1
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Birch-Price Z, Hardy FJ, Lister TM, Kohn AR, Green AP. Noncanonical Amino Acids in Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8740-8786. [PMID: 38959423 PMCID: PMC11273360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) side chains. In this review, we will illustrate how the availability of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks has opened a wealth of new opportunities in enzymology and biocatalysis research. Genetic code reprogramming has provided new insights into enzyme mechanisms by allowing introduction of new spectroscopic probes and the targeted replacement of individual atoms or functional groups. NcAAs have also been used to develop engineered biocatalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as enzymes with artificial regulatory elements that are responsive to external stimuli. Perhaps most ambitiously, the combination of genetic code reprogramming and laboratory evolution has given rise to new classes of enzymes that use ncAAs as key catalytic elements. With the framework for developing ncAA-containing biocatalysts now firmly established, we are optimistic that genetic code reprogramming will become a progressively more powerful tool in the armory of enzyme designers and engineers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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2
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Saraiva NM, Alves A, Costa PC, Correia-da-Silva M. Click Chemistry in Polymersome Technology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:747. [PMID: 38931414 PMCID: PMC11206349 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes, self-assembled nanoparticles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers, have emerged as promising versatile nanovesicles with various applications, such as drug delivery, medical imaging, and diagnostics. The integration of click chemistry reactions, specifically the copper [I]-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), has greatly expanded the functionalisation and bioconjugation capabilities of polymersomes and new drugs, being this synergistic combination explored in this review. It also provides up-to-date examples of previous incorporations of click-compatible moieties (azide and alkyne functional groups) into polymer building blocks, enabling the "click" attachment of various functional groups and ligands, delving into the diverse range of click reactions that have been reported and employed for polymersome copolymer synthesis and the modification of polymersome surfaces, including ligand conjugation and surface modification. Overall, this review explores the current state-of-the-art of the combinatory usage, in recent years, of polymersomes with the click chemistry reaction, highlighting examples of studies of their synthesis and functionalisation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Saraiva
- LQOF—Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Alves
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.C.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.C.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- LQOF—Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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3
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Lugtenburg T, Gran-Scheuch A, Drienovská I. Non-canonical amino acids as a tool for the thermal stabilization of enzymes. Protein Eng Des Sel 2023; 36:gzad003. [PMID: 36897290 PMCID: PMC10064326 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become a powerful alternative for green chemistry. Expanding the range of amino acids used in protein biosynthesis can improve industrially appealing properties such as enantioselectivity, activity and stability. This review will specifically delve into the thermal stability improvements that non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) can confer to enzymes. Methods to achieve this end, such as the use of halogenated ncAAs, selective immobilization and rational design, will be discussed. Additionally, specific enzyme design considerations using ncAAs are discussed along with the benefits and limitations of the various approaches available to enhance the thermal stability of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lugtenburg
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Gran-Scheuch
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Drienovská
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Toebes BJ, Wilson DA. Membrane folding and shape transformation in biomimetic vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1724-1730. [PMID: 33464275 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric self-assembled structures have been a topic of interest in the last few decades, specifically for the use of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery. It is exciting to investigate the formation of various shapes and sizes of such structures, as the morphology is crucial for their function. In this manuscript the important factors to control the morphology during self-assembly and subsequent shape transformation processes are discussed. We describe the main parameters to control and show the practical application of these parameters on biodegradable amphiphilic PEG-PDLLA block-copolymers. Thereby a variety of different morphologies, including micelles, worms, LCVs, discs, rods, stomatocytes, nested vesicles, and spherical vesicles of various sizes are created using only four diblock-copolymers and with careful tuning of two organic solvents. Further advances will lead to formation of more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jelle Toebes
