1
|
Wang Z, Sangroniz L, Xu J, Zhu C, Müller A. Polymer Physics behind the Gel-Spinning of UHMWPE Fibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400124. [PMID: 38602184 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Gel-spinning of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers has attracted great interest in academia and industry since its birth and commercialization in the 1980s, due to unique properties such as high modulus, low density, and excellent chemical resistance. However, the high viscosity and long relaxation time greatly complicate processing. In industry, solvents, like decalin and paraffin oil, usually disentangle the physical networks and promote final drawability. From extruding the polymer solution to post-solid-stretching, many polymer physics problems that accompany high-modulus fiber gel-spinning should be understood and addressed. In this review, by detailed discussions about the effect of entanglements and intracrystalline chain dynamics on the mechanical properties of UHMWPE, theoretical descriptions of the structure formation of disentangled UHMWPE crystals, and the origin of high modulus and strength of final fibers are provided. Several physical intrinsic key factors are also discussed, revealing why UHMWPE is an ideal material for producing high-performance fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Alejandro Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sui Y, Cui Y, Wei P, Cong C, Meng X, Ye HM, Zhou Q. Nanoscale effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the rheological behaviors of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 37432653 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the molar mass between entanglements to be an intrinsic property of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), the number of entanglements per chain increases with increasing molar mass, correspondingly making the UHMWPE intractable. Herein, we dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles with different characteristics into UHMWPE solutions to disentangle the molecular chains. Compared with the UHMWPE pure solution, the viscosity of the mixture solution declines by 91.22%, and the critical overlap concentration increases from 1 wt% to 1.4 wt%. A rapid precipitation method was utilized to obtain UHMWPE and UHMWPE/TiO2 composites from the solutions. The melting index of UHMWPE/TiO2 is 68.85 mg, which is in sharp contrast to that of UHMWPE which is 0 mg. We characterized the microstructures of UHMWPE/TiO2 nanocomposites using TEM, SAXS, DMA, and DSC. Accordingly, this significant improvement in processability contributed to the reduction of entanglements and a schematic model was proposed to explain the mechanism by which nanoparticles disentangle molecular chains. Simultaneously, the composite demonstrated better mechanical properties than UHMWPE. In summary, we provide a strategy to promote the processability of UHMWPE without sacrificing its outstanding mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanbo Cong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Mu Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material college, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Q, Shuai Y, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Dai J, Ren C, Huang Z, Li W, Wang J, Yang Y. Reduction of Chain Entanglement of Ethylene Polymerization Endowed by the Dormancy Effect of Fluorosilicone Microdroplets. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Peng
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun Shuai
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Congjing Ren
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Kang X, Jiang Y, Cai Z, Li S, Cui D. Access to Disentangled Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via a Binuclear Synergic Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215582. [PMID: 36418237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Disentangled ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (dis-UHMWPE) has excellent processability but can be achieved under extreme conditions. Herein, we report ethylene polymerization with the binuclear half-sandwich scandium complexes C1-Sc2 and C2-Sc2 to afford UHMWPE. C1-Sc2 bearing a short linker shows higher activity and gives higher molecular weight PEs than C2-Sc2 containing a flexible spacer and the mononuclear Sc1 . Strikingly, all UHMWPEs isolated from C1-Sc2 under broad temperature range (25-120 °C) and wide ethylene pressures (2-13 bar) feature very low degree of entanglement as proved by rheological test, DSC annealing study and SEM. These dis-UHMWPEs are facilely mediated solid-state-process at 130 °C and their tensile strength and modulus reach up to 149.2 MPa and 1.5 GPa, respectively. DFT simulations reveal that the formation of dis-UHMWPE is attributed to the binuclear synergic effect and the agostic interaction between the active center and the growing chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongyi Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gote RP, Romano D, van der Eem J, Zhao J, Zhou F, Rastogi S. Unprecedented Mechanical Properties in Linear UHMWPE Using a Heterogeneous Catalytic System. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P. Gote
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dario Romano
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris van der Eem
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuhai Zhou
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MDMaastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larionov IS, Balkaev DA, Salakhov II, Badrutdinova AV, Amirov RR, Amirova LM. Relationship between the Rheological and Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polypropylene. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Wu SL, Qiao J, Guan J, Chen HM, Wang T, Wang C, Wang Y. Nascent disentangled UHMWPE: Origin, synthesis, processing, performances and applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
8
|
Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Ye C, Xin Z. Influence of Modified Ziegler–Natta Catalyst on the Entanglement Behavior and Properties of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins (Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry), Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins (Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry), Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Series of Green Oxovanadium(IV) Precatalysts with O, N and S Donor Ligands in a Sustainable Olefins Oligomerization Process. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228038. [PMID: 36432140 PMCID: PMC9694032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing catalyst systems based on transition metal ions and activators using the principles of green chemistry is a fundamental research goal of scientists due to the reduction of poisonous solvents, metal salts and organic ligands released into the environment. Urgent measures to reduce climate change are in line with the goals of sustainable development and the new restrictive laws ordained by the European Union. In this report, we attempted to use known oxovanadium(IV) green complex compounds with O, N and S donor ligands, i.e., [VO(TDA)phen] • 1.5 H2O (TDA = thiodiacetate), (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), oxovanadium(IV) microclusters with 2-phenylpyridine (oxovanadium(IV) cage), [VOO(dipic)(2-phepyH)] • H2O (dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion), (2-phepyH = 2-phenylpyridine), [VO(dipic)(dmbipy)] • 2H2O (dmbipy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-dipyridyl) and [VO(ODA)(bipy)] • 2 H2O (ODA = oxydiacetate), (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine), as precatalysts in oligomerization reactions of 3-buten-2-ol, 2-propen-1-ol, 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and 2,3-dibromo-2-propen-1-ol. The precatalysts, in most cases, turned out to be highly active because the catalytic activity exceeded 1000 g mmol-1·h-1. In addition, the oligomers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo T, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Li W, Liang P, Wang J, Yang Y. Preparation of Weakly Entangled and Fine-sized Ultra-High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene by a MgCl 2-Based Ziegler–Natta Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hosseinnezhad R, Vozniak I, Romano D, Rastogi S, Regnier G, Piorkowska E, Galeski A. Formation of UHMWPE Nanofibers during Solid-State Deformation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213825. [PMID: 36364602 PMCID: PMC9654675 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A network of nanofibers is formed in situ through solid-state deformation of disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (dis-UHMWPE) during compounding with a polyolefin elastomer below the melting temperature of dis-UHMWPE crystals. Dis-UHMWPE was prepared in the form of powder particles larger than 50 μm by polymerization at low temperatures, which favored the crystallization and prevention of macromolecules from entangling. Shearing the blend for different durations and at different temperatures affects the extent to which the grains of dis-UHMWPE powder deform into nanofibers. Disentangled powder particles could deform into a network of nanofibers with diameters between 110 and 340 nm. The nanocomposite can be further sheared for a longer time to decrease the diameter of dis-UHMWPE nanofibers below 40 nm, being still composed of ≈70 wt.% of crystalline and ≈30 wt.% of amorphous components. Subsequently, these thinner fibers begin to melt and fragment because they are thinner and also because the amorphous defects locally decrease the nanofibers' melting temperature, which results in their fragmentation and partial loss of nanofibers. These phenomena limit the thickness of dis-UHMWPE nanofibers, and this explains why prolonged or more intense shearing does not lead to thinner nanofibers of dis-UHMWPE when compounded in a polymeric matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Hosseinnezhad
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iurii Vozniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dario Romano
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Division of Chemical Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Division of Chemical Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gilles Regnier
- Procédés en Ingénierie Mécanique et Matériaux Laboratory, PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.G.); Tel.: +48-42-6803-250 (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Galeski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.G.); Tel.: +48-42-6803-250 (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Fu J, Song Q, Yu J, Wang Y, Hu Z. Regulating the dissolving system of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene to enhance the high‐strength and high‐modulus properties of resultant fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Jiabin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Qingquan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Disentangled UHMWPE@silica powders for potential use in power bed fusion based additive manufacturing. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Dai J, Yu C, Ye S, Li W, Kang X, Yang Y, Liang P, Ma Y, Huang Z, Jiang B, Wang J, Yang Y. The Intermittent Dormancy of Ethylene Polymerization with the Assistance of Nitrogen Microbubbles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Kang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbo Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Novel titanium(IV) diolate complexes with additional O‐donor as precatalyst for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with reduced entanglement density: Influence of polymerization conditions and its implications on mechanical properties. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
17
|
Chen M, Chen Y, Li W, Liang P, Ren C, Jiang B, Wang J, Yang Y. Synthesis of Weakly Entangled Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene with a Fine Particle Size. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Congjing Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hansen H, Wadepohl H, Enders M. Improved Single‐Site Chromium Catalysts with Electron Rich Indenyl Ligands for the Formation of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helge‐Boj Hansen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chammingkwan P, Bando Y, Mai LTT, Wada T, Thakur A, Terano M, Sinthusai L, Taniike T. Less Entangled Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Produced by Nano-Dispersed Ziegler–Natta Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patchanee Chammingkwan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yusuke Bando
