1
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Chin ARO, Guzmán-Delgado P, Görlich A, HilleRisLambers J. Towards multivariate functional trait syndromes: Predicting foliar water uptake in trees. Ecology 2023; 104:e4112. [PMID: 37252804 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of functional traits is a cornerstone of ecology, yet individual traits seldom explain useful amounts of variation in species distribution or climatic tolerance, and their functional significance is rarely validated experimentally. Multivariate suites of interacting traits could build an understanding of ecological processes and improve our ability to make sound predictions of species success in our rapidly changing world. We use foliar water uptake capacity as a case study because it is increasingly considered to be a key functional trait in plant ecology due to its importance for stress-tolerance physiology. However, the traits behind the trait, that is, the features of leaves that determine variation in foliar water uptake rates, have not been assembled into a widely applicable framework for uptake prediction. Focusing on trees, we investigated relationships among 25 structural traits, leaf osmotic potential (a source of free energy to draw water into leaves), and foliar water uptake in 10 diverse angiosperm and conifer species. We identified consistent, multitrait "uptake syndromes" for both angiosperm and conifer trees, with differences in key traits revealing suspected differences in the water entry route between these two clades and an evolutionarily significant divergence in the function of homologous structures. A literature review of uptake-associated functional traits, which largely documents similar univariate relationships, provides additional support for our proposed "uptake syndrome." Importantly, more than half of shared traits had opposite-direction influences on the capacity of leaves to absorb water in angiosperms and conifers. Taxonomically targeted multivariate trait syndromes provide a useful tool for trait selection in ecological research, while highlighting the importance of micro-traits and the physiological verification of their function for advancing trait-based ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana R O Chin
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Guzmán-Delgado
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anna Görlich
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Raymundo M, Pastore A, HilleRisLambers J, Mayfield MM. Annual rainfall variation and dispersal limitation combine to alter invaded plant community diversity, dominance hierarchies and seeding phenology. Climate Change Ecology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Clark JS, Andrus R, Aubry-Kientz M, Bergeron Y, Bogdziewicz M, Bragg DC, Brockway D, Cleavitt NL, Cohen S, Courbaud B, Daley R, Das AJ, Dietze M, Fahey TJ, Fer I, Franklin JF, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, HilleRisLambers J, Ibanez I, Johnstone J, Kilner CL, Knops J, Koenig WD, Kunstler G, LaMontagne JM, Legg KL, Luongo J, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Messaoud Y, Moore CM, Moran E, Myers JA, Myers OB, Nunez C, Parmenter R, Pearse S, Pearson S, Poulton-Kamakura R, Ready E, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schwantes AM, Shanahan E, Sharma S, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Zhu K, Zlotin R. Author Correction: Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1664. [PMID: 33686080 PMCID: PMC7940415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22025-2
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France.
| | - Robert Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Yves Bergeron
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Don C Bragg
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR, USA
| | - Dale Brockway
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Susan Cohen
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Robert Daley
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Adrian J Das
- USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Michael Dietze
- Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Istem Fer
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Qinfeng Guo
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Ines Ibanez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jill Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Johannes Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Walter D Koenig
- Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA, USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | | | - Kristin L Legg
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jordan Luongo
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University Ecology Center, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Diana Macias
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Yassine Messaoud
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Emily Moran
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chase Nunez
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Robert Parmenter
- Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM, USA
| | - Sam Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott Pearson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Ethan Ready
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Chantal D Reid
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyle C Rodman
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - C Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Amanda M Schwantes
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Shanahan
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Samantha Sutton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas T Veblen
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Amy V Whipple
- Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Andreas P Wion
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- Geography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN, USA
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4
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Clark JS, Andrus R, Aubry-Kientz M, Bergeron Y, Bogdziewicz M, Bragg DC, Brockway D, Cleavitt NL, Cohen S, Courbaud B, Daley R, Das AJ, Dietze M, Fahey TJ, Fer I, Franklin JF, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, HilleRisLambers J, Ibanez I, Johnstone J, Kilner CL, Knops J, Koenig WD, Kunstler G, LaMontagne JM, Legg KL, Luongo J, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Messaoud Y, Moore CM, Moran E, Myers JA, Myers OB, Nunez C, Parmenter R, Pearse S, Pearson S, Poulton-Kamakura R, Ready E, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schwantes AM, Shanahan E, Sharma S, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Zhu K, Zlotin R. Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1242. [PMID: 33623042 PMCID: PMC7902660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Clark
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Andrus
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Melaine Aubry-Kientz
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - Yves Bergeron
- grid.265695.bForest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC Canada
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Don C. Bragg
- grid.497399.90000 0001 2106 5338USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR USA
| | - Dale Brockway
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Natalie L. Cleavitt
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNatural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Susan Cohen
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Daley
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Adrian J. Das
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Michael Dietze
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Timothy J. Fahey
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Istem Fer
- grid.8657.c0000 0001 2253 8678Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerry F. Franklin
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Cathryn H. Greenberg
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, Asheville, NC USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ines Ibanez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jill Johnstone
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Christopher L. Kilner
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Johannes Knops
- grid.440701.60000 0004 1765 4000Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Walter D. Koenig
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Jalene M. LaMontagne
- grid.254920.80000 0001 0707 2013Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kristin L. Legg
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Jordan Luongo
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University Ecology Center, Logan, UT USA
| | - Diana Macias
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - Yassine Messaoud
- grid.265704.20000 0001 0665 6279Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Canada
| | - Christopher M. Moore
- grid.254333.00000 0001 2296 8213Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME USA
| | - Emily Moran
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Orrin B. Myers
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Chase Nunez
- grid.507516.00000 0004 7661 536XDepartment for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Robert Parmenter
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM USA
| | - Sam Pearse
- grid.2865.90000000121546924Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Scott Pearson
- grid.435676.50000 0000 8528 5973Department of Natural Sciences, Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC USA
| | - Renata Poulton-Kamakura
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ethan Ready
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Miranda D. Redmond
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Chantal D. Reid
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kyle C. Rodman
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - C. Lane Scher
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda M. Schwantes
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Erin Shanahan