- Systems Chemistry Department, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Systems Chemistry Department, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Dou J, Yang R, Du K, Li Y, Huang X, Chen D. Fabrication of the Polymersomes with Unique and Even Nonequilibrium Morphologies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000504. [PMID: 33210372 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, efficient fabrication of polymersomes that have unique and nonequilibrium morphologies is reported. Starting from preparing big polymeric vesicles sized around 2 µm with a flexible but crosslinkable structure, a controllable morphological transformation process from the vesicles via prolate vesicles and the pearl-chain-like structure, which are the two intermediate structures, to vesicle-end-capped tubes is conducted. Significantly, each of the intermediates is a regular polymersome and occupies a distinct phase space in the transformation process and thus can be separately processed and prepared. By crosslinking the structures, respectively, regular polymersomes with unique but stable morphologies are fabricated. Furthermore, the 1D polymersomes contain narrow necks. These narrow necks are sensitive to ultrasound vibration and broken by gentle ultrasound treatment to form regular open-ended tubes and open-ended vesicles, which are nonequilibrium but stable morphologies and difficult to prepare by existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkang Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kun Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanran Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiayun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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6
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Nishimura T, Shishi S, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Thermoresponsive Polysaccharide Graft Polymer Vesicles with Tunable Size and Structural Memory. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11784-11790. [PMID: 32506909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling polymer vesicle size is difficult and a major obstacle for their potential use in biomedical applications, such as drug-delivery carriers and nanoreactors. Herein, we report size-tunable polymer vesicles based on self-assembly of a thermoresponsive amphiphilic graft copolymer. Unilamellar polymer vesicles form upon heating chilled polymer solutions, and vesicle size can be tuned in the range of 40-70 nm by adjusting the initial polymer concentration. Notably, the polymer can reversibly switch between a monomer state and a vesicle state in accordance with a cooling/heating cycle, which changes neither the size nor the size distribution of the vesicles. This lack of change suggests that the polymer memorizes a particular vesicle conformation. Given our vesicles' size tunability and structural memory, our research considerably expands the fundamental and practical scope of thermoresponsive amphiphilic graft copolymers and renders amphiphilic graft copolymers useful tools for synthesizing functional self-assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shen Shishi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Rijpkema S, Langens SGHA, van der Kolk MR, Gavriel K, Toebes BJ, Wilson DA. Modular Approach to the Functionalization of Polymersomes. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1853-1864. [PMID: 32032491 PMCID: PMC7218747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing polymersomes remains a challenge due to the limitation in reaction conditions applicable to the chemistry on the surface, hindering their application for selective targeting. In order to overcome this limitation, functionalization can be introduced right before the self-assembly. Here, we have synthesized a library (32 examples) of PEG-b-PS and PEG-b-PDLLA with various functional groups derived from the amine-functionalized polymers, leading to functionally active polymersomes. We show that polymersome formation is possible via the general method with all functionalized groups and that these handles are present on the surface and are able to undergo reactions. Additionally, this methodology provides a general synthetic tool to tailor the functional group of the polymersome right before self-assembly, without limitation on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd
J. Rijpkema
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine G. H. A. Langens
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix R. van der Kolk
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina Gavriel
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Jelle Toebes
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Gai M, Simon J, Lieberwirth I, Mailänder V, Morsbach S, Landfester K. A bio-orthogonal functionalization strategy for site-specific coupling of antibodies on vesicle surfaces after self-assembly. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attaching targeting ligands on the surface of self-assembled drug delivery systems is one of the key requests for a controlled transport of the drug to a desired location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Gai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Dermatology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Dermatology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
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9
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Modular Approach for the Design of Smart Polymeric Nanocapsules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800577. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iyisan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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10
