1
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Xiang S, Wagner J, Lückerath T, Müllen K, Ng DYW, Hedrich J, Weil T. Reversing Aβ Fibrillation and Inhibiting Aβ Primary Neuronal Cell Toxicity Using Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendrons. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101854. [PMID: 34748685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrillation leads to the deposition of neurotoxic amyloid plaques and is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Inhibiting Aβ monomer fibrillation and dissociation of the formed fibers is regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrons (APDs) are demonstrated to interrupt Aβ assembly and reduce Aβ-cell interactions. Containing alternating negatively charged sulfonic acid and hydrophobic n-propyl peripheral groups, APDs bind to the secondary structure of the Aβ aggregates, inhibiting fibrillation and disassemble the already formed Aβ fibrils. APDs reveal vesicular cellular uptake in endosomes as well as cell compatibility for endothelial and neuronal cells, and significantly reduce Aβ-induced neuron cytotoxicity in vitro. Moreover, they are transported into the brain and successfully cross the blood-brain barrier after systemic application in mice, indicating their high potential to inhibit Aβ fibrillation in vivo, which can be beneficial for developing therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Thorsten Lückerath
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Jana Hedrich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
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3
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Engineering surface amphiphilicity of polymer nanostructures. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Hu B, Liu R, Liu Q, Lin Z, Shi Y, Li J, Wang L, Li L, Xiao X, Wu Y. Engineering surface patterns on nanoparticles: New insights on nano-bio interactions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2357-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles affect their fates in biological systems. Based on nanotechnology and methodology, pioneering works have explored the effects of chemical surface patterns on the behavior of...
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5
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Karunakaran J, Qiu H, Balaraman E. Synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks using cyclopentadienones via the Diels–Alder strategy. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we briefly summarize the versatility of Diels–Alder reactions of cyclopentadienones and concise routes to diverse hetero-atom bearing PAHs using cyclones as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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6
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He H, Zheng H, Ma M, Shi Y, Gao Z, Chen S, Wang X. Peripheral groups of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core-based dendrimers: a crucial factor for higher-level supra-architecture building. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12146-12153. [PMID: 32490499 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of peripheral groups (PGs) on dendrimers in the spontaneous higher-level organization of hierarchically assembled nanofibers was investigated in a series of POSS-based dendritic gelators (POSS-Lys-X, X: -Boc, -Cbz, -Fmoc, etc.). We demonstrate that the PGs not only affect the gelation ability in solutions, but also the construction of orderly entangled fibrous supramolecular networks, e.g., "loofah-like" networks. Attributed to the PGs (especially the -Boc group) causing a lower cooperative assembly, the steady state with the lowest potential energy of gelators can be easily achieved by the higher ordering of nanofiber entanglement into superstructures. The -Boc group-containing dendrimers show low molar enthalpy and molar entropy of gelation, which help the construction of unique three-dimensional (3D) "loofah-like" superstructures. In contrast, the high cooperative assembly of the dendrimer (-Cbz as the PG) promotes the gelator into a higher enthalpy gelation process, with a constructed normal fibrous network. Hence, the PGs of POSS-based dendrimers act as the crucial factor in controlling the hierarchical self-assembly via a thermodynamics approach. This research presents new perspectives to explicate the relationships between PGs of dendrimers, supra-architectures and gel performances, which further guide the design of functional supramolecular materials via controllable self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China. and College of mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yanqing Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zengliang Gao
- College of mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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7
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Wagner J, Li L, Simon J, Krutzke L, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Müllen K, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Weil T. Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5712-5720. [PMID: 31943635 PMCID: PMC7155148 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic surface groups play an important role in many biological processes. The synthesis of amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer branches (dendrons), providing alternating hydrophilic and lipophilic surface groups and one reactive ethynyl group at the core is reported. The amphiphilic surface groups serve as biorecognition units that bind to the surface of adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which is a common vector in gene therapy. The Ad5/dendron complexes showed high gene transduction efficiencies in coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)-negative cells. Moreover, the dendrons offer incorporation of new functions at the dendron core by in situ post-modifications, even when bound to the Ad5 surface. Surfaces coated with these dendrons were analyzed for their blood-protein binding capacity, which is essential to predict their performance in the blood stream. A new platform for introducing bioactive groups to the Ad5 surface without chemically modifying the virus particles is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu Road430074WuhanChina
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- University UlinicDepartment of Gene TherapyHelmholtzstr. 8/189081UlmGermany
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu Road430074WuhanChina
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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8
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Wagner J, Li L, Simon J, Krutzke L, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Müllen K, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Weil T. Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- University Ulinic Department of Gene Therapy Helmholtzstr. 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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9
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Wagner J, Dillenburger M, Simon J, Oberländer J, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Ng DYW, Müllen K, Weil T. Amphiphilic dendrimers control protein binding and corona formation on liposome nanocarriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8663-8666. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02486d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimers adsorbed to liposomes alter the protein corona dependent on their charge and hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
| | | | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Dermatology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - Jennifer Oberländer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Dermatology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Dermatology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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10
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Wu Y, Li L, Frank L, Wagner J, Andreozzi P, Hammer B, D’Alicarnasso M, Pelliccia M, Liu W, Chakrabortty S, Krol S, Simon J, Landfester K, Kuan SL, Stellacci F, Müllen K, Kreppel F, Weil T. Patchy Amphiphilic Dendrimers Bind Adenovirus and Control Its Host Interactions and in Vivo Distribution. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8749-8759. [PMID: 31322856 PMCID: PMC6716120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface of proteins is heterogeneous with sophisticated but precise hydrophobic and hydrophilic patches, which is essential for their diverse biological functions. To emulate such distinct surface patterns on macromolecules, we used rigid spherical synthetic dendrimers (polyphenylene dendrimers) to provide controlled amphiphilic surface patches with molecular precision. We identified an optimal spatial arrangement of these patches on certain dendrimers that enabled their interaction with human adenovirus 5 (Ad5). Patchy dendrimers bound to the surface of Ad5 formed a synthetic polymer corona that greatly altered various host interactions of Ad5 as well as in vivo distribution. The dendrimer corona (1) improved the ability of Ad5-derived gene transfer vectors to transduce cells deficient for the primary Ad5 cell membrane receptor and (2) modulated the binding of Ad5 to blood coagulation factor X, one of the most critical virus-host interactions in the bloodstream. It significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency of Ad5 while also protecting it from neutralization by natural antibodies and the complement system in human whole blood. Ad5 with a synthetic dendrimer corona revealed profoundly altered in vivo distribution, improved transduction of heart, and dampened vector sequestration by liver and spleen. We propose the design of bioactive polymers that bind protein surfaces solely based on their amphiphilic surface patches and protect against a naturally occurring protein corona, which is highly attractive to improve Ad5-based in vivo gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, 430074 Hongshan, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, 430074 Hongshan, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Larissa Frank
- Department
of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate
School Materials Science in Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Soft
Matter
Nanotechnology Group San Sebastian-Donostia, CIC biomaGUNE, 20014 Donastia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Brenton Hammer
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Pelliccia
- IFOM
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione
Centro Europeo Nanomedicina (CEN), 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Weina Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione
IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni
Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Specializzato in Gastroenterologia “Saverio
de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty
Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Department
of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Lehrstuhl
für Biochemie und Molekulare Medizin, Center for Biomedical
Research and Education (ZBAF), Fakultät für Gesundheit/Department
für Humanmedizin,, Universität
Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), 58453 Witten, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- E-mail:
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11
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Marsh ZM, Lantz KA, Stefik M. QCM detection of molecule-nanoparticle interactions for ligand shells of varying morphology. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19107-19116. [PMID: 30298160 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) have widespread applications from sensing to drug delivery where much behavior is determined by the nature of the surface and the resulting intermolecular interactions with the local environment. Ligand mixtures enable continuously tunable behavior where both the composition and morphology influence molecular interactions. Mixed ligand shells form multiple morphologies ranging from Janus to patchy and stripe-like with varying domain dimensions. Solvent-NP interactions are generally measured by solubility measures alone. Here we develop a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) approach to more broadly quantify molecule-NP interactions via vapor phase uptake into solid NP-films independent from solvation constraints. The composition and morphology of mixed ligand shells were found to exhibit pronounced non-monotonic behavior that deviated from continuum thermodynamics, highlighting the influence of ligand morphology upon absorption/adsorption. Alkyl and perfluorinated thiols were used as a model case with constant core-size distribution. The ligand morphology was determined by 19F NMR. Molecule uptake into NPs was measured with five benzene derivatives with varied degree of fluorination. For the cases examined, QCM measurements revealed enhanced uptake for patchy morphologies and suppressed uptake for stripe-like morphologies. These results contrast with insights from solubility measures alone where QCM sometimes identified significant molecular uptake of poor solvents. This QCM method thus provides new insights to molecule-NP interactions independent of the solvation shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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12
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Hammer BAG, Müllen K. Expanding the limits of synthetic macromolecular chemistry through Polyphenylene Dendrimers. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:262. [PMID: 30363718 PMCID: PMC6182379 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs) are a unique class of macromolecules because their backbone is made from twisted benzene repeat units that result in a rigid, shape-persistent architecture as reported by Hammer et al. (Chem Soc Rev 44:4072-4090, 2015) and Hammer and Müllen (Chem Rev 116:2103-210, 2016) These dendrimers can be synthetically tailored at their core, scaffold, and surface to introduce a wide range of chemical functionalities that influence their applications. It is the balance between the macromolecular properties of polyphenylene dendrimers with grandiose synthetic ingenuity that presents a template for the next generation of synthetic dendrimers to achieve complex structures other chemistry fields cannot. This perspective will look at how advances in synthetic chemistry have led to an explosion in the properties of polyphenylene dendrimers from their initial stage, as PPDs that were used as precursors for nanographenes, to next-generation dendrimers for organic electronic devices, sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nanocarriers for small molecules, and even as complexes with therapeutic drugs and viruses, among others. Ideally, this perspective will illustrate how the evolution of synthetic chemistry has influenced the possible structures and properties of PPDs and how these chemical modifications have opened the door to unprecedented applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton A. G. