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Stojić N, Pezo L, Lončar B, Pucarević M, Filipović V, Prokić D, Ćurčić L, Štrbac S. Prediction of the Impact of Land Use and Soil Type on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Phthalates in Soil Based on Model Simulation. TOXICS 2023; 11:269. [PMID: 36977034 PMCID: PMC10057983 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r2) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Stojić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.L.); (V.F.)
| | - Mira Pucarević
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Vladimir Filipović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.L.); (V.F.)
| | - Dunja Prokić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Ljiljana Ćurčić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (N.S.); (M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Snežana Štrbac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Bhattu M, Kathuria D, Billing BK, Verma M. Chromatographic techniques for the analysis of organophosphate pesticides with their extraction approach: a review (2015-2020). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:322-358. [PMID: 34994766 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In agriculture, a wide range of OPPs has been employed to boost crop yield, quality, and storage life. However, due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization, pesticide use has surged in recent years. These compounds are exceedingly poisonous to humans, and despite the fact that specific legislation prohibits their use, the frequency of toxic and/or fatal incidents, as well as current statistics, suggest that they are currently accessible. As a result, determining the exposure to these substances as well as their detection (and that of their metabolites) in different types of exposed samples has become a hot issue in terms of quality and safety concerns. However, developing tools for the evaluation of these substances is a critical challenge for laboratories. Various chromatographic-based methods reported in the period of 2015-2020 have been developed, which are summarized and critically reviewed in this article, including the extraction of the target OPPs from different kinds of matrices. A comparison among the extraction and analysis techniques has been made in the current review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhattu
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Beant Kaur Billing
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India. niperdeepika12@gmail
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3
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García Valverde M, Martínez Bueno MJ, Gómez-Ramos MM, Aguilera A, Gil García MD, Fernández-Alba AR. Determination study of contaminants of emerging concern at trace levels in agricultural soil. A pilot study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146759. [PMID: 33838369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a quick, easy, and robust extraction method for the simultaneous determination of 30 organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including some transformation products in soil samples. Three different extraction methods based on an ultrasonic cylindrical probe (UAE), a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and a QuEChERS method were compared. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for identification and quantification of the target analytes. A modified QuEChERS method showed the best results in terms of extractability and accuracy. The extraction procedure developed provided adequate extraction performances (70% of the target analytes were recovered within a 70-99% range), with good repeatability and reproducibility (variations below 20%) and great sensitivity (LOQ < 0.1 ng/g in most cases). No matrix effects were observed for 70% of the compounds. Finally, the analytical methodology was applied in a pilot study where agricultural soil was irrigated with reclaimed water spiked with the contaminants under study. Of the 25 CECs added in irrigation water, a total of 13 pesticides and 5 pharmaceutical products were detected at concentration ranges from 0.1 to 1.2 ng/g (d.w) and from 0.1 to 2.0 ng/g (d.w), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Martínez Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Aguilera
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M D Gil García
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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4
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Chen H, Li W, Guo L, Weng H, Wei Y, Guo Q. Residue, dissipation, and safety evaluation of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry under open-field conditions in the China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:517. [PMID: 31352622 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and residual levels of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry under open field conditions were determined by using GC-NPD (gas chromatography with nitrogen and phosphorus detector) with modified QuEChERS method. At fortification levels of 0.01, 1, and 5 mg/kg in Goji berry, it was shown that recoveries were ranged from 80.40 to 100.9% with relative standard deviation of the method (RSD) for repeatability ranged from 2.20 to 4.25%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg/kg. The dissipation rates of etoxazole and pyridaben were described by using first-order kinetics and its half-life, as they are 7.13 days, 5.77 days, and 5.99 days (etoxazole) and 1.02 day, 0.67 day, 1.02 day (pyridaben). The terminal residues of etoxazole and pyridaben were below the European maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.1 mg/kg) in Goji berry when measured 7 days after the final application, which suggested that the use of these insecticides was safe for humans. This study would help in providing the basic information for developing regulation to guard a safe use of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry and prevent health problem from consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Guo
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Weng
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhai Wei
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
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Hvězdová M, Kosubová P, Košíková M, Scherr KE, Šimek Z, Brodský L, Šudoma M, Škulcová L, Sáňka M, Svobodová M, Krkošková L, Vašíčková J, Neuwirthová N, Bielská L, Hofman J. Currently and recently used pesticides in Central European arable soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:361-370. [PMID: 28917175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although large amounts of pesticides are used annually and a majority enters the soil to form short- or long-term residues, extensive soil surveys for currently used pesticides (CUPs) are scarce. To determine the status of CUPs' occurrence in arable land in Central Europe, 51 CUPs and 9 transformation products (TPs) were analysed in 75 arable soils in the Czech Republic (CR) several months after the last pesticide application. Moreover, two banned triazines (simazine and atrazine) and their TPs were analysed because of their frequent detection in CR waters. Multi-residue pesticide analysis on LC-MS/MS after soil QuEChERS extraction was used. The soils contained multiple pesticide residues frequently (e.g. 51% soils with ≥5 pesticides). The levels were also noticeable (e.g. 36% soils with ≥3 pesticides exceeding the threshold of 0.01mg/kg). After triazine herbicides (89% soils), conazole fungicides showed the second most frequent occurrence (73% soils) and also high levels (53% soils with total conazoles above 0.01mg/kg). Frequent occurrence was found also for chloroacetanilide TPs (25% of soils), fenpropidin (20%) and diflufenican (17%). With the exception of triazines' negative correlation to soil pH, no clear relationships were found between pesticide occurrence and soil properties. Association of simazine TPs with terbuthylazine and its target crops proved the frequent residues of this banned compound originate from terbuthylazine impurities. In contrast, frequent atrazine-2-hydroxy residue is probably a legacy of high atrazine usage in the past. The occurrence and levels of compounds were closely associated with their solubility, hydrophobicity and half-life. The results showed links to CR water-monitoring findings. This study represents the first extensive survey of multiple pesticide residues in Central European arable soils, including an insight into their relationships to site and pesticide properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hvězdová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kosubová
- Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Hroznová 2, Brno 656 06, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kerstin E Scherr
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Šimek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Brodský
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šudoma
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Škulcová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sáňka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Svobodová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Krkošková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vašíčková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Neuwirthová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bielská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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6
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Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy A, Yusop Z, Jaafar J, Bin Aris A, Abdul Majid Z, Umar K, Talib J. Simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides in different food commodities by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 39:2276-83. [PMID: 27095506 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in three different food commodities (milk, apples, and drinking water) employing solid-phase extraction for sample pretreatment. Pesticide extraction from different sample matrices was carried out on Chromabond C18 cartridges using 3.0 mL of methanol and 3.0 mL of a mixture of dichloromethane/acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) as the eluting solvent. Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using selected-ion monitoring mode. Good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.1-50 μg/L for chlorpyrifos, and 0.05-50 μg/L for both malathion and diazinon pesticides. Good repeatability and recoveries were obtained in the range of 78.54-86.73% for three pesticides under the optimized experimental conditions. The limit of detection ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 μg/L, and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/L for all three pesticides. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of three targeted pesticides in milk, apples, and drinking water samples each in triplicate. No pesticide was found in apple and milk samples, but chlorpyrifos was found in one drinking water sample below the quantification level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Yusop
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jafariah Jaafar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Bin Aris
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Umar
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Juhaizah Talib
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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7
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Meng M, He Z, Xu Y, Wang L, Peng Y, Liu X. Simultaneous extraction and determination of antibiotics in soils using a method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3214-3220. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Meng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Zeying He
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Yi Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
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8
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Valverde S, Ares AM, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and metazachlor residues in soil by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valverde
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana M. Ares
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José Luis Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - María Jesús Nozal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
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Ramasubramanian T, Paramasivam M. Dissipation behavior of phorate and its toxic metabolites in the sandy clay loam soil of a tropical sugarcane ecosystem using a single-step sample preparation method and GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3973-3982. [PMID: 27546010 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dissipation of phorate in the sandy clay loam soil of tropical sugarcane ecosystem was studied by employing a single-step sample preparation method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.01 μg/g. The recoveries of phorate, phorate sulfoxide, phorate sulfone, and phorate oxon were in the range 94.00-98.46% with relative standard deviations of 1.51-3.56% at three levels of fortification between 0.01 and 0.1 μg/g. The Half-life of phorate and the total residues, which include phorate, phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone, was 5.5 and 19.8 days, respectively at the recommended dose of insecticide. Phorate rapidly oxidized into its sulfoxide metabolite in the sandy clay loam soil. Phorate sulfoxide alone accounted for more than 20% of the total residues within 2 h post-application and it was more than 50% on the fifth day after treatment irrespective of the doses applied. Phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone reached below the detectable level on 105 and 135 days after treatment, respectively as against 45 days after treatment for phorate residues at the recommended dose. Thus, the reasonably prolonged efficacy of phorate against soil pests may be attributed to longer persistence of its more toxic sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalaiandi Ramasubramanian
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ,
| | - Mariappan Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Peng XT, Li YN, Xia H, Peng LJ, Feng YQ. Rapid and sensitive detection of fipronil and its metabolites in edible oils by solid-phase extraction based on humic acid bonded silica combined with gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2196-203. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tian Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan China
| | - Yu-Nan Li
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Hong Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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11
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He Z, Wang L, Peng Y, Luo M, Wang W, Liu X. Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and earthworm (Eisenia fetida
) using a QuEChERS-based method and gas chromatography with tandem MS. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3766-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeying He
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Yi Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
| | | | - Xiaowei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin P.R. China
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