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Boughanem C, Delaunay N, Pichon V. Salt assisted liquid-liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of 24 regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116319. [PMID: 38908235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants of great concern due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Their determination in human serum, particularly in at-risk populations, is necessary but difficult because they are distributed over a wide range of polarity and are present at trace level. A new method combining salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) adapted to a reduced volume of sample (100 µl) was developed to determine 24 PAHs in human serum. Some key parameters of DLLME-SFO (volume of extraction solvent, ratio of extraction/dispersive solvent volumes, and salt addition) were first studied by applying it to spiked pure water. For its application to serum, a sample treatment step involving SALLE was optimized in terms of nature and content of salts and applied upstream of DLLME-SFO. It was applied to the extraction of 24 regulated PAHs from spiked serum followed by an analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with UV and fluorescence detection. The extraction recoveries ranged from 48.2 and 116.0 % (relative standard deviations: 2.0-14.6 %, n=5-9), leading to limits of quantification of PAHs in human serum from 0.04 to 1.03 µg/L using fluorescence detection and from 10 to 40 µg/L using UV detection. This final method combining SALLE and DLLME-SFO showed numerous advantages such as no evaporation step, high efficiency and low solvent-consumption and will be useful for monitoring PAHs in low volumes of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Boughanem
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris PSL, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris PSL, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris PSL, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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2
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Dolatto RG, Pont GD, Vela HS, Camargo MDS, Neto AO, Grassi MT. Aromatic hydrocarbons extracted by headspace and microextraction methods in water-soluble fractions from crude oil, fuels and lubricants. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:573-587. [PMID: 36739314 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two extraction protocols were developed for the determination of mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in water-soluble fractions from gasoline, diesel, crude, mineral insulating, and lubricant oils. Development of the procedures was based on clean miniaturized strategies, such as headspace extraction and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid micro-extraction, together with quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mono-aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted using the headspace extraction method. The linear range obtained was 10-500 µg L-1, with r2 > 0.99. Based on the parameters of the analytical curves, detection and quantification limits of 2.56-3.20 and 7.76-9.71 µg L-1 were estimated. In addition, the method showed adequate recoveries of 69.4-83.5%, with a satisfactory precision of 4.7-17.1% (n = 5). Micro-extraction was applied for the poly-aromatics and the most favorable variables were sample volume (5.00 mL) in sodium chloride medium (1%, w/v), trichloromethane as extractor solvent (75 µL), acetone as disperser (925 µL) and vortexing for 1 min. Under these conditions, analytical curves of 0.15-4.00 µg L-1 were obtained and limits of determination and quantification were 0.03-0.15 and 0.09-0.46 µg L-1, respectively. Recovery values of 87.6-124.5% and a maximum relative standard deviation of 18.9% (n = 5) verify satisfactory accuracy and precision. This led to the achievement of enrichment factors for poly-aromatic hydrocarbons of 41-89 times. Finally, the methods were employed in samples of water-soluble fractions for the determination of analytes. The values followed the order: gasoline > diesel > crude > lubricant > mineral insulating oil. These results indicate an increase in lighter fractions, followed by poly-aromatics in more refined products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garrett Dolatto
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Giorgi Dal Pont
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmiento Vela
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Morgana de Souza Camargo
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ostrensky Neto
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
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Gurrani S, Prakasham K, Zii Ying JL, Shiea J, Ku YJ, Lin YC, Huang PC, Andaluri G, Lee KC, Ponnusamy VK. A low-cost eco-friendly fast drug extraction (FaDEx) technique for environmental and bio-monitoring of psychoactive drug in urban water and sports-persons' urine samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114787. [PMID: 36410459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the most prominent psychoactive/addictive chemical substance consumed worldwide among young players in team sports. Moreover, urinary nicotine discharge and nicotine-based products disposal in environmental waters has been unavoidable in recent years. Therefore, sensitive monitoring of nicotine content in environmental waters and human urine samples is essential. In this study, we developed a miniaturized novel green, low-cost, sensitive, in-syringe-based semi-automated fast drug extraction (FaDEx) protocol coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for the efficient environmental and bio-monitoring of nicotine in aqueous samples. The FaDEx method consists of two steps; firstly, the target analyte was extracted using dimethyl carbonate (a green solvent) and extraction salts. After that, the extraction solvent was passed automatically through the solid-phase extraction cartridge at a constant flow rate for the cleanup process to achieve the sensitive nicotine analysis by GC-FID. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed method showed excellent linearity over the concentration ranges between 20-2000 ng mL-1 with a correlation coefficient >0.99. The detection and quantification limits were 4 and 20 ng mL-1, respectively. The presented method was applied to monitor and assess nicotine exposure in sports-persons' urine and environmental water samples. The method accuracy and precision in terms of relative recovery and relative standard deviation (for triplicate analysis) were 85.4-110.2% and ≤8%, respectively. Finally, the impact of our procedure on the environment from a green analytical chemistry view was assessed using a novel metric system called AGREE, and obtained the greenness score of 0.87, indicating its an efficient alternative green analytical protocol for routine environmental and bio-monitoring of nicotine in environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Gurrani
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Karthikeyan Prakasham
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Jess Lim Zii Ying
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Ku
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Lin
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Kung-Che Lee
- Department of Athletic Performace, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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Zedan HE, Mortada WI, Khalifa ME. Microextraction procedures for preconcentration of Fe (III) in water and food samples prior to colorimetric detection: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo extraction procedures, namely dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFOD), have been compared for the spectrophotometric determination of Fe (III). In both procedures, Fe (III) was extracted after complexation with gallic acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Tetrachloroethylene and 1-undecanol were used as extraction solvents in DLLME and DLLME-SFOD, respectively, while acetone was used as dispersing solvents. The effects of various experimental parameters (solution pH, the concentration of ligand and CTAB, as well as nature and amount of extraction and disperser solvents) on the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 50.0–650.0 and 8.0–800.0 μg L−1 and the detection limits were 15.0 and 5.0 μg L−1 for DLLME and DLLME-SFOD, respectively. The presence of NaCl, up to 1.0% (w/v) did not impact the extraction procedures. The analyte was good tolerated in the presence of most concomitant ions. The procedures were applied for the determination of Fe (III) in standard reference materials and real samples with good recoveries (95.5–99.0%) for DLLME-SFOD while poor recoveries (68.0–82.5%) were obtained when DLLME was applied. The analytical figures of the procedures were comparable with those listed in the literature and it could be concluded that DLLME-SFOD may be considered one of the best tools used for preconcentration of Fe (III), owing to its simplicity, time-saving and the possibility of using in conventional analytical laboratories.
Graphical abstract
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Gupta N, Thakur RS, Kumar S, Satyanarayana GNV, Yadav P, Tripathi S, Ansari NG, Patel DK. Modified DLLME-GC-TQMS determination of pesticide residues in Gomti River, Lucknow, India: ecological risk assessment and multivariate statistical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53737-53754. [PMID: 35290586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research article aims to establish an easy and well-defined analytical method for detection and quantification of multiclass pesticides in Gomti river water samples because the increased agricultural activities, industrialization, and urbanization had increased the presence of pesticides in the ecosystem which causes the depletion of water quality making it a global concern. The analytical method, vortex-assisted ultrasonication-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-solidification of floating organic droplets (VAUS-DLLME-SFO) was optimized using one parameter at a time approach which gave the recovery between 69.45 and 114.15%, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.0011-0.0111 µg/L and 0.0033-0.0368 µg/L, respectively, and RSD in the range of 0.75-1.29 which shows sensitivity and accuracy better than earlier reported methods. The data obtained were subjected to measurement uncertainty, risk assessment, and multivariate statistical analysis to establish the robustness of the developed analytical method. The measurement uncertainty found was concluded to be in the acceptable range for analytical results. Furthermore, the real samples were analyzed and the associated value of the risk quotient was found to be less than 1, except for aquatic invertebrates, establishing the fact that the current concentration of pesticides has no such negative threat to flora and fauna. The possible source of pesticides in the Gomti river system was established by multivariate analysis. It was thus concluded that anthropogenic activity is responsible for the variable concentration of pesticides found in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gubbala Naga Venkata Satyanarayana
