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Huang C, Fan X, Shen Y, Shen M, Yang L. Neutrophil subsets in noncancer liver diseases: Cellular crosstalk and therapeutic targets. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250324. [PMID: 37495829 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating granulocytes, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils can regulate inflammatory and immune responses through degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and NETosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of various noncancer liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and liver fibrosis. Cellular interactions among neutrophils, other immune cells, and nonimmune cells constitute a complex network that regulates the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review summarizes novel neutrophil subtypes, including CD177+ neutrophils and low-density neutrophils. Moreover, we provide an overview of the cellular cros stalk of neutrophils in noncancer liver diseases, aiming to shed new light on mechanistic studies of novel neutrophil subtypes. In addition, we discuss the potential of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in noncancer liver diseases, including inhibitors targeting NETosis, granule proteins, and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Higuera-Martínez G, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Jarillo-Luna RA, Cárdenas-Jaramillo LM, Levaro-Loquio D, Velásquez-Torres M, Abarca-Rojano E, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Pacheco-Yépez J. Apocynin, an NADPH Oxidase Enzyme Inhibitor, Prevents Amebic Liver Abscess in Hamster. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2322. [PMID: 37626818 PMCID: PMC10452916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extraintestinal complication of amebiasis. In animal models of ALA, neutrophils have been shown to be the first cells to come into contact with Entamoeba histolytica during the initial phase of ALA. One of the multiple mechanisms by which neutrophils exhibit amebicidal activity is through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2), which generates and transports electrons to subsequently reduce molecular oxygen into superoxide anion. Previous reports have shown that ROS release in the susceptible animal species (hamster) is mainly stimulated by the pathogen, in turn provoking such an exacerbated inflammatory reaction that it is unable to be controlled and results in the death of the animal model. Apocynin is a natural inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. No information is available on the role of NOX in the evolution of ALA in the hamster, a susceptible model. Our study showed that administration of a selective NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) enzyme inhibitor significantly decreases the percentage of ALA, the size of inflammatory foci, the number of neutrophils, and NOX activity indicated by the reduction in superoxide anion (O2-) production. Moreover, in vitro, the apocynin damages amoebae. Our results showed that apocynin administration induces a decrease in the activity of NOX that could favor a decrease in ALA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Higuera-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Rosa Adriana Jarillo-Luna
- Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.A.J.-L.); (L.M.C.-J.)
| | - Luz María Cárdenas-Jaramillo
- Coordinación de Ciencias Morfológicas, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.A.J.-L.); (L.M.C.-J.)
| | - David Levaro-Loquio
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Maritza Velásquez-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.H.-M.); (I.M.A.-M.); (D.L.-L.); (M.V.-T.); (E.A.-R.); (A.A.R.-A.)
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3
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Shepherd HM, Gauthier JM, Terada Y, Li W, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Updated Views on Neutrophil Responses in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2022; 106:2314-2324. [PMID: 35749228 PMCID: PMC9712152 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable event during organ transplantation and represents a primary risk factor for the development of early graft dysfunction in lung, heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients. Recent studies have implicated recipient neutrophils as key mediators of this process and also have found that early innate immune responses after transplantation can ultimately augment adaptive alloimmunity and affect late graft outcomes. Here, we discuss signaling pathways involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation after ischemia-mediated graft injury in solid organ transplantation with an emphasis on lung allografts, which have been the focus of recent studies. These findings suggest novel therapeutic interventions that target ischemia-reperfusion injury-mediated graft dysfunction in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M. Shepherd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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4
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Pancreas Preservation with a Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor, Alvelestat, Contributes to Improvement of Porcine Islet Isolation and Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154290. [PMID: 35893379 PMCID: PMC9330829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For pancreatic islet transplantation, pancreas procurement, preservation, and islet isolation destroy cellular and non-cellular components and activate components such as resident neutrophils, which play an important role in the impairment of islet survival. It has been reported that inhibitors of neutrophil elastase (NE), such as sivelestat and α1-antitrypsin, could contribute to improvement of islet isolation and transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether pancreatic preservation with alvelestat, a novel NE inhibitor, improves porcine islet yield and function. Porcine pancreata were preserved with or without 5 μM alvelestat for 18 h, and islet isolation was performed. The islet yields before and after purification were significantly higher in the alvelestat (+) group than in the alvelestat (−) group. After islet transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, blood glucose levels reached the normoglycemic range in 55% and 5% of diabetic mice in the alvelestat (+) and alvelestat (−) groups, respectively. These results suggest that pancreas preservation with alvelestat improves islet yield and graft function and could thus serve as a novel clinical strategy for improving the outcome of islet transplantation.
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5
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The Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Abdominal Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137151. [PMID: 35806156 PMCID: PMC9266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is a CXC chemokine, CXCR2 ligand and chemotactic factor for neutrophils. In this paper, we present a review of the role of the chemokine CXCL1 in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the oral cavity and abdominal organs (gingiva, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys). We focus on the importance of CXCL1 on implantation and placentation as well as on human pluripotent stem cells. We also show the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the abdominal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity (periodontal diseases, periodontitis, Sjögren syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), HBV and HCV infection, liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), obesity and overweight, kidney transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury, endometriosis and adenomyosis).
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6
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Becker F, Kebschull L, Rieger C, Mohr A, Heitplatz B, Van Marck V, Hansen U, Ansari J, Reuter S, Strücker B, Pascher A, Brockmann JG, Castor T, Alexander JS, Gavins FNE. Bryostatin-1 Attenuates Ischemia-Elicited Neutrophil Transmigration and Ameliorates Graft Injury after Kidney Transplantation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060948. [PMID: 35326400 PMCID: PMC8946580 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a form of sterile inflammation whose severity determines short- and long-term graft fates in kidney transplantation. Neutrophils are now recognized as a key cell type mediating early graft injury, which activates further innate immune responses and intensifies acquired immunity and alloimmunity. Since the macrolide Bryostatin-1 has been shown to block neutrophil transmigration, we aimed to determine whether these findings could be translated to the field of kidney transplantation. To study the effects of Bryostatin-1 on ischemia-elicited neutrophil transmigration, an in vitro model of hypoxia and normoxia was equipped with human endothelial cells and neutrophils. To translate these findings, a porcine renal autotransplantation model with eight hours of reperfusion was used to study neutrophil infiltration in vivo. Graft-specific treatment using Bryostatin-1 (100 nM) was applied during static cold storage. Bryostatin-1 dose-dependently blocked neutrophil activation and transmigration over ischemically challenged endothelial cell monolayers. When applied to porcine renal autografts, Bryostatin-1 reduced neutrophil graft infiltration, attenuated histological and ultrastructural damage, and improved renal function. Our novel findings demonstrate that Bryostatin-1 is a promising pharmacological candidate for graft-specific treatment in kidney transplantation, as it provides protection by blocking neutrophil infiltration and attenuating functional graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Becker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Linus Kebschull
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Constantin Rieger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Annika Mohr
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (B.H.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (B.H.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Stefan Reuter
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Strücker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Jens G. Brockmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | | | - J. Steve Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (F.N.E.G.)
| | - Felicity N. E. Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (F.N.E.G.)