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Michael A. Steele
- grid.268256.d0000 0000 8510 1943Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA USA
| | - Nathan L. Stephenson
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Samantha Sutton
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jennifer J. Swenson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Thomas T. Veblen
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Amy V. Whipple
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Andreas P. Wion
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XGeography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN USA
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5
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Anderegg LDL, Loy X, Markham IP, Elmer CM, Hovenden MJ, HilleRisLambers J, Mayfield MM. Aridity drives coordinated trait shifts but not decreased trait variance across the geographic range of eight Australian trees. New Phytol 2021; 229:1375-1387. [PMID: 32638379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large intraspecific functional trait variation strongly impacts many aspects of communities and ecosystems, and is the medium upon which evolution works. Yet intraspecific trait variation is inconsistent and hard to predict across traits, species and locations. We measured within-species variation in leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), branch wood density (WD), and allocation to stem area vs leaf area in branches (branch Huber value (HV)) across the aridity range of seven Australian eucalypts and a co-occurring Acacia species to explore how traits and their variances change with aridity. Within species, we found consistent increases in LMA, LDMC and WD and HV with increasing aridity, resulting in consistent trait coordination across leaves and branches. However, this coordination only emerged across sites with large climate differences. Unlike trait means, patterns of trait variance with aridity were mixed across populations and species. Only LDMC showed constrained trait variation in more xeric species and drier populations that could indicate limits to plasticity or heritable trait variation. Our results highlight that climate can drive consistent within-species trait patterns, but that patterns might often be obscured by the complex nature of morphological traits, sampling incomplete species ranges or sampling confounded stress gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xingwen Loy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Christina M Elmer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark J Hovenden
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | | | - Margaret M Mayfield
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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6
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Manzanedo RD, HilleRisLambers J, Rademacher TT, Pederson N. Evidence of unprecedented rise in growth synchrony from global tree ring records. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1622-1629. [PMID: 33106604 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the temporal coherence between populations, which can influence their stability, resilience and persistence, remain a critical uncertainty of climate change. Recent studies have documented increasing spatial synchrony between populations at continental scales and linked it to anthropogenic climate change. However, the lack of long-term and global baseline perspectives on spatial synchrony presents a challenge to understanding the importance of these trends. Here, we show a steady rise in the spatial synchrony of annual tree growth from a global tree ring database over the past 50 years that is consistent across continents, species and environmental conditions and is unprecedented for the past millennium. Increasing growth synchrony coincided with warming trends and potentially rising synchrony in the temperature records. We discuss the potential driving mechanisms and the limitations in the interpretation of this trend, and we propose that increasing mutual dependency on external factors (also known as Moran's effect) linked to rising global temperatures is the most likely driver of more homogeneous global growth dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Delgado Manzanedo
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA.
| | | | - Tim Tito Rademacher
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Informatics and Cyber Security, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
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7
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Beckman NG, Aslan CE, Rogers HS, Kogan O, Bronstein JL, Bullock JM, Hartig F, HilleRisLambers J, Zhou Y, Zurell D, Brodie JF, Bruna EM, Cantrell RS, Decker RR, Efiom E, Fricke EC, Gurski K, Hastings A, Johnson JS, Loiselle BA, Miriti MN, Neubert MG, Pejchar L, Poulsen JR, Pufal G, Razafindratsima OH, Sandor ME, Shea K, Schreiber S, Schupp EW, Snell RS, Strickland C, Zambrano J. Advancing an interdisciplinary framework to study seed dispersal ecology. AoB Plants 2020; 12:plz048. [PMID: 32346468 PMCID: PMC7179845 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although dispersal is generally viewed as a crucial determinant for the fitness of any organism, our understanding of its role in the persistence and spread of plant populations remains incomplete. Generalizing and predicting dispersal processes are challenging due to context dependence of seed dispersal, environmental heterogeneity and interdependent processes occurring over multiple spatial and temporal scales. Current population models often use simple phenomenological descriptions of dispersal processes, limiting their ability to examine the role of population persistence and spread, especially under global change. To move seed dispersal ecology forward, we need to evaluate the impact of any single seed dispersal event within the full spatial and temporal context of a plant's life history and environmental variability that ultimately influences a population's ability to persist and spread. In this perspective, we provide guidance on integrating empirical and theoretical approaches that account for the context dependency of seed dispersal to improve our ability to generalize and predict the consequences of dispersal, and its anthropogenic alteration, across systems. We synthesize suitable theoretical frameworks for this work and discuss concepts, approaches and available data from diverse subdisciplines to help operationalize concepts, highlight recent breakthroughs across research areas and discuss ongoing challenges and open questions. We address knowledge gaps in the movement ecology of seeds and the integration of dispersal and demography that could benefit from such a synthesis. With an interdisciplinary perspective, we will be able to better understand how global change will impact seed dispersal processes, and potential cascading effects on plant population persistence, spread and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle G Beckman
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Clare E Aslan
- Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Haldre S Rogers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Oleg Kogan
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James M Bullock
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, UK
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Dept. Land Change Science, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Geography Dept., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation & Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Robin R Decker
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edu Efiom
- REDD+ Unit, Cross River State Forestry Commission, Calabar, Nigeria
- Biology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evan C Fricke
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Gurski
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Jeremy S Johnson
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bette A Loiselle
- Center for Latin American Studies and Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria N Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael G Neubert
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Liba Pejchar
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Natur Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Manette E Sandor
- Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Katriona Shea
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eugene W Schupp
- Department of Wildland Resources & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca S Snell
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Jenny Zambrano
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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8
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Shoemaker LG, Sullivan LL, Donohue I, Cabral JS, Williams RJ, Mayfield MM, Chase JM, Chu C, Harpole WS, Huth A, HilleRisLambers J, James ARM, Kraft NJB, May F, Muthukrishnan R, Satterlee S, Taubert F, Wang X, Wiegand T, Yang Q, Abbott KC. Integrating the underlying structure of stochasticity into community ecology. Ecology 2020; 101:e02922. [PMID: 31652337 PMCID: PMC7027466 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stochasticity is a core component of ecology, as it underlies key processes that structure and create variability in nature. Despite its fundamental importance in ecological systems, the concept is often treated as synonymous with unpredictability in community ecology, and studies tend to focus on single forms of stochasticity rather than taking a more holistic view. This has led to multiple narratives for how stochasticity mediates community dynamics. Here, we present a framework that describes how different forms of stochasticity (notably demographic and environmental stochasticity) combine to provide underlying and predictable structure in diverse communities. This framework builds on the deep ecological understanding of stochastic processes acting at individual and population levels and in modules of a few interacting species. We support our framework with a mathematical model that we use to synthesize key literature, demonstrating that stochasticity is more than simple uncertainty. Rather, stochasticity has profound and predictable effects on community dynamics that are critical for understanding how diversity is maintained. We propose next steps that ecologists might use to explore the role of stochasticity for structuring communities in theoretical and empirical systems, and thereby enhance our understanding of community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Shoemaker
