1
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Yu Z, Jackson NE. Chemically Transferable Electronic Coarse Graining for Polythiophenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39370933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in machine-learning-based electronic coarse graining (ECG) methods have demonstrated the potential to enable electronic predictions in soft materials at mesoscopic length scales. However, previous ECG models have yet to confront the issue of chemical transferability. In this study, we develop chemically transferable ECG models for polythiophenes using graph neural networks. Our models are trained on a data set that samples over the conformational space of random polythiophene sequences generated with 15 different monomer chemistries and three different degrees of polymerization. We systematically explore the impact of coarse-grained representation on ECG accuracy, highlighting the significance of preserving the C-β coordinates in thiophene. We also find that integrating unique polymer sequences into training enhances the model performance more efficiently than augmenting conformational sampling for sequences already in the training data set. Moreover, our ECG models, developed initially for one property and one level of quantum chemical theory, can be efficiently transferred to related properties and higher levels of theory with minimal additional data. The chemically transferable ECG model introduced in this work will serve as a foundation model for new classes of chemically transferable ECG predictions across chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Hicks GEJ, Li S, Obhi NK, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Seferos DS. Programmable Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006287. [PMID: 34085725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sheng Li
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nimrat K Obhi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Charlie Maier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Manion JG, Panchuk JR, Seferos DS. Applying Heteroatom Substitution in Organic Photovoltaics. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1113-1122. [PMID: 30793821 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) has been a central focus of research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for well over a decade. Due to their controlled synthesis P3ATs have proven to be a vital model system for developing an understanding of the effects of polymer structure on optoelectronic properties and blend morphology in bulk heterojunction OPVs. Similar to their thiophene counterparts, selenophene and tellurophene can be polymerized in a controlled manner. As single atom substitution results in significant differences in absorption, charge transport and self-assembly these model systems provide a unique opportunity to probe fundamental structure-property relationships. In this account, we provide an overview of our work on copolymers of thiophene and selenophene and examine how the optoelectronic and morphological behavior of these materials can be strategically adjusted through polymer design. We also highlight recent developments on poly(3-alkyltellurophene) and comment on its future in fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3E5
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6
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Obhi NK, Peda DM, Kynaston EL, Seferos DS. Exploring the Graft-To Synthesis of All-Conjugated Comb Copolymers Using Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat K. Obhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Denise M. Peda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emily L. Kynaston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Kynaston EL, Nazemi A, MacFarlane LR, Whittell GR, Faul CFJ, Manners I. Uniform Polyselenophene Block Copolymer Fiberlike Micelles and Block Co-micelles via Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Kynaston
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ali Nazemi
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Liam R. MacFarlane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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8
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Shida N, Okazaki D, Kurioka T, Nishiyama H, Seferos DS, Tomita I, Inagi S. Anodic Chlorination of Selenophene-Containing Polymers: Reaction Efficiency and Selective Reaction of Single Segment in Rod−Rod Diblockcopolymer. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Daichi Okazaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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9
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Verheyen L, Leysen P, Van Den Eede MP, Ceunen W, Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Synthesis of conjugated copolymers by combining different coupling reactions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different coupling reactions are combined in the same copolymerization to tune the structure of the resulting conjugated copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hardeman
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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11
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Wang SF, Liu YN, Yang J, Tao YT, Guo Y, Cao XD, Zhang ZG, Li YF, Huang W. Orthogonal solubility in fully conjugated donor-acceptor block copolymers: Compatibilizers for polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Hardeman T, De Becker J, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the halogen and organometallic function in a KCTP (Co)polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Hardeman
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Jasmine De Becker
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
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13
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Yan H, Manion JG, Yuan M, García de Arquer FP, McKeown GR, Beaupré S, Leclerc M, Sargent EH, Seferos DS. Increasing Polymer Solar Cell Fill Factor by Trap-Filling with F4-TCNQ at Parts Per Thousand Concentration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6491-6496. [PMID: 27171655 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic traps in organic semiconductors can be eliminated by trap-filling with F4-TCNQ. Photovoltaic tests show that devices with F4-TCNQ at parts per thousand concentration outperform control devices due to an improved fill factor. Further studies confirm the trap-filling pathway and demonstrate the general nature of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - George R McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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14
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Ponder JF, Pittelli SL, Reynolds JR. Heteroatom Role in Polymeric Dioxyselenophene/Dioxythiophene Systems for Color and Redox Control. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:714-717. [PMID: 35614662 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a solution processable dioxythiophene-alt-dioxyselenophene polymer, ProDOT-EDOS, prepared via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization is reported and its optical and electrochemical properties are compared to the all thiophene analog, ProDOT-EDOT, and other relevant dioxythiophene polymers. By substituting the sulfur atom for a selenium atom on one of the monomers in the repeat unit a significant red-shift of both the neutral (41 nm, 132 meV) and polaronic (106 nm, 126 meV) absorbances results, as well as a 160 mV reduction in the onset of oxidation compared to ProDOT-EDOT. Spray-cast films of the polymer electrochemically switch from a vibrant blue charge neutral state to a color neutral and highly transmissive oxidized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Ponder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Sandra L. Pittelli
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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15
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Tsai CH, Fortney A, Qiu Y, Gil RR, Yaron D, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Conjugated Polymers with Repeated Sequences of Group 16 Heterocycles Synthesized through Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6798-804. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andria Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Roberto R. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Ye S, Steube M, Carrera EI, Seferos DS. What Limits the Molecular Weight and Controlled Synthesis of Poly(3-alkyltellurophene)s? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Marvin Steube
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 10-14 Duesbergweg, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisa I. Carrera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Yokozawa T, Ohta Y. Transformation of Step-Growth Polymerization into Living Chain-Growth Polymerization. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1950-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department
of Material and
Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department
of Material and
Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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18
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Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. The Synthesis of Poly(thiophene-co-fluorene) Gradient Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Hardeman
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
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19
