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Molinari F, Salini A, Vittore A, Santoro O, Izzo L, Fusco S, Pollegioni L, Rosini E. Bio-based production of cis,cis-muconic acid as platform for a sustainable polymers production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131190. [PMID: 39094966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Production of the high industrial value cis,cis-muconic acid (ccMA) from renewable biomasses is of main interest especially when biological (green) processes are used. We recently generated a E. coli strain expressing five recombinant enzymes to convert vanillin (VA, from lignin) into ccMA. Here, we optimized a growing cell approach in bioreactor for the ccMA production. The medium composition, fermentation conditions, and VA addition were tuned: pulse-feeding VA at 1 mmol/h allowed to reach 5.2 g/L of ccMA in 48 h (0.86 g ccMA/g VA), with a productivity 4-fold higher compared to the resting cells approach, thus resulting in significantly lower E-factor and Process Mass Intensity green metric parameters. The recovered ccMA has been used as building block to produce a fully bioderived polymer with rubber-like properties. The sustainable optimized bioprocess can be considered an integrated approach to develop a platform for bio-based polymers production from renewable feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molinari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Salini
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Aniello Vittore
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Orlando Santoro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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2
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Whitfield R, Jones GR, Truong NP, Manring LE, Anastasaki A. Solvent-Free Chemical Recycling of Polymethacrylates made by ATRP and RAFT polymerization: High-Yielding Depolymerization at Low Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309116. [PMID: 37523176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although controlled radical polymerization is an excellent tool to make precision polymeric materials, reversal of the process to retrieve the starting monomer is far less explored despite the significance of chemical recycling. Here, we investigate the bulk depolymerization of RAFT and ATRP-synthesized polymers under identical conditions. RAFT-synthesized polymers undergo a relatively low-temperature solvent-free depolymerization back to monomer thanks to the partial in situ transformation of the RAFT end-group to macromonomer. Instead, ATRP-synthesized polymers can only depolymerize at significantly higher temperatures (>350 °C) through random backbone scission. To aid a more complete depolymerization at even lower temperatures, we performed a facile and quantitative end-group modification strategy in which both ATRP and RAFT end-groups were successfully converted to macromonomers. The macromonomers triggered a lower temperature bulk depolymerization with an onset at 150 °C yielding up to 90 % of monomer regeneration. The versatility of the methodology was demonstrated by a scalable depolymerization (≈10 g of starting polymer) retrieving 84 % of the starting monomer intact which could be subsequently used for further polymerization. This work presents a new low-energy approach for depolymerizing controlled radical polymers and creates many future opportunities as high-yielding, solvent-free and scalable depolymerization methods are sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, D-MATL, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Glen R Jones
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, D-MATL, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, D-MATL, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, D-MATL, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg-5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Zhou D, Liu F, He J. Improving the Mechanical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Through Using 4-Pentenoic Acid Modified Polycarboxylic Acid (PCA). J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2078142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Dorsman IR, Chan DHH, Cunningham VJ, Brown SL, Williams CN, Varlas S, Armes SP. Synthesis of crystallizable poly(behenyl methacrylate)-based block and statistical copolymers and their performance as wax crystal modifiers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behenyl methacrylate-based diblock and statistical copolymers are evaluated as additives for the crystal habit modification of a model wax (n-octacosane) in n-dodecane. The statistical copolymers more strongly influence the wax crystal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella R. Dorsman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven L. Brown
- Scott Bader Company Ltd, Wollaston, Wellingborough NN29 7RL, UK
| | | | - Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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5
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Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F, Marić M. Epoxy-based triblock, diblock, gradient and statistical copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates by nitroxide mediated polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Meurer J, Hniopek J, Bätz T, Zechel S, Enke M, Vitz J, Schmitt M, Popp J, Hager MD, Schubert US. Shape-Memory Metallopolymers Based on Two Orthogonal Metal-Ligand Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006655. [PMID: 33448105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new shape-memory polymer is presented, in which both the stable phase as well as the switching unit consist of two different metal complexes. Suitable metal ions, which simultaneously form labile complexes with histidine and stable ones with terpyridine ligands, are identified via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. Different copolymers are synthesized, which contain butyl methacrylate as the main monomer and the metal-binding ligands in the side chains. Zn(TFMS)2 and NiCl2 are utilized for the dual crosslinking, resulting in the formation of metallopolymer networks. The switching temperature can simply be tuned by changing the composition as well as by the choice of the metal ion. Strain fixity rates (about 99%) and very high strain recovery rates (up to 95%) are achieved and the mechanism is revealed using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Meurer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Julian Hniopek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, e. V. Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Thomas Bätz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, e. V. Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Martin D Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