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Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K. Biotransporting Biocatalytic Reactors toward Therapeutic Nanofactories. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800801. [PMID: 30479925 PMCID: PMC6247036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems (DDSs), in which drug encapsulation in nanoparticles enables targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and their release at specific disease sites, are important because they improve drug efficacy and help to decrease side effects. Although significant progress has been made in the development of DDSs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, new approaches that increase the scope and effectiveness of such systems are still needed. Concepts such as nanoreactors and nanofactories are therefore attracting much attention. Nanoreactors, which basically consist of vesicle-encapsulated enzymes, provide prodrug conversion to therapeutic agents rather than simple drug delivery. Nanofactories are an extension of this concept and combine the features of nanoreactors and delivery carriers. Here, the required features of nanofactories are discussed and an overview of current strategies for the design and fabrication of different types of nanoreactors, i.e., systems based on lipid or polymer vesicles, capsules, mesoporous silica, viral capsids, and hydrogels, and their respective advantages and shortcomings, is provided. In vivo applications of biocatalytic reactors in the treatment of cancer, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and alcohol intoxication are also discussed. Finally, the prospects for further progress in this important and promising field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- ERATO Bio‐Nanotransporter ProjectJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8530Japan
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11
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Klermund L, Castiglione K. Polymersomes as nanoreactors for preparative biocatalytic applications: current challenges and future perspectives. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1233-1246. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Petit J, Thomi L, Schultze J, Makowski M, Negwer I, Koynov K, Herminghaus S, Wurm FR, Bäumchen O, Landfester K. A modular approach for multifunctional polymersomes with controlled adhesive properties. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:894-900. [PMID: 29303200 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology involves the engineering of synthetic cells by designing biological and chemical building blocks, which can be combined in order to mimic cellular functions. The first step for mimicking a living cell is the design of an appropriate compartment featuring a multifunctional membrane. This is of particular interest since it allows for the selective attachment of different groups or molecules to the membrane. In this context, we report on a modular approach for polymeric vesicles, so-called polymersomes, with a multifunctional surface, namely hydroxyl, alkyne and acrylate groups. We demonstrate that the surface of the polymersome can be functionalized to facilitate imaging, via fluorescent dyes, or to improve the specific adhesion to surfaces by using a biotin functionalization. This generally applicable multifunctionality allows for the covalent integration of various molecules in the membrane of a synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Petit
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Laura Thomi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Schultze
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marcin Makowski
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Inka Negwer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stephan Herminghaus
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Oliver Bäumchen
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Liu X, Appelhans D, Zhang T, Voit B. Rapid Synthesis of Dual-Responsive Hollow Capsules with Controllable Membrane Thickness by Surface-Initiated SET-LRP Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Leibniz-Institute
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organic
Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institute
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Organic
Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institute
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organic
Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Rideau E, Dimova R, Schwille P, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Liposomes and polymersomes: a comparative review towards cell mimicking. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8572-8610. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Minimal cells: we compare and contrast liposomes and polymersomes for a bettera priorichoice and design of vesicles and try to understand the advantages and shortcomings associated with using one or the other in many different aspects (properties, synthesis, self-assembly, applications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces
- Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
- 82152 Martinsried
- Germany
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15
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Agostini F, Völler J, Koksch B, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Kubyshkin V, Budisa N. Biocatalysis with Unnatural Amino Acids: Enzymology Meets Xenobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9680-9703. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agostini
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry—Organic ChemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan‐Stefan Völler
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry—Organic ChemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10 10623 Berlin Germany
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16
