404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astringency is a tactile sensation of puckering, tightening and dryness in the oral cavity, commonly induced by polyphenols. In this study, the interaction of two phenolic compound mixtures, one rich in gallotannins and the other in flavonols, with two oral models (tongue (HSC3) or buccal mucosa (TR146) was evaluated. Results provided evidence that gallotannins and flavonols seem to bind in a different way to the different oral constituents and models used. Gallotannins seems to bind more to the tongue than to the buccal mucosa cell line, but this difference is overcome by the presence of salivary proteins. Conversely, for the flavonol mixture, the presence of salivary proteins seems to restrain the interaction with oral cell lines. Structure-binding activity relationships were evidenced within each mixture: for gallotannins, interactions seem to increase along with the galloylation degree while for flavonol it was observed that increasing numbers of glucose residues decreased the binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerreiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Mónica de Jesus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregório
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal.
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16
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Boroumand M, Olianas A, Cabras T, Manconi B, Fanni D, Faa G, Desiderio C, Messana I, Castagnola M. Saliva, a bodily fluid with recognized and potential diagnostic applications. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3677-3690. [PMID: 34350708 PMCID: PMC9290823 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human whole saliva is a bodily fluid that can be obtained easily by noninvasive techniques. Specimens can be collected by the patient also at home in order to monitor health status and variations of several analytes of clinical interest. The contributions to whole saliva include secretions from salivary glands and, among others, from the gingival crevicular fluid that derives from the epithelial mucosa. Therefore, saliva is currently a relevant diagnostic fluid for many substances, including steroids, nonpeptide hormones, therapeutic drugs, and drugs of abuse. This review at first briefly describes the different contributions to whole saliva. A section illustrates the procedures for the collection, handling, and storage of salivary specimens. Another section describes the present use of whole saliva for diagnostic purposes and its specific utilization for the diagnosis of several local and systemic diseases. The final sections illustrate the future opportunities offered by various not conventional techniques with a focus on the most recent –omic investigations. It describes the various issues that have to be taken into account to avoid false positives and negatives, such as the strength of the experimental plan, the adequacy of the number of samples under study, and the proper choice of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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17
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Manjón E, Recio-Torrado A, Ramos-Pineda AM, García-Estévez I, Escribano-Bailón MT. Effect of different yeast mannoproteins on the interaction between wine flavanols and salivary proteins. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110279. [PMID: 33992379 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced wine astringency, caused by a gap between phenolic and technological grape maturities, is one of the consequences of the global climate change in the vitiviniculture. To resolve it, potential strategies are being currently used, like the addition of commercial yeast mannoproteins (MPs) to wines. In this work, the main interactions responsible for the wine astringent sensation, namely, interactions between human salivary proteins and wine flavanols have been studied by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and liquid chromatography coupled to DAD and MS detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS), in presence or absence of two MPs with different saccharide/protein ratio. The results indicate that there are differences on the substrate specificity for each mannoprotein and that its action mechanism could change not only depending on the mannoprotein composition but also on the flavanol structure. MPs with elevated carbohydrate content could act thought the stabilization of soluble aggregates with human salivary proteins and flavanols, mainly non-galloylated flavanol oligomers, whereas MPs with higher protein percentage mostly could precipitate flavanols (mainly non-galloylated ones with low degree of polymerization) which partially prevents the formation of insoluble flavanol-salivary protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Manjón
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Recio-Torrado
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba M Ramos-Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain; Natac Biotech S.L., C/Electrónica 7, E28923 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Estévez
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Escribano-Bailón
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Guerreiro C, Jesus M, Brandão E, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. Interaction of a Procyanidin Mixture with Human Saliva and the Variations of Salivary Protein Profiles over a 1-Year Period. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13824-13832. [PMID: 33170702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are widely associated with astringency perception and promptly interact/precipitate salivary proteins (SPs). In this work, the SP profile of 17 volunteers was monitored for 1 year, focusing on the SP families most related to astringency [aPRPs (acidic proline-rich proteins), bPRPs (basic proline-rich proteins), gPRPs (glycosylated proline-rich proteins), cystatins, P-B peptide, and statherin]. Although the total SP content remained constant, bPRPs showed high variability. Saliva from 5 volunteers was selected, each individual's saliva presenting a prominence in one of the referred SP families; each was used to interact with grape seed procyanidin oligomeric fraction. Independent of the prominences, a total depletion in statherin and P-B peptide was observed. These subjects performed a sensory assay and the limit of detection for astringency was determined. Overall, the specificity of SP toward procyanidins seemed to be more important in the interactions than the total SP content. The highest reactivity toward SPs was observed for epicatechin gallate, procyanidin dimers B7, B2g, and trimer C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerreiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica Jesus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Boroumand M, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Pieroni L, Greco V, Vento G, Tirone C, Desiderio C, Fiorita A, Faa G, Messana I, Cabras T, Olianas A, Castagnola M. HPLC-ESI-MS top-down analysis of salivary peptides of preterm newborns evidenced high activity of some exopeptidases and convertases during late fetal development. Talanta 2020; 222:121429. [PMID: 33167196 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To have information on the proteolytic activity of convertases and exo-peptidases on human salivary proteins, this study investigated the relative amounts of the truncated proteoforms in the saliva of preterm newborns and compared them with the relative amounts measured in saliva of at-term newborns, of babies (0-10 years old) and of adults. Results indicated that convertase(s), acting on acidic proline-rich proteins and histatin 3, and carboxypeptidase(s) acting on acidic proline-rich proteins, P-C peptide, histatin 6 and statherin were many folds more active in preterm newborns than in the other groups. Conversely, the aminopeptidase responsible for the removal of the N-terminal Asp residue of statherin was not active in preterm newborns, becoming active only several months after the normal term of delivery. The high activity of convertases determined in preterm newborns suggests that it is required for the molecular events connected to the fetus development, and encourages further studies devoted to the characterization of their specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per La Salute Della Donna e Del Bambino, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per La Salute Della Donna e Del Bambino, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e Della Testa e Del Collo, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Gavino Faa
- Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
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20
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020. [PMID: 32575983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM); SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging. This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status. The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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21
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3238-3253. [PMID: 32575983 PMCID: PMC8008451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell
accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A
cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM);
SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional
cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging.
This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome
of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy
controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation
revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls
and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis
and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich
proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as
the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated
with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase
and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status.
The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated
forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher
levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C
patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange
with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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22
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Iavarone F, Olianas A, Patini R, Gallenzi P, Di Tonno L, Desiderio C, Cabras T, Manconi B, Vincenzoni F, Cordaro M, Messana I, Urbani A, Castagnola M. Top down proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in deciduous, exfoliating and permanent teeth in children. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103890. [PMID: 32629195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), a plasma-derived exudate present in the gingival crevice was collected from deciduous, exfoliating and permanent teeth from 20 children (60 samples) with the aim to characterize and quantify by a mass spectrometry based top-down proteomic approach, the peptide/proteins in the fluid and verify possible variations occurring during the exfoliating process. The results obtained confirmed the presence in GCF of α-Defensins 1-4, Thymosin β4 and Thymosin β10, as described in previous works and revealed the presence of other interesting peptides never described before in GCF such as specific fragments of α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsin; fragments of Thymosin β4 and Thymosin β10; Fibrinopeptide A and its fragments and Fibrinopeptide B; S100A8 and S100A9, LVV Hemorphin-7 (hemoglobin chain β fragment), as well as some other peptides deriving from α and β subunits of hemoglobin. Statistical analysis evidenced different levels in 5 proteins/peptides in the three groups. Our study demonstrate that an in-depth analysis of a biological fluid like GCF, present in small amount, can provide useful information for the understanding of different biological processes like teeth eruption. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016010 and PXD016049. SIGNIFICANCE: GCF due to his site-specific nature has a great potential in containing factors that are specific for action at a given site and might have diagnostic value to detect qualitative and quantitative variations of proteins/peptides composition linked to physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Dipartimento Testa-collo e organi di senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Dipartimento Testa-collo e organi di senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Di Tonno
- Dipartimento Testa-collo e organi di senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Dipartimento Testa-collo e organi di senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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23