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7
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Saxon DJ, Gormong EA, Shah VM, Reineke TM. Rapid Synthesis of Chemically Recyclable Polycarbonates from Renewable Feedstocks. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:98-103. [PMID: 35548994 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the rapid, one-pot synthesis of functional polycarbonates derived from renewable alcohols (i.e., glucose tetraacetate, acetyl isosorbide, lauryl alcohol, and ethanol) and a cyclic carbonate bearing an imidazolecarboxylate. This tandem functionalization/ring-opening polymerization strategy can be performed on multigram scale and eliminates the need for rigorous purification and specialized equipment. A wide range of glass transition temperatures (Tg) was accessible from these renewable pendant groups (>75 °C Tg window). We also synthesized several statistical copolycarbonates to show the thermal properties can be tailored with this tandem method. Additionally, we demonstrate a circular polymer economy via chemical recycling to a cyclic carbonate precursor. This work may facilitate development of sustainable polycarbonates with tailored properties that work toward eliminating plastic waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A. Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vijay M. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Bazli M, Abolfazli M. Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Polymers under Elevated Temperatures: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112600. [PMID: 33167473 PMCID: PMC7694508 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is one of the most applicable materials used in civil infrastructures, as it has been proven advantageous in terms of high strength and stiffness to weight ratio and anti-corrosion. The performance of FRP under elevated temperatures has gained significant attention among academia and industry. A comprehensive review on experimental and numerical studies investigating the mechanical performance of FRP composites subjected to elevated temperatures, ranging from ambient to fire condition, is presented in this paper. Over 100 research papers on the mechanical properties of FRP materials including tensile, compressive, flexural and shear strengths and moduli are reviewed. Although they report dispersed data, several interesting conclusions can be drawn from these studies. In general, exposure to elevated temperatures near and above the resin glass transition temperature, Tg, has detrimental effects on the mechanical characteristics of FRP materials. On the other hand, elevated temperatures below Tg can cause low levels of degradation. Discussions are made on degradation mechanisms of different FRP members. This review outlines recommendations for future works. The behaviour of FRP composites under elevated temperatures provides a comprehensive understanding based on the database presented. In addition, a foundation for determining predictive models for FRP materials exposed to elevated temperatures could be laid using the finding that this review presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Bazli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Milad Abolfazli
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University, Hawthorn 3122, Australia;
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9
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Mechanical, anti-bacterial, and easy-to-clean properties of hybrid polymer-based composites containing modified SiO2 prepared by thermal polymerization. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F, Marić M. Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Faezeh Hajiali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
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11
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Gong H, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Quan Q, Han S, Chen M. Precise Synthesis of Ultra‐High‐Molecular‐Weight Fluoropolymers Enabled by Chain‐Transfer‐Agent Differentiation under Visible‐Light Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qinzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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12
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Gong H, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Quan Q, Han S, Chen M. Precise Synthesis of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Fluoropolymers Enabled by Chain-Transfer-Agent Differentiation under Visible-Light Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:919-927. [PMID: 31659832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) polymers display outstanding properties and hold potential for wide applications. However, their precise synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we developed a novel reversible-deactivation radical polymerization based on the strong and selective fluorine-fluorine interaction, allowing chain-transfer agents to spontaneously differentiate into two groups that take charge of the chain growth and reversible deactivation of the growing chains, respectively. This method enables dramatically improved livingness of propagation, providing UHMW polymers with a surprisingly narrow molecular weight distribution (Đ≈1.1) from a variety of fluorinated (meth)acrylates and acrylamide at quantitative conversions under visible-light irradiation. In situ chain-end extensions from UHMW polymers facilitated the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers, revealing the excellent chain-end fidelity achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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13
