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Nania C, Noyek SE, Soltani S, Katz J, Fales JL, Birnie KA, Orr SL, McMorris CA, Noel M. Peer Victimization, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Examination. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104534. [PMID: 38615800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) co-occur at high rates in youth and are linked to worse pain outcomes and quality of life. While peer victimization has been posited as a mechanism underlying the PTSS-pain relationship in youth, empirical evidence suggests that it may exacerbate both PTSS and pain. The present study aimed to longitudinally examine PTSS as a mediator in the relationship between peer victimization at baseline and pain-related outcomes at 3 months in youth with chronic pain. Participants included 182 youth aged 10 to 18 years recruited from a tertiary-level children's hospital in Western Canada. At baseline, participants completed measures to assess pain (intensity and interference), peer victimization (relational and overt), and PTSS. The pain was reassessed at a 3-month follow-up. Primary hypotheses were tested utilizing a series of mediation analyses with PTSS as a proposed mediator in the associations between peer victimization and pain outcomes. Youth PTSS mediated the relationship between higher baseline relational victimization and higher 3-month pain interference while controlling for baseline pain interference. Three-month pain intensity was not correlated with peer victimization; thus, pain intensity was not included in the analyses. These findings reveal that PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence of peer victimization and chronic pain in youth. Further research is needed to better understand the role of peer victimization in the maintenance of chronic pain to ensure appropriate, effective, and timely interventions that address the social and mental health issues impacting the lives of these youth as well as their pain. PERSPECTIVE: PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence between peer victimization and chronic pain in youth, highlighting the need to assess for both peer relationship problems and PTSS in youth with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Nania
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha E Noyek
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabine Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Fales
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serena L Orr
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Negri-Schwartz O, Lavidor M, Shilton T, Gothelf D, Hasson-Ohayon I. Post-traumatic growth correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102409. [PMID: 38422715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parenting a child with a chronic illness presents a complex journey marked by various challenges, along with possible personal growth following these challenges. In this systematic review we present three meta-analyses, in order to examine the associations of post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of children with diverse chronic illnesses, and psychological distress, social support, and resilience. Analyzing 34 studies encompassing a total of 5328 parents, the results reveal several key findings. First, PTG was found to be prevalent among the parents. Second, there was no significant correlation between PTG and psychological distress, suggesting that these two processes may exist independently. Third, a positive correlation was observed between PTG and both social support and resilience-related factors, underscoring the role of these factors in fostering growth among parents of children with chronic illnesses. Additionally, illness type emerged as a moderator, affecting the strength of the above-mentioned correlations with PTG. Specifically, in the case of psychiatric illnesses, correlations of PTG with social support and resilience were stronger than in the context of other illnesses. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of recognizing and addressing PTG correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses, offering insights for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Tal Shilton
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Bakula DM, Wallisch A, Slosky L, Dean K, Davis A, Edwards S. Prevalence of Parent Mental Health Problems in an Interdisciplinary Feeding Clinic: Short Communication. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:824-827. [PMID: 37779232 PMCID: PMC10841045 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) often experience high stress and may be at advanced risk for mental health conditions. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 413 parents who completed intake surveys at an interdisciplinary feeding clinic to determine the prevalence and types of mental health conditions among parents; 41.8% of parents reported a mental health diagnosis among the mother and/or father. Of the parents with mental health conditions, the most prevalent conditions reported were anxiety (71.1% for mothers, 50% for fathers) and mood disorders (62.7% for mothers, 40.9% for fathers). For mothers, 21.1% indicated their mental health disorder had a postpartum onset. Parents of children with birth complications were more likely to have a mental health condition (50.9%) than parents of children without a birth complication (38.7%), and parents reporting mental health conditions had children with significantly more co-occurring medical conditions. Since parent stress and mental health can influence parent-child interactions during mealtime, this study suggests the importance of addressing both parent mental health factors and child factors when treating children for PFD. Future studies are needed to develop novel interventions that support the specific mental health needs of parents of children with PFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Bakula