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Komatsu T, Kobayashi K, Morimoto Y, Helmerhorst E, Oppenheim F, Chang-Il Lee M. Direct evaluation of the antioxidant properties of salivary proline-rich proteins. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:131-136. [PMID: 33041509 PMCID: PMC7533858 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich proteins are associated with the formation of an acquired protein layer overlying the tooth enamel surface. Previous studies have described the antioxidant activity of salivary histatin against the hydroxyl radical from Fenton’s reaction, acting as the critical reactive oxygen species. However, the role of proline-rich proteins in mitigating the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species in the oral cavity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of proline-rich proteins 2 on direct reactive oxygen species using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. For the first time, we demonstrated that proline-rich proteins 2 exhibits antioxidant activity directly against the hydroxyl radical produced by hydrogen peroxide with ultraviolet. Considering that identical results were obtained when assaying 30 residues of proline-rich proteins 2, the direct antioxidant effects against the hydroxyl radical by proline-rich proteins 2 may be related to these specific 30 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Komatsu
- Division of Dentistry for the Special Patient, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.,Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kyo Kobayashi
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Morimoto
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Eva Helmerhorst
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank Oppenheim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Masaichi Chang-Il Lee
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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24
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Brandão E, Silva MS, García-Estévez I, Williams P, Mateus N, Doco T, de Freitas V, Soares S. Inhibition Mechanisms of Wine Polysaccharides on Salivary Protein Precipitation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2955-2963. [PMID: 31690078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography, fluorescence quenching, nephelometry, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to study the effect of polysaccharides naturally present in wine [rhamnogalacturonan II (RG II) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs)] on the interaction between salivary proteins (SP) together present in saliva and tannins (punicalagin (PNG) and procyanidin B2). In general, the RG II fraction was more efficient to inhibit SP precipitation by tannins, especially for acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs) and statherin/P-B peptide, than AGPs. The RG II fraction can act mainly by a competition mechanism in which polysaccharides compete by tannin binding. However, in the presence of Na+ ions in solution, no RG II effect was observed on SP-tannin interactions. On the other hand, dependent upon the saliva sample as well as the tannin studied, AGPs can act by both mechanisms, competition and ternary (formation of a ternary complex with SP-tannin aggregates enhancing their solubility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Santos Silva
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ignacio García-Estévez
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pascale Williams
- Joint Research Unit 1083, Sciences for Enology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 Place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thierry Doco
- Joint Research Unit 1083, Sciences for Enology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 Place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Ishikawa Y, Pieczonka TD, Bragiel-Pieczonka AM, Seta H, Ohkuri T, Sasanuma Y, Nonaka Y. Long-Term Oral Administration of LLHK, LHK, and HK Alters Gene Expression Profile and Restores Age-Dependent Atrophy and Dysfunction of Rat Salivary Glands. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020038. [PMID: 32093221 PMCID: PMC7168239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is caused by a reduction in salivary secretion and by changes in the composition of saliva associated with the malfunction of salivary glands. Xerostomia decreases quality of life. In the present study, we investigated the effects of peptides derived from β-lactoglobulin C on age-dependent atrophy, gene expression profiles, and the dysfunction of salivary glands. Long-term oral administration of Leu57-Leu58-His59-Lys60 (LLHK), Leu58-His59-Lys60 (LHK) and His59-Lys60 (HK) peptides induced salivary secretion and prevented and/or reversed the age-dependent atrophy of salivary glands in older rats. The transcripts of 78 genes were upregulated and those of 81 genes were downregulated by more than 2.0-fold (p ≤ 0.05) after LHK treatment. LHK upregulated major salivary protein genes such as proline-rich proteins (Prpmp5, Prb3, Prp2, Prb1, Prp15), cystatins (Cst5, Cyss, Vegp2), amylases (Amy1a, Amy2a3), and lysozyme (Lyzl1), suggesting that LLHK, LHK, and HK restored normal salivary function. The AP-2 transcription factor gene (Tcfap2b) was also induced significantly by LHK treatment. These results suggest that LLHK, LHK, and HK-administration may prevent and/or reverse the age-dependent atrophy and functional decline of salivary glands by affecting gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (T.D.P.); (A.M.B.-P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +80-3928-9628
| | - Tomasz D Pieczonka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (T.D.P.); (A.M.B.-P.)
| | - Aneta M Bragiel-Pieczonka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (T.D.P.); (A.M.B.-P.)
| | - Harumichi Seta
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (H.S.); (T.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tadahiro Ohkuri
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (H.S.); (T.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yumi Sasanuma
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (H.S.); (T.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji Nonaka
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (H.S.); (T.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.N.)