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wyoming1000 E. University Ave.LaramieWyoming82017USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota1987 Upper Buford CircleSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado1900 Pleasant StreetBoulderColorado80309USA
| | - Lauren L. Sullivan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota1987 Upper Buford CircleSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of Missouri105 Tucker HallColumbiaMissouri65211USA
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesTrinity CollegeCollege Green Dublin 2Ireland
| | - Juliano S. Cabral
- Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (sDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center of Computation and Theoretical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 3297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ryan J. Williams
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of Missouri105 Tucker HallColumbiaMissouri65211USA
| | - Margaret M. Mayfield
- The University of QueenslandSchool of Biological SciencesGoddard BuildingBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Institute for Computer ScienceMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle06099Germany
| | - Chengjin Chu
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen University510275GuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - W. Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research–UFZPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Andreas Huth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research–UFZPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Research SystemsUniversity of OsnabrückP.O. Box 44 69,49069OsnabrückGermany
| | | | - Aubrie R. M. James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityE145 Corson HallIthacaNew York14853USA
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los Angeles621 Charles E. Young Drive East, P.O. Box 957246Los AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Felix May
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Institute for Computer ScienceMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle06099Germany
- Center for MethodologyLeuphana University LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1D‐21335LüneburgGermany
| | - Ranjan Muthukrishnan
- Environmental Resilience InstituteIndiana University717 E 8th StBloomingtonIndiana 47408USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Minnesota2003 Upper Buford CircleSt. PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Sean Satterlee
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State University251 Bessey HallAmesIowa50011USA
| | - Franziska Taubert
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research–UFZPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research–UFZPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesTrinity CollegeCollege Green Dublin 2Ireland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078464KonstanzGermany
| | - Karen C. Abbott
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH44106USA
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9
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Ford KR, HilleRisLambers J. Soil alters seedling establishment responses to climate. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:140-148. [PMID: 31663682 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists expect species and biomes to shift poleward and upward with climate change, but non-climatic factors complicate these predictions. In mountains, forests are expected to expand upward along climate gradients into subalpine/alpine meadows, while meadows expand upward onto bare ground. However, soils also vary across elevation, with bare soil above the meadows potentially poorer for plant establishment. Poor soil might constrain expansion at meadows' upper edges, while rich meadow soil might facilitate contraction at lower edges by promoting tree establishment. We assessed climate and soil effects on establishment by transplanting soil and seedlings of meadow and tree species across climate gradients on Mount Rainier. There were considerable interspecific differences, but some generalisations emerged. Survival often declined with earlier snow disappearance, with somewhat smaller declines in meadow soil. Size often increased with earlier snow disappearance, with larger increases in meadow soil. Thus, soil patterns may complicate range shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Ford
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, PO Box 351800, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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10
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Aslan C, Beckman NG, Rogers HS, Bronstein J, Zurell D, Hartig F, Shea K, Pejchar L, Neubert M, Poulsen J, HilleRisLambers J, Miriti M, Loiselle B, Effiom E, Zambrano J, Schupp G, Pufal G, Johnson J, Bullock JM, Brodie J, Bruna E, Cantrell RS, Decker R, Fricke E, Gurski K, Hastings A, Kogan O, Razafindratsima O, Sandor M, Schreiber S, Snell R, Strickland C, Zhou Y. Employing plant functional groups to advance seed dispersal ecology and conservation. AoB Plants 2019; 11:plz006. [PMID: 30895154 PMCID: PMC6420810 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed dispersal enables plants to reach hospitable germination sites and escape natural enemies. Understanding when and how much seed dispersal matters to plant fitness is critical for understanding plant population and community dynamics. At the same time, the complexity of factors that determine if a seed will be successfully dispersed and subsequently develop into a reproductive plant is daunting. Quantifying all factors that may influence seed dispersal effectiveness for any potential seed-vector relationship would require an unrealistically large amount of time, materials and financial resources. On the other hand, being able to make dispersal predictions is critical for predicting whether single species and entire ecosystems will be resilient to global change. Building on current frameworks, we here posit that seed dispersal ecology should adopt plant functional groups as analytical units to reduce this complexity to manageable levels. Functional groups can be used to distinguish, for their constituent species, whether it matters (i) if seeds are dispersed, (ii) into what context they are dispersed and (iii) what vectors disperse them. To avoid overgeneralization, we propose that the utility of these functional groups may be assessed by generating predictions based on the groups and then testing those predictions against species-specific data. We suggest that data collection and analysis can then be guided by robust functional group definitions. Generalizing across similar species in this way could help us to better understand the population and community dynamics of plants and tackle the complexity of seed dispersal as well as its disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Aslan
- Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | | | - Haldre S Rogers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Judie Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Dynamic Macroecology, Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hartig
- Faculty of Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katriona Shea
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Liba Pejchar
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mike Neubert
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - John Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | - Maria Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bette Loiselle
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edu Effiom
- CRS Forestry Commission, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Jenny Zambrano
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, 1 Park Place, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Geno Schupp
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Naturschutz & Landschaftsökologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Jedediah Brodie
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Emilio Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Evan Fricke
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Katie Gurski
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Oleg Kogan
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Manette Sandor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Snell
- Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
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11
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Ellwood ER, Primack RB, Willis CG, HilleRisLambers J. Phenology models using herbarium specimens are only slightly improved by using finer-scale stages of reproduction. Appl Plant Sci 2019; 7:e01225. [PMID: 30937218 PMCID: PMC6426165 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Herbarium specimens are increasingly used to study reproductive phenology. Here, we ask whether classifying reproduction into progressively finer-scale stages improves our understanding of the relationship between climate and reproductive phenology. METHODS We evaluated Acer rubrum herbarium specimens across eastern North America, classifying them into eight reproductive phenophases and four stages of leaf development. We fit models with different reproductive phenology categorization schemes (from detailed to broad) and compared model fits and coefficients describing temperature, elevation, and year effects. We fit similar models to leaf phenology data to compare reproductive to leafing phenology. RESULTS Finer-scale reproductive phenophases improved model fits and provided more precise estimates of reproductive phenology. However, models with fewer reproductive phenophases led to similar qualitative conclusions, demonstrating that A. rubrum reproduces earlier in warmer locations, lower elevations, and in recent years, as well as that leafing phenology is less strongly influenced by temperature than is reproductive phenology. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that detailed information on reproductive phenology provides a fuller understanding of potential climate change effects on flowering, fruiting, and leaf-out. However, classification schemes with fewer reproductive phenophases provided many similar insights and may be preferable in cases where resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Ellwood
