1
|
Linn JD, Rodriguez FA, Calabrese MA. Cosolvent incorporation modulates the thermal and structural response of PNIPAM/silyl methacrylate copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3322-3336. [PMID: 38536224 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polymers functionalized with inorganic silane groups have been used in wide-ranging applications due to the silane reactivity, which enables formation of covalently-crosslinked polymeric structures. Utilizing stimuli-responsive polymers in these hybrid systems can lead to smart and tunable behavior for sensing, drug delivery, and optical coatings. Previously, the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMA) demonstrated unique aqueous self-assembly and optical responses following temperature elevation. Here, we investigate how cosolvent addition, particularly ethanol and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), impacts these transition temperatures, optical clouding, and structure formation in NIPAM/TMA copolymers. Versus purely aqueous systems, these solvent mixtures can introduce additional phase transitions and can alter the two-phase region boundaries based on temperature and solvent composition. Interestingly, TMA incorporation strongly alters phase boundaries in the water-rich regime for DMF-containing systems but not for ethanol-containing systems. Cosolvent species and content also alter the aggregation and assembly of NIPAM/TMA copolymers, but these effects depend on polymer architecture. For example, localizing the TMA towards one chain end in 'blocky' domains leads to formation of uniform micelles with narrow dispersities above the cloud point for certain solvent compositions. In contrast, polydisperse aggregates form in random copolymer and PNIPAM homopolymer solutions - the size of which depends on solvent composition. The resulting optical responses and thermoreversibility also depend strongly on cosolvent content and copolymer architecture. Cosolvent incorporation thus increases the versatility of inorganic-functionalized responsive polymers for diverse applications by providing a simple way to tune the structure size and optical response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Linn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Fabian A Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Michelle A Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neal CAP, Kresge GV, Quan MC, León V, Chibambo NO, Calabrese MA. Effect of nanoparticle loading and magnetic field application on the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological behavior of thermoresponsive polymer solutions. JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 29:795-812. [PMID: 37546292 PMCID: PMC10403256 DOI: 10.1002/vnl.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Although processing via external stimuli is a promising technique to tune the structure and properties of polymeric materials, the impact of magnetic fields on phase transitions in thermoresponsive polymer solutions is not well-understood. As nanoparticle (NP) addition is also known to impact these thermodynamic and optical properties, synergistic effects from combining magnetic fields with NP incorporation provide a novel route for tuning material properties. Here, the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological properties of aqueous poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions are examined in the presence of hydrophilic silica NPs and magnetic fields, individually and jointly, via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), magneto-turbidimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magneto-rheology. While NPs and magnetic fields both reduce the phase separation energy barrier and lower optical transition temperatures by altering hydrogen bonding (H-bonding), infrared spectra demonstrate that the mechanism by which these changes occur is distinct. Magnetic fields primarily alter solvent polarization while NPs provide PNIPAM-NP H-bonding sites. Combining NP addition with field application uniquely alters the solution environment and results in field-dependent rheological behavior that is unseen in polymer-only solutions. These investigations provide fundamental understanding on the interplay of magnetic fields and NP addition on PNIPAM thermoresponsivity which can be harnessed for increasingly complex stimuli-responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. P. Neal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Grace V. Kresge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Quan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Valeria León
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nondumiso O. Chibambo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chittari SS, Obermeyer AC, Knight AS. Investigating Fundamental Principles of Nonequilibrium Assembly Using Temperature-Sensitive Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6554-6561. [PMID: 36913711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Both natural biomaterials and synthetic materials benefit from complex energy landscapes that provide the foundation for structure-function relationships and environmental sensitivity. Understanding these nonequilibrium dynamics is important for the development of design principles to harness this behavior. Using a model system of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymers, we explored the impact of composition and stimulus path on nonequilibrium thermal hysteretic behavior. Through turbidimetry analysis of nonsuperimposable heat-cool cycles, we observe that LCST copolymers show clear hysteresis that varies as a function of pendent side chain length and hydrophobicity. Hysteresis is further impacted by the temperature ramp rate, as insoluble states can be kinetically trapped under optimized temperature protocols. This systematic study brings to light fundamental principles that can enable the harnessing of out-of-equilibrium effects in synthetic soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Allie C Obermeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ercole F, Kim CJ, Dao NV, Tse WKL, Whittaker MR, Caruso F, Quinn JF. Synthesis of Thermoresponsive, Catechol-Rich Poly(ethylene glycol) Brush Polymers for Attenuating Cellular Oxidative Stress. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:387-399. [PMID: 36469858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a platform to integrate customizable quantities of catechol units into polymers by reacting caffeic acid carbonic anhydride with polymers having pendant amine groups. Brush poly(ethylene glycol)-caffeamide (PEG-CAF) copolymers based on oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA500) were obtained with a catechol content of approximately 30, 40, and 50 mol % (vs OEGMA content). Owing to the hydrophobicity of the introduced CAF groups, the catechol copolymers exhibited cloud points in the range of 23-46 °C and were used to fabricate thermoresponsive FeIII metal-phenolic network capsules. Polymers with the highest CAF content (50 mol %) proved most effective for attenuating reactive oxygen species levels in vitro, in co-cultured fibroblasts, and breast cancer cells, even in the presence of an exogenous oxidant source. The reported approach to synthesize customizable catechol materials could be generalized to other amine-functional polymers, with potential biomedical applications such as adhesives or stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ercole