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Biokatalyse mit nicht‐natürlichen Aminosäuren: Enzymologie trifft Xenobiologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Zhou F, Ren G, Zheng Q, Chen H, Gao B, Klivansky L, Liu Y, Wu B, Xu Q, Lu J, Sharpless KB, Wu P. SuFEx-Based Polysulfonate Formation from Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride-Amine Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11203-11208. [PMID: 28792119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The SuFEx-based polycondensation between bisalkylsulfonyl fluorides (AA monomers) and bisphenol bis(t-butyldimethylsilyl) ethers (BB monomers) using [Ph3 P=N-PPh3 ]+ [HF2 ]- as the catalyst is described. The AA monomers were prepared via the highly reliable Michael addition of ethenesulfonyl fluoride and amines/anilines while the BB monomers were obtained from silylation of bisphenols by t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride. With these reactions, a remarkable diversity of monomeric building blocks was achieved by exploiting readily available amines, anilines, and bisphenols as starting materials. The SuFEx-based polysulfonate formation reaction exhibited excellent efficiency and functional group tolerance, producing polysulfonates with a variety of side chain functionalities in >99 % conversion within 10 min to 1 h. When bearing an orthogonal group on the side chain, the polysulfonates can be further functionalized via click-chemistry-based post-polymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Gerui Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Liana Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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18
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Wang H, Zhou F, Ren G, Zheng Q, Chen H, Gao B, Klivansky L, Liu Y, Wu B, Xu Q, Lu J, Sharpless KB, Wu P. SuFEx‐Based Polysulfonate Formation from Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride–Amine Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Gerui Ren
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Liana Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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19
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Aphinyan S, Geethalakshmi KR, Yeo J, Shakouri A, Ng TY. Numerical characterization of ultraviolet ink fluid agglomeration and the surfactant effect in nanoinkjet printing. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suphanat Aphinyan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - K. R. Geethalakshmi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Institute of High Performance Computing; A*STAR, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amir Shakouri
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Teng Yong Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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20
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Garni M, Thamboo S, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. Biopores/membrane proteins in synthetic polymer membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:619-638. [PMID: 27984019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mimicking cell membranes by simple models based on the reconstitution of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers represents a straightforward approach to understand biological function of these proteins. This biomimetic strategy has been extended to synthetic membranes that have advantages in terms of chemical and mechanical stability, thus providing more robust hybrid membranes. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW We present here how membrane proteins and biopores have been inserted both in the membrane of nanosized and microsized compartments, and in planar membranes under various conditions. Such bio-hybrid membranes have new properties (as for example, permeability to ions/molecules), and functionality depending on the specificity of the inserted biomolecules. Interestingly, membrane proteins can be functionally inserted in synthetic membranes provided these have appropriate properties to overcome the high hydrophobic mismatch between the size of the biomolecule and the membrane thickness. MAJOR CONCLUSION Functional insertion of membrane proteins and biopores in synthetic membranes of compartments or in planar membranes is possible by an appropriate selection of the amphiphilic copolymers, and conditions of the self-assembly process. These hybrid membranes have new properties and functionality based on the specificity of the biomolecules and the nature of the synthetic membranes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Bio-hybrid membranes represent new solutions for the development of nanoreactors, artificial organelles or active surfaces/membranes that, by further gaining in complexity and functionality, will promote translational applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid order/lipid defects and lipid-control of protein activity edited by Dirk Schneider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garni
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Switzerland
| | - Sagana Thamboo
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Switzerland.
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21
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Mason AF, Thordarson P. Polymersomes with Asymmetric Membranes Based on Readily Accessible Di- and Triblock Copolymers Synthesized via SET-LRP. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1172-1175. [PMID: 35658179 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of nature is compartmentalization, and natural cell membranes are often asymmetric in terms of the inner and outer side. This communication describes work toward synthesizing such an asymmetric membrane from the bottom-up. A family of amphiphilic di- and triblock copolymers were synthesized via Cu(0)-mediated single electron transfer-living radical polymerization with the aim to generate polymer vesicles, or polymersomes, with an asymmetric membrane. Self-assembly of these polymeric amphiphiles in aqueous media was investigated using asymmetric field-flow fractionation and cryo-electron microscopy. Utilizing mixtures of diblock copolymers with differing hydrophilic moieties resulted in the formation of vesicles with an asymmetric segregation of charge between the inner and outer leaflet, confirmed by zeta potential measurements. These polymers, synthesized in good yields and using a biologically compatible method to induce self-assembly, have a promising range of applications from nanomedicine to synthetic cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. Mason