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Le Thi Tuyet Mai
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Toru Wada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ashutosh Thakur
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Minoru Terano
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Likhasit Sinthusai
- IRPC Public Company Limited, 299 Moo 5, Sukhumvit Road, Cheng Nern, Muang, Rayong 21000, Thailand
| | - Toshiaki Taniike
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zanchin G, Piovano A, Amodio A, De Stefano F, Di Girolamo R, Groppo E, Leone G. NEt 3-Triggered Synthesis of UHMWPE Using Chromium Complexes Bearing Non-innocent Iminopyridine Ligands. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zanchin
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piovano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, NIS Interdepartmental Research Center and INSTM Reference Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via G. Quarello 15A, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Amodio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, NIS Interdepartmental Research Center and INSTM Reference Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via G. Quarello 15A, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, NIS Interdepartmental Research Center and INSTM Reference Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via G. Quarello 15A, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang YC, Cheng PY, Zhang ZQ, Fan KX, Lu RQ, Zhang S, Wu YX. Highly efficient terpolymerizations of ethylene/propylene/ENB with a half-titanocene catalytic system. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient terpolymerization of ethylene, propylene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene using a half-titanocene containing iminoimidazolidine with methylaluminoxane/Al(iBu)3/2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl-phenol was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pei-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ke-Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi-Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Antonov AA, Bryliakov KP. Post-metallocene catalysts for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Recent advances. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Patel K, Chikkali SH, Sivaram S. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Catalysis, structure, properties, processing and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Li F, Rastogi S, Romano D. Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight PLAs Using a Phenoxy-Imine Al(III) Complex. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24230-24238. [PMID: 33015439 PMCID: PMC7528193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
l- and d-lactide polymerization kinetics using phenoxy-imine ligands of the type Me2Al[O-2-tert-Bu-6-(C6F5N=CH)C6H3] in the presence of n-butanol and benzyl alcohol by ring-opening polymerization into polylactide are investigated. Effects of initiator concentration, catalyst concentration, polymerization temperature, and time on the molecular weight of poly-l-lactide are also investigated. Purification and drying of l-lactide are found to significantly influence the polymerization kinetics and the final molecular weight achieved. Ultrahigh molecular weight poly(l-lactic acid) PLLA (M w = 1.4 × 106 g/mol with Đ = 1.8) and ultrahigh molecular weight poly(d-lactic acid) PDLA (M w = 1.3 × 106 g/mol with Đ = 2.0) are obtained when polymerization is performed with a molar ratio of monomer to catalyst (LA/Al) of 8000 for 72 h at 120 °C in the presence of benzyl alcohol with conversions of 96 and 91%, respectively. We report for the first time the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight poly-l- and d-lactide using the Me2Al[O-2-tert-Bu-6-(C6F5N=CH)C6H3] catalyst. The identified catalyst is found to be suitable for the synthesis of a broad range of molecular weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Li
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Department of Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute for Biobased Materials, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Department of Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute for Biobased Materials, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Romano
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Department of Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute for Biobased Materials, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oleynik IV, Shundrina IK, Oleyinik II. Highly active titanium(
IV
) dichloride
FI
catalysts bearing a diallylamino group for the synthesis of disentangled
UHMWPE. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Oleynik
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Inna K. Shundrina
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Ivan I. Oleyinik
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang K, Jin Y, Liu B, Zhang R, Ren H, Zhao N, He X. Novel SiO
2
‐Supported Chromium Oxide/Chromocene Dual Site Catalysts for Synthesis of Bimodal UHMWPE/HDPE in Reactor Alloys. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yulong Jin
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - He Ren
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tuskaev VA, Gagieva SC, Kurmaev DA, Zubkevich SV, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Mikhaylik ES, Golubev EK, Buzin MI, Nikiforova GG, Vasil'ev VG, Zvukova TM, Bulychev BM. Novel alkoxo-titanium(IV) complexes with fluorinated 2-hydroxymethylphenol derivatives as catalysts for the formation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene nascent reactor powders. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Chen Y, Liang P, Yue Z, Li W, Dong C, Jiang B, Wang J, Yang Y. Entanglement Formation Mechanism in the POSS Modified Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta Catalysts. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yue
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chuanding Dong
