1
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Mao Z, Chen J, Jiang D, Zhao N, Qin Y, Mao X, Fang F, Ma P. Itaconic Acid-Based Organic-Polymer Monolithic Column for Hydrophilic Capillary Electrochromatography and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1554-1561. [PMID: 38222631 PMCID: PMC10785275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Itaconic acid is an excellent hydrophilic monomer owing to the dicarboxylic group possessing strong polarity. This study reports on the preparation of a new organic-polymer monolithic column poly(itaconic acid-co-3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (poly(IA-co-AHM)) featuring excellent hydrophilic chromatography ability and its application in pharmaceutical analysis. The monolithic column was successfully synthesized by using the monomer itaconic acid and the cross-linker AHM through an in situ copolymerization method. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for the characterization of the poly(IA-co-AHM) monolithic column, and all of these demonstrated that the prepared itaconic acid-based monolithic column exhibited satisfactory permeability and a homogeneous porous structure. Owing to the carboxylic groups of itaconic acid, a cathodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) was generated on the itaconic acid-based monolithic column among the pH ranges of the mobile phase from 4.0 to 9.0. Depending on the powerful hydrophilic interactions, different kinds of polar substances, including thioureas, nucleoside drugs, sulfonamides, and polypeptides, were separated efficiently by the itaconic acid-based monoliths poly(IA-co-AHM). The separations of polar compounds were successfully realized, even at a lower level of 50% acetonitrile content on this monolithic column. The highest column efficiencies corresponding to N,N'-dimethylthiourea and idoxuridine were 102 720 and 124 267 N/m, respectively. The poly(IA-co-AHM) monolithic column displayed excellent repeatability, whose relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area were both lower than 5.0%. All experimental results demonstrated that the new itaconic acid-functionalized monolithic column was greatly appropriate to separate the polar compounds under the HILIC mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yinhui Qin
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou
Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
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2
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2021-mid-2023). Electrophoresis 2024; 45:165-198. [PMID: 37670208 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article brings a comprehensive survey of developments and applications of high-performance capillary and microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, micropreparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides in the period from 2021 up to ca. the middle of 2023. Progress in the study of electromigration properties of peptides and various aspects of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, electroosmotic flow regulation, and detection, are presented. New developments in the particular capillary electromigration methods are demonstrated, and several types of their applications are reported. They cover qualitative and quantitative analysis of synthetic or isolated peptides and determination of peptides in complex biomatrices, peptide profiling of biofluids and tissues, and monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes of peptides. They include also amino acid and sequence analysis of peptides, peptide mapping of proteins, separation of stereoisomers of peptides, and their chiral analyses. In addition, micropreparative separations and physicochemical characterization of peptides and their interactions with other (bio)molecules by the above CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Zhang M, Chen J, Xu G, Yu T, Du Y. A chiral metal-organic framework synthesized by the mixture of chiral and non-chiral organic ligands for enantioseparation of drugs by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1699:464029. [PMID: 37119710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
A chiral metal-organic framework L-Histidine-Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (L-His-ZIF-67) was synthesized by the mixture of chiral organic ligand L-histidine and non-chiral organic ligand 2-methylimidazole directly, and to the author's knowledge, the chiral L-His-ZIF-67 coated capillary column we prepared has still not been reported to date in the field of capillary electrophoresis. This chiral metal-organic frameworks material was used as the chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation of drugs by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. The separation conditions such as pH value, buffer concentration and proportion of organic modifier were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the established enantioseparation system achieved good separation effect, and the resolution of five chiral drugs: esmolol (7.93), nefopam (3.03), salbutamol (2.42), scopolamine (1.08) and sotalol (0.81). In addition, the chiral recognition mechanism of L-His-ZIF-67 was elucidated by a series of mechanism experiments, and the specific interaction force was preliminarily speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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4
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Kašička V. Peptide mapping of proteins by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4245-4279. [PMID: 36200755 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides a wide overview of important developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the area of peptide mapping of proteins in the period 1997-mid-2022, including review articles on this topic. It deals with all major aspects of peptide mapping by capillary electromigration methods: i) precleavage sample preparation involving purification, preconcentration, denaturation, reduction and alkylation of protein(s) to be analyzed, ii) generation of peptide fragments by off-line or on-line enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage of protein(s), iii) postcleavage preparation of the generated peptide mixture for capillary electromigration separation, iv) separation of the complex peptide mixtures by one-, two- and multidimensional capillary electromigration methods coupled with mass spectrometry detection, and v) a large application of peptide mapping for variable purposes, such as qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies and other protein biopharmaceuticals, monitoring of posttranslational modifications, determination of primary structure and investigation of function of proteins in biochemical and clinical research, characterization of proteins of variable origin as well as for protein and peptide identification in proteomic and peptidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Electromigration Methods, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Aki K, Okamura E. Real-Time 1H NMR reveals position and sequence dependences of amino acid isomerization in amyloid beta fragments in situ. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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He L, Tang M, Qin G, Zi M, Yuan L. Separation of enantiomers by open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using (R)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives as chiral stationary phases. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Xiao He
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Hua Tang
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Gai‐Zhao Qin
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
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7