- School
of Chemistry, the
Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School
of Chemistry, the
Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Rikken RSM, Engelkamp H, Nolte RJM, Maan JC, van Hest JCM, Wilson DA, Christianen PCM. Shaping polymersomes into predictable morphologies via out-of-equilibrium self-assembly. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12606. [PMID: 27558520 PMCID: PMC5007325 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes are bilayer vesicles, self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers. They are versatile nanocapsules with adjustable properties, such as flexibility, permeability, size and functionality. However, so far no methodological approach to control their shape exists. Here we demonstrate a mechanistically fully understood procedure to precisely control polymersome shape via an out-of-equilibrium process. Carefully selecting osmotic pressure and permeability initiates controlled deflation, resulting in transient capsule shapes, followed by reinflation of the polymersomes. The shape transformation towards stomatocytes, bowl-shaped vesicles, was probed with magnetic birefringence, permitting us to stop the process at any intermediate shape in the phase diagram. Quantitative electron microscopy analysis of the different morphologies reveals that this shape transformation proceeds via a long-predicted hysteretic deflation-inflation trajectory, which can be understood in terms of bending energy. Because of the high degree of controllability and predictability, this study provides the design rules for accessing polymersomes with all possible different shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S M Rikken
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Engelkamp
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Maan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J C M van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P C M Christianen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Klermund L, Poschenrieder ST, Castiglione K. Simple surface functionalization of polymersomes using non-antibacterial peptide anchors. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:48. [PMID: 27334900 PMCID: PMC4918069 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hollow vesicles formed from block copolymers, so-called polymersomes, have been extensively studied in the last decade for their various applications in drug delivery, in diagnostics and as nanoreactors. The immobilization of proteins on the polymersomes’ surface can aid in cell targeting, lead to functional biosensors or add an additional reaction space for multistep syntheses. In almost all surface functionalization strategies to date, a chemical pre-conjugation of the polymer with a reactive group or ligand and the functionalization of the protein are required. To avoid chemical pre-conjugation, we investigated the simple and quick functionalization of preformed poly(2-methyloxazoline)-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA) polymersomes through the spontaneous insertion of four hydrophobic, non-antibacterial peptide anchors into the membrane to display enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) on the polymersomes’ surface. Results Three of the four hydrophobic peptides, the transmembrane domains of a eukaryotic cytochrome b5, of the viral lysis protein L and of the yeast syntaxin VAM3 could be recombinantly expressed as soluble eGFP-fusion proteins and spontaneously inserted into the polymeric membrane. Characterization of the surface functionalization revealed that peptide insertion was linearly dependent on the protein concentration and possible at a broad temperature range of 4–42 °C. Up to 2320 ± 280 eGFP molecules were immobilized on a single polymersome, which is in agreement with the calculated maximum loading capacity. The peptide insertion was stable without disrupting membrane integrity as shown in calcein leakage experiments and the functionalized polymersomes remained stable for at least 6 weeks. Conclusion The surface functionalization of polymersomes with hydrophilic proteins can be mediated by several peptide anchors in a spontaneous process at extremely mild insertion conditions and without the need of pre-conjugating polymers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0205-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Klermund
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sarah T Poschenrieder
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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24
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Chen L, Peng Z, Zeng Z, She Y, Wei J, Chen Y. Hairy polymeric nanocapsules with ph-responsive shell and thermoresponsive brushes: Tunable permeability for controlled release of water-soluble drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yingqi She
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Junchao Wei
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
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25
