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Sánchez-Dengra B, García-Montoya E, González-Álvarez I, Bermejo M, González-Álvarez M. Establishment and Validation of a New Co-Culture for the Evaluation of the Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier in Patients with Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051431. [PMID: 37242673 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanisms involved in drug access to the central nervous system (CNS) are not completely elucidated, and research efforts to understand the behaviour of the therapeutic agents to access the blood-brain barrier continue with the utmost importance. The aim of this work was the creation and validation of a new in vitro model capable of predicting the in vivo permeability across the blood-brain barrier in the presence of glioblastoma. The selected in vitro method was a cell co-culture model of epithelial cell lines (MDCK and MDCK-MDR1) with a glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG). Several drugs were tested (letrozole, gemcitabine, methotrexate and ganciclovir). Comparison of the proposed in vitro model, MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 co-cultured with U87-MG, and in vivo studies showed a great predictability for each cell line, with R2 values of 0.8917 and 0.8296, respectively. Therefore, both cells lines (MDCK and MDCK-MDR1) are valid for predicting the access of drugs to the CNS in the presence of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena García-Montoya
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Rahman M, Ravichandran R, Bansal S, Sanborn K, Bowen S, Eschbacher J, Sureshbabu A, Fleming T, Bharat A, Walia R, Hachem R, Bremner RM, Smith MA, Mohanakumar T. Novel role for tumor suppressor gene, liver kinase B1, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition leading to chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:843-852. [PMID: 34859569 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated to play a role in chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a tumor suppressor gene, can regulate EMT. However, its role in CLAD development following lung transplantation remains unknown. Using qRT-PCR, biopsies from lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) demonstrated significant downregulation of LKB1 (p = .0001), compared to stable biopsies. To determine the role of LKB1 in EMT development, we analyzed EMT in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Knockdown of LKB1 by siRNA significantly dysregulated mesenchymal markers expression in BEAS-2B cells. Following incubation of human primary bronchial epithelial cell or BEAS-2B cells with exosomes isolated from BOS or stable lung transplant recipients, LKB1 expression was inhibited when incubated with BOS-exosome. Incubation with BOS-exosomes also decreased LKB1 expression and induced EMT markers in air-liquid interface culture method. Our results provide novel evidence that exosomes released from transplanted lungs undergoing chronic rejection are associated with inactivated tumor suppressor gene LKB1 and this loss induces EMT leading to the pathogenesis of CLAD following human lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Sandhya Bansal
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Kristina Sanborn
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sara Bowen
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jennifer Eschbacher
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Angara Sureshbabu
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Timothy Fleming
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Rajat Walia
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ross M Bremner
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael A Smith
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
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de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Carreira ACO, Batista VF, de Carvalho HJC, Miglino MA, Fratini P. In vivo biocompatibility analysis of the recellularized canine tracheal scaffolds with canine epithelial and endothelial progenitor cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3551-3565. [PMID: 35109755 PMCID: PMC8974223 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has frequently been applied as a biomaterial for tissue engineering purposes. When implanted, their role can be essential for partial trachea replacement in patients that require a viable transplant solution. Acellular canine tracheal scaffolds with preserved ECM structure, flexibility, and proteins were obtained by high pressure vacuum decellularization. Here, we aimed to evaluate the cell adhesion and proliferation of canine tracheal epithelial cells (EpC) and canine yolk sac endothelial progenitor cells (YS) cultivated on canine decellularized tracheal scaffolds and test the in vivo biocompatibility of these recellularized scaffolds implanted in BALB-c nude mice. In order to evaluate the recellularization efficiency, scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunofluorescence, DNA quantification, mycoplasma test, and in vivo biocompatibility. The scaffolds sterility was confirmed, and EpC and YS cells were cultured by 7 and 14 days. We demonstrated by SEM, immunofluorescence, and genomic DNA analyzes cell adhesion to tracheal ECM. Then, recellularized scaffolds were in vivo subcutaneously implanted in mice and after 45 days, the fragments were collected and analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Gömori Trichrome staining and PCNA, CD4, CD8, and CD68 immunohistochemistry. In vivo results confirmed that the implanted tissue remains preserved and proliferative, and no fibrotic tissue process was observed in animals. Finally, our results showed the recellularization success due the preserved ECM proteins, and that these may be suitable to future preclinical studies applications for partial trachea replacement in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia O Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória Frias Batista
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, Brazil
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Hu JJ, Lei XX, Jiang YL, Zou CY, Song YT, Wu CY, Tang LQ, Lu D, Li-Ling J, Yang H, Xie HQ. Scarless vocal fold regeneration by urine-derived stem cells and small intestinal submucosa hydrogel composites through enhancement of M2 macrophage Polarization, neovascularization and Re-epithelialization. SMART MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 3:339-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