- La Brea Tar Pits and MuseumNatural History Museum of Los Angeles County5801 Wilshire BoulevardLos AngelesCalifornia90036USA
| | - Richard B. Primack
- Biology DepartmentBoston University5 Cummington MallBostonMassachusetts02215USA
| | - Charles G. Willis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts02138USA
- Department of Biology Teaching and LearningUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota55455USA
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12
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Anderegg LDL, HilleRisLambers J. Local range boundaries vs. large-scale trade-offs: climatic and competitive constraints on tree growth. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:787-796. [PMID: 30793454 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Species often respond to human-caused climate change by shifting where they occur on the landscape. To anticipate these shifts, we need to understand the forces that determine where species currently occur. We tested whether a long-hypothesised trade-off between climate and competitive constraints explains where tree species grow on mountain slopes. Using tree rings, we reconstructed growth sensitivity to climate and competition in range centre and range margin tree populations in three climatically distinct regions. We found that climate often constrains growth at environmentally harsh elevational range boundaries, and that climatic and competitive constraints trade-off at large spatial scales. However, there was less evidence that competition consistently constrained growth at benign elevational range boundaries; thus, local-scale climate-competition trade-offs were infrequent. Our work underscores the difficulty of predicting local-scale range dynamics, but suggests that the constraints on tree performance at a large-scale (e.g. latitudinal) may be predicted from ecological theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, 4007 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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13
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Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Normand S, Rüger N, Beck PSA, Blach-Overgaard A, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Henry GHR, HilleRisLambers J, Hollister RD, Karger DN, Kattge J, Manning P, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Thomas HJD, Vellend M, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Carbognani M, Hermanutz L, Lévesque E, Molau U, Petraglia A, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Tomaselli M, Vowles T, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Beest MT, Berner L, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Christie K, Cooper EJ, Dullinger S, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Harper KA, Heijmans MMPD, Hudson J, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Johnstone JF, Jørgensen RH, Kaarlejärvi E, Klady R, Kuleza S, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz T, Little CJ, Speed JDM, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Rumpf SB, Semenchuk P, Shetti R, Collier LS, Street LE, Suding KN, Tape KD, Trant A, Treier UA, Tremblay JP, Tremblay M, Venn S, Weijers S, Zamin T, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Gould WA, Hik DS, Hofgaard A, Jónsdóttir IS, Jorgenson J, Klein J, Magnusson B, Tweedie C, Wookey PA, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Cornwell WK, Craine J, Dainese M, de Vries FT, Díaz S, Enquist BJ, Green W, Milla R, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ordoñez JC, Ozinga WA, Penuelas J, Poorter H, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp B, Sheremetev S, Weiher E. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. Nature 2018; 562:57-62. [PMID: 30258229 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Pieter S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Damien Georges
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet S Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tage Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heather D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alba Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agata Buchwal
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Allan Buras
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esther R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Grau
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen A Harper
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Monique M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maitane Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rasmus Halfdan Jørgensen
- Forest and Landscape College, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Nødebo, Denmark
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klady
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Kuleza
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aino Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Trevor Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chelsea J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - James D M Speed
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sigrid Schøler Nielsen
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josep M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ken D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrew Trant
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urs A Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stef Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tara Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William A Gould
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Janet Jorgenson
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Philip A Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Walton Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Milla
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Team Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Evan Weiher
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
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14
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Reynolds VA, Anderegg LDL, Loy X, HilleRisLambers J, Mayfield MM. Unexpected drought resistance strategies in seedlings of four Brachychiton species. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:664-677. [PMID: 29190366 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits associated with drought resistance can be useful for predicting tree responses to a drying climate. Yet drought resistance is likely achieved through a complex combination of constitutive traits (traits expressed even in benign environments) and plastic traits (traits expressed only in response to drought). Because few studies measure multiple traits for multiple species under both well-watered and drought conditions, we often struggle to identify suites of constitutive and plastic traits indicative of drought resistance strategies. Using a greenhouse experiment, we examined nine drought resistance traits (six morphological/allocation traits plus assimilation, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency) in well-watered and water-stressed seedlings of four Brachychiton (Malvaceae Juss.) species with ranges spanning a strong aridity gradient in east-central Australia. In benign conditions, constitutive biomass allocation was consistent with expectations, with xeric species investing more heavily in roots and stem tissue and less in leaf tissue than mesic species (P = 0.004). Under drought conditions, xeric species decreased relative biomass allocation below-ground while mesic species increased relative below-ground allocation (treatment × species interaction P = 0.0015). Relative water content of the stems was slightly higher in xeric species (P = 0.055), and remained stable during drought while decreasing in mesic species (treatment × species P = 0.001). Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) did not fit with expectations under either benign or water-limited conditions. Moreover, stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation were unexpectedly highest and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) lowest in the xeric species in benign conditions. Only under drought did the xeric species manifest higher WUEi than the mesic species (treatment × species P < 0.0001). We found that even closely related species exhibited diverse combinations of drought resistance traits. Notably, traits commonly used as proxies for drought tolerance (e.g., SLA, LDMC, well-watered WUEi) performed more poorly than constitutive allocation traits. This study highlights the need to consider multiple traits and phenotypic plasticity when assessing species' drought resistance for forest management in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Reynolds
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Xingwen Loy
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Emory University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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15
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Anderegg LDL, Berner LT, Badgley G, Sethi ML, Law BE, HilleRisLambers J. Within‐species patterns challenge our understanding of the leaf economics spectrum. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:734-744. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leander D. L. Anderegg
