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Lim YJ, Choi JH, Mun SJ, Kim J, Bong KW. Real-Time Signal Analysis with Wider Dynamic Range and Enhanced Sensitivity in Multiplex Colorimetric Immunoassays Using Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7204-7211. [PMID: 38662417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous quantification of multiple proteins is crucial for accurate medical diagnostics. A promising technology, the multiplex colorimetric immunoassay using encoded hydrogel microparticles, has garnered attention, due to its simplicity and multiplex capabilities. However, it encounters challenges related to its dynamic range, as it relies solely on the colorimetric signal analysis of encoded hydrogel microparticles at the specific time point (i.e., end-point analysis). This necessitates the precise determination of the optimal time point for the termination of the colorimetric reaction. In this study, we introduce real-time signal analysis to quantify proteins by observing the continuous colorimetric signal change within the encoded hydrogel microparticles. Real-time signal analysis measures the "slope", the rate of the colorimetric signal generation, by focusing on the kinetics of the accumulation of colorimetric products instead of the colorimetric signal that appears at the end point. By developing a deep learning-based automatic analysis program that automatically reads the code of the graphically encoded hydrogel microparticles and obtains the slope by continuously tracking the colorimetric signal, we achieved high accuracy and high throughput analysis. This technology has secured a dynamic range more than twice as wide as that of the conventional end-point signal analysis, simultaneously achieving a sensitivity that is 4-10 times higher. Finally, as a demonstration of application, we performed multiplex colorimetric immunoassays using real-time signal analysis covering a wide concentration range of protein targets associated with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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2
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Systolic Nanofabrication of Super-Resolved Photonics and Biomimetics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122418. [PMID: 33287194 PMCID: PMC7761641 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systolic nanofabrication is demonstrated via conformal downsizing of three-dimensional micropatterned monolithic master-casts made of extremely nanoporous aerogel and xerogel materials. The porous solid skeleton collapses by thermal treatment, generating miniaturized replicas, which preserve the original stereometric forms and incorporate minified nanoscale patterns. Paradigmatic holographic and biomimetic nanoarchitectures are conformally downsized by ~4×, yielding subwavelength surface features of less than ~150 nm. The operations demonstrate the super-resolution capabilities of this alternative concept and its potential evolution to an innovative nanotechnology of the future.
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3
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Juthani N, Doyle PS. A platform for multiplexed colorimetric microRNA detection using shape-encoded hydrogel particles. Analyst 2020; 145:5134-5140. [PMID: 32567641 PMCID: PMC7392806 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a platform utilizing a reporter enzyme, which produces a chromogenic indigo precipitate that preferentially localizes within a hydrogel microparticle. The 3D network of the hydrogel maintains the rapid target binding kinetics found in solution, while multiplexed target detection is achieved through shape-encoding of the particles. Moreover, the precipitate-laden hydrogels can be imaged with a simple phone camera setup. We used this system to detect microRNA (miRNA) down to 0.22 fmol. We then showed the compatibility of this system with real samples by performing multiplexed miRNA measurements from total RNA from matched colon cancer and normal adjacent tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Juthani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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4
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A versatile method for the UVA-induced cross-linking of acetophenone- or benzophenone-functionalized DNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16484. [PMID: 30405165 PMCID: PMC6220319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation, biosensing, bioimaging, bionanomaterials, etc., are only a few examples of application of functionalized DNA. Since base-modified nucleic acids contribute not only to a broad range of biotechnological fields but also to the understanding of various cellular processes, it is crucial to design novel modifications with unique properties. Here, we demonstrate the utilization of N4-cytidine modified oligonucleotides, which contain reactive acetophenone (AP) or benzophenone (BP) groups, for the UV-induced cross-linking. We find that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 3'-tailing using AP/BP-containing modified nucleotides generates photoactive DNA, suitable for a straightforward covalent cross-linking with both interacting proteins and a variety of well-known solid polymeric supports. Moreover, we show that AP/BP-functionalization of nucleic acid molecules induces an efficient cross-linking upon exposure to UVA light. Our findings reveal that 3'-tailed single-stranded DNA bearing AP/BP-moieties is easily photoimmobilized onto untreated polystyrene, polypropylene, polylactate, polydimethylsiloxane, sol-gel and borosilicate glass substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such immobilized DNA probes can be further used for successful hybridization of complementary DNA targets. Our results establish novel N4-cytosine nucleobase modifications as photoreactive labels and suggest an effortless approach for photoimmobilization of nucleic acids.