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chan-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nam V Dao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Physics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Warren K L Tse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neal CAP, León V, Quan MC, Chibambo NO, Calabrese MA. Tuning the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological properties of thermoresponsive polymer solutions via silica nanoparticle shape and concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:878-895. [PMID: 36202031 PMCID: PMC10593120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The shape and quantity of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to tune the microstructure, rheology, and stability of phase-separating polymer solutions. In thermoresponsive polymer systems, silica nanospheres are well-studied whereas anisotropic NPs have little literature precedent. Here, we hypothesize that NP shape and concentration lower the onset of rheological and turbidimetric transitions of aqueous poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions. EXPERIMENTS Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), turbidimetry, and oscillatory rheology are utilized to examine interactions between NPs, PNIPAM, and water and to track changes in phase separation and rheological properties due to NP concentration and shape. FINDINGS NP addition reduces phase separation enthalpy due to PNIPAM-NP hydrogen bonding interactions, the degree to which depends on polymer content. While NP addition minorly impacts thermodynamic and optical properties, rheological transitions and associated rheological properties are dramatically altered with increasing temperature, and depend on NP quantity, shape, and polymer molecular weight. Thus NP content and shape can be used to finely tune transition temperatures and mechanical properties for applications in stimuli-responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A P Neal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Valeria León
- Mechanical Engineering Department, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Michelle C Quan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nondumiso O Chibambo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Michelle A Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cho Y, Kang H. Effect of the Alkyl Chain Length on Assessment as Thermo-Responsive Draw Solutes for Forward Osmosis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41508-41518. [PMID: 36406486 PMCID: PMC9670907 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of thermo-responsive tetrabutylphosphonium 1-alkanesulfonates (abbreviated as [P4444][C n S], n = 6, 8, 10, and 12), where n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group on the 1-alkanesulfonate anion, were prepared by an ion-exchange reaction to investigate their potential ability toward the application of draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO). We systematically studied the recovery properties and FO performance of [P4444][C n S]. This series exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics, which offer a clear advantage of being energy-efficient for recovering draw solutes; however, [P4444][C6S] was only observed at 20 wt %. The LCSTs of the 20 wt % [P4444][C6S], [P4444][C8S], [P4444][C10S], and [P4444][C12S] draw solutions were approximately 83, 54, 49, and 56 °C, respectively. Moreover, when the orientation of the active layer was heading toward the draw solution (AL-DS mode), the water and reverse solute flux of [P4444][C10S] were about 1.58 LMH and 0.81 gMH, respectively, at 20 wt % aqueous solutions. When the membrane was used in the active layer facing the feed solution (AL-FS) system, the water and reverse solute flux of [P4444][C10S] were approximately 0.71 LMH and 0.38 gMH, respectively, at 20 wt % aqueous solutions. Thus, this study is the first to examine the structural transformations of the bulkier alkyl group on the sulfonate anion moiety and its feasibility as the new draw solute for the FO system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo Kang
- . Tel.: +82 51 200 7720. Fax: +82 51 200 7728
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chuang YC, Chang YC, Tsai MT, Yang TW, Huang MT, Wu SH, Wang C. Electrospinning of Aqueous Solutions of Atactic Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) with Physical Gelation. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110716. [PMID: 36354624 PMCID: PMC9689489 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase diagram of a given polymer solution is used to determine the solution’s electrospinnability. We constructed a phase diagram of an aqueous solution of atactic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (a-PNIPAM) based on turbidity measurements and the rheological properties derived from linear viscoelasticity. Several important transition temperatures were obtained and discussed, including the onset temperature for concentration fluctuations T1, gel temperature Tgel, and binodal temperature Tb. On heating from 15 °C, the one-phase a-PNIPAM solution underwent pronounced concentration fluctuations at temperatures above T1. At higher temperatures, the thermal concentration fluctuations subsequently triggered the physical gelation process to develop a macroscopic-scale gel network at Tgel before the phase separation at Tb. Thus, the temperature sequence for the transition is: T1 < Tgel < Tb~31 °C for a given a-PNIPAM aqueous solution. Based on the phase diagram, a low-temperature electrospinning process was designed to successfully obtain uniform a-PNIPAM nanofibers by controlling the solution temperature below T1. In addition, the electrospinning of an a-PNIPAM hydrogel at Tgel < T < Tb was found to be feasible considering that the elastic modulus of the gel was shown to be very low (ca. 10−20 Pa); however, at the jet end, jet whipping was not seen, though the spitting out of the internal structures was observed with high-speed video. In this case, not only dried nanofibers but also some by-products were produced. At T > Tb, electrospinning became problematic for the phase-separated gel because the enhanced gel elasticity dramatically resisted the stretching forces induced by the electric field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Poly(2-oxazoline)s as Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Developments of Polish Scientists. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194176. [PMID: 36236124 PMCID: PMC9572872 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s are the synthetic polymers that are the products of the cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-oxazoline monomers. Due to their beneficial properties, from which biocompatibility, stealth behavior, high functionalization possibilities, low dispersity, stability, nonionic character, and solubility in water and organic solvents should be noted, they have found many applications and gained enormous interest from scientists. Additionally, with high versatility attainable through copolymerization or through post-polymerization modifications, this class of polymeric systems has been widely used as a polymeric platform for novel biomedical applications. The chemistry of polymers significant expanded into biomedical applications, in which polymeric networks can be successfully used in pharmaceutical development for tissue engineering, gene therapies, and also drug delivery systems. On the other hand, there is also a need to create ‘smart’ polymer biomaterials, responsive to the specified factor, that will be sensitive to various environmental stimuli. The commonly used stimuli-responsive biomedical materials are based mostly on temperature-, light-, magnetic-, electric-, and pH-responsive systems. Thus, creating selective and responsive materials that allow personalized treatment is in the interest of the scientific world. This review article focuses on recent discoveries by Polish scientists working in the field of stimuli-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s, and their work is compared and contrasted with results reported by other world-renowned specialists.