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7
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Silva JRDA, Oliveira PVSDE, Nolasco P, Santana H, Rezende IS, Santos DPD, Timenetsky J, Marques LM, Figueiredo TB, Silva RAADA. Ureaplasma diversum clearance in lung mice infection is mediated by neutrophils. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200424. [PMID: 34431870 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia in cattle is one of the causes of morbidity rates and economic loss. The host response to lung infections caused by Ureaplasma diversum in bovines is virtually unknown. Here in the immune response was evaluated in a murine model for an experimental pulmonary infection by U. diversum. Therefore, AJ, BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal inoculation of U. diversum and were evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days and the clinical specimens were collected. In bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) an increase of inflammatory cells was observed. Neutrophils were the main cells recruited to the site of infection and the infiltration was coincided with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found a large amount of neutrophil in this initial period, followed by a decrease 7 and 14 days post infection, accompanied by bacterial clearance. Our results evidenced the presence of U. diversum within the neutrophil that suggests a phagocytic role of this cell in the elimination of the infection. The immune response features reported here are the initial evidence that healthy immune systems may control these microorganisms. This may be the first step to design new strategies immune based to control the infections in naturally infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile R DA Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB II, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Percíllia V S DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Patricia Nolasco
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Hugo Santana
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Izadora S Rezende
- Centro Universitário FG - UniFG, Departamento de Farmácia, Av. Barão do Rio Branco, 459, Centro, 46430-000 Guanambi, BA, Brazil
| | - Denisar P Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil.,Centro Universitário FG - UniFG, Departamento de Farmácia, Av. Barão do Rio Branco, 459, Centro, 46430-000 Guanambi, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Cidade Universitária 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Cidade Universitária 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiana B Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Robson A A DA Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde - Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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8
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Resveratrol and Quercetin as Regulators of Inflammatory and Purinergic Receptors to Attenuate Liver Damage Associated to Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168939. [PMID: 34445644 PMCID: PMC8396326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and a varying degree of hepatic injury, inflammation, and repair. Moreover, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes in the liver. There is extensive evidence of the beneficial effect of polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (QRC) on the treatment of liver pathology; however, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we show that the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RSV and QRC against inflammation in liver damage in our MS model are due to the activation of novel pathways which have not been previously described such as the downregulation of the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), neutrophil elastase (NE) and purinergic receptor P2Y2. This downregulation leads to a decrease in apoptosis and hepatic fibrosis with no changes in hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, PPAR alpha and gamma expression were altered in MS but their expression was not affected by the treatment with the natural compounds. The improvement of liver damage by the administration of polyphenols was reflected in the normalization of serum transaminase activities.
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9
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Tang J, Yan Z, Feng Q, Yu L, Wang H. The Roles of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625472. [PMID: 33763069 PMCID: PMC7982672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the largest population of circulating leukocytes and the first responder against invading pathogens or other danger signals. Sophisticated machineries help them play critical roles in immunity and inflammation, including phagocytosis, superoxide production, cytokine and chemokine production, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). After maturation and release from the bone marrow, neutrophils migrate to inflamed tissues in response to many stimuli. Increasing evidences indicate that neutrophils are critically involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including liver cancer, thus making them promising target for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we would like to provide the latest finding about the role of neutrophils in liver diseases and discuss the potentiality of neutrophils as target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Tang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Graduate Management Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexing Yu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
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10
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Khalfin B, Lichtenstein A, Albeck A, Nathan I. Targeting Necrosis: Elastase-like Protease Inhibitors Curtail Necrotic Cell Death Both In Vitro and in Three In Vivo Disease Models. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1510-1523. [PMID: 33522230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis is the main mode of cell death, which leads to multiple clinical conditions affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, hampering therapeutics development. Here, we identify key proteolytic activities essential for necrosis using various biochemical approaches, enzymatic assays, medicinal chemistry, and siRNA library screening. These findings provide strategies to treat and prevent necrosis, including known medicines used for other indications, siRNAs, and establish a platform for the design of new inhibitory molecules. Indeed, inhibitors of these pathways demonstrated protective activity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of traumatic brain injury, acute myocardial infarction, and drug-induced liver toxicity. Consequently, this study may pave the way for the development of novel therapies for the treatment, inhibition, or prevention of a large number of hitherto untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Khalfin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexandra Lichtenstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ilana Nathan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8457108, Israel
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11
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Kawasoe J, Uchida Y, Miyauchi T, Kadono K, Hirao H, Saga K, Watanabe T, Ueda S, Terajima H, Uemoto S. The lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin is a drug candidate for both prophylaxis and treatment of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:540-551. [PMID: 32805077 PMCID: PMC7891328 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) can occur in any tissue or organ. With respect to liver transplantation, the liver grafts from donors by definition experience transient ischemia and subsequent blood reflow. IRI is a problem not only in organ transplantation but also in cases of thrombosis or circulatory disorders such as mesenteric ischemia, myocardial, or cerebral infarction. We have reported that recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM), which is currently used in Japan to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), has a protective effect and suppresses liver IRI in mice. However, rTM may not be fully safe to use in humans because of its inherent anticoagulant activity. In the present study, we used a mouse liver IRI model to explore the possibility that the isolated lectin-like domain of rTM (rTMD1), which has no anticoagulant activity, could be effective as a therapeutic modality for IRI. Our results indicated that rTMD1 could suppress ischemia and reperfusion-induced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner without concern of associated hemorrhage. Surprisingly, rTMD1 suppressed the liver damage even after IR insult had occurred. Taken together, we conclude that rTMD1 may be a candidate drug for prevention of and therapy for human liver IRI without the possible risk of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kawasoe
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyauchi
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenichi Saga
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Division of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shugo Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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12
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Rossi B, Constantin G, Zenaro E. The emerging role of neutrophils in neurodegeneration. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Raevens S, Van Campenhout S, Debacker PJ, Lefere S, Verhelst X, Geerts A, Van Vlierberghe H, Colle I, Devisscher L. Combination of sivelestat and N-acetylcysteine alleviates the inflammatory response and exceeds standard treatment for acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:341-355. [PMID: 31841237 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a1119-279r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte death during acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication elicits a reactive inflammatory response, with hepatic recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, which further aggravates liver injury. Neutrophil elastase (NE), secreted by activated neutrophils, carries degradative and cytotoxic functions and maintains a proinflammatory state. We investigated NE as a therapeutic target in acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). C57BL/6 mice were administered a toxic dose of APAP, 2 h prior to receiving the NE inhibitor sivelestat, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or a combination therapy, and were euthanized after 24 and 48 h. Upon APAP overdose, neutrophils and monocytes infiltrate the injured liver, accompanied by increased levels of NE. Combination therapy of NAC and sivelestat significantly limits liver damage, as evidenced by lower serum transaminase levels and less hepatic necrosis compared to mice that received APAP only, and this to a greater extent than NAC monotherapy. Lower hepatic expression of proinflammatory markers was observed in the combination treatment group, and flow cytometry revealed significantly less monocyte influx in livers from mice treated with the combination therapy, compared to untreated mice and mice treated with NAC only. The potential of NE to induce leukocyte migration was confirmed in vitro. Importantly, sivelestat did not impair hepatic repair. In conclusion, combination of NE inhibition with sivelestat and NAC dampens the inflammatory response and reduces liver damage following APAP overdose. This strategy exceeds the standard of care and might represent a novel therapeutic option for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter-Jan Debacker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Up-regulation of FOXO1 and reduced inflammation by β-hydroxybutyric acid are essential diet restriction benefits against liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13533-13542. [PMID: 31196960 PMCID: PMC6613133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820282116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major challenge in liver surgery. Diet restriction reduces liver damage by increasing stress resistance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the preventive effect of 12-h fasting on mouse liver IRI. Partial warm hepatic IRI model in wild-type male C57BL/6 mice was used. The control ischemia and reperfusion (IR) group of mice was given food and water ad libitum, while the fasting IR group was given water but not food for 12 h before ischemic insult. In 12-h fasting mice, serum liver-derived enzyme level and tissue damages due to IR were strongly suppressed. Serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) was significantly raised before ischemia and during reperfusion. Up-regulated BHB induced an increment in the expression of FOXO1 transcription factor by raising the level of acetylated histone. Antioxidative enzyme heme oxigenase 1 (HO-1), a target gene of FOXO1, then increased. Autophagy activity was also enhanced. Serum high-mobility group box 1 was remarkably lowered by the 12-h fasting, and activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome was suppressed. Consequently, inflammatory cytokine production and liver injury were reduced. Exogenous BHB administration or histone deacetylase inhibitor administration into the control fed mice ameliorated liver IRI, while FOXO1 inhibitor administration to the 12-h fasting group exacerbated liver IRI. The 12-h fasting exerted beneficial effects on the prevention of liver IRI by increasing BHB, thus up-regulating FOXO1 and HO-1, and by reducing the inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell death via the down-regulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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15
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Kageyama S, Hirao H, Nakamura K, Ke B, Zhang M, Ito T, Aziz A, Oncel D, Kaldas FM, Busuttil RW, Sosa RA, Reed EF, Araujo JA, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Recipient HO-1 inducibility is essential for posttransplant hepatic HO-1 expression and graft protection: From bench-to-bedside. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:356-367. [PMID: 30059195 PMCID: PMC6349504 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
By documenting potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, preclinical studies encourage heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-inducing regimens in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aimed to determine the importance of recipient-derived HO-1 in murine and human OLTs. Hepatic biopsies from 51 OLT patients were screened for HO-1 expression (Western blots) prior to put-in (basal) and post reperfusion (stressed) and correlated with the hepatocellular function. In parallel, livers from HO-1 proficient mice (WT; C57/BL6), subjected to ex vivo cold storage (18 hour), were transplanted to syngeneic myeloid HO-1 deficient (mHO-1 KO) or FLOX (control) hosts, and sampled postreperfusion (6 hour). In human OLT, posttransplant but not pretransplant HO-1 expression correlated negatively with ALT levels (P = .0178). High posttransplant but not pretransplant HO-1 expression trended with improved OLT survival. Compared with controls, livers transplanted into mHO-1 KO recipient mice had decreased HO-1 levels, exacerbated hepatic damage/frequency of TUNEL+ cells, increased mRNA levels coding for TNFα/CXCL1/CXCL2/CXCL10, higher frequency of Ly6G+/4HN+ neutrophils; and enhanced MPO activity. Peritoneal neutrophils from mHO-1 KO mice exhibited higher CellRox+ ratio and increased TNFα/CXCL1/CXCL2/CXCL10 expression. By demonstrating the importance of posttransplant recipient HO-1 phenotype in hepatic macrophage/neutrophil regulation and function, this translational study identifies recipient HO-1 inducibility as a novel biomarker of ischemic stress resistance in OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Takahiro Ito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Antony Aziz
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Damla Oncel
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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16
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Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. The Evolving Role of Neutrophils in Liver Transplant Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019; 6:78-89. [PMID: 31602356 PMCID: PMC6786799 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an inevitable event during liver transplantation, represents a major risk factor for the primary graft dysfunction as well as the development of acute and chronic rejection. Neutrophils, along macrophages, are pivotal in the innate immune-driven liver IRI, whereas the effective neutrophil-targeting therapies remain to be established. In this review, we summarize progress in our appreciation of the neutrophil biology and discuss neutrophil-based therapeutic perspectives. Recent Findings New technological advances enable to accurately track neutrophil movements and help to understand molecular mechanisms in neutrophil function, such as selective recruitment to IR-stressed tissue, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, or reverse migration into circulation. In addition to pro-inflammatory and tissue-destructive functions, immune regulatory and tissue-repairing phenotype associated with distinct neutrophil subsets have been identified. Summary Newly recognized and therapeutically attractive neutrophil characteristics warrant comprehensive preclinical and clinical attention to target IRI in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Glycyrrhizin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing HMGB1-dependent GSDMD-mediated kupffer cells pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 68:145-155. [PMID: 30634142 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD), a genetic substrate for inflammatory caspases, plays a central role in pyroptosis of macrophages and release of interleukin‑1β (IL-1β), but was mainly referred to microbial infection. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), served as an alarm molecule during various pathological process, has been widely recognized to be involved in liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Glycyrrhizin, a natural anti-inflammatory and antiviral triterpene in clinical use, was recently referred to have ability to prevent I/R induced liver injury by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and activity. However, the mechanisms responsible for damage amelioration subsequently to HMGB1 inhibition during liver I/R remain enigmatic. This study was designed to explore the functional role and molecular mechanism of glycyrrhizin in the regulation of I/R induced liver injury. We found that liver I/R promotes GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic cell death of Kupffer cells, which was inhibited by glycyrrhizin. Interestingly, endogenous HMGB1, not exogenous one, was involved in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced pyroptosis. Moreover, GSDMD knockdown protects kupffer cells against H/R induced pyroptosis in vitro. Here, we report, for the first time, that glycyrrhizin attenuated tissue damage and kupffer cells pyroptosis during liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and identify a previously unrecognized HMGB1- dependent GSDMD- mediated signaling pathway in the mechanism of kupffer cells pyroptosis induced by H/R. Our findings provide the first demonstration of GSDMD-determined pyroptotic cell death responsible for I/R induced release of IL-1β and this would provide a mandate to better understand the unconventional mechanisms of cytokine release in the sterile innate immune system.
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Bukong TN, Cho Y, Iracheta-Vellve A, Saha B, Lowe P, Adejumo A, Furi I, Ambade A, Gyongyosi B, Catalano D, Kodys K, Szabo G. Abnormal neutrophil traps and impaired efferocytosis contribute to liver injury and sepsis severity after binge alcohol use. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1145-1154. [PMID: 30030149 PMCID: PMC6310218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important strategy utilized by neutrophils to immobilize and kill invading microorganisms. Herein, we studied NET formation and the process of neutrophil cell death (NETosis), as well as the clearance of NETs by macrophages (MΦ) (efferocytosis) in acute sepsis following binge drinking. METHODS Healthy volunteers consumed 2 ml of vodka/kg body weight, before blood endotoxin and 16 s rDNA were measured. Peripheral neutrophils were isolated and exposed to alcohol followed by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Mice were treated with three alcohol binges and intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to assess the dynamics of NET formation and efferocytosis. In vivo, anti-Ly6G antibody (IA8) was used for neutrophil depletion. RESULTS Inducers of NETs (endotoxin and bacterial DNA) significantly increased in the circulation after binge alcohol drinking in humans. Ex vivo, alcohol alone increased NET formation, but upon PMA stimulation alcohol attenuated NET formation. Binge alcohol in mice resulted in a biphasic response to LPS. Initially, binge alcohol reduced LPS-induced NET formation and resulted in a diffuse distribution of neutrophils in the liver compared to alcohol-naïve mice. Moreover, indicators of NET formation including citrullinated histone H3, neutrophil elastase, and neutrophil myeloperoxidase were decreased at an early time point after LPS challenge in mice receiving binge alcohol, suggesting decreased NET formation. However, in the efferocytosis phase (15 h after LPS) citrullinated histone-H3 was increased in the liver in alcohol binge mice, suggesting decreased clearance of NETs. In vitro alcohol treatment reduced efferocytosis and phagocytosis of NETotic neutrophils and promoted expression of CD206 on MΦ. Finally, depletion of neutrophils prior to binge alcohol ameliorated LPS-induced systemic inflammation and liver injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional NETosis and efferocytosis following binge drinking exacerbate liver injury associated with sepsis. LAY SUMMARY Disease severity in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with a significant presence of neutrophils (a type of immune cell) in the liver. It remains unknown how alcohol affects the capacity of neutrophils to control infection, a major hallmark of ALD. We found that binge alcohol drinking impaired important strategies used by neutrophils to contain and resolve infection, resulting in increased liver injury during ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ndonyi Bukong