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Zhang X, Han F, Niu Y. Chaotic Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Bit Permutation and Dynamic DNA Encoding. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 2017:6919675. [PMID: 28912802 PMCID: PMC5585654 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6919675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the help of the fact that chaos is sensitive to initial conditions and pseudorandomness, combined with the spatial configurations in the DNA molecule's inherent and unique information processing ability, a novel image encryption algorithm based on bit permutation and dynamic DNA encoding is proposed here. The algorithm first uses Keccak to calculate the hash value for a given DNA sequence as the initial value of a chaotic map; second, it uses a chaotic sequence to scramble the image pixel locations, and the butterfly network is used to implement the bit permutation. Then, the image is coded into a DNA matrix dynamic, and an algebraic operation is performed with the DNA sequence to realize the substitution of the pixels, which further improves the security of the encryption. Finally, the confusion and diffusion properties of the algorithm are further enhanced by the operation of the DNA sequence and the ciphertext feedback. The results of the experiment and security analysis show that the algorithm not only has a large key space and strong sensitivity to the key but can also effectively resist attack operations such as statistical analysis and exhaustive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuncai Zhang
- School of Electrics and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Electrics and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ying Niu
- School of Electrics and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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6
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Niu Y, Zhang X, Han F. Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hyperchaotic Maps and Nucleotide Sequences Database. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 2017:4079793. [PMID: 28392799 PMCID: PMC5368421 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4079793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Image encryption technology is one of the main means to ensure the safety of image information. Using the characteristics of chaos, such as randomness, regularity, ergodicity, and initial value sensitiveness, combined with the unique space conformation of DNA molecules and their unique information storage and processing ability, an efficient method for image encryption based on the chaos theory and a DNA sequence database is proposed. In this paper, digital image encryption employs a process of transforming the image pixel gray value by using chaotic sequence scrambling image pixel location and establishing superchaotic mapping, which maps quaternary sequences and DNA sequences, and by combining with the logic of the transformation between DNA sequences. The bases are replaced under the displaced rules by using DNA coding in a certain number of iterations that are based on the enhanced quaternary hyperchaotic sequence; the sequence is generated by Chen chaos. The cipher feedback mode and chaos iteration are employed in the encryption process to enhance the confusion and diffusion properties of the algorithm. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only demonstrates excellent encryption but also effectively resists chosen-plaintext attack, statistical attack, and differential attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Niu
- College of Electric Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuncai Zhang
- College of Electric Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Electric Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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7
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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8
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Beyer A, Pollok S, Rudloff A, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Popp J. Fast-Track, One-Step E. coli
Detection: A Miniaturized Hydrogel Array Permits Specific Direct PCR and DNA Hybridization while Amplification. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1325-33. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Beyer
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sibyll Pollok
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena; University of Applied Sciences; Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Anne Rudloff
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology; Jenaer BioChip Initiative; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena; Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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9
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Beyer A, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Popp J. Hydrogel Decorated Chips for Convenient DNA Test. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Beyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics; Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics; Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics; Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics; Research Campus Jena; Center for Applied Research; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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10
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Abstract