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis and thermoresponsive properties of polymethacrylate molecular brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) side chains. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Effect of anions, urea and aggregation state on the thermal behavior of PDMAEMA-based polymers. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Linn JD, Liberman L, Neal CAP, Calabrese MA. Role of chain architecture in the solution phase assembly and thermoreversibility of aqueous PNIPAM/silyl methacrylate copolymers. Polym Chem 2022; 13:3840-3855. [PMID: 37193094 PMCID: PMC10181847 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers functionalized with reactive inorganic groups enable creation of macromolecular structures such as hydrogels, micelles, and coatings that demonstrate smart behavior. Prior studies using poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM-co-TMA)) have stabilized micelles and produced functional nanoscale coatings; however, such systems show limited responsiveness over multiple thermal cycles. Here, polymer architecture and TMA content are connected to the aqueous self-assembly, optical response, and thermo-reversibility of two distinct types of PNIPAM/TMA copolymers: random P(NIPAM-co-TMA), and a 'blocky-functionalized' copolymer where TMA is localized to one portion of the chain, P(NIPAM-b-NIPAM-co-TMA). Aqueous solution behavior characterized via cloud point testing (CPT), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) demonstrates that thermoresponsiveness and thermoreversibility over multiple cycles is a strong function of polymer configuration and TMA content. Despite low TMA content (≤2% mol), blocky-functionalized copolymers assemble into small, well-ordered structures above the cloud point that lead to distinct transmittance behaviors and stimuli-responsiveness over multiple cycles. Conversely, random copolymers form disordered aggregates at elevated temperatures, and only exhibit thermoreversibility at negligible TMA fractions (0.5% mol); higher TMA content leads to irreversible structure formation. This understanding of the architectural and assembly effects on the thermal cyclability of aqueous PNIPAM-co-TMA can be used to improve the scalability of responsive polymer applications requiring thermoreversible behavior, including sensing, separations, and functional coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Linn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher A P Neal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michelle A Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu YT, Zeng K, Fuhrmann B, Woelk C, Zhang K, Groth T. Engineering of Stable Cross-Linked Multilayers Based on Thermo-Responsive PNIPAM- Grafted-Chitosan/Heparin to Tailor Their Physiochemical Properties and Biocompatibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29550-29562. [PMID: 35737877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is ubiquitously applied in controlled drug release and tissue engineering. However, the lack of bioactivity of PNIPAM restricts its use in cell-containing systems being a thermo-responsive adhesive substratum with no regulating effect on cell growth and differentiation. In this study, integrating PNIPAM with chitosan into PNIPAM-grafted-chitosan (PNIPAM-Chi) allows a layer-by-layer assembly with bioactive heparin to fabricate PNIPAM-modified polyelectrolyte multilayers (PNIPAM-PEMs). Grafting PNIPAM chains of either 2 (LMW) or 10 kDa (HMW) on the chitosan backbone influences the cloud point (CP) temperature in the range from 31 to 33 °C. PNIPAM-Chi with either a higher molecular weight or a higher degree of substitution of PNIPAM chains exhibiting a significant increase in diameter above CP as ensured by dynamic light scattering is selected to fabricate PEM with heparin as a polyanion at pH 4. Little difference of layer growth is detected between the chosen PNIPAM-Chi used as polycations by surface plasmon resonance, while multilayers formed with HMW-0.02 are more hydrated and show striking swelling-and-shrinking abilities when studied with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Subsequently, the multilayers are covalently cross-linked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide to strengthen the stability of the systems under physiological conditions. Ellipsometry results confirm the layer integrity after exposure to the physiological buffer at pH 7.4 compared to those without cross-linking. Moreover, significantly higher adhesion and more spreading of C3H10T1/2 multipotent embryonic mouse fibroblasts on cross-linked PEMs, particularly with heparin terminal layers, are observed owing to the bioactivity of heparin. The slightly more hydrophobic surfaces of cross-linked PNIPAM-PEMs at 37 °C also increase cell attachment and growth. Thus, layer-by-layer constructed PNIPAM-PEM with cross-linking represents an interesting cell culture system that can be potentially employed for thermally uploading and controlled release of growth factors that further promotes tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tung Lu
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kui Zeng
- Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bodo Fuhrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Woelk
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Razzaq W, Serra CA, Chan-Seng D. Microfluidic Janus fibers with dual thermoresponsive behavior for thermoactuation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Mendoza DJ, Ayurini M, Browne C, Raghuwanshi VS, Simon GP, Hooper JF, Garnier G. Thermoresponsive Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafted from Cellulose Nanofibers via Silver-Promoted Decarboxylative Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1610-1621. [PMID: 35041381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A family of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PNIPAM]-grafted cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesized via a novel silver-promoted decarboxylative polymerization approach. This method relies on the oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acid groups to initiate free radicals on the surface of CNFs. The polymerization reaction employs relatively mild reaction conditions and can be performed in a one-step, one-pot fashion. This rapid reaction forms a C─C bond between CNF and PNIPAM, along with the formation of free polymer in solution. The degree of functionalization (DF) and the amount of PNIPAM grafted can be controlled by the Ag concentration in the reaction. Similar to native bulk PNIPAM, PNIPAM-grafted CNFs (PNIPAM-g-CNFs) show remarkable thermoresponsive properties, albeit exhibiting a slight hysteresis between the heating and cooling stages. Grafting PNIPAM from CNFs changes its cloud point from about 32 to 36 °C, influenced by the hydrophilic nature of CNFs. Unlike physical blending, covalently tethering PNIPAM transforms the originally inert CNFs into thermosensitive biomaterials. The Ag concentration used does not significantly change the cloud point of PNIPAM-g-CNFs, while the cloud point slightly decreases with fiber concentration. Rheological studies demonstrated the sol-gel transition of PNIPAM-g-CNFs and revealed that the storage modulus (G') above cloud point increases with the amount of PNIPAM grafted. The novel chemistry developed paves the way for the polymerization of any vinyl monomer from the surface of CNFs and carbohydrates. This study validates a novel approach to graft PNIPAM from CNFs for the synthesis of new thermoresponsive and transparent hydrogels for a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meri Ayurini