- From Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- the School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- the Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
| | - Anna Wallisch
- Juniper Gardens Children's Project, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - Laura Slosky
- From Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- the School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kelsey Dean
- the Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ann Davis
- the Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Sarah Edwards
- From Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- the School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- the Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
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Lunkenheimer F, Mutter A, Vogelmann P, Baumeister H. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents and young adults with a chronic somatic disease: a mixed-methods study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:80. [PMID: 37365570 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a chronic somatic disease (CD) have a 3-fold higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than healthy controls. In addition, elevated post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have a negative impact on CD severity, treatment adherence, health problems and functional impairment. However, a more detailed understanding of this comorbidity is lacking. METHODS AYA with type 1 diabetes mellitus, juvenile idiopathic arthritis or cystic fibrosis (12-21 years of age) and elevated anxiety and/or depression symptoms, as well as their reference persons (≥ 18 years of age), completed online questionnaires in self- or observer report. The most stressful event related to the CD was reported descriptively. Questionnaires were used to assess PTSS, anxious and depressive symptoms, actual overall health, coping, personal growth and social support. Qualitative content analysis, linear regression models and correlations were used for mixed methods analysis. RESULTS According to the reports of n = 235 AYA (mean age 15.61; 73% girls) and n = 70 reference persons, four categories were identified as the most stressful events due to CD: (1) psychological burden (40% of AYA / 50% of reference persons); (2) CD self-management (32% / 43%); (3) social burden (30% / 27%); and (4) physical impairment (23% / 16%). 37% of AYA reported clinically relevant PTSS due to CD. The best predictors of PTSS severity were anxious-depressive symptoms, emotional coping, personal growth and current overall health (F(4, 224) = 59.404, R² = 0.515, p < .001). Of all categories, psychological (β = 0.216, p = .002) and social burden (β = 0.143, p = .031) showed significant association with the severity of PTSS (F(4, 230) = 4.489, R² = 0.072, p = .002). The more categories the most stressful event addressed, the higher was the PTSS symptom severity (r = .168, p = .010). CONCLUSIONS Many AYA showed clinically relevant PTSS and reported experiencing stressful events in several areas of life through their CD. The association between the stressful event categories and other variables could help identify AYA with CD who need psychological interventions the most. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00016714, registered on 25/03/2019 and DRKS00017161, registered on 17/09/201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Lunkenheimer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Agnes Mutter
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pauline Vogelmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Psychological Effects and Quality of Life in Parents and Children with Jia-Associated Uveitis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121864. [PMID: 36553308 PMCID: PMC9777304 DOI: 10.3390/children9121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease common in children and young adults. Uveitis is the most frequent serious extra-articular JIA manifestation and can lead to severe ocular complications, vision loss, and permanent blindness. This study aims to evaluate the psychological condition and the quality of life of children affected by JIA associated with uveitis (JIA-U) and the repercussion of this condition on parents. Thirty children and adolescents with active uveitis (Uveitis group) and comorbid joint symptoms of JIA were referred to the Unit of Ophthalmology, Giovanni XXIII Hospital of Bari, and 30 age-matched healthy controls (Healthy group) were enrolled with their parents. Four questionnaires were administered: Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Parent Stress Index in Short Form (PSI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). The data were collected from February 2021 to December 2021. No significant differences between the two groups in CBCL, PSI, or CISS tests were shown (p > 0.05). Conversely, significant differences between the two groups were observed in the PedsQL (p < 0.05). This study shows how several ocular complications, recurrent eye examinations, and the rigor of long-term treatment may negatively influence health-related quality of life in children with JIA-U.