- Department of Biology University of Washington Box 351800 Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science 260 Panama StStanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Logan T. Berner
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 330 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
- School of Informatics, Cumputing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 S. Knoles Drive Flagstaff AZ, 86011 USA
| | - Grayson Badgley
- Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science 260 Panama StStanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Meera L. Sethi
- Department of Biology University of Washington Box 351800 Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Beverly E. Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 330 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
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16
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Theobald EJ, Breckheimer I, HilleRisLambers J. Climate drives phenological reassembly of a mountain wildflower meadow community. Ecology 2017; 98:2799-2812. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elli J. Theobald
- Biology Department University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ian Breckheimer
- Biology Department University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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17
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Baird AS, Anderegg LDL, Lacey ME, HilleRisLambers J, Van Volkenburgh E. Comparative leaf growth strategies in response to low-water and low-light availability: variation in leaf physiology underlies variation in leaf mass per area in Populus tremuloides. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:1140-1150. [PMID: 28379516 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental phenotypic plasticity can allow plants to buffer the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental stressors. Therefore, it is vital to improve our understanding of how phenotypic plasticity in ecological functional traits is coordinated with variation in physiological performance in plants. To identify coordinated leaf responses to low-water (LW) versus low-light (LL) availability, we measured leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf anatomical characteristics and leaf gas exchange of juvenile Populus tremuloides Michx. trees. Spongy mesophyll tissue surface area (Asmes/A) was correlated with intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi: photosynthesis, (Aarea)/stomatal conductance (gs)). Under LW availability, these changes occurred at the cost of greater leaf tissue density and reduced expansive growth, as leaves were denser but were only 20% the final area of control leaves, resulting in elevated LMA and elevated WUEi. Low light resulted in reduced palisade mesophyll surface area (Apmes/A) while spongy mesophyll surface area was maintained (Asmes/A), with no changes to WUEi. These leaf morphological changes may be a plastic strategy to increase laminar light capture while maintaining WUEi. With reduced density and thickness, however, leaves were 50% the area of control leaves, ultimately resulting in reduced LMA. Our results illustrate that P. tremuloides saplings partially maintain physiological function in response to water and light limitation by inducing developmental plasticity in LMA with underlying anatomical changes. We discuss additional implications of these results in the context of developmental plasticity, growth trade-offs and the ecological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S Baird
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa E Lacey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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18
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Ettinger A, HilleRisLambers J. Competition and facilitation may lead to asymmetric range shift dynamics with climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3921-3933. [PMID: 28161909 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Forecasts of widespread range shifts with climate change stem from assumptions that climate drives species' distributions. However, local adaptation and biotic interactions also influence range limits and thus may impact range shifts. Despite the potential importance of these factors, few studies have directly tested their effects on performance at range limits. We address how population-level variation and biotic interactions may affect range shifts by transplanting seeds and seedlings of western North American conifers of different origin populations into different competitive neighborhoods within and beyond their elevational ranges and monitoring their performance. We find evidence that competition with neighboring trees limits performance within current ranges, but that interactions between adults and juveniles switch from competitive to facilitative at upper range limits. Local adaptation had weaker effects on performance that did not predictably vary with range position or seed origin. Our findings suggest that competitive interactions may slow species turnover within forests at lower range limits, whereas facilitative interactions may accelerate the pace of tree expansions upward near timberline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailene Ettinger
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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Abstract
Succession and community assembly research overlap in many respects, such as through their focus on how ecological processes like dispersal, environmental filters, and biotic interactions influence community structure. Indeed, many recent advances have been made by successional studies that draw on modern analytical techniques introduced by contemporary community assembly studies. However, community assembly studies generally lack a temporal perspective, both on how the forces structuring communities might change over time and on how historical contingency (e.g. priority effects and legacy effects) and complex transitions (e.g. threshold effects) might alter community trajectories. We believe a full understanding of the complex interacting processes that shape community dynamics across large temporal scales can best be achieved by combining concepts, tools, and study systems into an integrated conceptual framework that draws upon both succession and community assembly theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chang
- Division of Biology, School of STEM, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
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20
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Harsch MA, HilleRisLambers J. Climate Warming and Seasonal Precipitation Change Interact to Limit Species Distribution Shifts across Western North America. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159184. [PMID: 27447834 PMCID: PMC4957754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an extensive network of occurrence records for 293 plant species collected over the past 40 years across a climatically diverse geographic section of western North America, we find that plant species distributions were just as likely to shift upwards (i.e., towards higher elevations) as downward (i.e., towards lower elevations)–despite consistent warming across the study area. Although there was no clear directional response to climate warming across the entire study area, there was significant region- to region- variation in responses (i.e. from as many as 73% to as few as 32% of species shifting upward). To understand the factors that might be controlling region-specific distributional shifts of plant species, we explored the relationship between the direction of change in distribution limits and the nature of recent climate change. We found that the direction that distribution limits shifted was explained by an interaction between the rate of change in local summer temperatures and seasonal precipitation. Specifically, species were more likely to shift upward at their upper elevational limit when minimum temperatures increased and snowfall was unchanging or declined at slower rates (<0.5 mm/year). This suggests that both low temperature and water availability limit upward shifts at upper elevation limits. By contrast, species were more likely to shift upwards at their lower elevation limit when maximum temperatures increased, but also shifted upwards under conditions of cooling temperatures when precipitation decreased. This suggests increased water stress may drive upward shifts at lower elevation limits. Our results suggest that species’ elevational distribution shifts are not predictable by climate warming alone but depend on the interaction between seasonal temperature and precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Harsch
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Anderegg LDL, HilleRisLambers J. Drought stress limits the geographic ranges of two tree species via different physiological mechanisms. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:1029-45. [PMID: 26663665 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Range shifts are among the most ubiquitous ecological responses to anthropogenic climate change and have large consequences for ecosystems. Unfortunately, the ecophysiological forces that constrain range boundaries are poorly understood, making it difficult to mechanistically project range shifts. To explore the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress controls dry range boundaries in trees, we quantified elevational variation in drought tolerance and in drought avoidance-related functional traits of a widespread gymnosperm (ponderosa pine - Pinus ponderosa) and angiosperm (trembling aspen - Populus tremuloides) tree species in the southwestern USA. Specifically, we quantified tree-to-tree variation in growth, water stress (predawn and midday xylem tension), drought avoidance traits (branch conductivity, leaf/needle size, tree height, leaf area-to-sapwood area ratio), and drought tolerance traits (xylem resistance to embolism, hydraulic safety margin, wood density) at the range margins and range center of each species. Although water stress increased and growth declined strongly at lower range margins of both species, ponderosa pine and aspen showed contrasting patterns of clinal trait variation. Trembling aspen increased its drought tolerance at its dry range edge by growing stronger but more carbon dense branch and leaf tissues, implying an increased cost of growth at its range boundary. By contrast, ponderosa pine showed little elevational variation in drought-related traits but avoided drought stress at low elevations by limiting transpiration through stomatal closure, such that its dry range boundary is associated with limited carbon assimilation even in average climatic conditions. Thus, the same climatic factor (drought) may drive range boundaries through different physiological mechanisms - a result that has important implications for process-based modeling approaches to tree biogeography. Further, we show that comparing intraspecific patterns of trait variation across ranges, something rarely done in a range-limit context, helps elucidate a mechanistic understanding of range constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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22