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Kynaston EL, Gould OEC, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Winnik MA, Manners I. Fiber-Like Micelles from the Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Poly(3-heptylselenophene)-block
-Polystyrene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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20
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Chiu CC, Wu HC, Lu C, Chen JY, Chen WC. New poly(selenophene–thiophene) bearing π-conjugating spacers for polymer field-effect transistors and photovoltaic cells. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new poly(selenophene–thiophene) were synthesized for polymer optoelectronic applications. The hole field effect mobility and polymer photovoltaic power conversion efficiency could be as high as 0.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.3 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chou Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 10617
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 10617
| | - Chien Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 10617
| | - Jung-Yao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 10617
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 10617
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21
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Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Intramolecular catalyst transfer polymerisation of conjugated monomers: from lessons learned to future challenges. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven years after the first reports on intramolecular catalyst transfer polycondensations, this review aims to critically recap on the fundamental “lessons” that can be learned from the historic literature as well as from the fervid activity that has emerged in the last three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grisorio
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
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22
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Mahrok AK, Carrera EI, Tilley AJ, Ye S, Seferos DS. Synthesis and photophysical properties of platinum-acetylide copolymers with thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5475-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of platinum-acetylide copolymers with thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene have been synthesized and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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23
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Carrera EI, Seferos DS. Semiconducting Polymers Containing Tellurium: Perspectives Toward Obtaining High-Performance Materials. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I. Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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24
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Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Steering Poly(thiophene) Properties by Incorporation of Phenyl Groups. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Hardeman
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
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25
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Jeffries-EL M, Kobilka BM, Hale BJ. Optimizing the Performance of Conjugated Polymers in Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Traversing Group 16. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501236v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Jeffries-EL
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brandon M. Kobilka
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Hale
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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26
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Hollinger J, Seferos DS. Morphology Control of Selenophene–Thiophene Block Copolymers through Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hollinger
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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27
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Patra A, Kumar R, Chand S. Selenium-Containing π-Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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29
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Moghe D, Dutta GK, Patil S, Guha S. Photocurrent spectroscopic studies of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based statistical copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4291-8. [PMID: 24452360 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54644f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) containing copolymers have gained a lot of interest in organic optoelectronics with great potential in organic photovoltaics. In this work, DPP based statistical copolymers, with slightly different bandgap energies and a varying fraction of donor-acceptor ratio are investigated using monochromatic photocurrent spectroscopy and Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS). The statistical copolymer with a lower DPP fraction, when blended with a fullerene derivative, shows the signature of an inter charge transfer complex state in photocurrent spectroscopy. Furthermore, the absorption spectrum of the blended sample with a lower DPP fraction is seen to change as a function of an external bias, qualitatively similar to the quantum confined Stark effect, from where we estimate the exciton binding energy. The statistical copolymer with a higher DPP fraction shows no signal of the inter charge transfer states and yields a higher external quantum efficiency in a photovoltaic structure. In order to gain insight into the origin of the observed charge transfer transitions, we present theoretical studies using density-functional theory and time-dependent density-functional theory for the two pristine DPP based statistical monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Moghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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30
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Pensack RD, Song Y, McCormick TM, Jahnke AA, Hollinger J, Seferos DS, Scholes GD. Evidence for the Rapid Conversion of Primary Photoexcitations to Triplet States in Seleno- and Telluro- Analogues of Poly(3-hexylthiophene). J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2589-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5013347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Theresa M. McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashlee A. Jahnke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jon Hollinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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31
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Carrera EI, McCormick TM, Kapp MJ, Lough AJ, Seferos DS. Thermal and Photoreductive Elimination from the Tellurium Center of π-Conjugated Tellurophenes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13779-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I. Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Theresa M. McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Marius J. Kapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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32
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Bryan ZJ, McNeil AJ. Conjugated Polymer Synthesis via Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation (CTP): Mechanism, Scope, and Applications. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401314x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Bryan
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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33
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Gao D, Djukic B, Shi W, Bridges CR, Kozycz LM, Seferos DS. Evolution of the electron mobility in polymer solar cells with different fullerene acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8038-8043. [PMID: 23845022 DOI: 10.1021/am402100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evolution of the electron mobility of two different acceptors, [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA), in a poly(3-hexylthiophene) blend solar cell during a prolonged thermal aging process. High electron mobility does not correlate with the best device performance in our study of the P3HT:PC71BM and P3HT:ICBA systems. Very little changes are observed in the polymer crystallinity as a function of time. The evolution of the acceptor appears to be the dominant factor that leads to long-term changes in the device performance. The electron mobility evolves differently in PC71BM and ICBA systems, which highlights the importance of the fullerene molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6 Canada
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34
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Bridges CR, McCormick TM, Gibson GL, Hollinger J, Seferos DS. Designing and Refining Ni(II)diimine Catalysts Toward the Controlled Synthesis of Electron-Deficient Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13212-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4073904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin R. Bridges
- Department of
Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Theresa M. McCormick
- Department of
Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory L. Gibson
- Department of
Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jon Hollinger
- Department of
Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of
Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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