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26
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Contini C, Firinu D, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Cinetto F, Cossu F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Cabras T. RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Ca' Foncello Hospital - Treviso, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Pediatric HSCT Unit, Pediatric Clinic of University, Ospedale Microcitemico, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, IRCCS - Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- CNR-SCITEC Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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27
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RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:329-339. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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28
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Boroumand M, Olianas A, Manconi B, Serrao S, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Pieroni L, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Mapping of Transglutaminase-2 Sites of Human Salivary Small Basic Proline-Rich Proteins by HPLC-High-Resolution ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:300-313. [PMID: 31638822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of the distinctive features of the oral cavity, the determination of the proteins involved in the formation of the "oral protein pellicle" is demanding. The present study investigated the susceptibility of several human basic proline-rich peptides, named P-H, P-D, P-F, P-J, and II-2, as substrates of transglutaminase-2. The reactivity of the P-C peptide and statherin was also investigated. Peptides purified from human whole saliva were incubated with the enzyme in the presence or in the absence of monodansyl-cadaverine. Mass spectrometry analyses of the reaction products highlighted that P-H and P-D (P32 and A32 variants) were active substrates, II-2 was less reactive, and P-F and P-J showed very low reactivity. P-C and statherin were highly reactive. All of the peptides formed cyclo derivatives, and only specific glutamine residues were involved in the cycle formation and reacted with monodansyl-cadaverine: Q29 of P-H, Q37 of P-D, Q21 of II-2, Q41 of P-C, and Q37 of statherin were the principal reactive residues. One or two secondary glutamine residues of only P-H, P-D P32, P-C, and statherin were hierarchically susceptible to the reaction with monodansyl-cadaverine. MS and MS/MS data were deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride ) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD014658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma 00168 , Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Roma 00143 , Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, AOU , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09100 , Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
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Soares S, Brandão E, Guerreiro C, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. Development of a New Cell-Based Oral Model To Study the Interaction of Oral Constituents with Food Polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12833-12843. [PMID: 31657214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some polyphenols have unpleasant taste properties such as astringency, which could interfere with consumers' choices. The knowledge on astringency mechanisms points that astringency is a complex phenomenon probably related to more than one physical-chemical mechanism. Thus, this work aims to develop a new and more realistic cell-based model containing human saliva, mucosa pellicle, and an oral cell line (HSC-3) to understand the oral molecular events that could contribute to the overall astringency perception. This model was then used to study the interactions with a food procyanidin fraction (PF) by HPLC. In general, the results revealed higher interaction (synergism) for the model with all the referred oral constituents (mucosa pellicle, salivary proteins, and HSC-3 cell line, HSCMuSp) when compared to the interaction with individual constituents, the PF + cells or PF + saliva. Regarding the procyanidins, a significant interaction was observed for the procyanidin monomer EcG, procyanidin dimers B7 and B2G, and trimer C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Carlos Guerreiro
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
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Pieroni L, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Greco V, Desiderio C, Martelli C, Manconi B, Sanna MT, Messana I, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Enrichments of post-translational modifications in proteomic studies. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:313-336. [PMID: 31631532 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 300 different protein post-translational modifications are currently known, but only a few have been extensively investigated because modified proteoforms are commonly present in sub-stoichiometry amount. For this reason, improvement of specific enrichment techniques is particularly useful for the proteomic characterization of post-translationally modified proteins. Enrichment proteomic strategies could help the researcher in the challenging issue to decipher the complex molecular cross-talk existing between the different factors influencing the cellular pathways. In this review the state of art of the platforms applied for the enrichment of specific and most common post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and glycation, phosphorylation, sulfation, redox modifications (i.e. sulfydration and nitrosylation), methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitinylation, are described. Enrichments strategies applied to characterize less studied post-translational modifications are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabolomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabolomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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31
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Fabrication of hydrophilic multilayer magnetic probe for salivary glycopeptidome analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:24-33. [PMID: 30502035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Variations in salivary components are closely associated with the predisposition and state of disease, the abnormal changes of salivary glycopeptidome are usually discovered as perilous singals of serious disease. Therefore, the monitoring and analyzing of salivary glycopeptidome are of even more overriding importance. In this work, a low-cost layer-by-layer assembly strategy was adopted to fabricate a hydrophilic multilayer magnetic probe (dubbed Mag-m-G6P) for salivary glycopeptidome analysis. The successful construction of multilayer structure not only guaranteed the good dispersal of probe by protecting magnetic core from itself aggregation tendency, but also endowed the probe with multiple advantages including the good hydrophilicity, uniform mesopore size and strong magnetic responsiveness, etc. As expected, with the optimized experimental conditions, the multifunctional probe showed high enrichemnt sensitivity, unbiased enrichment ability, excellent size-exclusion ability and reusability and so on in the process of standard sample analysis. At last, the Mag-m-G6P was successfully applied to salivary glycopeptidome analysis on further combination with LC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 53 endogenous glycopeptides were identified from human saliva.