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St. 91330, Northridge, CA USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Deci MB, Liu M, Dinh QT, Nguyen J. Precision engineering of targeted nanocarriers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1511. [PMID: 29436157 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 1980, the number of advanced targeted nanocarrier systems has grown considerably. Nanocarriers capable of targeting single receptors, multiple receptors, or multiple epitopes have all been used to enhance delivery efficiency and selectivity. Despite tremendous progress, preclinical studies and clinically translatable nanotechnology remain disconnected. The disconnect in targeting efficacy may stem from poorly-understood factors such as receptor clustering, spatial control of targeting ligands, ligand mobility, and ligand architecture. Further, the relationship between receptor distribution and ligand architecture remains elusive. Traditionally, targeted nanocarriers were engineered assuming a "static" target. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that receptor expression patterns change in response to external stimuli and disease progression. Here, we discuss how cutting-edge technologies will enable a better characterization of the spatiotemporal distribution of membrane receptors and their clustering. We further describe how this will enable the design of new nanocarriers that selectively target the site of disease. Ultimately, we explore how the precision engineering of targeted nanocarriers that adapt to receptor dynamics will have the potential to drive nanotechnology to the forefront of therapy and make targeted nanomedicine a clinical reality. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Deci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maixian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Quoc Thai Dinh
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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14
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Hammer BAG, Wu Y, Fischer S, Liu W, Weil T, Müllen K. Controlling Cellular Uptake and Toxicity of Polyphenylene Dendrimers by Chemical Functionalization. Chembiochem 2017; 18:960-964. [PMID: 28224731 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs) represent a unique class of macromolecules based on their monodisperse and shape-persistent nature. These characteristics have enabled the synthesis of a new genre of "patched" surface dendrimers, where their exterior can be functionalized with a variety of polar and nonpolar substituents to yield lipophilic binding sites in a site-specific way. Although such materials are capable of complexing biologically relevant molecules, show high cellular uptake in various cell lines, and low to no toxicity, there is minimal understanding of the driving forces to these characteristics. We investigated whether it is the specific chemical functionalities, relative quantities of each moiety, or the "patched" surface patterning on the dendrimers that more significantly influences their behavior in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton A G Hammer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Weina Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Stangenberg R, Wu Y, Hedrich J, Kurzbach D, Wehner D, Weidinger G, Kuan SL, Jansen MI, Jelezko F, Luhmann HJ, Hinderberger D, Weil T, Müllen K. A polyphenylene dendrimer drug transporter with precisely positioned amphiphilic surface patches. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:377-84. [PMID: 25182694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a polyphenylene dendrimer (PPD 3) with discrete binding sites for lipophilic guest molecules and characteristic surface patterns is presented. Its semi-rigidity in combination with a precise positioning of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the periphery yields a refined architecture with lipophilic binding pockets that accommodate defined numbers of biologically relevant guest molecules such as fatty acids or the drug doxorubicin. The size, architecture, and surface textures allow to even penetrate brain endothelial cells that are a major component of the extremely tight blood-brain barrier. In addition, low to no toxicity is observed in in vivo studies using zebrafish embryos. The unique PPD scaffold allows the precise placement of functional groups in a given environment and offers a universal platform for designing drug transporters that closely mimic many features of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Stangenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jana Hedrich
- Institute for Physiology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Malin Insa Jansen
- Institute for Physiology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute for Physiology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin-Luther-Universität; Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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16
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Okuno M, Mezger M, Stangenberg R, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Bonn M, Backus EHG. Interaction of a patterned amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer with a lipid monolayer: electrostatic interactions dominate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1980-1987. [PMID: 25602738 DOI: 10.1021/la504252s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimeric macromolecules with defined shape and size are promising candidates for delivering drug or DNA molecules into cells. In this work we study the influence of an amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer on a model cell membrane consisting of a condensed 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid monolayer. A small surface pressure decrease is observed when the dendrimer solution is injected into the aqueous phase below the monolayer. X-ray reflectivity measurements show that the surface monolayer remains intact. The molecular-scale picture is obtained with sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. With this technique, we observe that the tails of the surfactant molecules become less ordered upon interaction with the amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer. In contrast, the water molecules below the DPPC layer become more ordered. Our observations suggest that electrostatic interactions between the negative charge of the dendrimer and the positively charged part of the DPPC headgroup keep the dendrimer located below the headgroup. No evidence of dendrimer insertion into the membrane has been observed. Apparently before entering the cell membrane the dendrimer can stick at the hydrophilic part of the lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Okuno
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Hammer BAG, Moritz R, Stangenberg R, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. The polar side of polyphenylene dendrimers. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4072-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific functionalization of poly(phenylene) dendrimers can produce macromolecules with a range of different polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Moritz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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18
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Bai Y, Xing H, Vincil GA, Lee J, Henderson EJ, Lu Y, Lemcoff NG, Zimmerman SC. Practical synthesis of water-soluble organic nanoparticles with a single reactive group and a functional carrier scaffold. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical synthesis of biocompatible organic nanoparticles with a reactive group and a functional carrier scaffold was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Gretchen A. Vincil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
| | | | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana, USA
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