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Theobald EJ, Gabrielyan H, HilleRisLambers J. Lilies at the limit: Variation in plant-pollinator interactions across an elevational range. Am J Bot 2016; 103:189-197. [PMID: 26865124 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Many studies assume climatic factors are paramount in determining species' distributions, however, biotic interactions may also play a role. For example, pollinators may limit species' ranges if floral abundance or floral attractiveness is reduced at range margins, thus causing lower pollinator visitation and reduced reproductive output. METHODS To test if pollinators influence the altitudinal distribution of Erythronium montanum (Liliaceae) at Mount Rainier National Park, we asked whether (1) seed production in this species relies on pollinators, (2) seed production and pollen limitation is greatest at range limits, and (3) pollinator visitation rates (either overall or by individual taxonomic groups) reflect patterns of seed production and pollen limitation. RESULTS From this three-year study, we established that this plant does rely on pollinators for fruit set and we found that pollen limitation trended toward being higher at the upper range limit in some years, but not consistently year to year. Insect visitation rates did not mirror spatial patterns of pollen limitation, but annually variable pollinator composition suggested differential importance of some pollinator taxonomic groups (specifically, bumblebees may be better pollinators than syrphid flies). CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that while pollinators are critical for the reproductive success of this high mountain wildflower, plant-pollinator interactions do not obviously drive the distribution of this species. Nonetheless, high spatio-temporal variability in range-wide plant-pollinator dynamics may complicate responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli J Theobald
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
| | - Hrach Gabrielyan
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
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23
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Larson AJ, Lutz JA, Donato DC, Freund JA, Swanson ME, HilleRisLambers J, Sprugel DG, Franklin JF. Spatial aspects of tree mortality strongly differ between young and old-growth forests. Ecology 2015; 96:2855-61. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0628.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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HilleRisLambers J, Anderegg LDL, Breckheimer I, Burns KM, Ettinger AK, Franklin JF, Freund JA, Ford KR, Krolss SJ. Implications of Climate Change for Turnover in Forest Composition. Northwest Science 2015. [DOI: 10.3955/046.089.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Yelenik SG, Colman BP, Levine JM, HilleRisLambers J. A mechanistic study of plant and microbial controls over R* for nitrogen in an annual grassland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106059. [PMID: 25170943 PMCID: PMC4149492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in species' abilities to capture resources can drive competitive hierarchies, successional dynamics, community diversity, and invasions. To investigate mechanisms of resource competition within a nitrogen (N) limited California grassland community, we established a manipulative experiment using an R* framework. R* theory holds that better competitors within a N limited community should better depress available N in monoculture plots and obtain higher abundance in mixture plots. We asked whether (1) plant uptake or (2) plant species influences on microbial dynamics were the primary drivers of available soil N levels in this system where N structures plant communities. To disentangle the relative roles of plant uptake and microbially-mediated processes in resource competition, we quantified soil N dynamics as well as N pools in plant and microbial biomass in monoculture plots of 11 native or exotic annual grassland plants over one growing season. We found a negative correlation between plant N content and soil dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, our measure of R*), suggesting that plant uptake drives R*. In contrast, we found no relationship between microbial biomass N or potential net N mineralization and DIN. We conclude that while plant-microbial interactions may have altered the overall quantity of N that plants take up, the relationship between species' abundance and available N in monoculture was largely driven by plant N uptake in this first year of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yelenik
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P. Colman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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Harsch MA, Zhou Y, HilleRisLambers J, Kot M. Keeping Pace with Climate Change: Stage-Structured Moving-Habitat Models. Am Nat 2014; 184:25-37. [DOI: 10.1086/676590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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HilleRisLambers J, Ettinger AK, Ford KR, Haak DC, Horwith M, Miner BE, Rogers HS, Sheldon KS, Tewksbury JJ, Waters SM, Yang S. Accidental experiments: ecological and evolutionary insights and opportunities derived from global change. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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HilleRisLambers J, Harsch MA, Ettinger AK, Ford KR, Theobald EJ. How will biotic interactions influence climate change-induced range shifts? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1297:112-25. [PMID: 23876073 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biotic interactions present a challenge in determining whether species distributions will track climate change. Interactions with competitors, consumers, mutualists, and facilitators can strongly influence local species distributions, but few studies assess how and whether these interactions will impede or accelerate climate change-induced range shifts. In this paper, we explore how ecologists might move forward on this question. We first outline the conditions under which biotic interactions can result in range shifts that proceed faster or slower than climate velocity and result in ecological surprises. Next, we use our own work to demonstrate that experimental studies documenting the strength of biotic interactions across large environmental gradients are a critical first step for understanding whether they will influence climate change-induced range shifts. Further progress could be made by integrating results from these studies into modeling frameworks to predict how or generalize when biotic interactions mediate how changing climates influence range shifts. Finally, we argue that many more case studies like those described here are needed to explore the importance of biotic interactions during climate change-induced range shifts.
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Ettinger AK, HilleRisLambers J. Climate isn't everything: competitive interactions and variation by life stage will also affect range shifts in a warming world. Am J Bot 2013; 100:1344-1355. [PMID: 23507736 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The extent to which climate controls species' range limits is a classic biological question that is particularly relevant given anthropogenic climate change. While climate is known to play a role in species distributions, biotic interactions such as competition also affect range limits. Furthermore, climatic and biotic controls of ranges may vary in strength across life stages, implying complex range shift dynamics with climate change. METHODS We quantified climatic and competitive influences on growth of juvenile and adult trees of three conifer species on Mt. Rainier, Washington, United States. We collected annual growth data of these trees, which we compared to the competitive environment and annual climate (100 years of data) experienced by each individual. KEY RESULTS We found that the relationships between growth and climate and between growth and competition differed by life stage and location. Growth was sensitive to heavy snowpack and cold temperatures at high elevation upper limits (treeline), but growth was poorly explained by climate in low elevation closed-canopy forests. Competitive effects on growth were more important for saplings than adults, but did not become more important at either upper or lower range limits. CONCLUSIONS In all, our results suggest that range shifts under climate change will differ at leading vs. trailing edges. At treeline, warmer temperatures will lead to increased growth and likely to range expansion. However, climate change will have less dramatic effects in low elevation closed-canopy forest communities, where growth is less strongly limited by climate, especially at young life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailene K Ettinger
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800 USA.