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Lin L, White S, Hu K. A Co-culture Model to Study the Effect of Kidney Fibroblast-p90RSK on Epithelial Cell Survival. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2346:63-71. [PMID: 32399746 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the mechanistic investigations on renal fibrosis have long been concentrated on individual type of cells, such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells. However, in recent years, growing numbers of studies have been shifting toward the role of the intercellular interactions, such as communication between tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Various co-culture models have been utilized in the studies of cell-cell communication and interaction. In this chapter, we describe an innovative co-culture model employing the porous membranes for spatially partitioning the cells while allowing direct crosstalk between fibroblasts and epithelial cells in an effort of mimicking in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Samantha White
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kebin Hu
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Kimball EE, Sayce L, Xu XC, Kruszka CM, Rousseau B. Protein Substrate Alters Cell Physiology in Primary Culture of Vocal Fold Epithelial Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:10-23. [PMID: 33910192 PMCID: PMC8222167 DOI: 10.1159/000514200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane interacts directly with the vocal fold epithelium. Signaling between the basement membrane and the epithelium modulates gene regulation, differentiation, and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate simple single-protein substrate for growth of rabbit vocal fold epithelial cells. Vocal folds from 3 New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were treated to isolate epithelial cells, and cells were seeded onto cell culture inserts coated with collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, or fibronectin. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured, and phase contrast microscopy, PanCK, CK14, and E-cadherin immunofluorescence were utilized to assess for epithelial cell-type characteristics. Further investigation via immunofluorescence labeling was conducted to assess proliferation (Ki67) and differentiation (Vimentin). There was a significant main effect of substrate on TEER, with collagen IV eliciting the highest, and laminin the lowest resistance. Assessment of relative TEER across cell lines identified a larger range of TEER in collagen I and laminin. Phase contrast imaging identified altered morphology in the laminin condition, but cell layer depth did not appear to be related to TEER, differentiation, or morphology. Ki67 staining additionally showed no significant difference in proliferation. All conditions had confluent epithelial cells and dispersed mesenchymal cells, with increased mesenchymal cell numbers over time; however, a higher proportion of mesenchymal cells was observed in the laminin condition. The results suggest collagen IV is a preferable basement membrane substrate for in vitro vocal fold epithelial primary cell culture, providing consistent TEER and characteristic cell morphology, and that laminin is an unsuitable substrate for vocal fold epithelial cells and may promote mesenchymal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Kimball
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Lea Sayce
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Xiaochuan C. Xu
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chase M. Kruszka
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Preliminary Study on the Development of In Vitro Human Respiratory Epithelium Using Collagen Type I Scaffold as a Potential Model for Future Tracheal Tissue Engineering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathological conditions of the tracheal epithelium, such as postoperative injuries and chronic conditions, often compromise the functionality of the respiratory epithelium. Although replacement of the respiratory epithelium using various types of tracheal transplantation has been attempted, there is no predictable and dependable replacement method that holds for safe and practicable long-term use. Therefore, we used a tissue engineering approach for ex vivo regeneration of the respiratory epithelium (RE) construct. Collagen type I was isolated from sheep tendon and it was fabricated in a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold format. Isolated human respiratory epithelial cells (RECs) and fibroblasts from nasal turbinate were co-cultured on the 3D scaffold for 48 h, and epithelium maturation was allowed for another 14 days in an air–liquid interface culture system. The scanning electron microscope results revealed a fabricated porous-structure 3D collagen scaffold. The scaffold was found to be biocompatible with RECs and fibroblasts and allows cells attachment, proliferation, and migration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the seeded RECs and fibroblasts were positive for expression of cytokeratin 14 and collagen type I markers, respectively, indicating that the scaffold supports the native phenotype of seeded cells over a period of 14 days. Although a longer maturation period is needed for ciliogenesis to occur in RECs, the findings suggest that the tissue-engineered RE construct is a potential candidate for direct use in tracheal epithelium replacement or tracheal tube reengineering.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One of the most common diseases of the tympanic membrane is a perforation, and tympanoplasty is one of the more common procedures in otolaryngology. Tympanic membrane regeneration and bioengineering aim to improve the success rate of the procedure, increase the availability of different scaffolds and provide innovative tools that will simplify the surgical technique and make it accessible for surgeons with varying expertise level. This review aims to raise awareness of current tissue engineering developments in tympanic membrane regeneration and how they may augment current clinical practices. We focus here on achievements in tympanic membrane cell cultures and on innovations in development of new scaffolds and growth factors that enhance regeneration of patient's native tympanic membranes. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, great achievements were reached in the field of tympanic membrane regeneration in the three hallmarks of bioengineering: cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules. New techniques for modeling normal tympanic membrane proliferation were developed, as well as for isolation and expansion of normal tympanic membrane keratinocytes from miniature samples of scarred tissue. Ongoing clinical trials aim to seal the perforation by applying different scaffolds infiltrated by growth factors on the tympanic membrane. SUMMARY Research efforts in tympanic membrane regeneration continue to seek the ideal single tissue-engineered substitute. Recent advances in tympanic membrane bioengineering include new types of scaffolds that may augment and provide a safe and effective alternative to the current gold-standard autograft. New bioactive molecules may simplify the surgical procedure and reduce surgical time by augmenting the native tympanic membrane regeneration. Several groups of bioengineering scientists and neurotologists are continuing to move forward and develop new strategies, seeking to create a fully functional tissue-engineered tympanic membrane.