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Meurer J, Hniopek J, Zechel S, Enke M, Vitz J, Schmitt M, Popp J, Hager MD, Schubert US. Shape-Memory Metallopolymer Networks Based on a Triazole-Pyridine Ligand. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1889. [PMID: 31731731 PMCID: PMC6918370 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymers represent an interesting class of stimuli-responsive polymers. With their ability to memorize and recover their original shape, they could be useful in almost every area of our daily life. We herein present the synthesis of shape-memory metallopolymers in which the switching unit is designed by using bis(pyridine-triazole) metal complexes. The polymer networks were synthesized via free radical polymerization of methyl-, ethyl- or butyl-methacrylate, tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and a methacrylate moiety of the triazole-pyridine ligand. By the addition of zinc(II) or cobalt(II) acetate it was possible to achieve metallopolymer networks featuring shape-memory abilities. The successful formation of the metal-ligand complex was proven by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the shape-recovery behavior was studied in detailed fashion and even triple-shape memory behavior could be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Meurer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Hniopek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, e. V. Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.)
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, e. V. Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.M.); (S.Z.); (M.E.); (J.V.); (M.D.H.)
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Nitschke A, Riemann L, Kollenbach L, Braun V, Buback M, Vana P. Investigation into the Kinetics of
n
‐Pentyl Methacrylate Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nitschke
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lara Riemann
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Leon Kollenbach
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Vanessa Braun
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael Buback
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Georg‐August‐Universität Institut für Physikalische Chemie Tammannstraße 6 D‐37077 Göttingen Germany
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15
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Haven JJ, Junkers T. Quasi-monodisperse polymer libraries via flash column chromatography: correlating dispersity with glass transition. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-monodisperse (Đ = 1.005–1.040) poly(methyl) acrylate (PMA) polymer libraries are obtained via flash column chromatography separation of disperse (Đ = 1.130) PMA. The influence of dispersity on the glass transition is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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16
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Quintens G, Vrijsen JH, Adriaensens P, Vanderzande D, Junkers T. Muconic acid esters as bio-based acrylate mimics. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyl muconates are synthesized from biobased muconic acid. These monomers are shown to be readily polymerized in radical polymerizations, and may serve as alternatives to classical acrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Quintens
- Institute for Materials Research
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Jeroen H. Vrijsen
- Institute for Materials Research
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Institute for Materials Research
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Institute for Materials Research
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
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17
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Englert C, Brendel JC, Majdanski TC, Yildirim T, Schubert S, Gottschaldt M, Windhab N, Schubert US. Pharmapolymers in the 21st century: Synthetic polymers in drug delivery applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Barbon SM, Rolland M, Anastasaki A, Truong NP, Schulze MW, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. Macrocyclic Side-Chain Monomers for Photoinduced ATRP: Synthesis and Properties versus Long-Chain Linear Isomers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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19
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Winter T, Su X, Hatton TA, Gallei M. Ferrocene-Containing Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization of Core/Shell Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800428. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Winter
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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20
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Enke M, Köps L, Zechel S, Brendel JC, Vitz J, Hager MD, Schubert US. Influence of Aspartate Moieties on the Self-Healing Behavior of Histidine-Rich Supramolecular Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700742. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Lukas Köps
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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21
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22
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Enke M, Jehle F, Bode S, Vitz J, Harrington MJ, Hager MD, Schubert US. Histidine-Zinc Interactions Investigated by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and their Application in Self-Healing Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthew J. Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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23
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Ortiz-Serna P, Sanchis MJ, Redondo-Foj B, Carsí M, Díaz Calleja R, Leiva A, Gargallo L, Radić D. Study of the dielectric relaxation of poly(phenylpropyl acrylate) and poly(phenylpropyl methacrylate): effect of slight differences in chemical structure. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Ortiz-Serna
- Instituto Tecnología Eléctrica, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camí de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - María J Sanchis
- Instituto Tecnología Eléctrica, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camí de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Belén Redondo-Foj