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Banishree Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adeyinka Adejumo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Istvan Furi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Benedek Gyongyosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Getzin T, Gueler F, Hartleben B, Gutberlet M, Thorenz A, Chen R, Meier M, Bräsen JH, Derlin T, Hartung D, Lang HAS, Haller H, Wacker F, Rong S, Hueper K. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for quantitative assessment of liver organ damage after partial hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury: correlation with histology and serum biomarkers of liver cell injury. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:4455-4464. [PMID: 29713782 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for quantitative assessment of liver organ damage after hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. METHODS Partial hepatic IRI was induced in C57Bl/6 mice (n = 31) for 35, 45, 60 and 90 min. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI was performed 1 day after surgery using a 3D-FLASH sequence. A subgroup of n = 9 animals with 60 min IRI underwent follow-up with MRI and histology 7 days after IRI. The total liver volume was determined by manual segmentation of the entire liver. The volume of functional, contrast-enhanced liver parenchyma was quantified by a region growing algorithm (visual threshold) and an automated segmentation (Otsu's method). The percentages of functional, contrast-enhanced and damaged non-enhanced parenchyma were calculated according to these volumes. MRI data was correlated with serum liver enzyme concentrations and histologically quantified organ damage using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. RESULTS The percentage of functional (contrasted) liver parenchyma decreased significantly with increasing ischaemia times (control, 94.4 ± 3.3%; 35 min IRI, 89.3 ± 4.1%; 45 min IRI, 87.9 ± 3.3%; 60 min IRI, 68 ± 10.5%, p < 0.001 vs. control; 90 min IRI, 55.9 ± 11.5%, p < 0.001 vs. control). The percentage of non-contrasted liver parenchyma correlated with histologically quantified liver organ damage (r = 0.637, p < 0.01) and serum liver enzyme elevations (AST r = 0.577, p < 0.01; ALT r = 0.536, p < 0.05). Follow-up MRI visualized recovery of functional liver parenchyma (71.5 ± 8.7% vs. 84 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05), consistent with less histological organ damage on day 7. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for non-invasive quantification of damaged liver parenchyma following IRI in mice. This novel methodology may refine the characterization of liver disease and could have application in future studies targeting liver organ damage. KEY POINTS • Prolonged ischaemia times in partial liver IRI increase liver organ damage. • Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI at hepatobiliary phase identifies damaged liver volume after hepatic IRI. • Damaged liver parenchyma quantified with MRI correlates with histological liver damage. • Hepatobiliary phase Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI enables non-invasive assessment of recovery from liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Getzin
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Gutberlet
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Thorenz
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Institue for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hartung
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannah A S Lang
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Wacker
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,The Transplantation Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Katja Hueper
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Wen G, An W, Chen J, Maguire EM, Chen Q, Yang F, Pearce SWA, Kyriakides M, Zhang L, Ye S, Nourshargh S, Xiao Q. Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Neutrophil Elastase Inhibits Experimental Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008187. [PMID: 29437605 PMCID: PMC5850208 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate whether neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a causal role in atherosclerosis, and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods and Results NE genetic–deficient mice (Apolipoprotein E−/−/NE−/− mice), bone marrow transplantation, and a specific NE inhibitor (GW311616A) were employed in this study to establish the causal role of NE in atherosclerosis. Aortic expression of NE mRNA and plasma NE activity was significantly increased in high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed wild‐type (WT) (Apolipoprotein E−/−) mice but, as expected, not in NE‐deficient mice. Selective NE knockout markedly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis and significantly increased indicators of atherosclerotic plaque stability. While plasma lipid profiles were not affected by NE deficiency, decreased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6Chi/CD11b+) were observed in NE‐deficient mice fed with an HFD for 12 weeks as compared with WT. Bone marrow reconstitution of WT mice with NE−/− bone marrow cells significantly reduced HFD‐induced atherosclerosis, while bone marrow reconstitution of NE−/− mice with WT bone marrow cells restored the pathological features of atherosclerotic plaques induced by HFD in NE‐deficient mice. In line with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of NE in WT mice through oral administration of NE inhibitor GW311616A also significantly reduced atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NE promotes foam cell formation by increasing ATP‐binding cassette transporter ABCA1 protein degradation and inhibiting macrophage cholesterol efflux. Conclusions We outlined a pathogenic role for NE in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Consequently, inhibition of NE may represent a potential therapeutic approach to treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmei Wen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eithne M Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stuart W A Pearce
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kyriakides
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Ye
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Pietronigro EC, Della Bianca V, Zenaro E, Constantin G. NETosis in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:211. [PMID: 28303140 PMCID: PMC5332471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Its neuropathological features include amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of neurons and synapses. Neuroinflammation is a well-established feature of AD pathogenesis, and a better understanding of its mechanisms could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies in transgenic mouse models of AD have shown that neutrophils adhere to blood vessels and migrate inside the parenchyma. Moreover, studies in human AD subjects have also shown that neutrophils adhere and spread inside brain vessels and invade the parenchyma, suggesting these cells play a role in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, neutrophil depletion and the therapeutic inhibition of neutrophil trafficking, achieved by blocking LFA-1 integrin in AD mouse models, significantly reduced memory loss and the neuropathological features of AD. We observed that neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) inside blood vessels and in the parenchyma of AD mice, potentially harming the blood–brain barrier and neural cells. Furthermore, confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of NETs inside the cortical vessels and parenchyma of subjects with AD, providing more evidence that neutrophils and NETs play a role in AD-related tissue destruction. The discovery of NETs inside the AD brain suggests that these formations may exacerbate neuro-inflammatory processes, promoting vascular and parenchymal damage during AD. The inhibition of NET formation has achieved therapeutic benefits in several models of chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases affecting the brain. Therefore, the targeting of NETs may delay AD pathogenesis and offer a novel approach for the treatment of this increasingly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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22
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Tian Y, Wang J, Wang W, Ding Y, Sun Z, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xie H, Yan S, Zheng S. Mesenchymal stem cells improve mouse non-heart-beating liver graft survival by inhibiting Kupffer cell apoptosis via TLR4-ERK1/2-Fas/FasL-caspase3 pathway regulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 2778867410.1186/s13287-016-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Liver transplantation is the optimal treatment option for end-stage liver disease, but organ shortages dramatically restrict its application. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) is an alternative approach that may expand the donor pool, but it faces challenges such as graft dysfunction, early graft loss, and cholangiopathy. Moreover, DCD liver grafts are no longer eligible for transplantation after their warm ischaemic time exceeds 30 min. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising therapy for treatment of certain liver diseases, but the role of MSCs in DCD liver graft function remains elusive.
Methods
In this study, we established an arterialized mouse non-heart-beating (NHB) liver transplantation model, and compared survival rates, cytokine and chemokine expression, histology, and the results of in vitro co-culture experiments in animals with or without MSC infusion.
Results
MSCs markedly ameliorated NHB liver graft injury and improved survival post-transplantation. Additionally, MSCs suppressed Kupffer cell apoptosis, Th1/Th17 immune responses, chemokine expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In vitro, PGE2 secreted by MSCs inhibited Kupffer cell apoptosis via TLR4-ERK1/2-caspase3 pathway regulation.
Conclusion
Our study uncovers a protective role for MSCs and elucidates the underlying immunomodulatory mechanism in an NHB liver transplantation model. Our results suggest that MSCs are uniquely positioned for use in future clinical studies owing to their ability to protect DCD liver grafts, particularly in patients for whom DCD organs are not an option according to current criteria.