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Browne
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohashi M, Tamura A, Yui N. Terminal Structure of Triethylene Glycol-Tethered Chains on β-Cyclodextrin-Threaded Polyrotaxanes Dominates Temperature Responsivity and Biointeractions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11102-11114. [PMID: 34478294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and biomedical applications of cyclodextrin (CD)-threaded polyrotaxanes (PRXs) have gained increasing attention. We had previously investigated the therapeutic effects of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-modified β-CD PRXs in congenital metabolic disorders. Although the chemical modification of PRXs is crucial for these applications, the influences of the chemical structure of OEG modified on PRXs were not completely understood. The current study focuses on the terminal group structures of triethylene glycol (TEG)-tethered chains, wherein three series of TEG-tethered PRXs (TEG-PRXs) with various TEG terminal group structures (hydroxy, methoxy, and ethoxy) were synthesized to investigate their physicochemical properties and biointeractions. The methoxy and ethoxy-terminated TEG-PRXs exhibited temperature-dependent phase transitions in phosphate buffer saline and formed coacervate droplets above their cloud points. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of the TEG-tethered chains played a dominant role in exhibiting temperature-dependent phase transition. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of TEG-tethered chains on PRXs also affected the interactions with lipids and proteins, with the hydrophobic ethoxy-terminated TEG-tethered chains showing the highest interactions. However, in normal human skin fibroblasts, the moderately hydrophobic methoxy-terminated TEG-modified PRXs showed the highest intracellular uptake levels. As a result, we concluded that methoxy-terminated TEG is a suitable chemical modification for the biomedical applications of PRXs due to the negligible temperature responsivity around physiological temperature and significant intracellular uptake levels. The findings of this study shall contribute significantly to the rational design of PRXs and CD-based materials for future pharmacological and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ohashi
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Darge HF, Chuang SH, Lai JY, Lin SY, Tsai HC. Preparation of thermosensitive PNIPAm-based copolymer coated cytodex 3 microcarriers for efficient nonenzymatic cell harvesting during 3D culturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4076-4091. [PMID: 34251680 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic detachment of cells might damage important features and functions of cells and could affect subsequent cell-based applications. Therefore, nonenzymatic cell detachment using thermosensitive polymer matrix is necessary for maintaining cell quality after harvesting. In this study, we prepared thermosensitive PNIPAm-co-AAc-b-PS and PNIPAm-co-AAm-b-PS copolymers and low critical solution temperature (LCST) was tuned near to body temperature. Then, spin coated polymer films were prepared for cell adhesion and thermal-induced cell detachment. The alpha-step analysis and scanning electron microscope image of the films suggested that the thickness of the films depends on the molecular weight and concentration which ranged from 206 to 1330 nm for PNIPAm-co-AAc-b-PS and 97.5-497 nm for PNIPAm-co-AAm-b-PS. The contact angles of the films verified that the polymer surface was moderately hydrophilic at 37°C. Importantly, RAW264.7 cells were convincingly proliferated on the films to a confluent of >80% within 48 h and abled to detach by reducing the temperature. However, relatively more cells were grown on PNIPAm-co-AAm-b-PS (5%w/v) films and thermal-induced cell detachment was more abundant in this formulation. As a result, PNIPAm-co-AAm-b-PS (5%w/v) was further used to coat commercial cytodex 3 microcarriers for 3D cell culturing and interestingly enhanced cell detachment with preserved potential of recovery was observed at a temperature of below LCST. Thus, surface modification of microcarriers with thermosensitive PNIPAm-co-AAm-b-PS could be vital strategy for nonenzymatic cell detachment and to achieve adequate number of cells with maximum cell viability and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haile F Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Shun-Hao Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Shuian-Yin Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santos AC, Alves SP, Carvalhão G, Correia NT, Viciosa MT, Farinha JPS. Phase diagrams of temperature-responsive copolymers p(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA) in water. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Ito K, Ito K. Amphiphilic Bispyrenyl Derivative with Branched Oligo(ethylene glycol) Chains: Detection and Extraction of Nitrophenols. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8513, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zahn I, Stöbener DD, Weinhart M, Gögele C, Breier A, Hahn J, Schröpfer M, Meyer M, Schulze-Tanzil G. Cruciate Ligament Cell Sheets Can Be Rapidly Produced on Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) Coating and Successfully Used for Colonization of Embroidered Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040877. [PMID: 33921450 PMCID: PMC8069541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cell sheets combined with biomechanically competent scaffolds might facilitate ACL tissue engineering. Since thermoresponsive polymers allow a rapid enzyme-free detachment of cell sheets, we evaluated the applicability of a thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) coating for cruciate ligamentocyte sheet formation and its influence on ligamentocyte phenotype during sheet-mediated colonization of embroidered scaffolds. Ligamentocytes were seeded on surfaces either coated with PGE or without coating. Detached ligamentocyte sheets were cultured separately or wrapped around an embroidered scaffold made of polylactide acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA-CL)) threads functionalized by gas-phase fluorination and with collagen foam. Ligamentocyte viability, protein and gene expression were determined in sheets detached from surfaces with or without PGE coating, scaffolds seeded with sheets from PGE-coated plates and the respective monolayers. Stable and vital ligamentocyte sheets could be produced within 24 h with both surfaces, but more rapidly with PGE coating. PGE did not affect ligamentocyte phenotype. Scaffolds could be colonized with sheets associated with high cell survival, stable gene expression of ligament-related type I collagen, decorin, tenascin C and Mohawk after 14 d and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. PGE coating facilitates ligamentocyte sheet formation, and sheets colonizing the scaffolds displayed a ligament-related phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nuremberg Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Keßlerplatz 12, 90489 Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstr. 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.D.S.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.D.S.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Annette Breier