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, BBD University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226028
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Tripathi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nasreen Ghazi Ansari
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA, Arutyunyan ZV. Possibilities and Limitations of Solid-Phase and Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, Hatje V, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Microscale extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462414. [PMID: 34320434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method based on an ultrasound-assisted extraction microscale device (UAE-MSD) for the rapid and simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) in marine sediments. Solvent extraction conditions were optimized by applying a simplex-centroid mixture design. Optimum conditions were used to validate and determine the concentrations of 17 PAH and 7 PASH. The best conditions were obtained by extracting sediments with 500 µL of DCM:MeOH (65:35, v:v) over 23 min of sonication. Analytes were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM). Matrix effects were evaluated, and matrix-matched calibration was used for quantitation. Analytical method validation was carried out using the certified reference material NIST SRM 1941b, as well as sediment spiked with PASH at three concentration levels. Recoveries ranged between 70.0 ± 3.5% and 119 ± 9.1% for PAH and 80.6 ± 10.4% and 120 ± 10% for PASH. Linearity (R2) was ≥0.99 for all compounds. Method detection limits ranged from 8.8 to 30.2 ng g-1, while limits of quantification ranged from 29.4 to 1011 ng g-1. UAE-MSD was applied to marine sediments exposed to different anthropogenic impacts collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. PAH concentrations ranged from <LOQ to 667 ng g-1, while PASH levels were <LOQ to 1152 ng g-1. Dibenzothiophene was the compound presented in the highest concentration in all samples, with values up to 249 ng g-1. The results indicated contributions of pyrogenic sources from all compounds. The developed method can potentially be applied to extract trace levels of compounds in different solid matrices to minimize extraction time and solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, Salvador, BA 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil.
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Ammen EW, Al-Salihi S, Al-Salhi R. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined with Successive Dilution for the Determination of Preservatives in Pharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ebadnezhad H, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Mohebbi A, Nemati M, Torbati M. Combining a liquid-liquid extraction with successive air assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for the analysis of phytosterols present in animal based butter and oil samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462025. [PMID: 33721815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an elevated temperature liquid-liquid extraction combined method with successive air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction has been proposed for the extraction of four phytosterols in cow milk butter and animal oil samples prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The method is started by combining a few grams of the melted butter or oil samples with ethanol. The mixture is vortexed and placed into a water-bath adjusted at 50 ⁰C. After a few minutes, the mixture is allowed to cool at room temperature. In this step, the butter or oil is become stiff and ethanol is collected on top of the sample. The separated ethanol phase is collected and mixed with deionized water to obtain a homogenous solution. After that, a few microliters of ethyl methyl ammonium chloride: pivalic acid deep eutectic solvent is added into the solution and the mixture was pulled into a glass test tube and pushed back to the tube for five times. After centrifugation, whole of the collected phase at the bottom of tube was withdrawn and transferred into a microtube and contacted with sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is withdrawn and released to the tube 2 times to remove the extracted fatty acids. The validation data verified that high enrichment factors (385-450) and extraction recoveries (77-90%), low limits of quantification (2.6-5.2 ng g-1) and detection (0.73-1.5 ng g-1), and satisfactory relative standard deviations (≤ 9.3%) can be obtained with this method. At last, the developed method was successfully used for the analysis of phytosterols in various butter and oil samples marketed in Tabriz, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ebadnezhad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ali Mohebbi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wu L, He Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang W, Sun C. QuEChERS with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1255-1263. [PMID: 33617642 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation characteristics. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection of PAHs in sediment is of great importance.
Objective
To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection after Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) treatment for simultaneous determination of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs in sediment samples.