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23
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Tian Y, Wang J, Wang W, Ding Y, Sun Z, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xie H, Yan S, Zheng S. Mesenchymal stem cells improve mouse non-heart-beating liver graft survival by inhibiting Kupffer cell apoptosis via TLR4-ERK1/2-Fas/FasL-caspase3 pathway regulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:157. [PMID: 27788674 PMCID: PMC5084468 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the optimal treatment option for end-stage liver disease, but organ shortages dramatically restrict its application. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) is an alternative approach that may expand the donor pool, but it faces challenges such as graft dysfunction, early graft loss, and cholangiopathy. Moreover, DCD liver grafts are no longer eligible for transplantation after their warm ischaemic time exceeds 30 min. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising therapy for treatment of certain liver diseases, but the role of MSCs in DCD liver graft function remains elusive. METHODS In this study, we established an arterialized mouse non-heart-beating (NHB) liver transplantation model, and compared survival rates, cytokine and chemokine expression, histology, and the results of in vitro co-culture experiments in animals with or without MSC infusion. RESULTS MSCs markedly ameliorated NHB liver graft injury and improved survival post-transplantation. Additionally, MSCs suppressed Kupffer cell apoptosis, Th1/Th17 immune responses, chemokine expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In vitro, PGE2 secreted by MSCs inhibited Kupffer cell apoptosis via TLR4-ERK1/2-caspase3 pathway regulation. CONCLUSION Our study uncovers a protective role for MSCs and elucidates the underlying immunomodulatory mechanism in an NHB liver transplantation model. Our results suggest that MSCs are uniquely positioned for use in future clinical studies owing to their ability to protect DCD liver grafts, particularly in patients for whom DCD organs are not an option according to current criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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24
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Jiang D, Muschhammer J, Qi Y, Kügler A, de Vries JC, Saffarzadeh M, Sindrilaru A, Beken SV, Wlaschek M, Kluth MA, Ganss C, Frank NY, Frank MH, Preissner KT, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Suppression of Neutrophil-Mediated Tissue Damage-A Novel Skill of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2393-406. [PMID: 27299700 PMCID: PMC5572139 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Though of prime interest, their potentially protective role on neutrophil-induced tissue damage, associated with high morbidity and mortality, has not been explored in sufficient detail. Here we report the therapeutic skill of MSCs to suppress unrestrained neutrophil activation and to attenuate severe tissue damage in a murine immune-complex mediated vasculitis model of unbalanced neutrophil activation. MSC-mediated neutrophil suppression was due to intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent engulfment of neutrophils by MSCs, decreasing overall neutrophil numbers. Similar to MSCs in their endogenous niche of murine and human vasculitis, therapeutically injected MSCs via upregulation of the extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), reduced super-oxide anion concentrations and consequently prevented neutrophil death, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and spillage of matrix degrading neutrophil elastase, gelatinase and myeloperoxidase. SOD3-silenced MSCs did not exert tissue protective effects. Thus, MSCs hold substantial therapeutic promise to counteract tissue damage in conditions with unrestrained neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Kügler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mona Saffarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Seppe Vander Beken
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Division of Genetics, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (β3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury.
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26
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Equal distribution of mesenchymal stem cells after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2016; 203:360-7. [PMID: 27363644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes of hepatocellular injury-related mortality and morbidity after liver transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to reduce liver I/R injury and improve regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the difference in the distribution of systemically delivered MSCs in the recipient's liver between the ischemic injury area and nonischemic area. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fishers' rats (7-8 week of age) were used as donors of MSCs and recipients. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from the donor's femur. Before systemic administration, MSCs were labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH26. The rats were divided into four groups: (1) I/R injury + MSC group, (2) MSC only, without I/R injury, (3) I/R injury + saline group, and (4) the Sham group. I/R injury was performed by clamping the inflow vascular structures of the left and middle lobes of the recipient's liver for 60 min. The right lobe was considered as a nonischemic part. Subsequently, 1.5 × 10(6) of MSCs or saline (NaCl, 0.9%) was administrated via the rat's tail vein. Thereafter, the rats were killed after days one, three, or seven for the analyses. RESULTS A fluorescent microscopy assay for labeled MSCs showed positive cells in both ischemic and nonischemic parts of the recipient's liver. The number of cells was significantly higher in the I/R injury + MSC group compared with the only MSC, without I/R injury group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there was no significant difference in the proliferation of Ki-67-positive cells between the I/R + MSCs and I/R + saline groups. In addition, the serum transaminase levels were not different between the I/R + MSCs and I/R + saline groups. CONCLUSIONS After partial liver I/R injury, transplanted MSCs migrate equally to the ischemic and nonischemic parts of the recipient's liver. Considering the unique ability of the liver to regenerate, both parts of the liver presumably receive signals for regeneration.
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27
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Li SS, Cui N, Yang Y, Trower TC, Wei YM, Wu Y, Zhang S, Jin X, Jiang C. Impairment of the Vascular KATP Channel Imposes Fatal Susceptibility to Experimental Diabetes Due to Multi-Organ Injuries. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2915-26. [PMID: 25825210 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vascular isoform of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP ) channels regulates blood flow to all organs. The KATP channel is strongly inhibited by reactive oxygen and carbonyl species produced in diabetic tissue inflammation. To address how such channel inhibition impacts vascular regulation as well as tissue viability, we performed studies in experimental diabetic mice. Strikingly, we found that knockout of the Kcnj8 encoding Kir6.1 subunit (Kcnj8-KO) caused mice to be fatally susceptible to diabetes. Organ perfusion studies suggested that the lack of this vascular K(+) channel handicapped activity-dependent vasodilation, leading to hypoperfusion, tissue hypoxia, and multi-organ failure. Morphologically, Kcnj8-KO mice showed greater inflammatory cell infiltration, higher levels of expression of inflammation indicator proteins, more severe cell apoptosis, and worse tissue disruptions. These were observed in the kidney, liver, and heart under diabetic condition in parallel comparison to tissues from WT mice. Patch clamping and molecular studies showed that the KATP channel was S-glutathionylated in experimental diabetes contributing to the inhibition of channel activity as well as the reduced arterial responses to vasodilators. These results suggest that the vascular KATP channel is organ protective in diabetic condition, and since the channel is suppressed by diabetic oxidative stress, therapeutical interventions to the maintenance of functional KATP channels may help to lower or prevent diabetic organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia.,Harbin Medical University School of Pharmacy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ningren Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy C Trower
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yu-Min Wei
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Hirao H, Uchida Y, Kadono K, Tanaka H, Niki T, Yamauchi A, Hata K, Watanabe T, Terajima H, Uemoto S. The protective function of galectin-9 in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:969-81. [PMID: 25931247 PMCID: PMC4744675 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has gained attention as a multifaceted player in adaptive and innate immunity. To elucidate the role of Gal-9, we used a mouse model of partial liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with wild type (WT) and Gal-9 knockout (KO) mice as well as a recombinant galectin-9 (reGal-9) protein. We found that the expression of Gal-9 was enhanced endogenously in the liver especially by hepatocytes and Kupffer cells during warm IRI for a mouse liver, which causes massive destruction of liver tissue. Gal-9 was released into the extracellular space in the liver and the highest levels in the plasma at 1 hour after reperfusion. The present study elucidates a novel role of Gal-9 signaling in mouse liver IRI, by using Gal-9-deficient mice and a stable form of reGal-9 protein. In the circumstance of Gal-9 absence, liver damage due to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) exacerbated the severity as compared with WT. On the other hand, exogenously administered reGal-9 significantly ameliorated hepatocellular damage. It decreased the local infiltration of the inflammatory cells such as T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and it reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines; then, it strongly suppressed the apoptosis of the liver cells. Interestingly, severe liver damage due to IR in Gal-9 KO mice was improved by the administration of reGal-9. In conclusion, Gal-9 engagement ameliorated local inflammation and liver damage induced by IR, and the present study suggests a significant role of Gal-9 in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. In conclusion, targeting Gal-9 represents a novel approach to protect from inflammation such as liver IRI. Exogenous Gal-9 treatment will be a new therapeutic strategy against innate immunity-dominated liver tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.,GalPharma Co., Ltd., Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Department of Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Wang X, Jiang Z, Xing M, Fu J, Su Y, Sun L, Zhang L. Interleukin-17 mediates triptolide-induced liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:33-41. [PMID: 24949944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury can be attributed to the Th17/Treg imbalance with the enhancement of the expansion of Th17 cells and suppression of the production of Tregs, especially the significant increase of interleukin (IL)-17 secreted by helper T (Th) 17 cells. To further investigate the involvement of IL-17-mediated immune response in the TP-induced hepatotoxicity, we examined the plasma transaminase, histopathological changes, hepatic frequencies of Th17 cells, hepatic expression of transcriptional factors and cytokines genes and plasma IL-17 levels after administration of TP (600 μg/kg) by oral gavage to female C57BL/6 mice. Mice treated with TP displayed acute liver injury with significantly increased hepatic frequencies of Th17 cells, mRNA expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt and plasma IL-17 level as well as the plasma ALT and AST. Neutralization study using anti-IL-17 antibody ameliorated TP-induced liver injury. In contrast, when challenged by coadministration of recombinant IL-17, hepatotoxicity was exacerbated in the triptolide-administered mice. In summary, this report was demonstrated for the first time that IL-17-mediated immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of TP-induced liver injury in mice, which may shed light on the mechanisms of TP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Mengtao Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jing Fu