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Qi W, Ghoroghchian PP, Li G, Hammer DA, Therien MJ. Aqueous self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) copolymers: disparate diblock copolymer compositions give rise to nano- and meso-scale bilayered vesicles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10908-15. [PMID: 24056924 PMCID: PMC3867976 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles formed from diblock copolymers of FDA approved PEO and PCL have generated considerable interest as in vivo drug delivery vehicles. Herein, we report the synthesis of the most extensive family PEO-b-PCL copolymers that vary over the largest range of number-average molecular weights (Mn: 3.6-57k), PEO weight fractions (fPEO: 0.08-0.33), and PEO chain lengths (0.75-5.8k) reported to date. These polymers were synthesized in order to establish the full range of aqueous phase behaviours of these diblock copolymers and to specifically identify formulations that were able to generate bilayered vesicles (polymersomes). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was utilized in order to visualize the morphology of these structures upon aqueous self-assembly of dry polymer films. Nanoscale polymersomes were formed from PEO-b-PCL copolymers over a wide range of PEO weight fractions (fPEO: 0.14-0.27) and PEO molecular weights (0.75-3.8k) after extrusion of aqueous suspensions. Comparative morphology diagrams, which describe the nature of self-assembled structures as a function of diblock copolymer molecular weight and PEO weight fraction, show that in contrast to micron-scale polymersomes, which form only from a limited range of PEO-b-PCL diblock copolymer compositions, a multiplicity of PEO-b-PCL diblock copolymer compositions are able to give rise to nanoscale vesicles. These data underscore that PEO-b-PCL compositions that spontaneously form micron-sized polymersomes, as well as those that have previously been reported to form polymersomes via a cosolvent fabrication system, provide only limited insights into the distribution of PEO-b-PCL diblocks that give rise to nanoscale vesicles. The broad range of polymersome-forming PEO-b-PCL compositions described herein suggest the ability to construct extensive families of nanoscale vesicles of varied bilayer thickness, providing the ability to tune the timescales of vesicle degradation and encapsulant release based on the intended in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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26
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Kihara Y, Ichikawa T, Abe S, Nemoto N, Ishihara T, Hirano N, Haruki M. Synthesis of alkyne-functionalized amphiphilic polysiloxane polymers and formation of nanoemulsions conjugated with bioactive molecules by click reactions. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Goldmann AS, Glassner M, Inglis AJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Post-Functionalization of Polymers via Orthogonal Ligation Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:810-49. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Sugai N, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Synthesis of Orientationally Isomeric Cyclic Stereoblock Polylactides with Head-to-Head and Head-to-Tail Linkages of the Enantiomeric Segments. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:902-906. [PMID: 35607141 DOI: 10.1021/mz300086v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A pair of orientationally isomeric cyclic stereoblock polylactides (PLAs) possessing head-to-head (HH) and head-to-tail (HT) linkages between the poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) segments was synthesized through click chemistry and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of three asymmetrically functionalized telechelic precursors. Thus, α-ethenyl-ω-azido-PLLA (2a) was reacted with α-ethenyl-ω-ethynyl-PDLA (2b) and α-ethynyl-ω-ethenyl-PDLA (2c) via click chemistry to form ethenyl telechelic stereoblock PLAs with HH and HT orientations (3a and 3b), respectively. The subsequent RCM produced cyclic stereoblock PLAs with the corresponding linking manners (4a and 4b). The effect of the topology on the melting temperature of the series of isomeric linear and cyclic PLAs having the contrastive linking orientations was systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sugai
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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29
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Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic PLA-(PαN3CL-g-PBA) copolymers by ring-opening polymerization and click reaction. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Such GK, Johnston AP, Liang K, Caruso F. Synthesis and functionalization of nanoengineered materials using click chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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de Hoog HPM, Nallani M, Liedberg B. A facile and fast method for the functionalization of polymersomes by photoinduced cycloaddition chemistry. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Su RJ, Yang HW, Leu YL, Hua MY, Lee RS. Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic functional polyesters by ring-opening polymerization and click reaction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Palivan CG, Fischer-Onaca O, Delcea M, Itel F, Meier W. Protein–polymer nanoreactors for medical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2800-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Peters RJRW, Louzao I, van Hest JCM. From polymeric nanoreactors to artificial organelles. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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35
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Huang X, Appelhans D, Formanek P, Simon F, Voit B. Synthesis of Well-Defined Photo-Cross-Linked Polymeric Nanocapsules by Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petr Formanek
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Simon
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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36