Method
The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone and then the supernatant was purified with a modified QuEChERS method. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The separation was accomplished on a ZORBAX Eclipse PAH column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. The flow rate of the mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode was fixed at 0.9 mL/min. Detection was conducted on an ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector simultaneously. The qualitative analysis was based on retention time and the quantification was based on standard curves.
Results
Under the optimal conditions, this method showed good linearities in the range of 10–200 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9993. The method had LODs ranging from 0.00108 to 0.314 ng/g. The mean recoveries ranged from 78.4 to 117% with intra-day and inter-day RSDs of 0.592–10.7% and 1.01–13.0%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of 16 PAHs in sediment samples collected from the Funan River in Chengdu, China with total contents of 431–2143 ng/g·dw.
Conclusions
The established method is simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. It can be applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples.
Highlights
A method of QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with HPLC has been established for the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples and the proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis PAHs in real sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurong He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li H, Hou B, Wang L, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Boron nitride modified reduced graphene oxide as solid-phase microextraction coating material for the extraction of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1521-1528. [PMID: 33511696 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexagonal boron nitride modified reduced graphene oxide material was synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the solid-phase microextraction of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil samples prior to their detection by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Under optimal conditions, the linear response range of the analytes for water sample is 0.25-50 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.9953 and 0.9996. The linear range for soil sample is 1.0-400 ng/g with r ranging from 0.9959 to 0.9999. On the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the limits of detections for the analytes ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/mL for water samples, and from 0.3 to 0.5 ng/g for soil samples. The relative recoveries of the seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for water and soil samples were in the range of 79.55-120.0 and 78.76-120.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the determination of the analytes in water and soil samples were lower than 11 and 10%, respectively. The method is simple and suitable for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in water and soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Baoxiu Hou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
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12
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Pasupuleti RR, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK, Pugazhendhi A. Rapid determination of remdesivir (SARS-CoV-2 drug) in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring in COVID-19-Patients. Process Biochem 2020; 102:150-156. [PMID: 33390763 PMCID: PMC7762619 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To tackle the harmful consequences of the widespread COVID-19 pandemic, a broad-spectrum anti-viral drug remdesivir (RDV) has gained the utmost attention recently due to its promising application in treating COVID-19 patients. However, a fast and sensitive analytical methodology is important to monitor RDV drug profile in human plasma for pharmacokinetics (PK) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In this study, we demonstrate an improved vortex-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-SI-LLME) technique coupled with UHPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS/MS for rapid determination of RDV in human plasma. This technique involves simple one-step protein precipitation with hydrochloric acid and subsequent extraction with acetonitrile for analysis. Under the optimal VA-SI-LLME conditions (500 μL of acetonitrile with 2.5 g ammonium sulfate under 2 min vortex extraction), method validation results indicated an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9969 for UHPLC-PDA (monitored at 254 nm) and 0.9990 for UHPLC-MS/MS (monitored at electrospray ionization with + ion mode transitions of m/z 603.1→m/z 402.20 and m/z 603.1→ m/z 199.90). The detection and quantification limits were 1.5 and 5 ng/mL for UHPLC/PDA, and 0.3 and 1 ng/mL for UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The developed method showed excellent extraction recoveries between 90.79-116.74 % and 85.68-101.34 % with intraday and interday precision ≤ 9.59 for both methods. These results proved that the developed method is a simple, fast, and sensitive analytical method that can be applied as a standard analytical tool for PK and TDM studies of RDV in clinical trials during the current worldwide outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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13
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Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Bottom Sediments by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820080158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Manousi N, Zachariadis GA. Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E2182. [PMID: 32392764 PMCID: PMC7249015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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16
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Altunay N, Bingöl D, Elik A, Gürkan R. Vortex assisted-ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and spectrophotometric determination of quercetin in tea, honey, fruit juice and wine samples after optimization based on response surface methodology. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117166. [PMID: 31163328 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to develop a new vortex assisted-ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLM) method for preconcentration and determination of the quercetin in tea, honey, fruit juice and wine samples by spectrophotometry. The method is based on pH sensitive ion-pair formation between quercetin and rhodamine B at pH 6.5 by donor-acceptor mechanism, and then dispersion of the complex in the fine-drops of ionic liquid (IL). In this context, the effects of pH, concentrations of ion-pairing reagent, the IL, vortex time and dispersive solvent type on the preconcentration process of quercetin were investigated using a 2-level-5-factor central composite half fraction design (CCD) as experimental design for response surface methodology (RSM). Quantitative model was developed to determine the quercetin in food samples, and it is verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Response surface plots and contour plots obtained by the model are used to determine the interactions of experimental variables. After the optimization, calibration graph was obtained between 35 and 750 μg L-1 with the detection limit of 10.2 μg L-1. The recovery and relative standard deviations (RSD%) were in range of 94-104%, and in range of 2.5-4.2%, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were tested by the experimental studies such as recoveries, intermediate precision, trueness and expanded uncertainty. A comparison of the current results to those reported for other studies is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Altunay