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Cabras T, Manconi B, Castagnola M, Sanna MT, Arba M, Acharya S, Ekström J, Carlén A, Messana I. Proteomics of the acid-soluble fraction of whole and major gland saliva in burning mouth syndrome patients. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:148-155. [PMID: 30496935 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study the salivary proteome of burning mouth syndrome patients and healthy subjects was characterized by a top-down proteomic approach and compared to highlight possible qualitative and quantitative differences that may give suggestions about the causes of this pathology which are still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resting and stimulated whole saliva, stimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva samples were collected from burning mouth syndrome patients (n = 16) and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (n = 14). An equal volume of 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid was added to each sample immediately after collection and the supernatants were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry. Proteins and peptides were quantified using a label-free approach measuring the extracted ion current peak areas of the main salivary proteins and peptides. RESULTS The quantitation of the main salivary proteins and peptides revealed a higher concentration of cystatin SN in resting saliva of burning mouth syndrome patients with respect to healthy controls and no other conspicuous changes. CONCLUSIONS The reported data showed that the salivary protein profile was not affected, in composition and relative abundance, by the burning mouth syndrome, except for the cystatin SN, a protein up-regulated in several pathological conditions, that might be considered potentially indicative of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition - CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and/or Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Morena Arba
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Shikha Acharya
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anette Carlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition - CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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33
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Guzman YA, Sakellari D, Papadimitriou K, Floudas CA. High-throughput proteomic analysis of candidate biomarker changes in gingival crevicular fluid after treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:853-860. [PMID: 29900535 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Untargeted, high-throughput proteomics methodologies have great potential to aid in identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. The application of such methods to the discovery of candidate biomarkers for the resolution of periodontal inflammation after periodontal therapy has been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 10 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis at baseline and 1, 5, 9 and 13 weeks after completion of mechanical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices of periodontal disease, including probing depth, recession, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing, were recorded at baseline and 13 weeks. Samples were analyzed using an online liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray-hybrid ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Spectra were processed with the PILOT_PROTEIN proteomics software suite. RESULTS Clinical parameters were significantly improved 13 weeks after treatment (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P < .05). From the substantial number of identified proteins, a small subset was extracted by filter methods that included temporal pattern matching, logistic function fitting and mixed-integer linear optimization. This subset includes azurocidin, lysozyme C and myosin-9 as candidate biomarkers prominent at baseline and alpha-smooth muscle actin as prominent 13 weeks after treatment. Cross-validation studies yielded average predictive accuracy and area under the curve of 0.900 and 0.930, respectively. CONCLUSION High-throughput proteomic analysis can contribute to identifying endpoints of periodontal therapy. These candidate biomarkers should be evaluated for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Guzman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - D Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Papadimitriou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C A Floudas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Castagnola M, Scarano E, Passali GC, Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Di Cintio G, Fiorita A, De Corso E, Paludetti G. Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:94-101. [PMID: 28516971 PMCID: PMC5463528 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and -omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - E Scarano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G C Passali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I Messana
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, and Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - T Cabras
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Cintio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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35
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Salivary Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3921247. [PMID: 29721505 PMCID: PMC5867662 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3921247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently detected at an advanced stage due to diagnosis difficulties. Salivary biomarkers, if existing, could be used for predictive diagnosis of this disease. Human saliva contains a large number of proteins that can be used for diagnosis and are of great potential in clinical research. The use of proteomic analysis to characterize whole saliva (WS) in SSc has gained an increasing attention in the last years and the identification of salivary proteins specific for SSc could lead to early diagnosis or new therapeutic targets. This review will present an overview about the use of WS in SSc studies. The proteomic technologies currently used for global identification of salivary proteins in SSc, as well as the advantages and limitations for the use of WS as a diagnostic tool, will be presented.