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Muschol N, Giugliani R, Jones SA, Muenzer J, Smith NJC, Whitley CB, Donnell M, Drake E, Elvidge K, Melton L, O'Neill C. Sanfilippo syndrome: consensus guidelines for clinical care. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:391. [PMID: 36303195 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome is a group of rare, complex, and progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders that is characterized by childhood dementia. The clinical management of patients with progressive neurological decline and multisystem involvement requires a multidisciplinary team with experience in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. Best practice guidelines for the clinical management of patients with these types of rare disorders are critical to ensure prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate care. However, there are no published standard global clinical care guidelines for patients with Sanfilippo syndrome. To address this, a literature review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence base and to identify evidence gaps. The findings were reviewed by an international steering committee composed of clinical experts with extensive experience in managing patients with Sanfilippo syndrome. The goal was to create a consensus set of basic clinical guidelines that will be accessible to and informed by clinicians globally, as well as providing a practical resource for families to share with their local care team who may not have experience with this rare disease. This review distills 178 guideline statements into an easily digestible document that provides evidence-based, expert-led recommendations for how to approach common management challenges and appropriate monitoring schedules in the care of patients with Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Muschol
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- DASA, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Casa dos Raros, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph Muenzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J C Smith
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women's and Children's Health Network and the Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Megan Donnell
- Sanfilippo Children's Foundation, Freshwater, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise Drake
- Cure Sanfilippo Foundation, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Lisa Melton
- Sanfilippo Children's Foundation, Freshwater, NSW, Australia
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Conijn T, De Roos C, Vreugdenhil HJI, Van Dijk-Lokkart EM, Wijburg FA, Haverman L. Effectiveness of time-limited eye movement desensitization reprocessing therapy for parents of children with a rare life-limiting illness: a randomized clinical trial. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:328. [PMID: 36056362 PMCID: PMC9437394 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents of children with a rare progressive life-limiting illness are at risk for parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies on the treatment of parental PTSD with eye movement and desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in pediatric practice are lacking. Therefore this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of time-limited EMDR therapy in reducing PTSD symptoms, comorbid psychological symptoms, distress, and parental stress. Methods Mono-center randomized clinical trial conducted between February 2020 and April 2021. Fourteen parents (N = 7 mothers, N = 7 fathers) of mucopolysaccharidosis type III patients reporting PTSD symptoms on a (sub)clinical level were assigned to EMDR or a wait-list control condition followed by EMDR. Four sessions of EMDR (each 90 min) divided over two half-days were offered. Measurements were conducted at baseline, post-treatment/post-waitlist, and 3-months post-treatment. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Check List for DSM-5). Secondary outcomes included comorbid psychological symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory), distress (Distress Thermometer for Parents) and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Questionnaire). Between-group comparisons pre-to-post treatment (N = 7 EMDR vs. N = 7 wait-list) and within-group comparisons (EMDR, N = 14) from pre-to-post treatment and from pre-treatment to 3-months follow-up were carried out per intent-to-treat linear mixed model analyses. Results Compared to wait-list, EMDR resulted in a significant reduction on total PTSD symptom severity (d = 1.78) and on comorbid psychological symptoms, distress and parenting stress (d = .63–1.83). Within-group comparisons showed a significant effect on all outcomes at post-treatment (d = 1.04–2.21) and at 3-months follow-up (d = .96–2.30) compared to baseline. EMDR was well-tolerated, associated with a low drop-out rate, a high therapy adherence and no adverse events. Conclusion Time-limited EMDR reduces PTSD symptoms, psychological comorbidity, distress and parenting stress in parents of children with a rare progressive life-limiting illness. This treatment was feasible for these overburdened parents. Recurrent monitoring of PTSD symptoms, and, if needed, offering this time-limited type of trauma treatment should be introduced in everyday pediatric practice. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register, NL8496. Registered 01-04-2020, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL8496. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02500-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Conijn
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C De Roos
- Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Levvel, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J I Vreugdenhil
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Van Dijk-Lokkart
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F A Wijburg
- Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - L Haverman