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Caves EM, Jennings SB, HilleRisLambers J, Tewksbury JJ, Rogers HS. Natural experiment demonstrates that bird loss leads to cessation of dispersal of native seeds from intact to degraded forests. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65618. [PMID: 23741503 PMCID: PMC3669269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy forests, vertebrate frugivores move seeds from intact to degraded forests, aiding in the passive regeneration of degraded forests. Yet vertebrate frugivores are declining around the world, and little is known about the impact of this loss on regeneration of degraded areas. Here, we use a unique natural experiment to assess how complete vertebrate frugivore loss affects native seed rain in degraded forest. All native vertebrate frugivores (which were primarily avian frugivores) have been functionally extirpated from the island of Guam by the invasive brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), whereas the nearby island of Saipan has a relatively intact vertebrate frugivore community. We captured seed rain along transects extending from intact into degraded forest and compared the species richness, density and condition of the seed rain from native bird-dispersed tree species between the two islands. Considering seeds from native bird-dispersed species, approximately 1.66 seeds landed per 26 days in each square meter of degraded forest on Saipan, whereas zero seeds landed per 26 days per square meter in degraded forest on Guam. Additionally, on Saipan, 69% of native bird-dispersed seeds in intact forest and 77% of seeds in degraded forest lacked fleshy fruit pulp, suggesting ingestion by birds, compared to 0% of all seeds on Guam. Our results show an absence of seed rain in degraded forests on Guam, correlated with the absence of birds, whereas on Saipan, frugivorous birds regularly disperse seeds into degraded forests, providing a mechanism for re-colonization by native plants. These results suggest that loss of frugivores will slow regeneration of degraded forests on Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Caves
- Biology Department, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Summer B. Jennings
- Biology Department, Butte Community College, Oroville, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Tewksbury
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Haldre S. Rogers
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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HilleRisLambers J, Adler P, Harpole W, Levine J, Mayfield M. Rethinking Community Assembly through the Lens of Coexistence Theory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. HilleRisLambers
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800;
| | - P.B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322;
| | - W.S. Harpole
- Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011;
| | - J.M. Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland, and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106;
| | - M.M. Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia;
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Ibáñez I, Gornish ES, Buckley L, Debinski DM, Hellmann J, Helmuth B, HilleRisLambers J, Latimer AM, Miller-Rushing AJ, Uriarte M. Moving forward in global-change ecology: capitalizing on natural variability. Ecol Evol 2012; 3:170-81. [PMID: 23404535 PMCID: PMC3568852 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resources managers are being asked to follow practices that accommodate for the impact of climate change on the ecosystems they manage, while global-ecosystems modelers aim to forecast future responses under different climate scenarios. However, the lack of scientific knowledge about short-term ecosystem responses to climate change has made it difficult to define set conservation practices or to realistically inform ecosystem models. Until recently, the main goal for ecologists was to study the composition and structure of communities and their implications for ecosystem function, but due to the probable magnitude and irreversibility of climate-change effects (species extinctions and loss of ecosystem function), a shorter term focus on responses of ecosystems to climate change is needed. We highlight several underutilized approaches for studying the ecological consequences of climate change that capitalize on the natural variability of the climate system at different temporal and spatial scales. For example, studying organismal responses to extreme climatic events can inform about the resilience of populations to global warming and contribute to the assessment of local extinctions. Translocation experiments and gene expression are particular useful to quantitate a species' acclimation potential to global warming. And studies along environmental gradients can guide habitat restoration and protection programs by identifying vulnerable species and sites. These approaches identify the processes and mechanisms underlying species acclimation to changing conditions, combine different analytical approaches, and can be used to improve forecasts of the short-term impacts of climate change and thus inform conservation practices and ecosystem models in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S Gornish
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida
| | - Lauren Buckley
- Biology Department, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diane M Debinski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa
| | - Jessica Hellmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre Dame, Indiana
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Environment and Sustainability Program and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Andrew M Latimer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, California
| | - Abraham J Miller-Rushing
- National Park Service, Schoodic Education and Research Center and Acadia National ParkBar Harbor, Maine
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
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Abstract
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors have been charged with improving the performance and retention of students from diverse backgrounds. To date, programs that close the achievement gap between students from disadvantaged versus nondisadvantaged educational backgrounds have required extensive extramural funding. We show that a highly structured course design, based on daily and weekly practice with problem-solving, data analysis, and other higher-order cognitive skills, improved the performance of all students in a college-level introductory biology class and reduced the achievement gap between disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged students--without increased expenditures. These results support the Carnegie Hall hypothesis: Intensive practice, via active-learning exercises, has a disproportionate benefit for capable but poorly prepared students.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Haak
- Department of Biology, Box 351800, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Ettinger AK, Ford KR, HilleRisLambers J. Climate determines upper, but not lower, altitudinal range limits of Pacific Northwest conifers. Ecology 2011; 92:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1890/10-1639.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Firn J, Moore JL, MacDougall AS, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, HilleRisLambers J, Harpole WS, Cleland EE, Brown CS, Knops JMH, Prober SM, Pyke DA, Farrell KA, Bakker JD, O'Halloran LR, Adler PB, Collins SL, D'Antonio CM, Crawley MJ, Wolkovich EM, La Pierre KJ, Melbourne BA, Hautier Y, Morgan JW, Leakey ADB, Kay A, McCulley R, Davies KF, Stevens CJ, Chu CJ, Holl KD, Klein JA, Fay PA, Hagenah N, Kirkman KP, Buckley YM. Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities. Ecol Lett 2011; 14:274-81. [PMID: 21281419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many ecosystems worldwide are dominated by introduced plant species, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function. A common but rarely tested assumption is that these plants are more abundant in introduced vs. native communities, because ecological or evolutionary-based shifts in populations underlie invasion success. Here, data for 26 herbaceous species at 39 sites, within eight countries, revealed that species abundances were similar at native (home) and introduced (away) sites - grass species were generally abundant home and away, while forbs were low in abundance, but more abundant at home. Sites with six or more of these species had similar community abundance hierarchies, suggesting that suites of introduced species are assembling similarly on different continents. Overall, we found that substantial changes to populations are not necessarily a pre-condition for invasion success and that increases in species abundance are unusual. Instead, abundance at home predicts abundance away, a potentially useful additional criterion for biosecurity programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Firn
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, St. Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