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Bingöl
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, TR-41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adil Elik
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gürkan
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey
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17
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Leng G, Hu Q, He WF, Liu Z, Chen WJ, Xu WB, Yang QH, Sun J. A simple field method for the determination of sulfite in natural waters: Based on automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Mostafa A, Shaaban H. Development and validation of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of phthalate esters in perfumes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26897-26905. [PMID: 35541066 PMCID: PMC9083343 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and eco-friendly method has been developed for the simultaneous determination, preconcentration and extraction of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in perfumes using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Various factors affecting the DLLME efficiency, including the type and volume of the extracting and dispersing solvents, salt addition and vortex extraction time were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method provided low detection limits (0.003-0.070 ng mL-1), high extraction recovery (85.6-95.8%), wide linearity range (1.0-1000 ng mL-1) with good regression coefficients (>0.9984) and good precision (RSD% < 4.2%). The optimized method was successfully utilized for the analysis of different branded perfume samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982 Eastern Province Dammam 31441 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia +966 562623776
| | - Heba Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982 Eastern Province Dammam 31441 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia +966 562623776
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19
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Borges B, Melo A, Ferreira IM, Mansilha C. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of parent and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Armindo Melo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Mansilha
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Sadeghi S, Sarrafi N. A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on a task-specific ionic liquid for enrichment of trace quantity of cadmium in water and food samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Recent advances in liquid-phase microextraction techniques for the analysis of environmental pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Simultaneous Determination of Seven Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coffee Samples Using Effective Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Microextraction Method Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Method Optimization Using Central Composite Design. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Han SY, Jeong KM, Yoo DE, Jin Y, Kim EM, Kim SH, Lee SY, Kim SH, Zhao J, Lee J. Simple and rapid determination of zaltoprofen in human plasma by manual-shaking-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4050-4059. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Han
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jeong
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Yoo
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyung Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
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24
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Liu YM, Zhang FP, Jiao BY, Rao JY, Leng G. Automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography - cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy for the determination of mercury species in natural water samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Leng G, Chen WJ, Xu WB, Wang Y. Fully Automated Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Levels of Phthalate Esters in Liquor Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Wang J, Liu L, Shi L, Yi T, Wen Y, Wang J, Liu S. Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase-transfer-catalyst-assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:480-487. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Laping Liu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ludi Shi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Tingquan Yi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Juanli Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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27
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Leng G, Chen W, Wang Y. Simple field-based automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace level phthalate esters in natural waters with gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3392-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Leng
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
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28
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Bigus P, Tsakovski S, Simeonov V, Namieśnik J, Tobiszewski M. Hasse diagram as a green analytical metrics tool: ranking of methods for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3833-41. [PMID: 27038058 PMCID: PMC4848339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an application of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) as the assessment tool to select the most appropriate analytical procedures according to their greenness or the best analytical performance. The dataset consists of analytical procedures for benzo[a]pyrene determination in sediment samples, which were described by 11 variables concerning their greenness and analytical performance. Two analyses with the HDT were performed—the first one with metrological variables and the second one with “green” variables as input data. Both HDT analyses ranked different analytical procedures as the most valuable, suggesting that green analytical chemistry is not in accordance with metrology when benzo[a]pyrene in sediment samples is determined. The HDT can be used as a good decision support tool to choose the proper analytical procedure concerning green analytical chemistry principles and analytical performance merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bigus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", J. Bourchier Blvd. 1, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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29