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Gao L, Hu X, Qin S, Chu H, Tang Y, Li X, Wang B. One-pot synthesis of a novel chiral Zr-based metal-organic framework for capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1161-1173. [PMID: 35312084 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) of Zr-based metal-organic framework, l-Cys-PCN-224, was prepared by one-pot method and applied for the enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography. The CSP was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, circular dichroism spectrum, zeta-potential, and so on. The results revealed that the CSP had good crystallinity, high specific surface area (2580 m2 /g), and good thermal stability. Meanwhile, the cross-section of l-Cys-PCN-224-bonded open-tubular (OT) column was observed by a scanning electron microscope, which proved the successful bonding of l-Cys-PCN-224 particles to the inner wall. Relative standard deviations of the column efficiencies were 3.87%-9.14%, and not obviously changed after 200 runs, which indicated that l-Cys-PCN-224-bonded OT column had the better stability and reproducibility. Excellent chiral separation performance was verified with nine kinds of natural amino acids including acidic, neutral, and basic as the analytes. All amino acids studied achieved good separation with the resolution of 1.38-13.9 and selector factor of 1.11-3.71. These results demonstrated that the CSP had an excellent potential in the chiral separation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Xingfang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Shili Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- College of food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, P. R. China
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8
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Li M, Wang Y, He K, Wang Y. Determination of pepsin by capillary electrophoresis using mixed polymer coated capillary with switchable properties towards protein adsorption/desorption. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1960-1970. [PMID: 35352869 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple on-line preconcentration method for quantitative detection of pepsin was realized by using the binary mixed polymer brushes coated capillary with switchable properties towards protein adsorption. Firstly, the binary mixed polymer brushes were prepared by grafting poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) onto the inner wall of the capillary through polydopamine anchor. Then the coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and electroosmotic flow measurement. The results indicated that the composition of coating could be controlled by varying the feed ratio of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) to poly(4-vinylpyridine) and the inner surface charge could be tuned toward the change of pH and ionic strength. The results showed when poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(4-vinylpyridine) mass ratio was 80/20, the highest on-line preconcentration effect was obtained and the sensitivity enhancement factor was 6.3. Moreover, satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection: 7.5 ng/mL) and good repeatability were obtained with on-line preconcentration method. The polymer coated capillary was still stable for on-line preconcentration and detection of pepsin after 50 consecutive runs. Lastly, the proposed method was used successfully to on-line preconcentrate pepsin in saliva matrix. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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9
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Bao W, Zhang C, Yang M, Nan D, Liu T, Guo X, Fang L. Preparation and modeling study of novel carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin silica hybrid monolithic column for enantioseparations in capillary electrochromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021). Electrophoresis 2021; 43:82-108. [PMID: 34632606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
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12
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Zhou W, Yu X, Liu Y, Sun W, Chen Z. Porous layer open-tubular column with styrene and itaconic acid-copolymerized polymer as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2664-2671. [PMID: 34499755 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the specific surface area of stationary phase is important in chromatographic science, especially in open-tubular column in which the coating only exists on the inner surface. In this work, a porous layer open-tubular (PLOT) column with stationary phase of styrene and itaconic acid-copolymerized polymer was developed. Thermal-initiated polymerization method with strategies like controlling the ratio of reaction reagents to solvents and reaction time, confinement by the narrow inner diameter of capillary were used for preparing the stationary phase with uniform structure and relatively thick layer. Due to the high separation efficiency and capacity, the PLOT column was used for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) separation of multiple groups of analytes like alkylbenzenes, phenyl amines, phenols, vanillins, and sulfonamides with theoretical plates (N) up to 1,54,845 N/m. In addition, due to high permeability of the CEC column and large electroosmotic flow mobility generated by abundant carboxyl groups in the coating material, the PLOT-CEC column was successfully coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) through a sheath flow interface. The developed PLOT-CEC-MS method was used for the analysis of antiseptics like parabens and herbicides like pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministryof Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministryof Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministryof Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministryof Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministryof Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Masci M, Zoani C, Nevigato T, Turrini A, Jasionowska R, Caproni R, Ratini P. Authenticity assessment of dairy products by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:340-354. [PMID: 34407231 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk and derivatives are a very important part in the diet of the world population. Products from goat, buffalo, and sheep species have a greater economic value than the cow ones, therefore, authenticity frauds by improperly adding cow's milk occur frequently: dairy products are among the seven more attractive foods for adulteration. Milk from each of the above-cited animal species has its own definite profile of whey proteins (variants of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin) and its definite profile of caseins (variants of αS1 -, αS2 -, β-, and κ-casein). Such proteins can be usefully exploited as markers of authenticity by using capillary electrophoresis which is the technique of choice for the analysis of proteins. Due to the multiple adjustable parameters that are unknown to other analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis is able to detect frauds in milk mixtures and cheese with little use of solvents, fast analysis time, and ease of operation. This makes it attractive and competitive for routine checks that are very important to fight the adulteration market. Advantages and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Masci
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Zoani
- Department for Sustainability-Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (ENEA-SSPT-BIOAG), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresina Nevigato
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Aida Turrini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Caproni