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Michaela Schröpfer
- FILK Freiberg Institute (FILK), Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Meyer
- FILK Freiberg Institute (FILK), Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-911-398-(11)-6772
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kasza G, Stumphauser T, Bisztrán M, Szarka G, Hegedüs I, Nagy E, Iván B. Thermoresponsive Poly( N, N-diethylacrylamide- co-glycidyl methacrylate) Copolymers and Its Catalytically Active α-Chymotrypsin Bioconjugate with Enhanced Enzyme Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:987. [PMID: 33806995 PMCID: PMC8004754 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsive (smart, intelligent, adaptive) polymers have been widely explored for a variety of advanced applications in recent years. The thermoresponsive poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm), which has a better biocompatibility than the widely investigated poly(N,N-isopropylacrylamide), has gained increased interest in recent years. In this paper, the successful synthesis, characterization, and bioconjugation of a novel thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(DEAAm-co-GMA)), obtained by free radical copolymerization with various comonomer contents and monomer/initiator ratios are reported. It was found that all the investigated copolymers possess LCST-type thermoresponsive behavior with small extent of hysteresis, and the critical solution temperatures (CST), i.e., the cloud and clearing points, decrease linearly with increasing GMA content of these copolymers. The P(DEAAm-co-GMA) copolymer with pendant epoxy groups was found to conjugate efficiently with α-chymotrypsin in a direct, one-step reaction, leading to enzyme-polymer nanoparticle (EPNP) with average size of 56.9 nm. This EPNP also shows reversible thermoresponsive behavior with somewhat higher critical solution temperature than that of the unreacted P(DEAAm-co-GMA). Although the catalytic activity of the enzyme-polymer nanoconjugate is lower than that of the native enzyme, the results of the enzyme activity investigations prove that the pH and thermal stability of the enzyme is significantly enhanced by conjugation the with P(DEAAm-co-GMA) copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Tímea Stumphauser
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Márk Bisztrán
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Imre Hegedüs
- Chemical and Biochemical Procedures Laboratory, Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (I.H.); (E.N.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37–47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Nagy
- Chemical and Biochemical Procedures Laboratory, Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (I.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matsumoto M, Asoh TA, Shoji T, Tsuboi Y. Formation of Single Double-Layered Coacervate of Poly( N,N-diethylacrylamide) in Water by a Laser Tweezer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2874-2883. [PMID: 33616404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate liquid-liquid phase separation involving both coacervation and coil-to-globule phase transition of a thermoresponsive polymer. By focusing a near-infrared laser beam into an aqueous solution of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a single phase-separated polymer microdroplet can be formed and stably trapped at the focal point. Such droplet formation is induced by a local elevation in temperature (induced by a photothermal effect) and an optical force. The technique allows us to selectively analyze a single polymer droplet trapped at the focal point. In this study, we applied this technique to poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) in water and generated a double-layered PDEA droplet. Such an inhomogeneous and complex microstructure has not been previously observed both in steady-state heating of a PDEA solution and in the PNIPAM system. Moreover, we used micro-Raman spectroscopy to clarify that PDEA underwent dehydration due to a coil-to-globule phase transition. Despite this, the polymer concentration (Cpoly) of the trapped PDEA droplet was very low and was around 30 wt %. Cpoly depended on the molecular weight of PDEA and the laser power that regulates the temperature elevation. These results strongly indicate that PDEA undergoes coacervation in addition to a coil-to-globule phase transition. This study will help provide us with a fundamental understanding of the phase separation mechanisms of thermoresponsive polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shoji
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsuboi
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zahoranová A, Luxenhofer R. Poly(2-oxazoline)- and Poly(2-oxazine)-Based Self-Assemblies, Polyplexes, and Drug Nanoformulations-An Update. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001382. [PMID: 33448122 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s, two closely related families of polymers, have led the life of a rather obscure research topic with only a few research groups world-wide working with them. This has changed in the last five to ten years, presumably triggered significantly by very promising clinical trials of the first poly(2-oxazoline)-based drug conjugate. The huge chemical and structural toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s has been extended very significantly in the last few years, but their potential still remains largely untapped. Here, specifically, the developments in macromolecular self-assemblies and non-covalent drug delivery systems such as polyplexes and drug nanoformulations based on poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s are reviewed. This highly dynamic field benefits particularly from the extensive synthetic toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s offer and also may have the largest potential for a further development. It is expected that the research dynamics will remain high in the next few years, particularly as more about the safety and therapeutic potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s is learned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163MC Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Röntgenring 11 Würzburg 97070 Germany
- Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Chemistry Helsinki University Helsinki 00014 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mertens C, Aksakal R, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Sequence-defined oligoampholytes using hydrolytically stable vinyl sulfonamides: design and UCST behaviour. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble sequence-defined oligoampholytes with precisely positioned charges were synthesised via an iterative solid-phase synthesis protocol using vinyl sulfonamide and acrylate building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tamura A, Ohashi M, Tonegawa A, Kang TW, Zhang S, Yui N. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Acylated α‐Cyclodextrin‐Threaded Polyrotaxanes on Thermoresponsive Phase Transition Behavior. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| | - Moe Ohashi
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| | - Asato Tonegawa
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| | - Tae Woong Kang
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| | - Shunyao Zhang
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2‐3‐10 Kanda‐Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101‐0062 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raccio S, Pollard J, Djuhadi A, Balog S, Pellizzoni MM, Rodriguez KJ, Rifaie-Graham O, Bruns N. Rapid quantification of the malaria biomarker hemozoin by improved biocatalytically initiated precipitation atom transfer radical polymerizations. Analyst 2020; 145:7741-7751. [PMID: 33000767 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fight against tropical diseases such as malaria requires the development of innovative biosensing techniques. Diagnostics must be rapid and robust to ensure prompt case management and to avoid further transmission. The malaria biomarker hemozoin can catalyze atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP), which we exploit in a polymerization-amplified biosensing assay for hemozoin based on the precipitation polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm). The reaction conditions are systematically investigated using synthetic hemozoin to gain fundamental understanding of the involved reactions and to greatly reduce the amplification time, while maintaining the sensitivity of the assay. The use of excess ascorbate allows oxygen to be consumed in situ but leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species and to the decomposition of the initiator 2-hydroxyethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (HEBIB). Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and pyruvate results in better differentiation between the blank and hemozoin-containing samples. Optimized reaction conditions (including reagents, pH, and temperature) reduce the amplification time from 37 ± 5 min to 3 ± 0.5 min while maintaining a low limit of detection of 1.06 ng mL-1. The short amplification time brings the precipitation polymerization assay a step closer to a point-of-care diagnostic device for malaria. Future efforts will be dedicated to the isolation of hemozoin from clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Raccio
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kominato Y, Ito K, Sasaoka Y, Ito K. LCST Behaviors of Amphiphilic Cholesterols with an AB 2-type Aryl Ether Dendron Bearing Oligo(ethylene gylcol) Chains at the Outer Periphery. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuusuke Kominato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sasaoka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jhonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Thermoresponsive Polymers of Poly(2-( N-alkylacrylamide)ethyl acetate)s. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2464. [PMID: 33114303 PMCID: PMC7690893 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly(2-(N-alkylacrylamide) ethyl acetate)s with different N-alkyl groups, including poly(2-(N-methylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNMAAEA), poly(2-(N-ethylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNEAAEA), and poly(2-(N-propylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNPAAEA), as well as poly(N-acetoxylethylacrylamide) (PNAEAA), were synthesized by solution RAFT polymerization. Unexpectedly, it was found that there are induction periods in the RAFT polymerization of these monomers, and the induction time correlates with the length of the N-alkyl groups in the monomers and follows the order of NAEAA < NMAAEA < NEAAEA < NPAAEA. The solubility of poly(2-(N-alkylacrylamide) ethyl acetate)s in water is also firmly dependent on the length of the N-alkyl groups. PNPAAEA including the largest N-propyl group is insoluble in water, whereas PNMAAEA and PNEAAEA are thermoresponsive in water and undergo the reversible soluble-to-insoluble transition at a critical solution temperature. The cloud point temperature (Tcp) of the thermoresponsive polymers is in the order of PNEAAEA < PNAEAA < PNMAAEA. The parameters affecting the Tcp of thermoresponsive polymers, e.g., degree of polymerization (DP), polymer concentration, salt, urea, and phenol, are investigated. Thermoresponsive PNMAAEA-b-PNEAAEA block copolymer and PNMAAEA-co-PNEAAEA random copolymers with different PNMAAEA and/or PNEAAEA fractions are synthesized, and their thermoresponse is checked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Yuwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mahata D, Cherian A, Parab A, Gupta V. In situ functionalization of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) polyester with a multi-functional macromolecular additive. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Thermoresponsive Nanogels of Modified Poly((di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)- co-(2-aminoethyl methacrylate))s. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081645. [PMID: 32722035 PMCID: PMC7463910 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (D) and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (A) (P(D-co-A)) with variable ratios of comonomers were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Then, the amino groups of obtained copolymers were modified to clickable azide or prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups. A thermoresponsive copolymers were obtained with the value of cloud point temperature (TCP) dependent on the type and number of functional groups in the copolymer and on the concentration of solutions. For P(D-co-A) copolymers, the TCP increased with increasing content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate comonomer. The presence of azide and prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups caused the changes of TCP of modified copolymers. All studied copolymers in dilute aqueous solutions aggregated above TCP to nanoparticles with sizes dependent on the solution concentration, heating procedures, and types and numbers of functional groups present in a copolymer chain. The presence of hydrophilic elements in the chain and the increase in the copolymer concentration led to the enlargement of the particle sizes. Aggregates were crosslinked using click reaction between an azide and prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups that led to stable thermoresponsive nanogels. A systematic study of the behavior of copolymers allowed the determination of the chains useful for possible application in drug delivery.
