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Wu YH, Chiang CP. Adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on human health. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1919-1923. [PMID: 39347055 PMCID: PMC11437328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people have associated e-cigarettes with adjectives such as trendy and cool, and regarded vaping as "a safer alternative to cigarette smoking". Compared with the conventional cigarettes, the public is less familiar with the dangers of e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes produce an aerosol by heating the e-liquid (usually comprising nicotine, flavorings, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and other additives). Harmful substances are generated during the vaporization, such as formaldehyde. Cellular damages and DNA hypermethylation are also found to be associated with vaping. We reviewed the clinical neoplastic cases of patients with vaping history (three oral squamous cell carcinomas, one conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, and one thoracic NUT-midline carcinoma). These patients tend to be younger than the average cancer patients. Although the exact relations between the cellular damages or DNA hypermethylation and vaping still need further investigations, we should be very careful about the dangers of using e-cigarettes as aids for cigarette smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kimura A, Khan MI, Easwaran M, Soo J, Golchin A, Erickson-DiRenzo E. Establishing a Mouse Model of Surgical Vocal Fold Injury. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 39180435 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal models of vocal fold (VF) surgical injury and scar formation provide insight into the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to establish an alternative model of surgical injury to the mouse VF using materials commonly available in most research laboratories or for purchase and to investigate wound healing of the epithelium (EP) and lamina propria (LP). METHODS Mice were anesthetized by isoflurane gas delivery and positioned on a platform so that the larynx could be observed using a laryngoscope and dissection microscope. Unilateral VF injury was created using a wire brush. Mice were euthanized and the larynx evaluated 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 14-, and 28-days following injury. Histological and immunofluorescent analysis was used to evaluate thickness of the EP, LP area, proliferative (Ki67+) and basal cells (p63+) in the EP, and collagen III content in the LP. RESULTS The depth of injury reached the superficial thyroarytenoid muscle on Day 1. The thickness of the EP of the injured VF was increased on Days 3 and 5, and the LP area was increased on Days 3, 5, and 7 as compared with the uninjured VF. Ki67+ and p63+ cells were increased on Day 3 and collagen III content was increased on Days 5 and 28 as compared with the uninjured VF. CONCLUSION We successfully established an alternative method of creating unilateral VF injury in the mouse. This method will be useful for future research regarding VF surgical injury and wound healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Kimura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Meena Easwaran
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joanne Soo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amirbahador Golchin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6646. [PMID: 38503831 PMCID: PMC10951409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Murdaugh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine L Faunce
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3892315. [PMID: 38352503 PMCID: PMC10862982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3892315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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