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Timko CA, Dennis NJ, Mears C, Rodriguez D, Fitzpatrick KK, Peebles R. Post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of adolescents hospitalized with Anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord 2022; 31:212-224. [PMID: 35938512 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2022.2099604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study was a planned secondary analysis to examine post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of youth hospitalized for medical stabilization due to anorexia nervosa (AN). Questionnaires were administered to 47 parents (34 mothers, 13 fathers; 10 parental dyads) after admission; follow-up occurred at discharge and 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-discharge. PTSS were present in the majority of mothers (55.9%) and fathers (61.5%). PTSS were not associated with illness severity, but were associated with parental report of mood symptoms, avoidance, inflexibility, and symptom accommodation. Parental PTSS may negatively impact the adolescent rate of weight gain post-discharge. As hospitalization of a child for medical management of AN can be a traumatizing experience for parents, astute attention should be paid by medical staff to their needs. More work needs to be done to understand the impact of PTSS on parents of adolescents with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Connor Mears
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Public Health, LaSalle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rebecka Peebles
- Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kern de Castro E, Benicio Beltrão G, Armiliato MJ, Peloso F, Gregianin LJ. Illness perceptions in childhood cancer survivor and caregivers' dyads. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:782-792. [PMID: 35616445 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221095300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Surviving childhood cancer is a difficult experience for children and their caregivers, it can produce long-term emotional distress. Illness perceptions refer to the way people understand the different aspects related to illness from their individual and collective experiences. OBJECTIVE to compare the illness perceptions of adolescent childhood cancer survivors and their caregivers and examine the relationship between illness perception of childhood cancer survivors, their caregivers, and sociodemographic, illness, and treatment variables. Forty-three survivor-caregiver dyads (the mean age of a survivor 17.05 years old; the mean age of caregivers 47.53 years old) participated in the study and answered the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ) and Demographics data. RESULTS Results showed significant differences in the illness perceptions of survivors and caregivers. Caregivers presented more negative cognitive perceptions than survivors (t = -6.701, p < 0.001), especially in the identity dimension (t = -4.327, p < 0.001), and more negative emotional perceptions than survivors (t = -4.132, p < 0.001), both in concern (t = -3.695, p < 0.001) and emotional representation (t = -3.466, p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between survivors' and caregivers' illness perceptions and sociodemographic illness variables. CONCLUSION These findings showed that even though dyads went through cancer together, survivors' and caregivers' perceptions of childhood cancer are different, indicating the need to better understand how children growing up with a chronic disease develop such illness perceptions and their experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Kern de Castro
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Júlia Armiliato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Franciele Peloso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil
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Cesa KT, Cunningham CA, Noll RB, Kim SC. Parental Distress in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Associations With Time From Diagnosis, Disease Activity, and Demographic Factors. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2022; 4:otac019. [PMID: 35783219 PMCID: PMC9237933 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited studies examining caregiver distress when raising a child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of symptoms of distress (anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among parents with children with IBD and associations with disease severity, time from diagnosis, and demographic factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with parents of children (2-17 years) diagnosed with IBD. There were 2 cohorts: (1) recently diagnosed cohort (<6 months from diagnosis); (2) established diagnosis cohort (>1 year from diagnosis). Parents completed measures of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, while children completed surveys on the symptoms of their IBD. Results Fifty-two parents in the recently diagnosed cohort and 103 parents in the established diagnosis cohort completed surveys. For the entire cohort of parents, we found the mean scores on all measures of distress were within the normal ranges with 20%, 13%, and 8% of parents reporting moderate-to-severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were not significantly associated with time from diagnosis; symptoms of anxiety and PTSD were significantly associated with patients' IBD clinical activity. Conclusions Parents with children with IBD are remarkably resilient to distress even soon after their child's diagnosis. Despite considerable resilience, routine brief caregiver screening for symptoms of anxiety during annual visits seems reasonable and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Cesa
- Address correspondence to: Kevin T. Cesa, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA ()
| | - Catherine A Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert B Noll