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuwen Su
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Sakai S, Tajima H, Miyashita T, Nakanuma SI, Makino I, Hayashi H, Nakagawara H, Kitagawa H, Fushida S, Fujimura T, Saito H, Munesue S, Yamamoto Y, Ohta T. Sivelestat sodium hydrate inhibits neutrophil migration to the vessel wall and suppresses hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:787-94. [PMID: 24318803 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sivelestat sodium hydrate (sivelestat) is a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor that is effective in treating acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. As such, it may be useful in treating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a condition in which neutrophils transmigrate into the interstitium, leading to release of neutrophil elastase from neutrophils and consequent damage to the affected tissue, particularly in cases of hepatic failure after liver transplantation or massive liver resection. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine whether treatment with sivelestat inhibits neutrophil adhesion and migration to the vessel wall and suppresses hepatic IRI. METHODS Whether and, if so, the extent to which sivelestat suppresses the adhesion and migration of neutrophils and reduces liver damage in hepatic IRI was examined in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model and a rat hepatic IRI model. RESULTS In the HUVEC model, the extent of the adhesion and migration of neutrophils stimulated by platelet-activating factor were found to be dose-dependently inhibited by sivelestat treatment (p < 0.05). In the rat model, serum liver enzyme levels were significantly lower at 12 h after reperfusion, and the number of neutrophils that had migrated to extravascular sites was significantly less in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sivelestat inhibits the adhesion and migration of neutrophils to vascular endothelium in hepatic IRI, thereby suppressing liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seisho Sakai
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan,
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Shimizu K, Ogawa F, Hara T, Yoshizaki A, Muroi E, Yanaba K, Akiyama Y, Yamaoka T, Sato S. Exogenous application of hydrogen sulfide donor attenuates inflammatory reactions through the L-selectin-involved pathway in the cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:573-84. [PMID: 23381473 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S has been highlighted recently as an endogenous, gaseous signaling molecule, especially in inflammations. The deposition of IC induces an acute inflammatory response with tissue injury. To assess the roles of H2S in the IC-induced diseases, the cutaneous, reverse passive Arthus reaction was conducted using NaHS as a H2S donor. Furthermore, we conducted similar experiments using selectin(-/-) mice to determine the involvement of selectin molecules in the H2S-mediated pathway. Exogenous application of NaHS dramatically attenuated inflammatory reactions in WT mice associated with Arthus reaction. Namely, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and neutrophil numbers were reduced significantly in the lesional skins of NaHS-treated WT mice relative to untreated ones. NaHS treatment significantly reduced these three parameters in the lesional skins of E- and P-selectin(-/-) mice but not in those of L-selectin(-/-) mice. Quite similar results were obtained in the blocking study using WT mice injected with mAb to E-, P-, and L-selectin. Our results indicated that the exogenous application of NaHS attenuates inflammatory responses in reverse passive Arthus reaction through a L-selectin-involved pathway but not through E- or P-selectin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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DÍAZ-GARCÍA CÉSAR, AKHI SHAMIMAN, MARTÍNEZ-VAREA ALICIA, BRÄNNSTRÖM MATS. The effect of warm ischemia at uterus transplantation in a rat model. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 92:152-9. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evankovich J, Zhang R, Cardinal JS, Zhang L, Chen J, Huang H, Beer-Stolz D, Billiar TR, Rosengart MR, Tsung A. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV limits organ damage in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through induction of autophagy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G189-98. [PMID: 22575222 PMCID: PMC3404570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00051.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammatory insults, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, result from pathogenic factors, including damage-associated molecular pattern signaling, activation of innate immunity, and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. At the same time, a number of protective, or prosurvival, pathways are also activated, and the extent of end-organ damage is ultimately determined by the balance between these two systems. In liver I/R, members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family are known to be activated, but their individual roles are largely unknown. In this study, we show that one CaMK member, CaMKIV, is protective in hepatic I/R by activating the prosurvival pathway of autophagy in hepatocytes. CaMKIV knockout mice experience significantly worse organ damage after I/R and are deficient in hepatocyte autophagic signaling. Restoration of autophagic signaling with rapamycin reduces organ damage in CaMKIV knockout mice to wild-type levels. In vitro, we show that CaMKIV activation induces autophagy in mouse hepatocytes, and that CaMKIV activation protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell death. In conclusion, the protective autophagic signaling pathway serves to reduce organ damage following I/R and is regulated by activation of CaMKIV signaling in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Evankovich
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jon S. Cardinal
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Junda Chen
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Hai Huang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Donna Beer-Stolz
- 2Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Matthew R. Rosengart
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Allan Tsung
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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van Golen RF, van Gulik TM, Heger M. The sterile immune response during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:69-84. [PMID: 22609105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion elicits an immune response that lacks a microbial constituent yet poses a potentially lethal threat to the host. In this sterile setting, the immune system is alarmed by endogenous danger signals that are release by stressed and dying liver cells. The detection of these immunogenic messengers by sentinel leukocyte populations constitutes the proximal trigger for a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation, in which consecutive waves of cytokines and chemokines orchestrate the influx of various leukocyte subsets that ultimately confer tissue destruction. This review focuses on the temporal organization of sterile hepatic inflammation, using surgery-induced trauma as a template disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F van Golen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Golen RF, van Gulik TM, Heger M. Mechanistic overview of reactive species-induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1382-402. [PMID: 22326617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are covered by a delicate meshwork of glycoproteins known as the glycocalyx. Under normophysiological conditions the glycocalyx plays an active role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by deterring primary and secondary hemostasis and leukocyte adhesion and by regulating vascular permeability and tone. During (micro)vascular oxidative and nitrosative stress, which prevails in numerous metabolic (diabetes), vascular (atherosclerosis, hypertension), and surgical (ischemia/reperfusion injury, trauma) disease states, the glycocalyx is oxidatively and nitrosatively modified and degraded, which culminates in an exacerbation of the underlying pathology. Consequently, glycocalyx degradation due to oxidative/nitrosative stress has far-reaching clinical implications. In this review the molecular mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced destruction of the endothelial glycocalyx are addressed in the context of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury as a model disease state. Specifically, the review focuses on (i) the mechanisms of glycocalyx degradation during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, (ii) the molecular and cellular players involved in the degradation process, and (iii) its implications for hepatic pathophysiology. These topics are projected against a background of liver anatomy, glycocalyx function and structure, and the biology/biochemistry and the sources/targets of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The majority of the glycocalyx-related mechanisms elucidated for hepatic ischemia/reperfusion are extrapolatable to the other aforementioned disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F van Golen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Machida T, Tanemura M, Ohmura Y, Tanida T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Eguchi H, Ito T, Nagano H, Mori M, Doki Y, Sawa Y. Significant improvement in islet yield and survival with modified ET-Kyoto solution: ET-Kyoto/Neutrophil elastase inhibitor. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:159-73. [PMID: 22472201 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x637028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation can achieve insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes, sufficient number of islets derived from two or more donors is usually required to achieve normoglycemia. Activated neutrophils and neutrophil elastase (NE), which is released from these neutrophils, can directly cause injury in islet grafts. We hypothesized that inhibition of NE improves islet isolation and islet allograft survival. We tested our hypothesis by examining the effects of modified ET-Kyoto solution supplemented with sivelestat, a NE inhibitor (S-Kyoto solution), on islet yield and viability in islet isolation and the effect of intraperitoneally injected sivelestat on islet graft survival in a mouse allotransplant model. NE and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 increased markedly at the end of warm digestion during islet isolation and exhibited direct cytotoxic activity against the islets causing their apoptosis. The use of S-Kyoto solution significantly improved islet yield and viability. Furthermore, treatment with sivelestat resulted in significant prolongation of islet allograft survival in recipient mice. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at 1 and 2 weeks posttransplantation were significantly higher in islet recipients than before transplantation. Our results indicated that NE released from activated neutrophils negatively affects islet survival and that its suppression both in vitro and in vivo improved islet yield and prolonged islet graft survival. The results suggest that inhibition of NE activity could be potentially useful in islet transplantation for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Machida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Ke B, Shen XD, Ji H, Kamo N, Gao F, Freitas MCS, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. HO-1-STAT3 axis in mouse liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: regulation of TLR4 innate responses through PI3K/PTEN signaling. J Hepatol 2012; 56:359-66. [PMID: 21756853 PMCID: PMC3444295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a key mediator of anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling, is essential for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-induced cytoprotection. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog delete on chromosome 10 (PTEN) pathways regulate diverse innate immune responses. This study was designed to investigate the role of STAT3 in the regulation of PI3K/PTEN cascade after HO-1 induction in a mouse model of innate immune-dominated liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS Partial warm ischemia was produced in the left and middle hepatic lobes of C57BL/6 mice for 90 min, followed by 6h of reperfusion. RESULTS Mice subjected to Ad-HO-1 transfer were resistant to liver IRI, and this cytoprotective effect correlated with increased intrahepatic PI3K/Akt and diminished PTEN expression. In contrast, mice undergoing adjunctive Ad-HO-1 treatment and STAT3 knockdown (siRNA) remained susceptible to IR-mediated local inflammatory response and hepatocellular damage. Consistent with decreased cell apoptosis and inhibited TLR4 expression after PI3K/Akt activation, treatment with specific PI3k inhibitor increased local inflammation and recreated liver IRI despite Ad-HO-1 gene transfer. Parallel in vitro studies with bone marrow derived-macrophages have confirmed that HO-1-STAT3 axis-induced PI3K/Akt negatively regulated PTEN expression in TLR4-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the role of HO-1 induced STAT3 in modulating PI3K/PTEN in liver IRI cascade. Activating PI3K/Akt provides negative feedback mechanism for TLR4-driven inflammation. Identifying molecular pathways of STAT3 modulation in the innate immune system provides the rationale for novel therapeutic approaches for the management of liver inflammation and IRI in transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Ke
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 957054, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Gobbetti T, Cenac N, Motta JP, Rolland C, Martin L, Andrade-Gordon P, Steinhoff M, Barocelli E, Vergnolle N. Serine protease inhibition reduces post-ischemic granulocyte recruitment in mouse intestine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:141-52. [PMID: 22067907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteases and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) activation are involved in several intestinal inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that serine proteases and PAR activation could also modulate the intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed or not by reperfusion. Sham-operated animals served as controls. After ischemia, plasma and tissue serine protease activity levels were increased compared to the activity measured in plasma and tissues from sham-operated mice. This increase was maintained or further enhanced after 2 and 5 hours of reperfusion, respectively. Trypsin (25 kDa) was detected in tissues both after ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Treatment with FUT-175 (10 mg/kg), a potent serine protease inhibitor, increased survival after I-R, inhibited tissue protease activity, and significantly decreased intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and chemokine and adhesion molecule expression. We investigated whether serine proteases modulate granulocyte recruitment by a PAR-dependent mechanism. MPO levels and adhesion molecule expression were significantly reduced in I-R groups pre-treated with the PAR(1) antagonist SCH-79797 (5 mg/kg) and in Par(2)(-/-)mice, compared, respectively, to vehicle-treated group and wild-type littermates. Thus, increased proteolytic activity and PAR activation play a pathogenic role in intestinal I-R injury. Inhibition of PAR-activating serine proteases could be beneficial to reduce post-ischemic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- INSERM, U1043, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of acute renal failure after kidney transplantation. This study was designed to analyze the role of type I interferon (IFN) signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor 2/Toll-like receptor 4 activation in the mechanism of I/R-triggered kidney damage. METHODS Local warm ischemia was induced in groups wild-type (WT) and type I IFN receptor (IFNAR)-/- mice (C57BL/6) by clamping both kidney pedicles for 45 min. Mice were killed at 5/24/72 hr after reperfusion for serum and kidney sampling. RESULTS At 5 hr, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were markedly reduced in IFNAR-/- mice as compared with WT. By 24 hr after reperfusion, both serum creatinine/blood urea nitrogen in WT increased further, whereas those in IFNAR-/- mice remained comparable with sham controls. Histological analyses showed significantly higher percentage of tubules in the outer medulla displaying cell necrosis, loss of the brush border, cast formation and tubular dilatation in WT mice, as compared with IFNAR-/-. Immunohistology revealed increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the outer medulla in WT mice. The expression of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and CXCL-2 was markedly reduced selectively in IFNAR-/- mice. Finally, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis showed significantly decreased frequency of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells in IFNAR-deficient mice, as compared with WT. CONCLUSION This is the first report, which documents the key role of type I IFN signaling in the mechanism of kidney I/R injury. Type I IFN may thus serve as a novel target for the therapy against renal I/R injury.
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Uchida Y, Ke B, Freitas MCS, Yagita H, Akiba H, Busuttil RW, Najafian N, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 determines severity of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice in a TLR4-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:2195-206. [PMID: 20637206 PMCID: PMC2970711 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) genes are expressed by T cells and regulate host immunity and tolerance. CD4(+) T cells mediate innate immunity-dominated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by unknown mechanisms. TIM-1 is involved in liver IRI, which is activated in part by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4; we investigated the role of TIM-3 and TLR4 in IRI. METHODS Using an antibody against TIM-3 (anti-TIM-3), we studied TIM-3 signaling in mice following partial warm liver ischemia and reperfusion. RESULTS Mice given anti-TIM-3 had more liver damage than controls. Histological studies revealed that anti-TIM-3 increased hepatocellular damage and local neutrophil infiltration, facilitated local accumulation of T cells and macrophages, and promoted liver cell apoptosis. Intrahepatic neutrophil activity; induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and expression of cleaved caspase-3, nuclear factor-κB, and TLR4 all increased in mice given anti-TIM-3. Administration of anti-TIM-3 followed by anti-galectin-9 (Gal-9 is a TIM-3 ligand) increased production of interferon-γ by concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated spleen T cells and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in ConA-stimulated macrophages co-cultured with T cells. Anti-TIM-3 did not affect liver IRI in TLR4-deficient mice. CONCLUSION TIM-3 blockade exacerbated local inflammation and liver damage, indicating the importance of TIM-3-Gal-9 signaling in maintaining hepatic homeostasis. TIM-3-TLR4 cross-regulation determined the severity of liver IRI in TLR4-dependent manner; these findings provide important information about the modulation of innate vs adaptive responses in patients that received liver transplants. Negative co-stimulation signaling by hepatic T-cells might be developed to minimize innate immunity-mediated liver tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Uchida
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bibo Ke
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maria Cecilia S Freitas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nader Najafian
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Address correspondence to: Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, MD, PhD. Dumont - UCLA Transplant Center 77-120 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-4196; Fax: (310) 267-2358;
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Klune JR, Tsung A. Molecular biology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: established mechanisms and recent advancements. Surg Clin North Am 2010; 90:665-77. [PMID: 20637940 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in a variety of clinical contexts, including transplantation, liver resection surgery, trauma, and hypovolemic shock. The mechanism of organ damage after I/R has been studied extensively and consists of complex interactions of multiple inflammatory pathways. The major contributors to I/R injury include production of reactive oxygen species, release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and activation of immune cells to promote inflammation and tissue damage. Recent research has focused on the mechanisms by which these immune responses are initially activated through signaling molecules and their cellular receptors. Thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of liver I/R may yield novel therapeutic strategies to reduce I/R injury and lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Klune
- Department of Surgery, F675 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Protein targets of inflammatory serine proteases and cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:45. [PMID: 20804552 PMCID: PMC2936362 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases are a key component of the inflammatory response as they are discharged from activated leukocytes and mast cells or generated through the coagulation cascade. Their enzymatic activity plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms but it has also an impact on vascular homeostasis and tissue remodeling. Here we focus on the biological role of serine proteases in the context of cardiovascular disease and their mechanism(s) of action in determining specific vascular and tissue phenotypes. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate serine protease effects; however, these proteases also exert a number of biological activities independent of PARs as they target specific protein substrates implicated in vascular remodeling and the development of cardiovascular disease thus controlling their activities. In this review both PAR-dependent and -independent mechanisms of action of serine proteases are discussed for their relevance to vascular homeostasis and structural/functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. The elucidation of these mechanisms will lead to a better understanding of the molecular forces that control vascular and tissue homeostasis and to effective preventative and therapeutic approaches.