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ratini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Ali F, AlOthman ZA, Al-Shaalan NH. Mixed-mode open tubular column for peptide separations by capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2602-2611. [PMID: 33905621 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatography open tubular column has been developed for peptide separation in electrochromatography. A column with 92 cm effective length and 50 μm internal diameter is fabricated internally with a copolymer sheet of restricted thickness. Catalyst facilitated binding of the coupling agent 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl isocyanate has been carried out at the interior surface of the column. The initiator sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was bound to the coupling agent. A small amount of N-[2-(acryloylamino) phenyl] acrylamide was used along with methacrylic acid and styrene in the monomer mixture to induce a little polar character in the stationary phase fabricated inside the column. Twenty-three peptides have been separated from a chemically digested protein mixture present in cytochrome C in capillary electrochromatography, in addition to the separation of six commercial peptides. We achieved an average plate count of over 1.5 million/m with the column of current study both for the digested protein components and commercial peptides using 70/30% v/v (acetonitrile/20 mM ammonium formate) at pH 6.5. In addition, the column resulted in baseline separation of all the peptides with very good resolution, enhanced peak capacity, and better retention time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zeid A AlOthman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Hamad Al-Shaalan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ali A, Sun G, Kim JS, Kim YS, An HJ, Cheong WJ. Preparation and Evaluation of 2 m Long Open Tubular Capillary Columns of 50 μm Internal Diameter for Separation of Peptides in Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-04003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Svobodová J, Mikšík I. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic application of a sol-gel matrix with chilli peppers, garlic, or synthetic additives. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3691-3701. [PMID: 32662597 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a possible combination of two promising fields of analytical chemistry-the preparation of sol-gel matrices with varying additives and their application in capillary electrochromatography. The inner surfaces of capillaries were coated with the sol-gel solution containing either pure synthetic chemical additive-alliin or capsaicin-or an extract of their natural sources-garlic and chilli pepper, respectively. The modified capillaries were tested for interaction with two neurotransmitters, oligopeptides and nucleotides under conditions of open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Because both of the natural extracts also contain vitamin C and saccharose, the capillaries with sol-gel modifiers containing each of these substances were also tested. The obtained results from the perspective of changes in the electrochromatograms and the effective mobilities of analytes are discussed with respect to mild conditions both in the preparation process of the sol-gel matrix and during the separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Svobodová
- Department of Translation Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Department of Translation Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Fan S, Guan J, Yan F, Zhang D, Shi S, Wang S. Preparation of open‐tubular CEC column bonded with 6‐O‐monotosyl‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin and its application in the enantioseparation of several related benzimidazoles. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Fan
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Silin Wang
- School of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang P. R. China
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19
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Hajba L, Guttman A. Recent Advances in Capillary Electrochromatography of Proteins and Carbohydrates in the Biopharmaceutical and Biomedical Field. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:289-298. [PMID: 32022586 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1720589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a powerful hybrid separation technique that combines capillary electrophoresis and capillary chromatography, capable to address the analytical challenges of proteomics and glycomics. The focus of this paper is to review the recent developments in capillary electrochromatography of proteins and carbohydrates. The different column types applied in capillary electrochromatography such as packed bed, open tubular and monoliths are conferred in detail with respective separation examples. A comprehensive comparison is also given listing the mostly utilized coating methods, stationary phase materials and column preparation methods. The choice of porogenic solvent combinations for monolithic column fabrication is thoroughly discussed, paying close attention to the fine tuning options for the separation driving electroosmotic flow. Application examples of CEC in process analytical technology for the biopharmaceutical and biomarker discovery in the biomedical fields are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hajba
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - A Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.,Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory for Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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A monolithic capillary modified with a copoplymer prepared from the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide and styrene for electrochromatography of alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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22
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Multi-particle frits for packed capillary columns in electrochromatographic use. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Chen J, Peng S, Peng S, Zhang Z, Tong Y, Miller PW, Yan XP. Emerging porous materials in confined spaces: from chromatographic applications to flow chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2566-2595. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous materials confined within capillary columns/microfluidic devices are discussed, and progress in chromatographic and membrane separations and catalysis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Junxing Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Shuyin Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zizhe Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | | | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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24
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Comparison of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing and cation exchange chromatography for monitoring dextrose-mediated glycation of monoclonal antibodies in infusion solutions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Mao X, Liu L, Xiao F, Ni W, Cheng X. An innovative reversed-phase monolithic column modified with 4-vinylbiphenyl and ionic liquid stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A poly(VBP-co-EDMA-co-IL) monolithic column was used for electrochromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Fang Xiao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Wenshan Ni
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Xintao Cheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
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26