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36
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Study of human salivary proline-rich proteins interaction with food tannins. Food Chem 2018; 243:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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García-Estévez I, Ramos-Pineda AM, Escribano-Bailón MT. Interactions between wine phenolic compounds and human saliva in astringency perception. Food Funct 2018; 9:1294-1309. [PMID: 29417111 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astringency is a complex perceptual phenomenon involving several sensations that are perceived simultaneously. The mechanism leading to these sensations has been thoroughly and controversially discussed in the literature and it is still not well understood since there are many contributing factors. Although we are still far from elucidating the mechanisms whereby astringency develops, the interaction between phenolic compounds and proteins (from saliva, oral mucosa or cells) seems to be most important. This review summarizes the recent trends in the protein-phenol interaction, focusing on the effect of the structure of the phenolic compound on the interaction with salivary proteins and on methodologies based on these interactions to determine astringency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-Estévez
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n. E37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alba María Ramos-Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n. E37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Escribano-Bailón
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n. E37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Kaur J, Jacobs R, Huang Y, Salvo N, Politis C. Salivary biomarkers for oral cancer and pre-cancer screening: a review. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:633-640. [PMID: 29344805 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature assessing potential salivary biomarkers of oral cancer and pre-cancer and discuss emerging issues and challenges in relation to oral cancer and pre-cancer diagnostics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search for articles involved the Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE. Specific terms were used from January 1995 to March 2017 by three experts. RESULTS This search collected 270 articles, of which 105 articles such as reviews, case reports, news, letter to editor, etc. in first round and 117 articles such as publications in other languages than English, non-human studies, etc. were excluded. The remaining 48 articles considered analyzing whole saliva as well as specific gland saliva. Thirty-one studies considered oral stimuli such as eating, drinking, and oral hygiene practices for varied periods of time prior to sample collection. The time of collection of saliva was morning in most studies, but the exact time of collection was not mentioned. Three studies showed to have evaluated the whole saliva without centrifugation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry were the most commonly used methods. Most of the potential salivary biomarkers of oral cancer are salivary proteins. CONCLUSION Combination approach of salivary biomarkers could be used as screening tool to improve early detection and diagnostic precision of oral pre-cancer and cancer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current findings are of importance for clinicians and researchers to mitigate the challenges in salivary-based diagnosis of oral cancer and to evaluate reliable, specific, and sensitive salivary biomarkers for oral pre-cancer and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaur
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Huang
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - N Salvo
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Politis
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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39
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Torres SMF, Furrow E, Souza CP, Granick JL, de Jong EP, Griffin TJ, Wang X. Salivary proteomics of healthy dogs: An in depth catalog. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191307. [PMID: 29329347 PMCID: PMC5766244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an in-depth catalog of the salivary proteome and endogenous peptidome of healthy dogs, evaluate proteins and peptides with antimicrobial properties, and compare the most common salivary proteins and peptides between different breed phylogeny groups. Methods 36 healthy dogs without evidence of periodontal disease representing four breed phylogeny groups, based upon single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes (ancient, herding/sighthound, and two miscellaneous groups). Saliva collected from dogs was pooled by phylogeny group and analyzed using nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Resulting tandem mass spectra were compared to databases for identification of endogenous peptides and inferred proteins. Results 2,491 proteins and endogenous peptides were found in the saliva of healthy dogs with no periodontal disease. All dog phylogeny groups’ saliva was rich in proteins and peptides with antimicrobial functions. The ancient breeds group was distinct in that it contained unique proteins and was missing many proteins and peptides present in the other groups. Conclusions and clinical relevance Using a sophisticated nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to identify 10-fold more salivary proteins than previously reported in dogs. Seven of the top 10 most abundant proteins or peptides serve immune functions and many more with various antimicrobial mechanisms were found. This is the most comprehensive analysis of healthy canine saliva to date, and will provide the groundwork for future studies analyzing salivary proteins and endogenous peptides in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. F. Torres
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Furrow
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clarissa P. Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Granick
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ebbing P. de Jong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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40