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Clark JS, Bell D, Chu C, Courbaud B, Dietze M, Hersh M, HilleRisLambers J, Ibáñez I, LaDeau S, McMahon S, Metcalf J, Mohan J, Moran E, Pangle L, Pearson S, Salk C, Shen Z, Valle D, Wyckoff P. High-dimensional coexistence based on individual variation: a synthesis of evidence. ECOL MONOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/09-1541.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The dominance of invasive species is often assumed to reflect their competitive superiority over displaced native species. However, invasive species may be abundant because of their greater tolerance to anthropogenic impacts accompanying their introduction. Thus, invasive species can either be the drivers or passengers of change.We distinguish between these two possibilities in California grasslands currently dominated by Mediterranean annuals (exotics) and subjected to livestock grazing since European settlement. We focused on native annual grasses and forbs, an understudied species-rich component of the California flora, and Mediterranean annual grasses, currently dominant and among the first non-native plants introduced to the area.We established a field experiment with fenced and unfenced blocks in a cattle pasture. We measured concentrations of limiting resources (nitrogen, phosphorus, light and soil moisture) in monoculture plots as an index of competitive ability (i.e. R*). We then quantified grazing impacts on biomass and seed production in grazed vs. ungrazed monoculture plots. Finally, we measured biomass and seed production of each species competing in mixture plots, in the presence and absence of grazers.We found that native and exotic species did not differ in R* indices of competitive ability, i.e. concentrations of limiting resources in ungrazed native monoculture plots did not differ from concentrations in ungrazed exotic monoculture plots. By contrast, exotic annuals suffered less from grazing than native annuals, perhaps reflecting their longer evolutionary history with cattle grazing. Consistent with these results, native and exotic annuals were equally abundant in ungrazed mixtures, but exotic species overwhelmingly dominated grazed mixtures.Species able to draw down nitrogen and light to lower levels in monocultures (i.e. those with lower R* values) dominated biomass and seeds in mixed plots without grazers. However, R* did not predict the relative abundance of species in grazed plots. Moreover, the relative abundance of species in mixtures did not correlate with grazing impacts on their monocultures, implying that grazing alters inter-specific competitive dynamics.Synthesis. We demonstrate that the displacement of native annuals by Mediterranean annual grasses in California may largely have been driven by cattle grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie G Yelenik
- Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Benjamin P Colman
- Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
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Abstract
Plant species composition and diversity is often influenced by early life history stages; thus, global change could dramatically affect plant community structure by altering seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, making it difficult to assess this possibility. To address this issue, we quantified the effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and declining diversity on inflorescence production and inflorescence mass of 11 perennial grassland species in central Minnesota, U.S.A. We analyzed these data to ask whether (1) global change differentially affects seed production of co-occurring species; (2) seed production responses to global change are similar for species within the same functional group (defined by ecophysiology and growth form); and (3) seed production responses to global change match productivity responses: We found that, on average, allocation to seed production decreased under elevated CO2, although individual species responses were rarely significant due to low power (CO2 treatment df = 2). The effects of nitrogen deposition on seed production were similar within functional groups: C4 grasses tended to increase while C3 grasses tended to decrease allocation to seed production. Responses to nitrogen deposition were negatively correlated to productivity responses, suggesting a trade-off. Allocation to seed production of some species responded to a diversity gradient, but responses were uncorrelated to productivity responses and not similar within functional groups. Presumably, species richness has complex effects on the biotic and abiotic variables that influence seed production. In total, our results suggest that seed production of co-occurring species will be altered by global change, which may affect plant communities in unpredictable ways. Although functional groups could be used to generalize seed production responses to nitrogen deposition in Minnesota prairies, we caution against relying on them for predictive purposes without a mechanistic understanding of how resource availability and biotic interactions affect seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J HilleRisLambers
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, USA.
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Levine JM, HilleRisLambers J. The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity. Nature 2009; 461:254-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adler PB, HilleRisLambers J. THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF TEN PRAIRIE FORBS. Ecology 2008; 89:3049-3060. [DOI: 10.1890/07-1569.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5230 USA
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Adler PB, HilleRisLambers J, Kyriakidis PC, Guan Q, Levine JM. Climate variability has a stabilizing effect on the coexistence of prairie grasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:12793-8. [PMID: 16908862 PMCID: PMC1550767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600599103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How expected increases in climate variability will affect species diversity depends on the role of such variability in regulating the coexistence of competing species. Despite theory linking temporal environmental fluctuations with the maintenance of diversity, the importance of climate variability for stabilizing coexistence remains unknown because of a lack of appropriate long-term observations. Here, we analyze three decades of demographic data from a Kansas prairie to demonstrate that interannual climate variability promotes the coexistence of three common grass species. Specifically, we show that (i) the dynamics of the three species satisfy all requirements of "storage effect" theory based on recruitment variability with overlapping generations, (ii) climate variables are correlated with interannual variation in species performance, and (iii) temporal variability increases low-density growth rates, buffering these species against competitive exclusion. Given that environmental fluctuations are ubiquitous in natural systems, our results suggest that coexistence based on the storage effect may be underappreciated and could provide an important alternative to recent neutral theories of diversity. Field evidence for positive effects of variability on coexistence also emphasizes the need to consider changes in both climate means and variances when forecasting the effects of global change on species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 83422, USA.
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West JB, HilleRisLambers J, Lee TD, Hobbie SE, Reich PB. Legume species identity and soil nitrogen supply determine symbiotic nitrogen-fixation responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. New Phytol 2005; 167:523-30. [PMID: 15998403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In nitrogen (N)-limited systems, the response of symbiotic N fixation to elevated atmospheric [CO2] may be an important determinant of ecosystem responses to this global change. Experimental tests of the effects of elevated [CO2] have not been consistent. Although rarely tested, differences among legume species and N supply may be important. In a field free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, we determined, for four legume species, whether the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on symbiotic N fixation depended on soil N availability or species identity. Natural abundance and pool-dilution 15N methods were used to estimate N fixation. Although N addition did, in general, decrease N fixation, contrary to theoretical predictions, elevated [CO2] did not universally increase N fixation. Rather, the effect of elevated [CO2] on N fixation was positive, neutral or negative, depending on the species and N addition. Our results suggest that legume species identity and N supply are critical factors in determining symbiotic N-fixation responses to increased atmospheric [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B West
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
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Tilman D, HilleRisLambers J, Harpole S, Dybzinski R, Fargione J, Clark C, Lehman C. DOES METABOLIC THEORY APPLY TO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY? IT'S A MATTER OF SCALE. Ecology 2004. [DOI: 10.1890/03-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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