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Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Lv S, Du Z, Liu X. Simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reclaimed water using solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-performance convergence chromatography with photodiode array detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:993-9. [PMID: 26663357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new fast and effective analysis method has been developed to simultaneously determine 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reclaimed water samples by ultra-performance convergence chromatography with photodiode array detection and solid-phase extraction. The parameters of ultra-performance convergence chromatography on the separation behaviors and the crucial condition of solid-phase extraction were investigated systematically. Under optimal conditions, the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could be separated within 4 min. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.4-4 and 1-10 μg/L in water, respectively. This approach has been applied to a real industrial wastewater treatment plant successfully. The results showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were dramatically decreased after chemical treatment procedure, and the oxidation procedure was effective to remove trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Agro-Monitoring Station, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Environmental Factors, Beijing, MOA, China
| | - Surong Lv
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Beijing Agro-Monitoring Station, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Environmental Factors, Beijing, MOA, China
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30
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Yahyavi H, Kaykhaii M, Hashemi M. A rapid spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of malondialdehyde in human plasma after its derivatization with thiobarbituric acid and vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of malondialdehyde in human plasma after its derivatization with thiobarbituric acid and vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain Yahyavi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan
- Zahedan 98135-674
- Iran
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan
- Zahedan 98135-674
- Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- Cellular Molecular Research Centre
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
- Zahedan
- Iran
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31
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Peng G, Lu Y, He Q, Mmereki D, Zhou G, Chen J, Tang X. Determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, phoxim and chlorpyrifos-methyl in water samples using a new pretreatment method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4204-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Ying Lu
- Mathematics and Physics; Armed Police College; Chengdu China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Daniel Mmereki
- National Centre for International Research of Low Carbon and Green Buildings; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
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32
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Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Alizadeh Nabil AA. Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4086-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
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33
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Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLLME) technique: A new microextraction approach for direct liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis analysis. Talanta 2015; 143:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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34
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Tobiszewski M, Namieśnik J. Scoring of solvents used in analytical laboratories by their toxicological and exposure hazards. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:169-173. [PMID: 26074309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry, although a well recognised concept, still lacks reliable environmental impact assessment procedures. This article describes scoring of solvents, frequently used in analytical laboratories, with CHEMS-1 model. The model uses toxicological and exposure data to calculate hazard values related to the utilisation of solvents. The original model was modified to incorporate hazards related to the volatility of chemicals. The scoring of hazard values showed that polar solvents are less hazardous. The scoring results were applied to assess the total hazard values in terms of solvent consumption. The hazard scores calculated for each chemical were multiplied by the volumes of solvent used during the analytical procedure. The results show that calculation of total procedural hazard values is valuable in the green analytical chemistry assessment procedure. Moreover, the assessment procedure can be combined with other procedural greenness assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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35
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Preconcentration and Simultaneous Determination of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Grilled Pork Samples by Ion-Pair-Based Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Ruan C, Zhao X, Liu C. Determination of diflubenzuron and chlorbenzuron in fruits by combining acetonitrile-based extraction with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2931-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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37
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Leng G, Chen W, Wang Y. Speciation analysis of mercury in sediments using ionic-liquid-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2684-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Leng
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
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38
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Nascimento PC, Gobo LA, Bohrer D, Carvalho LM, Cravo MC, Leite LFM. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fractions in asphalt mixtures using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2238-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Assis Gobo
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; 1000 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Denise Bohrer
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; 1000 Santa Maria Brazil
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39