Collapse
|
30
|
Alharthi S, Grishkewich N, Berry RM, Tam KC. Functional cellulose nanocrystals containing cationic and thermo-responsive polymer brushes. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116651. [PMID: 32747283 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cationic and thermo-responsive polymer brushes were grafted from the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. Di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO2MA) and poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGMA300) and (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) were grafted from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via free radical polymerization. The CNC-g-POEGMA (CP) possessed a tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 50 °C, and cloud point measurements confirmed that the LCST of the nanoparticles could be manipulated within the range of 40-47 °C by adjusting the DMC content. The salt effect was also investigated, and the results revealed a typical salting-out effect for the CNC-g-POEGMA after the introduction of KCl. On the other hand, the CNC-g-POEGMA-g-DMC (CPD) copolymers displayed two salt-responsive characteristics; polyelectrolyte effect at lower salt concentrations, followed by the salting-out effect at higher salt concentrations, which is dependent on the DMC content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salha Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathan Grishkewich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard M Berry
- CelluForce Inc., 625, Président-Kennedy Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1K2, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hajebi S, Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Temperature-Responsive Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) Nanogels: The Role of Hollow Cavities and Different Shell Cross-Linking Densities on Doxorubicin Loading and Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2683-2694. [PMID: 32130018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Smart polymers with extraordinary characteristics are studied in drug-delivery applications. In the current study, temperature-responsive hybrid core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles. These temperature-responsive hybrid core-shells were prepared with different cross-linking densities by using 2, 4, and 8 mol % of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). Hydrolysis of the silica cores of the hybrid core-shells resulted in hollow poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels. Functionalization of silica nanoparticles with vinyl-containing silane modifier of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) in two different contents was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Preparation of the hybrid PNIPAM nanogels and etching of the silica cores were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and also electron microscopy imaging. Sensitivity of the PNIPAM nanogel samples to temperature was studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. In addition, dynamic light scattering was used for investigation of the squeezing and expansion of the hybrid and hollow samples against variation of temperature. The UV-vis spectroscopy results display higher absorption intensities in higher contents of MPS modifier and MBA cross-linker. The swelling content of the nanogels with hollow cavities was higher than that of the hybrid samples. The hybrid nanogels with 2 and 8 wt % silica content and different cross-linking densities and also their hollow nanoparticles were used for loading and release of doxorubicin (DOX). The release characteristics of the DOX-loaded nanogels were studied at different temperatures using UV-vis spectroscopy. The DOX release was higher at temperatures lower than the gel collapse temperature of the PNIPAM network. Although the nanogels with hollow cavities displayed higher loading capacities, the release percentage was higher for the hybrid PNIPAM nanogels, which was confirmed by the experimental release profiles and mathematical models. The most appropriate fitting of the DOX release data from the PNIPAM nanogel samples was observed for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Cytotoxicity studies on HeLa cell line showed that drug-loaded hollow samples showed higher toxicity due to loading of a higher amount of DOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hajebi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Keogh R, Blackman LD, Foster JC, Varlas S, O'Reilly RK. The Importance of Cooperativity in Polymer Blending: Toward Controlling the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Blended Block Copolymer Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900599. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keogh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Lewis D. Blackman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Rachel K. O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Wiedmann S, Luitz M, Kerscher B, Lutz JF, Mülhaupt R. Programmable Thermoresponsive Micelle-Inspired Polymer Ionic Liquids as Molecular Shuttles for Anionic Payloads. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wiedmann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Luitz
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Crosstalk between responsivities to various stimuli in multiresponsive polymers: change in polymer chain and external environment polarity as the key factor. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
Rikiyama K, Sanada Y, Watanabe K, Aida M, Katsumoto Y. Unimer Structure and Micellization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Stereocontrolled Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Alternating Multiblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Rikiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sanada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Misako Aida
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Katsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fedorczyk M, Krzywicka A, Cieciórski P, Romański J, Megiel E. A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Amphiphilic and Thermoresponsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)- b-Polystyrene Block Copolymers via ATRP. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1484. [PMID: 31514392 PMCID: PMC6780390 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic approach is presented for the preparation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-styrene) PNIPAM-b-PS via an Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) technique. The proposed method is based on application of 2-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)propanamide (NCPAE) as a bifunctional initiator, which enables ATRP of two monomers, differing in activity and polarity, into two stages. The synthesized copolymer molecules contain two well-defined polymer chains connected by a linker, which is a derivative of the proposed initiator. Using NCPAE led to PNIPAMs with well-planned molecular weight, low polydispersities (PDI=1.1÷1.3) and hydroxyl functionality. Activation of such blocks for initiation of styrene polymerization was performed using α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. After such a modification, the synthesized homopolymers acted as macroinitiators in ARGET ATRP and a well-defined polystyrene block, as the next one in the polymer chain was successfully formed. Both of the synthesized macromolecules, PNIPAM and PNIPAM-b-PS, exhibit a thermoresponsive behavior with explicit lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) in their aqueous solutions. The synthesized homopolymers and subsequently derived block copolymers were characterized using Size-Exclusion Chromatography, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, and NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Fedorczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Krzywicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Cieciórski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Megiel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kerscher B, Trötschler TM, Pásztói B, Gröer S, Szabó Á, Iván B, Mülhaupt R. Thermoresponsive Polymer Ionic Liquids and Nanostructured Hydrogels Based upon Amphiphilic Polyisobutylene-b-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerscher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Trötschler
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Pásztói
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Saskia Gröer
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ákos Szabó
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Y, Jones HB, Dao TP, Castañeda CA. Single Amino Acid Substitutions in Stickers, but Not Spacers, Substantially Alter UBQLN2 Phase Transitions and Dense Phase Material Properties. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3618-3629. [PMID: 30925840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UBQLN2 450-624 oligomerizes and undergoes temperature-responsive liquid-liquid phase transitions following a closed-loop temperature-concentration phase diagram. We recently showed that disease-linked mutations to UBQLN2 450-624 impart highly varying effects to its phase behavior, ranging from little change to significant decrease of saturation concentration and formation of gels and aggregates. However, how single mutations lead to these properties is unknown. Here, we use UBQLN2 450-624 as a model system to study the sequence determinants of phase separation. We hypothesized that UBQLN2 450-624 regions previously identified to promote its oligomerization are the "stickers" that drive interchain interactions and phase separation. We systematically investigated how phase behavior is affected by all 19 possible single amino acid substitutions at three sticker and two "spacer" (sequences separating stickers) positions. Overall, substitutions to stickers, but not spacers, substantially altered the shape of the phase diagram. Within the sticker regions, increasing hydrophobicity decreased saturation concentrations at low temperatures and enhanced oligomerization propensity and viscoelasticity of the dense phase. Conversely, substitutions to acidic residues at all positions greatly increased saturation concentrations. Our data demonstrate that single amino acid substitutions follow a molecular code to tune phase transition behavior of biopolymers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rifaie-Graham O, Pollard J, Raccio S, Balog S, Rusch S, Hernández-Castañeda MA, Mantel PY, Beck HP, Bruns N. Hemozoin-catalyzed precipitation polymerization as an assay for malaria diagnosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1369. [PMID: 30911004 PMCID: PMC6433922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to diagnose malaria are of paramount interest to eradicate the disease. Current methods have severe limitations, as they are either costly or not sensitive enough to detect low levels of parasitemia. Here we report an ultrasensitive, yet low-resource chemical assay for the detection and quantification of hemozoin, a biomarker of all Plasmodium species. Solubilized hemozoin catalyzes the atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide above the lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The solution becomes turbid, which can be observed by naked eye and quantified by UV-visible spectroscopy. The rate of turbidity increase is proportional to the concentration of hemozoin, with a detection limit of 0.85 ng mL-1. Malaria parasites in human blood can be detected down to 10 infected red blood cells μL-1. The assay could potentially be applied as a point-of-care test. The signal-amplification of an analyte by biocatalytic precipitation polymerization represents a powerful approach in biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Raccio
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rusch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben, 4000, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben, 4000, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Heyns IM, Pfukwa R, Bertossi L, Ball LE, Kelland MA, Klumperman B. Thermoresponsive behavior of poly(3-methylene-2-pyrrolidone) derivatives. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
42
|
Kocak G, Solmaz G, Tuncer C, Bütün V. Modification of glycidyl methacrylate based block copolymers and their aqueous solution behaviours. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Deng F, Wang Y, Lu X, Ding T. Probing hidden colloidal transitions with the assistance of surface plasmons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15742-15746. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the assistance of surface plasmons, a vesicle intermediate of Au@PNIPAM clusters is revealed during the cooling cycle, which is due to the co-aggregation of free PNIPAM beads and Au@PNIPAM aggregates in the heating cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Johnson EC, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion effects on thermoresponsive polymer brushes: Comparison to other architectures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:429-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240
| | - Lei Lei
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200240
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Becker G, Marquetant TA, Wagner M, Wurm FR. Multifunctional Poly(phosphoester)s for Reversible Diels–Alder Postmodification To Tune the LCST in Water. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Becker
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xue N, Qiu XP, Aseyev V, Winnik FM. Nonequilibrium Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Water/Methanol Mixtures. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Montreal, CP6128 Succursale Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Xing-Ping Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Montreal, CP6128 Succursale Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Montreal, CP6128 Succursale Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
- World
Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|