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Petkau K, Kaeser A, Fischer I, Brunsveld L, Schenning APHJ. Pre- and postfunctionalized self-assembled π-conjugated fluorescent organic nanoparticles for dual targeting. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17063-71. [PMID: 21913650 DOI: 10.1021/ja2075345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a high demand for novel approaches to engineer fluorescent nanoparticles with precise surface properties suitable for various applications, including imaging and sensing. To this end, we report a facile and highly reproducible one-step method for generating functionalized fluorescent organic nanoparticles via self-assembly of prefunctionalized π-conjugated oligomers. The engineered design of the nonionic amphiphilic oligomers enables the introduction of different ligands at the extremities of inert ethylene glycol side chains without interfering with the self-assembly process. The intrinsic fluorescence of the nanoparticles permits the measurement of their surface properties and binding to dye-labeled target molecules via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Co-assembly of differently functionalized oligomers is also demonstrated, which enables the tuning of ligand composition and density. Furthermore, nanoparticle prefunctionalization has been combined with subsequent postmodification of azide-bearing oligomers via click chemistry. This allows for expanding ligand diversity at two independent stages in the nanoparticle fabrication process. The practicability of the different methods entails greater control over surface functionality. Through labeling with different ligands, selective binding of proteins, bacteria, and functionalized beads to the nanoparticles has been achieved. This, in combination with the absence of unspecific adsorption, clearly demonstrates the broad potential of these nanoparticles for selective targeting and sequestration. Therefore, controlled bifunctionalization of fluorescent π-conjugated oligomer nanoparticles represents a novel approach with high applicability to multitargeted imaging and sensing in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petkau
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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37
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Lee RS, Wu KP. Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive block-graft PNiPAAm-b
-(PαN3
CL-g
-alkyne) copolymers by ring-opening polymerization and click reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Preparation of peptide- and protein-based molecular assemblies and their utilizations as nanocarriers for tumor imaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Guo J, Chen G, Ning X, Wolfert MA, Li X, Xu B, Boons GJ. Surface modification of polymeric micelles by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions. Chemistry 2011; 16:13360-6. [PMID: 21077066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Organomicelles modified by surface dibenzylcyclooctyne moieties can conveniently be functionalized by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions. The ligation approach is highly efficient, does not require toxic reagents and is compatible with a wide variety of functional modules. Interactions of proteins with surface ligands of the micelles have been studied by AFM, which revealed that it leads to disassembly of the particles thereby providing a mechanism for triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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van Dongen SFM, Verdurmen WPR, Peters RJRW, Nolte RJM, Brock R, van Hest JCM. Cellular integration of an enzyme-loaded polymersome nanoreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:7213-6. [PMID: 20737527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F M van Dongen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Meeuwissen SA, Rioz-Martínez A, de Gonzalo G, Fraaije MW, Gotor V, van Hest JCM. Cofactor regeneration in polymersome nanoreactors: enzymatically catalysed Baeyer–Villiger reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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van Dongen SFM, Verdurmen WPR, Peters RJRW, Nolte RJM, Brock R, van Hest JCM. Cellular Integration of an Enzyme-Loaded Polymersome Nanoreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Roodbeen R, van Hest JCM. Synthetic cells and organelles: compartmentalization strategies. Bioessays 2010; 31:1299-308. [PMID: 19877005 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA replicating protocells and capsules that enclose complex biosynthetic cascade reactions are encouraging signs that we are gradually getting better at mastering the complexity of biological systems. The road to truly cellular compartments is still very long, but concrete progress is being made. Compartmentalization is a crucial natural methodology to enable control over biological processes occurring within the living cell. In fact, compartmentalization has been considered by some theories to be instrumental in the creation of life. With the advancement of chemical biology, artificial compartments that can mimic the cell as a whole, or that can be regarded as cell organelles, have recently received much attention. The membrane between the inner and outer environment of the compartment has to meet specific requirements, such as semi-permeability, to allow communication and molecular transport over the border. The membrane can either be built from natural constituents or from synthetic polymers, introducing robustness to the capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Roodbeen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kim KT, Meeuwissen SA, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM. Smart nanocontainers and nanoreactors. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:844-858. [PMID: 20648280 DOI: 10.1039/b9nr00409b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We highlight recent advances in the synthesis of nanocarriers and nanoreactors from synthetic and biological building blocks with emphasis on the stimulus-responsive regulation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Taek Kim
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525, AJ, The Netherlands
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Lee RS, Huang YT. Tuning the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of block-graft copolymers by click strategy: synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic PCL-b-(PαN3CL-g-PBA) copolymers. Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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