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Melo A, Ferreira IMPLVO, Mansilha C. Application of a fast and cost-effective in situ derivatization method prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to monitor endocrine disruptors in water matrices. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1983-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armindo Melo
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Catarina Mansilha
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
- REQUIMTE; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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40
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Wang X, Chen J, Zhou Y, Liu X, Yao H, Ahmad F. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Micro-Solid Phase Extraction for the Rapid Determination of Metals in Food and Environmental Waters. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.1002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Daneshfar A, Khezeli T. Indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents by salting-out effect for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2694-2701. [PMID: 25242239 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost method that indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents (ISDME) by salting-out effect before high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different samples. The ISDME is a combination of salting-out extraction of water-miscible organic solvent and directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME). Ninety-five microliters water-miscible organic solvent (1-propanol) was added to a 500-µL sample. A homogeneous solution was formed immediately. To produce a steady vortex at the top of the solution, the sample was agitated at 700 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. By the addition of ammonium sulfate (saturated solution) to the homogeneous solution, 1-propanol was separated and collected at the bottom of the steady vortex. Finally, 20 µL 1-propanol was injected into HPLC-UV. The effects of important parameters such as water-miscible organic solvent (type and volume), type of salt, and extraction time were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, the method has a good linear calibration range (0.1 µg/L-300 µg/L), coefficients of determination (R(2) > 0.998), low limits of detection (between 0.02 µg/L and 0.27 µg/L), and acceptable recovery (>85.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshfar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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42
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Yang X, Diao CP, Sun AL, Liu RM. Rapid pretreatment and determination of bisphenol A in water samples based on vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2745-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng China
| | - Chun-Peng Diao
- School of Environment and Planning; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng China
| | - Ai-Ling Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng China
| | - Ren-Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng China
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43
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Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples. Molecules 2014; 19:6776-808. [PMID: 24858267 PMCID: PMC6271381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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44
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Seebunrueng K, Santaladchaiyakit Y, Srijaranai S. Vortex-assisted low density solvent based demulsified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:51-8. [PMID: 24332733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, effective and eco-friendly preconcentration method, vortex-assisted low density solvent based solvent demulsified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VLDS-SD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis, has been developed for the first time for the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (e.g., azinphos-methyl, parathion-methyl, fenitrothion and diazinon) in environmental water samples. In this preconcentration procedure, an emulsion was obtained after the mixture of extraction solvent (1-dodecanol) and dispersive solvent (acetonitrile, ACN) was injected rapidly into 10 mL of the sample solution. The vortex agitator aided the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the sample solution. After the formation of an emulsion, the demulsifier (ACN) was added, resulting in the rapid separation of the mixture into two phases without centrifugation. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method provided high extraction efficiency (90-99%), good linearity range (0.5-500 ng mL(-1)), low limits of detection (0.25-1 ng mL(-1)) and good repeatability and recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsarin Seebunrueng
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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45
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46
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Lu Y, Zhu Y. Combination of accelerated solvent extraction and vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of dimethyl fumarate in textiles and leathers by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 119:430-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Leng G, Chen W, Zhang M, Huang F, Cao Q. Determination of phthalate esters in liquor samples by vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction followed by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:684-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Leng
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Qiming Cao
- School of Resources and Environment; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
- Griffith School of Engineering; Nathan Campus; Griffith University; Nathan Australia
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48
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Lu Y, Zhu Y. Determination of chlorobenzenes in textiles by pressurized hot water extraction followed by vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Yang S, Chen C, Yan Z, Cai Q, Yao S. Evaluation of metal-organic framework 5 as a new SPE material for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1283-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha China
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50
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Watabe Y, Kubo T, Tanigawa T, Hayakawa Y, Otsuka K, Hosoya K. Trace level determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river water with automated pretreatment HPLC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1128-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Watabe
- Global Application Development Center; Shimadzu Corporation; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Global Application Development Center; Shimadzu Corporation; Kyoto Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Ken Hosoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto Prefectural University; Kyoto Japan
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