- Department of Child Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra C Kim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Schneider LM, Wong JJ, Adams R, Bates B, Chen S, Ceresnak SR, Danovsky M, Hanisch D, Motonaga KS, Restrepo M, Shaw RJ, Sears SF, Trela A, Dubin AM, Hood KK. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in pediatric Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator patients and their parents. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:1524-1529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Bakula DM, Junger KW, Guilfoyle SM, Mara CA, Modi AC. Key Predictors of the Need for a Family-Focused Pediatric Epilepsy Adherence Intervention. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2120-2129. [PMID: 35596620 PMCID: PMC9546343 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonadherence to anti-seizure drugs (ASMs) is a significant problem in pediatric epilepsy and is linked to increased morbidity, mortality, clinically unnecessary medication changes, and increased healthcare costs. Family interventions can improve adherence. However, it is challenging to know which families will struggle with nonadherence and require intervention. This study aims to identify specific parent, family, child, and medical factors that predict which families most need family-based adherence interventions. METHODS Families enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of a family-based adherence intervention completed measures assessing parent, family, child, and medical factors. Families also used an electronic adherence monitor. Adherence >95% was considered high adherence (not requiring intervention) and <95% was considered suboptimal adherence (requiring intervention). We conducted a stepwise logistic regression to assess demographic, medical, child, family, and parent predictors of membership to the suboptimal adherence group. RESULTS Of the 200 families of children with new-onset epilepsy who enrolled, 177 families completed the study. Of these families, 121 (68%) were in the high adherence group and 56 (32%) were in the suboptimal adherence group. Families with lower SES, children of color, lower general family functioning, and more parent distress were more likely to be in the suboptimal adherence group. SIGNIFICANCE We identified that parent and family factors, as well as sociodemographic characteristics predicted membership in the suboptimal adherence group. It is critical to find creative and practical solutions to assessing and intervening upon key adherence predictors. These may include streamlined screening for parental distress and family functioning, as well as recognition that families of lower SES and communities of color may be at heightened risk for suboptimal adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Bakula
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City
| | - Katherine W Junger
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Shanna M Guilfoyle
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Constance A Mara
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Avani C Modi
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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13
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Akdağ B, Önder A, Gizli Çoban Ö, Kocacık Uygun DF, Sürer Adanır A, Erdem A, Çelik E, Soğucak ZE, Bingöl A. Psychological State of Parents of Children with Primary Immunodeficiencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2022; 35:12-18. [PMID: 35180363 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has affected humanity not only physically but also mentally. It was expected to have impact on high-risk groups such as the immunocompromised patients and parents/caregivers of them. Our study was aimed to investigate the COVID-19 related anxiety, post-traumatic stress levels, and sleep-related parameters of the parents of children with primary immunodeficiency. Methods: Parents of children with primary immunodeficiency and age and gender-matched control group completed questionnaires. Results: Anxiety and post-traumatic stress levels of the study group were found to be significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, sleep time of the study group was significantly lower than the control group. The subjective sleep quality of the study group was also lower in the study group, but the difference did not reach a significant level. Conclusions: In the ongoing and other possible pandemic processes, professional support for the parents of these children is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Akdağ
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Arif Önder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özge Gizli Çoban
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Aslı Sürer Adanır
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aybike Erdem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Enes Çelik
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Ece Soğucak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Izmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Bingöl
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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14
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Yang Y, He X, Chen J, Tan X, Meng J, Cai R, Liang L, Shi L. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Chinese children with ongoing cancer treatment and their parents: Are they elevated relative to healthy comparisons? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13554. [PMID: 35129840 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to compare posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) between families of children on cancer treatment and families of healthy children in China and to analyse the association among child PTSS, parent PTSS, and depression in the cancer group. METHODS Participants were children on cancer treatment (n = 91) and their parents (n = 91), and healthy children (n = 114) and their parents (n = 96). The children were asked to self-report PTSS, and the parents completed self-reported measures of PTSS and depression. RESULTS Although the prevalence of probable PTSD in children on cancer treatment was higher than that in comparisons (8.79% vs. 0.88%, P < 0.01), no statistic differences in PTSS levels were found between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, significant differences in PTSS levels and the prevalence of severe PTSS (21.98% vs. 1.04%) between parents of children with cancer and comparisons were observed (P < 0.001). Parent PTSS and depression were positively associated with child PTSS in the cancer group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of probable PTSD in Chinese children with cancer was low, but PTSS was remarkably prevalent in their parents. Greater parent PTSS and depression were related to greater child PTSS. Results underline the importance to provide supportive psychological care for Chinese parents of children undergoing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlu Chen