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DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706656 PMCID: PMC2913853 DOI: 10.1155/2010/672395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) include endogenous intracellular molecules released by activated or necrotic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are upregulated upon injury or degraded following tissue damage. DAMPs are vital danger signals that alert our immune system to tissue damage upon both infectious and sterile insult. DAMP activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces inflammatory gene expression to mediate tissue repair. However, DAMPs have also been implicated in diseases where excessive inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, and atherosclerosis. TLR activation by DAMPs may initiate positive feedback loops where increasing tissue damage perpetuates pro-inflammatory responses leading to chronic inflammation. Here we explore the current knowledge about distinct signalling cascades resulting from self TLR activation. We also discuss the involvement of endogenous TLR activators in disease and highlight how specifically targeting DAMPs may yield therapies that do not globally suppress the immune system.
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The protective function of neutrophil elastase inhibitor in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplantation 2010; 89:1050-6. [PMID: 20160675 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181d45a98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND.: A neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor, Sivelestat, has been approved for the treatment of acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammation in humans. Some reports have also shown its protective effects in liver inflammatory states. We have recently documented the importance of NE in the pathophysiology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a local Ag-independent inflammation response. This study was designed to explore putative cytoprotective functions of clinically available Sivelestat in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS.: Partial warm ischemia was produced in the left and middle hepatic lobes of C57BL/6 mice for 90 min, followed by 6 or 24 hr of reperfusion. The mice were given Sivelestat (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) at 10 min before ischemia, 10 min before reperfusion, and at 1 and 3 hr of reperfusion thereafter. RESULTS.: Sivelestat treatment significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase levels and NE activity, when compared with controls. Histological liver examination has revealed that unlike in controls, Sivelestat ameliorated the hepatocellular damage and decreased local neutrophil activity and infiltration. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and CXCL-10), and toll-like receptor 4 was significantly reduced in the treatment group, along with diminished apoptosis through caspase-3 pathway. Moreover, in vitro studies confirmed downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine programs in mouse macrophage cell cultures, along with depression of innate toll-like receptor 4 signaling. CONCLUSION.: Sivelestat-mediated NE inhibition may represent an effective therapeutic option in liver transplantation and other inflammation disease states.
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Uchida Y, Ke B, Freitas MCS, Ji H, Zhao D, Benjamin ER, Najafian N, Yagita H, Akiba H, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. The emerging role of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 in the mechanism of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in the mouse. Hepatology 2010; 51:1363-72. [PMID: 20091883 PMCID: PMC3066468 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecules (TIM) protein family, which is expressed by T cells, plays a crucial role in regulating host adaptive immunity and tolerance. However, its role in local inflammation, such as innate immunity-dominated organ ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), remains unknown. Liver IRI occurs frequently after major hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Using an antagonistic anti-TIM-1 antibody (Ab), we studied the role of TIM-1 signaling in the model of partial warm liver ischemia followed by reperfusion. Anti-TIM-1 Ab monotherapy ameliorated the hepatocellular damage and improved liver function due to IR, as compared with controls. Histological examination has revealed that anti-TIM-1 Ab treatment decreased local neutrophil infiltration, inhibited sequestration of T lymphocytes, macrophages, TIM-1 ligand-expressing TIM-4(+) cells, and reduced liver cell apoptosis. Intrahepatic neutrophil activity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were also reduced in the treatment group. In parallel in vitro studies, anti-TIM-1 Ab suppressed interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in concanavalin A (conA)-stimulated spleen T cells, and diminished tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)/interleukin (IL)-6 expression in a macrophage/spleen T cell coculture system. This is the first study to provide evidence for the novel role of TIM-1 signaling in the mechanism of liver IRI. TIM-1 regulates not only T for the role of cell activation but may also affect macrophage function in the local inflammation response. These results provide compelling data for further investigation of TIM-1 pathway in the mechanism of IRI, to improve liver function, expand the organ donor pool, and improve the overall success of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Uchida
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bibo Ke
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maria Cecilia S Freitas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Haofeng Ji
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Danyun Zhao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth R Benjamin
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nader Najafian
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Address correspondence to: Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, MD, PhD. Dumont - UCLA Transplant Center 77-120 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-4196; Fax: (310) 267-2358;
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Pei GH, Liang J, Song WL, Wang ZP, Mo CB. Preconditioning of pancreatic graft with isoproterenol reduces posttransplant ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:871-876. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i9.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the protective effects of isoproterenol preconditioning (IPC) against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats after pancreas transplantation and to explore mechanisms involved.
METHODS: The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pancreas of rats undergoing IPC was detected at different time points after IPC. A rat model of posttransplant pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established. The donor rats that showed high expression of HSP70 in the pancreas were used as experiment group, while donor rats that did not undergo IPC were used as control group. The blood and pancreatic samples were taken 6 h after pancreas transplantation. The expression of HSP70 in the pancreas was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression of TNF-α in the pancreas was detected by immunohistochemistry. Serum amylase was determined by iodine colorimetry. The apoptosis rate of pancreatic cells was determined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: The expression level of HSP70 in the pancreas of donor rats reached the peak at 24 h after IPC, which was significantly higher than those at other time points (0.92 ± 0.25 vs 0.24 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.06, 0.58 ± 0.07, 0.62 ± 0.11 and 0.25 ± 0.09, respectively; all P < 0.05). The expression levels of HSP70 in the experimental group at 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after IPC were significantly higher than those in the control group at corresponding time points (0.34 ± 0.06 vs 0.28 ± 0.07, 0.58 ± 0.07vs 0.25 ± 0.04, 0.92 ± 0.25 vs 0.27 ± 0.05 and 0.62 ± 0.11 vs 0.25 ± 0.06, respectively; all P < 0.05) but returned to normal level at 48 h. No significant differences were noted in the expression levels of HSP70 among each time point in the control group. HSP70 was mainly expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and the vessel wall. The expression level of TNF-α, apoptosis rate, neutrophil count and serum amylase significantly increased in the control group when compared with those in sham-operated group (all P < 0.01). However, the levels of these parameters significantly decreased in the experiment group when compared with those in the control group (11 929 ± 1 220 vs 46 111 ± 3 127, 26.7% ± 4.5% vs 37.4% ± 4.7%, 3 308 ± 531 vs6 668 ± 1 506 and 1 057 IU/L± 148 IU/L vs 1 408 IU/L± 195 IU/L, respectively; all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Isoproterenol preconditioning reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats after pancreas transplantation perhaps by inducing the production of HSP70.
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