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Binbo Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Fu J, Liu M, Fu Q, Zhang J. Understanding the effect of chain entanglement state on melt crystallization of the polymer freeze-extracted from solution: The role of critical overlap concentration. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Chaudhuri K, Poddar S, Pol H, Lele A, Mathur A, Srinivasa Rao GS, Jasra R. The effect of processing conditions on the rheological properties of blends of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with high‐density polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaroop Chaudhuri
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR ‐ National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR‐HRDC Campus Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Suparna Poddar
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR ‐ National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Harshawardhan Pol
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR ‐ National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR‐HRDC Campus Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Ashish Lele
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR ‐ National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Ajit Mathur
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Reliance Research and Development CenterReliance Corporate Park Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Gandham S. Srinivasa Rao
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Reliance Research and Development CenterReliance Corporate Park Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Rakshavir Jasra
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Reliance Research and Development CenterReliance Corporate Park Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serenko OA, Buzin MI, Tuskaev VA, Gagieva SC, Kolosov NA, Kurmaev DA, Savel'eva TF, Golubev EK, Zubkevich SV, Vasil'ev VG, Nikiforova GG, Korlyukov AA, Bulychev BM. A Novel Ziegler⁻Natta-Type Catalytic System-TiCl₄/2,2'-Dimethoxy-1,1'-Binaphthalene/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/Bu₂Mg for Production of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nascent Reactor Powders, Suitable for Solvent-Free Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1281. [PMID: 30961206 PMCID: PMC6401888 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes with viscosity-average molecular weights in the range of 1.6⁻5.6 × 10⁶ have been prepared by using a novel Ziegler⁻Natta-type catalytic system-TiCl₄/2,2'-dimethoxy-1,1'-binaphthalene/Et₃Al₂Cl₃/Bu₂Mg at different temperatures (Tpoly) in the range between 10 and 70 °C in toluene. The morphology of the nascent reactor powders has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the DSC melting behavior. Polymers are suitable for the modern processing methods-the solvent-free solid-state formation of super high-strength (tensile strength over 1.8⁻2.5 GPa) and high-modulus (elastic modulus up to 136 GPa) oriented film tapes. With decrease of Tpoly, the drawability of the reactor powders increased significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Serenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Buzin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladislav A Tuskaev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Svetlana C Gagieva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay A Kolosov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii A Kurmaev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatyana F Savel'eva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii K Golubev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str., 70; 117393 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Zubkevich
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Viktor G Vasil'ev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Galina G Nikiforova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris M Bulychev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hees T, Zhong F, Stürzel M, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Hydrocarbon Polymers and All-Hydrocarbon Composites for Circular Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800608. [PMID: 30417498 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The world population will rapidly grow from 7 to 9 billion by 2050 and this will parallel a surging annual plastics consumption from today's 350 million tons to well beyond 1 billion tons. The switch from a linear economy with its throwaway culture to a circular economy with efficient reuse of waste plastics is therefore mandatory. Hydrocarbon polymers, accounting for more than half the world's plastics production, enable closed-loop recycling and effective product-stewardship systems. High-molar-mass hydrocarbons serve as highly versatile, cost-, resource-, eco- and energy-efficient, durable lightweight materials produced by solvent-free, environmentally benign catalytic olefin polymerization. Nanophase separation and alignment of unentangled hydrocarbon polymers afford 100% recyclable self-reinforcing all-hydrocarbon composites without requiring the addition of either alien fibers or hazardous nanoparticles. Recycling of durable hydrocarbons is far superior to biodegradation. The facile thermal degradation enables liquefaction and quantitative recovery of low molar mass hydrocarbon oil and gas. Teamed up with biomass-to-liquid and carbon dioxide-to-fuel conversions, powered by renewable energy, waste hydrocarbons serve as renewable hydrocarbon feedstocks for the synthesis of high molar mass hydrocarbon materials. Herein, an overview is given on how innovations in catalyst and process technology enable tailoring of advanced recyclable hydrocarbon materials meeting the needs of sustainable development and a circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hees
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Stürzel
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A disentangled state using TiCl4/MgCl2 catalyst: a case study of polyethylene. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
34
|
Spronck M, Klein A, Blom B, Romano D. Synthesis of Disentangled Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene using Vanadium(V)-Based Catalysts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Spronck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstrasse 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstrasse 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme; Maastricht University; P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Dario Romano