- PICU, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Tan
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Cai
- Department Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichan Liang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Jeong K, Kim J, Chang HY, Song TW, Kim JH, Shin M, Min TK, Choi SH, Lee YJ, Kim KW, Kim WK, Jeon YH, Yum HY, Ahn K, Lee S, Ahn YM, Jang GC. Maternal Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Psychological Burden in Mothers of Korean Children With Anaphylaxis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:742-751. [DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunguk Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Won Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Meeyong Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Taek Ki Min
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Hoon Jeon
- Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Hye Yung Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jangs Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Cheon Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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16
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Burgess A, Wilcoxon L, Rushworth I, Meiser‐Stedman R. Meta-analysis found high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated risk factors in parents following paediatric medical events. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:3227-3236. [PMID: 34534369 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This meta-analysis identified how prevalent parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was after their children's medical events and evaluated the risk factors that increased the likelihood of PTSD. METHODS The MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PTSDpubs databases were searched for papers published in English from 1980 to June 2018. The prevalence of parental PTSD was pooled across the studies and risk factors were extracted whether PTSD symptoms were correlated with other research variables or when the authors had conducted between group analyses of PTSD. We also explored the effects of the assessment method, parental gender and medical events and the risk of bias. RESULTS The 54 studies that were identified had a pooled PTSD prevalence rate of 30.3% (95% confidence interval 25.3%-35.5%). Childhood cancer cases yielded the highest rates of parental PTSD. A total of 33 potential risk factors were identified. The risk factors with medium to large effects were: comorbid parental psychological responses and functioning, acute stress responses, child behavioural functioning, uncertainty about the child's illness and negative coping strategies. The findings are discussed within the context of high heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of parental PTSD after paediatric medical events was relatively high, and 33 risk factors were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Burgess
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies Norwich Medical School University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Lucy Wilcoxon
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies Norwich Medical School University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Imogen Rushworth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies Norwich Medical School University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Richard Meiser‐Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies Norwich Medical School University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
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17
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Roberts K, Meiser-Stedman R, Brightwell A, Young J. Parental Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Pediatric Food Allergy. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:688-697. [PMID: 33704484 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore anxiety, worry, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of children with food allergies, and to evaluate whether these three psychological outcomes could be predicted by allergy severity, intolerance of uncertainty, and food allergy self-efficacy. METHODS Participants were 105 parents who reported their children to have medically diagnosed food allergies. Participants were recruited to a study on parent wellbeing through an allergy clinic and social media advertisements. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing anxiety, worry, PTSS, intolerance of uncertainty, food allergy self-efficacy, and demographic and allergy information. RESULTS In this sample, 81.0% of parents reported clinically significant worry, 42.3% met the clinical cut-off for PTSS, and 39.1% reported moderate-extremely severe anxiety. Greater intolerance of uncertainty and lower food allergy self-efficacy were associated with poorer psychological outcomes, with mixed results for allergy severity. However, intolerance of uncertainty was the only variable to consistently account for unique variance within regression models. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for greater awareness of mental health in parents of children with food allergy. The study also indicates that factors impacting on parents' perception of threat may be most strongly predictive of psychological outcomes, warranting further research. Finally, the study indicates that intolerance of uncertainty may be a promising target for psychological interventions within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Roberts
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust.,Community Paediatrics, Oak Tree Centre, Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
| | - Alex Brightwell
- Jenny Lind Children's Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Judith Young
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia.,Psychological Medicine Services for Children, Young People and Families, Children's Services Box 267, Addenbrooke's Cambridge University Hospital Trust
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18