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Bargavi P, Ramya R, Chitra S, Vijayakumari S, Riju Chandran R, Durgalakshmi D, Rajashree P, Balakumar S. Bioactive, degradable and multi-functional three-dimensional membranous scaffolds of bioglass and alginate composites for tissue regenerative applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4003-4025. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional bioactive hydrogel ECM like membrane for 3D dynamic tissue/disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bargavi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - R. Ramya
- SRM Dental College
- SRMIST
- Chennai – 600089
- India
| | - S. Chitra
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - S. Vijayakumari
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - R. Riju Chandran
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - D. Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics
- Anna University
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - P. Rajashree
- CAS in Crystallography & Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
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Mo TT, Tan JJ, Wang MG, Dai YF, Liu X, Li XP. Optimized Generation of Primary Human Epithelial Cells from Larynx and Hypopharynx: A Site-Specific Epithelial Model for Reflux Research. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:630-637. [PMID: 30917697 PMCID: PMC7103601 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719838478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) induces a differential damage effect on several anatomic
sites within the larynx and hypopharynx; therefore, an in vitro model is needed for each
anatomic site. This study aimed to establish a primary culture method for human laryngeal
and hypopharyngeal epithelial cells derived from multiple anatomic sites. Surgical mucosa
specimens were treated with a two-step enzymatic strategy to establish a primary culture.
Of the 46 samples, primary cultivation was achieved successfully with 36 samples, and the
positive ratio was 78.3%. In addition, flow cytometry revealed that these primary cells
were epithelial cells with a purity of 94.9%. The proliferative ability was confirmed by
positive staining for Ki-67. Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal epithelial cells from multiple
sites exhibited similar epithelial morphology and positive cytokeratin expression. These
cells can be cultured to passage 4. In summary, we successfully established the in vitro
epithelial model of larynx and hypopharynx subsites, which may potentially be used as a
platform for reflux research, especially for site-specific damage effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Mo
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jie Tan
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Gui Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Dai
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Szabó D, Kovács D, Endrész V, Igaz N, Jenovai K, Spengler G, Tiszlavicz L, Molnár J, Burián K, Kiricsi M, Rovó L. Antifibrotic effect of mitomycin-C on human vocal cord fibroblasts. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:E255-E262. [PMID: 30618152 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acquired laryngotracheal stenosis is a potentially life-threatening situation and a very difficult and challenging problem in laryngology. Therefore, new trends and innovative approaches based on antifibrotic drugs and minimally invasive regimens are being developed to attenuate laryngotracheal fibrosis and scarring. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of mitomycin-C (MMC) to reverse the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced differentiation of MRC-5 fibroblast and human primary vocal cord fibroblasts to reveal the possible applicability of MMC to laryngotracheal fibrotic conditions. METHODS Human primary fibroblast cells were isolated from vocal cord specimens of patients undergoing total laryngectomy. The established primary vocal cord fibroblast cell cultures as well as the MRC-5 human fibroblast cells were treated with 5 ng/mL TGF-β alone and then with 0.5 µg/mL MMC for 24 hours. Differentiation of fibroblasts was characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunhistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell motility was assessed by wound-healing assay. RESULTS Elevated α-SMA mRNA and protein expression as well as increased cell motility were observed upon TGF-β exposures. However, after MMC treatments the TGF-β-induced fibroblasts exhibited a significant decrease in α-SMA expression and wound-healing activity. Therefore, TGF-β-stimulated fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation was reversed at least in part by MMC treatment. Histopathological examinations of tissue specimens of a laryngotracheal stenosis patient supported these findings. CONCLUSION Antifibrotic effects of MMC were demonstrated on the human MRC-5 cell line and on primary vocal cord fibroblast cultures. These results verify that MMC can be used with success to reverse upper airway stenosis by reverting the myofibroblast phenotype. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E255-E262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Szabó
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valéria Endrész
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Jenovai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - József Molnár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Rovó
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Szeged, Hungary
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