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Mikšík I. Coupling of CE-MS for protein and peptide analysis. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:385-397. [PMID: 30238606 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review is focused on the latest developments in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. First, the methodology and instrumentation are overviewed. In this section, recent progress in capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry interfaces and capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization is mentioned, as well as separation tasks. The second part is devoted to applications-mainly bottom-up and top-down proteomics. It is obvious that capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry methods are well suited for peptide and protein analysis (proteomic research) and it is described how these techniques are complementary and not competitive with the often used liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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27
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Mao Z, Qin X, Chen Z. Monolithic column functionalized with quinine derivative for anion‐exchange capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3006-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Qin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
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28
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Wu J, Sun J, Cheng H, Liu J, Wang Y. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by capillary electrochromatography by using capillary columns packed with polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-specific particles. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Wu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jiannan Sun
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Qianjiang College; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Qianjiang College; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
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29
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Liu X, Sun S, Nie R, Ma J, Qu Q, Yang L. Highly uniform porous silica layer open-tubular capillary columns produced via in-situ biphasic sol–Gel processing for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Xiao X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Jia L. Poly(norepinephrine)-coated open tubular column for the separation of proteins and recombination human erythropoietin by capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4636-4644. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jia Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
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31
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Jansson ET. Strategies for analysis of isomeric peptides. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:385-397. [PMID: 28922569 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an overview and recent progress of strategies for detecting isomerism in peptides, with focus on d/l epimerization and the various isomers that the presence of an aspartic acid residue may yield in a protein or peptide. While mass spectrometry has become a majorly used method of choice within proteomics, isomerism is inherently difficult to analyze because it is a modification that does not yield any change in mass of the analyte. Here, several techniques used for analysis of peptide isomerism are discussed, including enzymatic assays, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. Recent progress in method development using mass spectrometry is also discussed, including labeling strategies, fragmentation techniques, and ion-mobility spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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33
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Liu Y, Wang W, Jia M, Liu R, Liu Q, Xiao H, Li J, Xue Y, Wang Y, Yan C. Recent advances in microscale separation. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:8-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rangdong Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd.; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yun Xue
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
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34
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Tarongoy FM, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Recent developments in open tubular capillary electrochromatography from 2016 to 2017. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:34-52. [PMID: 28815745 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) continues to thrive because of the inherent advantage of OT-CEC combining the high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis and the high selectivity of high performance liquid chromatography. For the period 2016 to 2017, novel materials have been developed as first-time stationary phases for OT-CEC and are grouped in this review as polymer-based materials, frameworks, nanoparticles, graphene-based materials, and biomaterials. Coating and fabrication methods mostly rely on covalent coating strategies while non-covalent immobilisation strategies like electrostatic assembly are notably still being employed. The concern of overcoming phase ratio challenges in OT-CEC coatings have also generated adoption of combined coating strategies including multi-layering, layer-by-layer self-assembly and methods adapted from nanofilm fabrications like epitaxial growth, liquid phase deposition, or nucleation of crystal growth. The emergence of non-conventional coating characterisation methods such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino M Tarongoy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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35
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Cheng H, Wang Y. Fabrication of single-walled carbon nanohorns incorporated a monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Qianjiang College; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou China
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36
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Daria D, Liudmila K, Gennady E. Highly fluorinated polymers with sulfonate, sulfamide and N
,N
-diethylamino groups for the capillary electromigration separation of proteins and steroid hormones. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3335-3342. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzema Daria
- Saint Petersburg State University; Institute of chemistry; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Kartsova Liudmila
- Saint Petersburg State University; Institute of chemistry; Saint Petersburg Russia
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37
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Wang J, Shen S, Lu X, Ye F. One-pot preparation of an organic polymer monolith by thiol-ene click chemistry for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3144-3152. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Shufen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
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38
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Guo H, Niu X, Pan C, Yi T, Chen H, Chen X. A novel in situ strategy for the preparation of a β-cyclodextrin/polydopamine-coated capillary column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2645-2653. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Congjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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39
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Kong D, Chen Z. Evaluation of the interaction between hydroxyapatite and bisphosphonate by nonlinear capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2030-2036. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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