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Clark JS, Andrus R, Aubry-Kientz M, Bergeron Y, Bogdziewicz M, Bragg DC, Brockway D, Cleavitt NL, Cohen S, Courbaud B, Daley R, Das AJ, Dietze M, Fahey TJ, Fer I, Franklin JF, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, HilleRisLambers J, Ibanez I, Johnstone J, Kilner CL, Knops J, Koenig WD, Kunstler G, LaMontagne JM, Legg KL, Luongo J, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Messaoud Y, Moore CM, Moran E, Myers JA, Myers OB, Nunez C, Parmenter R, Pearse S, Pearson S, Poulton-Kamakura R, Ready E, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schwantes AM, Shanahan E, Sharma S, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Zhu K, Zlotin R. Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1242. [PMID: 33623042 PMCID: PMC7902660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Clark
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Andrus
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Melaine Aubry-Kientz
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - Yves Bergeron
- grid.265695.bForest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC Canada
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Don C. Bragg
- grid.497399.90000 0001 2106 5338USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR USA
| | - Dale Brockway
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Natalie L. Cleavitt
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNatural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Susan Cohen
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Daley
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Adrian J. Das
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Michael Dietze
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Timothy J. Fahey
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Istem Fer
- grid.8657.c0000 0001 2253 8678Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerry F. Franklin
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Cathryn H. Greenberg
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, Asheville, NC USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ines Ibanez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jill Johnstone
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Christopher L. Kilner
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Johannes Knops
- grid.440701.60000 0004 1765 4000Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Walter D. Koenig
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Jalene M. LaMontagne
- grid.254920.80000 0001 0707 2013Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kristin L. Legg
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Jordan Luongo
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University Ecology Center, Logan, UT USA
| | - Diana Macias
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - Yassine Messaoud
- grid.265704.20000 0001 0665 6279Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Canada
| | - Christopher M. Moore
- grid.254333.00000 0001 2296 8213Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME USA
| | - Emily Moran
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Orrin B. Myers
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Chase Nunez
- grid.507516.00000 0004 7661 536XDepartment for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Robert Parmenter
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM USA
| | - Sam Pearse
- grid.2865.90000000121546924Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Scott Pearson
- grid.435676.50000 0000 8528 5973Department of Natural Sciences, Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC USA
| | - Renata Poulton-Kamakura
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ethan Ready
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Miranda D. Redmond
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Chantal D. Reid
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kyle C. Rodman
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - C. Lane Scher
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda M. Schwantes
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Erin Shanahan
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Michael A. Steele
- grid.268256.d0000 0000 8510 1943Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA USA
| | - Nathan L. Stephenson
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Samantha Sutton
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jennifer J. Swenson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Thomas T. Veblen
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Amy V. Whipple
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Andreas P. Wion
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XGeography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN USA
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Kellner KF, Swihart RK. Simulation of oak early life history and interactions with disturbance via an individual-based model, SOEL. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28632773 PMCID: PMC5478140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early tree life history and demography are driven by interactions with the environment such as seed predation, herbivory, light availability, and drought. For oak (Quercus) in the eastern United States, these interactions may contribute to oak regeneration failure. Numerous studies have examined the impact of individual factors (like seed predation) on the oak regeneration process, but less information is available on the relative and combined impacts of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors on early oak life history. We developed an individual-based, spatially explicit model to Simulate Oak Early Life history (SOEL). The model connects acorn survival, acorn dispersal, germination, seedling growth, and seedling survival submodels based on empirical data with an existing gap model (JABOWA). Using SOEL, we assessed the sensitivity of several metrics of oak regeneration to different parameters associated with early oak life history. We also applied the model in three individual case studies to assess: (1) how variable acorn production interacts with timing of timber harvest; (2) the effect of shelterwood harvest-induced differences on seed predation; and (3) the consequences of interactions between drought, seedling growth and survival, and timber harvest. We found that oak regeneration metrics including percent emergence, seedling density, and sapling density were most sensitive to the amount of acorn production, acorn caching probability by scatterhoarders, and seedling growth rates. In the case studies, we found that timing harvest to follow large acorn crops can increase the density of oak regeneration in the short term following harvest, at least under some conditions. Following midstory removal, lower weevil infestation probability and lower post-dispersal acorn survival resulted in a modest decline in seedling density, but the decline did not persist to the sapling life stage class. Drought frequency had a powerful negative impact on both growth and survival for individual seedlings, which resulted in large reductions in both seedling and sapling density. The case studies presented here represent only a few examples of what could be accomplished within the SOEL modeling framework. Further studies could focus on different early life history parameters, or connect the parameter values to different predictor variables based on field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F. Kellner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert K. Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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Abella SR, Schetter TA, Menard KS, Ziegler ED, Sprow LA, Gallaher T, Jaeger JF, Walters TL. Conserving Large Oaks and Recruitment Potential while Restoring Midwestern Savanna and Woodland. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-177.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Abella
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4004 and Natural Resource Conservation LLC, 1400 Colorado Street, Boulder City, Nevada 89005
| | | | - Karen S. Menard
- Metroparks of the Toledo Area, 5100 West Central Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43615
| | - Emily D. Ziegler
- Metroparks of the Toledo Area, 5100 West Central Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43615
| | - Larae A. Sprow
- Metroparks of the Toledo Area, 5100 West Central Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43615
| | - Timothy Gallaher
- Metroparks of the Toledo Area, 5100 West Central Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43615
| | - John F. Jaeger
- Arc of Appalachia Preserve System, 7660 Cave Road, Bainbridge, Ohio 45612
| | - Timothy L. Walters
- EnviroScience, Inc., Northwest Ohio Field Office, 6027 County Road 1, Swanton, Ohio 43558
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