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Cabras T, D'Alessandro A, Serrao S, Isola R, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Colombo G, Ekström J, Messana I, Castagnola M. Marked Differences in the Submandibular Salivary Proteome between Sardinian Alcohol-Preferring and Sardinian Alcohol-Non Preferring Rats Revealed by an Integrated Top-Down-Bottom-Up Proteomic Platform. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:455-469. [PMID: 29083190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Sardinian alcohol-non preferring (sNP) rats have been selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference and consumption. Aiming to verify possible differences at the proteomics level between sP and sNP rats, we investigated the salivary proteome by a a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry top-down-bottom-up integrated approach. For this purpose, submandibular saliva was collected from alcohol-naive sP and sNP rats under isoprenaline stimulation. A total of 200 peptides and proteins were detected and quantified in the two rat lines, 149 of which were characterized in their naturally occurring structure. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006997. Surprisingly, sP rats exhibited marked quantitative and qualitative differences with respect to sNP rats, namely higher levels of proteoforms originating from submandibular gland protein C, and from submandibular rat protein 2, as well as those of several unidentified peptides and proteins. sP rats expressed some proteins not detectable in sNP rats such as the glutamine and glutamic acid-rich protein (GRP)-CB. The isoform GRP-B, detectable in both rat lines, was more abundant in sNP rats. The submandibular saliva of sNP rats was also characterized by very high levels of GRP-B proteolytic peptides and rat salivary protein 1. Whether these differences could contribute to the opposite alcohol preference and consumption of sP and sNP rats is currently unknown and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Cagliari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168, Rome, Italy
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41
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The role of wine polysaccharides on salivary protein-tannin interaction: A molecular approach. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 177:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Chromatography of Quorum Sensing Peptides: An Important Functional Class of the Bacterial Peptidome. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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Ramos-Pineda AM, García-Estévez I, Brás NF, Martín Del Valle EM, Dueñas M, Escribano Bailón MT. Molecular Approach to the Synergistic Effect on Astringency Elicited by Mixtures of Flavanols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6425-6433. [PMID: 28421745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between salivary proteins and wine flavanols (catechin, epicatechin, and mixtures thereof) have been studied by HPLC-DAD, isothermal titration microcalorimetry, and molecular dynamics simulations. Chromatographic results suggest that the presence of these flavanol mixtures could facilitate the formation of precipitates to the detriment of soluble aggregates. Comparison between the thermodynamic parameters obtained showed remarkably higher negative values of ΔG in the system containing the mixture of both flavanols in comparison to the systems containing individual flavanols, indicating a more favorable scenario in the mixing system. Also, the apparent binding constants were higher in this system. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggested a faster and greater cooperative binding of catechin and epicatechin to IB714 peptides when both types of flavanols are present simultaneously in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba María Ramos-Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Estévez
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia F Brás
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Montserrat Dueñas
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Facultad de Farmacia, University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
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44
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Lee J, Wen B, Carter EA, Combes V, Grau GER, Lay PA. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of monocytic microvesicles (microparticles) released upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. FASEB J 2017; 31:2817-2827. [PMID: 28314769 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are involved in cell-cell interactions, including disease pathogenesis. Nondestructive Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from MVs were assessed as a technique to provide new biochemical insights into a LPS-induced monocyte model of septic shock. FTIR spectroscopy provided a quick method to investigate relative differences in biomolecular content of different MV populations that was complementary to traditional semiquantitative omics approaches, with which it is difficult to provide information on relative changes between classes (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates) or protein conformations. Time-dependent changes were detected in biomolecular contents of MVs and in the monocytes from which they were released. Differences in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine contents were observed in MVs released under stimulation, and higher relative concentrations of RNA and α-helical structured proteins were present in stimulated MVs compared with MVs from resting cells. FTIR spectra of stimulated monocytes displayed changes that were consistent with those observed in the corresponding MVs they released. LPS-stimulated monocytes had reduced concentrations of nucleic acids, α-helical structured proteins, and phosphatidylcholine compared with resting monocytes but had an increase in total lipids. FTIR spectra of MV biomolecular content will be important in shedding new light on the mechanisms of MVs and the different roles they play in physiology and disease pathogenesis.-Lee, J., Wen, B., Carter, E. A., Combes, V., Grau, G. E. R., Lay, P. A. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of monocytic microvesicles (microparticles) released upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsup Lee
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beryl Wen
- Vascular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute-School of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Elizabeth A Carter
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valery Combes
- Vascular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute-School of Medical Sciences, and.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Vascular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute-School of Medical Sciences, and.,Australian Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology (AINST), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry and Vibrational Spectroscopy Core Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; .,Australian Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology (AINST), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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45
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Marvin RK, Saepoo MB, Ye S, White DB, Liu R, Hensley K, Rega P, Kazan V, Giovannucci DR, Isailovic D. Salivary protein changes in response to acute stress in medical residents performing advanced clinical simulations: a pilot proteomics study. Biomarkers 2017; 22:372-382. [PMID: 28055279 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1279215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quantitative changes of salivary proteins due to acute stress were detected. OBJECTIVE To explore protein markers of stress in saliva of eight medical residents who performed emergency medicine simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva was collected before the simulations, after the simulations, and following morning upon waking. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), identified by mass spectrometry (MS), and relatively quantified by densitometry. RESULTS Salivary alpha-amylase and S-type cystatins significantly increased, while the ∼26 kDa and low-molecular weight (MW) (<10 kDa) SDS-PAGE bands exhibited changes after stress. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Alpha-amylase and cystatins are potential salivary markers of acute stress, but further validation should be performed using larger sample populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Marvin