- Instituto Tecnología Eléctrica, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camí de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Carsí
- Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camí de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Ricardo Díaz Calleja
- Instituto Tecnología Eléctrica, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camí de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Angel Leiva
- Departamento de Química Física; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Ligia Gargallo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Tarapacá; Avda General Velásquez 1775 Arica Chile
| | - Deodato Radić
- Departamento de Química Física; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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24
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Abduh MY, Iqbal M, Picchioni F, Manurung R, Heeres HJ. Synthesis and properties of cross-linked polymers from epoxidized rubber seed oil and triethylenetetramine. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yusuf Abduh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Robert Manurung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences and Technology; Institut Teknologi Bandung; Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
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25
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Enke M, Bode S, Vitz J, Schacher FH, Harrington MJ, Hager MD, Schubert US. Self-healing response in supramolecular polymers based on reversible zinc–histidine interactions. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Park J, Yu T, Inagaki T, Akagi K. Helical Network Polymers Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence with Thermal Stability. Synthesis via Photo-Cross-Link Polymerizations of Methacrylate Derivatives in a Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Park
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tianjiao Yu
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Inagaki
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Akagi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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27
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Pahnke K, Brandt J, Gryn'ova G, Lindner P, Schweins R, Schmidt FG, Lederer A, Coote ML, Barner-Kowollik C. Entropy driven chain effects on ligation chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1061-1074. [PMID: 29560194 PMCID: PMC5811146 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the investigation of fundamental entropic chain effects that enable the tuning of modular ligation chemistry - for example dynamic Diels-Alder (DA) reactions in materials applications - not only classically via the chemistry of the applied reaction sites, but also via the physical and steric properties of the molecules that are being joined. Having a substantial impact on the reaction equilibrium of the reversible ligation chemistry, these effects are important when transferring reactions from small molecule studies to larger or other entropically very dissimilar systems. The effects on the DA equilibrium and thus the temperature dependent degree of debonding (%debond) of different cyclopentadienyl (di-)functional poly(meth-)acrylate backbones (poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(iso-butyl methacrylate), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate), poly(iso-butyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(tert-butyl acrylate), poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(isobornyl acrylate)), linked via a difunctional cyanodithioester (CDTE) were examined via high temperature (HT) NMR spectroscopy as well as temperature dependent (TD) SEC measurements. A significant impact of not only chain mass and length with a difference in the degree of debonding of up to 30% for different lengths of macromonomers of the same polymer type but - remarkably - as well the chain stiffness with a difference in bonding degrees of nearly 20% for isomeric poly(butyl acrylates) is found. The results were predicted, reproduced and interpreted via quantum chemical calculations, leading to a better understanding of the underlying entropic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pahnke
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry , Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Josef Brandt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
- Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ganna Gryn'ova
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 0200 , Australia .
| | - Peter Lindner
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) , 71 avenue des Martyrs , CS20156 , 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9 , France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) , 71 avenue des Martyrs , CS20156 , 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9 , France
| | | | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
- Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 0200 , Australia .
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry , Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
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28
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Semsarilar M, Penfold NJW, Jones ER, Armes SP. Semi-crystalline diblock copolymer nano-objects prepared via RAFT alcoholic dispersion polymerization of stearyl methacrylate. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Semi-crystalline diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles are prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly via RAFT dispersion polymerization of stearyl methacrylate. DSC studies confirm local order for the core-forming poly(stearyl methacrylate) chains.
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29
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Haehnel AP, Schneider-Baumann M, Arens L, Misske AM, Fleischhaker F, Barner-Kowollik C. Global Trends for kp? The Influence of Ester Side Chain Topography in Alkyl (Meth)Acrylates − Completing the Data Base. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Haehnel
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider-Baumann
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lukas Arens
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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