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Conijn T, Haverman L, Wijburg FA, De Roos C. Reducing posttraumatic stress in parents of patients with a rare inherited metabolic disorder using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy: a case study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:126. [PMID: 33691734 PMCID: PMC7948366 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents of children with severe inborn errors of metabolism frequently face stressful events related to the disease of their child and are consequently at high risk for developing parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Assessment and subsequent treatment of PTSD in these parents is however not common in clinical practice. PTSD can be effectively treated by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), however no studies have been conducted yet regarding the effect of EMDR for parental PTSD. EMDR is generally offered in multiple weekly sessions which may preclude participation of parents as they are generally overburdened by the ongoing and often intensive care for their child. Therefore, we offered time-limited EMDR with a maximum of four sessions over two subsequent days to two parents of mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) patients to explore its potential effects. Both qualitative and quantitative outcomes were used to evaluate treatment effects. Both parents felt more resilient and competent to face future difficulties related to the disease of their child, and no adverse effects were reported. Quantitative outcomes showed a clinically significant decrease in post traumatic stress symptoms and comorbid psychological distress from pre- to post treatment, and these beneficial effects were maintained at follow-up. In conclusion, time-limited EMDR may be a highly relevant treatment for traumatized parents of children with MPS III, and probably also for parents of children with other rare progressive disorders. Further research is needed to validate the efficacy of EMDR in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirsa Conijn
- Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, H8-264, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, H8-264, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn De Roos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Corsi M, Orsini A, Pedrinelli V, Santangelo A, Bertelloni CA, Carli N, Buselli R, Peroni D, Striano P, Dell'Osso L, Carmassi C. PTSD in parents of children with severe diseases: a systematic review to face Covid-19 impact. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:8. [PMID: 33446246 PMCID: PMC7807213 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-00957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The literature agrees on the impact of post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of seriously ill children but there is less clarity about the real extent and gender differences of this psychopathological risk. The recent Covid-19 outbreak highlighted new burdens for researchers on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and clear evidence-based knowledge on this issue is timely needed. OBJECTIVE In this review, we present a synthesis of the updated evidence on PTSD rates in parents of children with severe diseases. We also aim to try to understand if research in this field has been refined over time with the long-term intent to better face the new challenges of Covid-19 in the paediatric field. DATA SOURCES The PubMed database was searched. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they assessed PTSD in parents of children diagnosed with physical illnesses. DATA EXTRACTION Of 240 studies, 4 were included. RESULTS Analysis of the 4 studies revealed 2 studies with PTSD rates around 20% and in line with previous best-evidence. All 4 studies tried to provide more data on fathers, however, all the studies present the lack of a control group. LIMITATIONS The limited number of studies, which also differ widely in the methodology used. CONCLUSIONS Methodological errors evidenced in all the 4 studies limit their reliability, making the understanding of the paediatric caregiver's concern regarding PTSD still difficult. More sound research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Corsi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Santangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Antonio Bertelloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Carli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Buselli
- Occupational Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Pinquart M. Meta-Analysis of Anxiety in Parents of Young People with Chronic Health Conditions. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 44:959-969. [PMID: 31220871 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic health conditions are often associated with uncertainty and threats which may cause anxiety in the family members. The present meta-analysis analyzed whether parents of children with chronic physical diseases and/or sensory/physical disabilities show higher anxiety levels than parents of healthy/nondisabled children or test norms. METHODS The databases PSYCINFO, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and PSYNDEX were searched for relevant studies. In total, 486 studies were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS We found moderate elevations of anxiety symptoms in parents of young people with chronic conditions (g = .54 standard deviation units). About 16% of the parents fulfilled the criteria for an anxiety disorder. Parents of young people with neuromuscular disorders, HIV-infection/AIDS, and cancer during active treatment showed large elevations of anxiety symptoms. Elevations of anxiety symptoms were smaller in the cases of longer lasting chronic conditions, longer time since the end of active treatment, in families of older children, in samples with lower percentages of mothers, and in studies from economically developed countries compared to less developed countries. CONCLUSION Measures for preventing and reducing anxiety symptoms in parents of young people with neuromuscular disorders, HIV-infection/AIDS, and those undergoing cancer treatments are particularly needed.
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