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials; Brightlands Chemelot Campus; Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
- Department of Biobased Materials; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Maastricht University; Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gote RP, Mandal D, Patel K, Chaudhuri K, Vinod CP, Lele AK, Chikkali SH. Judicious Reduction of Supported Ti Catalyst Enables Access to Disentangled Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krishnaroop Chaudhuri
- Academy of
Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | | | - Samir H. Chikkali
- Academy of
Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tuskaev VA, Gagieva SC, Kurmaev DA, Kolosov NA, Mikhaylik ES, Golubev EK, Sizov AI, Zubkevich SV, Vasil'ev VG, Nikiforova GG, Buzin MI, Serenko OA, Bulychev BM. Titanium(III, IV)-Containing Catalytic Systems for Production of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nascent Reactor Powders, Suitable for Solventless Processing-Impact of Oxidation States of Transition Metal. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:polym10010002. [PMID: 30966039 PMCID: PMC6414873 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic systems containing TiCl4 or TiCl3, THF, organomagnesium (n-Bu2Mg) and organoaluminum compounds capable of producing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were developed. The resulting polymers were characterized by a molecular weight in the range of (1.8–7.8) × 106 Da and desirable morphology, suitable for modern methods of polymer processing—the solvent-free solid-state processing of superhigh-strength (tensile strength up to 2.1 GPa) and high-modulus (elastic modulus up to 125 GPa) oriented films and film tapes. The impacts of a THF additive, the oxidation state of the titanium atom, and the composition and nature of the nontransition organometallic compounds on the formation of catalytic systems for UHMWPE production were evaluated. The results indicate the suitability of individual titanium chloride tetrahydrofuran complex application for the formation of THF-containing catalytic systems. This approach also results in a significant increase in the system catalytic activity and mechanical properties of UHMWPE. The catalysts based on Ti(III) were inferior to systems containing Ti(IV) in productivity but were markedly superior in the mechanical properties of UHMWPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Tuskaev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Svetlana C Gagieva
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii A Kurmaev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay A Kolosov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena S Mikhaylik
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str., 70; 117393 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii K Golubev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str., 70; 117393 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander I Sizov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Zubkevich
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Viktor G Vasil'ev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Galina G Nikiforova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Buzin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga A Serenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris M Bulychev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Romano D, Tops N, Bos J, Rastogi S. Correlation between Thermal and Mechanical Response of Nascent Semicrystalline UHMWPEs. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Romano
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Tops
- Research Institute,
Teijin Aramid, Velperweg 76, 6824BM Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bos
- Research Institute,
Teijin Aramid, Velperweg 76, 6824BM Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K
- Department
of Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute,
Teijin Aramid, Velperweg 76, 6824BM Arnhem, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ronellenfitsch M, Gehrmann T, Wadepohl H, Enders M. Improving 1-Hexene Incorporation of Highly Active Cp–Chromium-Based Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ronellenfitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gehrmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stürzel M, Kurek AG, Hees T, Thomann Y, Blattmann H, Mülhaupt R. Multisite catalyst mediated polymer nanostructure formation and self-reinforced polyethylene reactor blends with improved toughness/stiffness balance. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Mark S, Wadepohl H, Enders M. Molecular weight control in organochromium olefin polymerization catalysis by hemilabile ligand-metal interactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1372-9. [PMID: 27559387 PMCID: PMC4979879 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Cr(III) complexes based on quinoline-cyclopentadienyl ligands with additional hemilabile side arms were prepared and used as single-site catalyst precursors for ethylene polymerization. The additional donor functions interact with the metal centers only after activation with the co-catalyst. Evidence for this comes from DFT-calculations and from the differing behavior of the complexes in ethylene polymerization. All complexes investigated show very high catalytic activity and the additional side arm minimizes chain-transfer reactions, leading to increase of molecular weights of the resulting polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mark
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stürzel M, Mihan S, Mülhaupt R. From Multisite Polymerization Catalysis to Sustainable Materials and All-Polyolefin Composites. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1398-433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stürzel
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shahram Mihan
- Basell
Polyolefine GmbH, Catalyst Systems, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Sustainability Center Freiburg, Ecker-Strasse
4, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|