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | | | - Simiao Ye
- c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Donald B White
- c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Rong Liu
- c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- d Department of Pathology , University of Toledo, Toledo , OH, USA
| | - Paul Rega
- e Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Viviane Kazan
- e Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | | | - Dragan Isailovic
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
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46
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Sensory perception of and salivary protein response to astringency as a function of the 6-n-propylthioural (PROP) bitter-taste phenotype. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:163-173. [PMID: 28130087 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in astringency perception are poorly understood. Astringency from tannins stimulates the release of specific classes of salivary proteins. These proteins form complexes with tannins, altering their perceived astringency and reducing their bioavailability. We studied the bitter compound, 6-n-propylthioural (PROP), as a phenotypic marker for variation in astringency perception and salivary protein responses. Seventy-nine subjects classified by PROP taster status rated cranberry juice cocktail (CJC; with added sugar) supplemented with 0, 1.5 or 2.0g/L tannic acid (TA). Saliva for protein analyses was collected at rest, or after stimulation with TA or cranberry juice (CJ; without added sugar). CJC with 1.5g/L tannic acid was found to be less astringent, and was liked more by PROP non-taster males than PROP taster males, consistent with the expectation that non-tasters are less sensitive to astringency. Levels of acidic Proline Rich Proteins (aPRPs) and basic Proline Rich Proteins (bPRPs) decreased after TA, while levels of aPRPs, bPRPs and Cystatins unexpectedly rose after CJ. Increases in bPRPs and Cystatins were only observed in PROP tasters. The PROP phenotype plays a gender-specific, but somewhat limited role in the perceived astringency of tannic-acid supplemented, cranberry juice cocktail. The PROP phenotype (regardless of gender) may also be involved in the release of salivary proteins previously implicated in oral health.
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47
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Ekström J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Jasim H, Olausson P, Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Ernberg M, Ghafouri B. The proteomic profile of whole and glandular saliva in healthy pain-free subjects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39073. [PMID: 27976689 PMCID: PMC5157045 DOI: 10.1038/srep39073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the variability in the salivary proteome is a prerequisite for the development of saliva as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in particular physiological states. In this context, it is important that technical variability induced by sample collection and processing is kept at minimum to be able to reproducibly assess variability in states of health and disease. In the current study, the proteome profile in unstimulated and stimulated whole, parotid and sublingual saliva was investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Saliva samples were structurally collected from ten examined and characterized healthy individuals during the exactly same conditions. The results demonstrated that different collection methods provide clear differences in the snapshot of the salivary proteome and also in the relative amount of specific proteins. The variable nature of the salivary proteome suggests that different approaches may have to be adopted when studying its composition or its possible role as an indicator for particular physiological states. The results emphasize the importance of consistency when collecting saliva samples for proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Jasim
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), SE 14104 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folktandvården Stockholm AB, Sweden
| | - Patrik Olausson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), SE 14104 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folktandvården Stockholm AB, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), SE 14104 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
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49
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Ferrer-Gallego R, Brás NF, García-Estévez I, Mateus N, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, de Freitas V, Escribano-Bailón MT. Effect of flavonols on wine astringency and their interaction with human saliva. Food Chem 2016; 209:358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Prodan A, Brand H, Imangaliyev S, Tsivtsivadze E, van der Weijden F, de Jong A, Paauw A, Crielaard W, Keijser B, Veerman E. A Study of the Variation in the Salivary Peptide Profiles of Young Healthy Adults Acquired Using MALDI-TOF MS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156707. [PMID: 27258023 PMCID: PMC4892641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate the inter-individual variation in the MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiles of unstimulated whole saliva in a population of 268 systemically healthy adults aged 18-30 yr (150 males and 118 females) with no apparent caries lesions or periodontal disease. Using Spectral Clustering, four subgroups of individuals were identified within the study population. These subgroups were delimited by the pattern of variation in 9 peaks detected in the 2-15 kDa m/z range. An Unsupervised Feature Selection algorithm showed that P-C peptide, a 44 residue-long salivary acidic proline-rich protein, and three of its fragments (Fr. 1-25, Fr. 15-35 and Fr. 15-44) play a central role in delimiting the subgroups. Significant differences were found in the salivary biochemistry of the subgroups with regard to lysozyme and chitinase, two enzymes that are part of the salivary innate defense system (p < 0.001). These results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS salivary peptide profiles may relate information on the underlying state of the oral ecosystem and may provide a useful reference for salivary disease biomarker discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Prodan
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Brand
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sultan Imangaliyev
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Tsivtsivadze
- MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Fridus van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad de Jong
- Department CBRN Protection, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Paauw
- Department CBRN Protection, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Keijser
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Enno Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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