Due to their hydrophilic, biocompatible, and highly tunable nature, hydrogel materials have attracted strong interest in the recent years for numerous biotechnological applications. In particular, their solution-like environment and non-fouling nature in complex biological samples render hydrogels as ideal substrates for biosensing applications. Hydrogel coatings, and later, gel dot surface microarrays, were successfully used in sensitive nucleic acid assays and immunoassays. More recently, new microfabrication techniques for synthesizing encoded particles from hydrogel materials have enabled the development of hydrogel-based suspension arrays. Lithography processes and droplet-based microfluidic techniques enable generation of libraries of particles with unique spectral or graphical codes, for multiplexed sensing in biological samples. In this review, we discuss the key questions arising when designing hydrogel particles dedicated to biosensing. How can the hydrogel material be engineered in order to tune its properties and immobilize bioprobes inside? What are the strategies to fabricate and encode gel particles, and how can particles be processed and decoded after the assay? Finally, we review the bioassays reported so far in the literature that have used hydrogel particle arrays and give an outlook of further developments of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle C. Le Goff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rathi L. Srinivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W. Adam Hill
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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11
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Cheng H, Zheng H, Wu JX, Xu W, Zhou L, Leong KC, Fitzgerald E, Rajagopalan R, Too HP, Choi WK. Photo-attachment of biomolecules for miniaturization on wicking Si-nanowire platform. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116539. [PMID: 25689680 PMCID: PMC4331555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated the surface functionalization of a highly three-dimensional, superhydrophilic wicking substrate using light to immobilize functional biomolecules for sensor or microarray applications. We showed here that the three-dimensional substrate was compatible with photo-attachment and the performance of functionalization was greatly improved due to both increased surface capacity and reduced substrate reflectivity. In addition, photo-attachment circumvents the problems induced by wicking effect that was typically encountered on superhydrophilic three-dimensional substrates, thus reducing the difficulty of producing miniaturized sites on such substrate. We have investigated various aspects of photo-attachment process on the nanowire substrate, including the role of different buffers, the effect of wavelength as well as how changing probe structure may affect the functionalization process. We demonstrated that substrate fabrication and functionalization can be achieved with processes compatible with microelectronics processes, hence reducing the cost of array fabrication. Such functionalization method coupled with the high capacity surface makes the substrate an ideal candidate for sensor or microarray for sensitive detection of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cheng
- Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Wu
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam Chew Leong
- GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Private Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugene Fitzgerald
- Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raj Rajagopalan
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, The Russian Federation
| | - Heng Phon Too
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiong Choi
- Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano- Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lin S, Lee EK, Nguyen N, Khine M. Thermally-induced miniaturization for micro- and nanofabrication: progress and updates. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3475-88. [PMID: 25075652 PMCID: PMC9061274 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of micro- and nanofabrication has developed extensively in the past several decades with rising interest in alternative fabrication techniques. Growth of these areas has been driven by needs that remain unaddressed by traditional lithographical methods: inexpensive, upscalable, biocompatible, and easily integrated into complete lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been explored as an alternative substrate. This review first focuses on structure fabrication at the micron and nanoscale using specifically heat-shrinkable SMPs and highlights the innovative improvements to this technology in the past several years. The second part of the review illustrates demonstrated applications of these micro- and nanostructures fabricated from heat-shrinkable SMP films. The review concludes with a discussion about future prospects of heat-shrinkable SMP structures for integration into LOC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
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13
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Beyer A, Pollok S, Berg A, Weber K, Popp J. Easy daylight fabricated hydrogel array for colorimetric DNA analysis. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:889-98. [PMID: 24497199 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of 3D hydrogel microarrays for DNA analytics that allow simple visual signal readout for on-site applications is described. A convenient one-step polymerization of the hydrogel including in situ capture oligonucleotide immobilization is accomplished by using N,N'-dimethylacrylamide/polyethylene glycol (PEG1900 )-bisacrylamide monomers. The implementation of an acylphosphine-oxide photoinitiator even allows polymerization at daylight, whereas other approaches require exposure with light in the UV-range. This minimizes the risk of UV-caused DNA damages within the capture DNA-strand that could adversely affect the subsequent hybridization step. The porous network of these gel segments allows DNA as well as protein penetration. Thus, the successful in-gel DNA hybridization is monitored by the deposition of silver nanoparticles. These metal particles allow naked eye signal readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Beyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Centre of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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