1
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Li R, Mou B, Yamada M, Li W, Nakashima T, Kawai T. From Visible to Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photochromism: Negative Photochromism. Molecules 2023; 29:155. [PMID: 38202738 PMCID: PMC10780068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photochromic compounds, whose key molecular properties can be effectively modulated by light irradiation, have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in various research fields. The restriction of photoisomerization coloration induced by ultraviolet light limits their applications in the biomedical field and some other fields. Negative photochromism, wherein a relatively stable colored isomer transforms to a colorless metastable isomer under low-energy light irradiation, offers advantages in applications within materials science and life science. This review provides a summary of negatively photochromic compounds based on different molecular skeletons. Their corresponding design strategies and photochromic properties are presented to provide practical guidelines for future investigations. Negatively photochromic compounds can effectively expand the range of photochromic switches for future applications, offering unique properties such as responsiveness to visible to near-infrared light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Bingzhao Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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2
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Clerc M, Sandlass S, Rifaie-Graham O, Peterson JA, Bruns N, Read de Alaniz J, Boesel LF. Visible light-responsive materials: the (photo)chemistry and applications of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts in polymer science. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8245-8294. [PMID: 37905554 PMCID: PMC10680135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA) photoswitches have gained a lot of attention since their discovery in 2014. Their negative photochromism, visible light absorbance, synthetic tunability, and the large property changes between their photoisomers make them attractive candidates over other commonly used photoswitches for use in materials with responsive or adaptive properties. The development of such materials and their translation into advanced technologies continues to widely impact forefront materials research, and DASAs have thus attracted considerable interest in the field of visible-light responsive molecular switches and dynamic materials. Despite this interest, there have been challenges in understanding their complex behavior in the context of both small molecule studies and materials. Moreover, incorporation of DASAs into polymers can be challenging due to their incompatibility with the conditions for most common polymerization techniques. In this review, therefore, we examine and critically discuss the recent developments and challenges in the field of DASA-containing polymers, aiming at providing a better understanding of the interplay between the properties of both constituents (matrix and photoswitch). The first part summarizes current understanding of DASA design and switching properties. The second section discusses strategies of incorporation of DASAs into polymers, properties of DASA-containing materials, and methods for studying switching of DASAs in materials. We also discuss emerging applications for DASA photoswitches in polymeric materials, ranging from light-responsive drug delivery systems, to photothermal actuators, sensors and photoswitchable surfaces. Last, we summarize the current challenges in the field and venture on the steps required to explore novel systems and expand both the functional properties and the application opportunities of DASA-containing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Clerc
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Switzerland
| | - Sara Sandlass
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julie A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
| | - Luciano F Boesel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Switzerland
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3
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Peterson JA, Neris NM, Read de Alaniz J. Tethered together: DASA design towards aqueous compatibility. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13025-13030. [PMID: 38023491 PMCID: PMC10664598 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are an exciting class of photoswitches due to their facile tunability, visible light absorbance, and negative photochromism. While they have shown use in a variety of applications, to date all reported DASA derivatives have low equilibrium and/or poor photoswitching in polar protic solvents, which is vital for moving towards applications in biological systems. We demonstrate a strategy to introduce a substitution on the DASA triene that results in derivatives that are stable and have high dark equilibrium of the open form in polar protic solvents. Decreasing the charge separation of these new derivatives also allows for reversible switching in polar and protic solvents including THF : water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara 93106 CA USA
| | - Natalia M Neris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara 93106 CA USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara 93106 CA USA
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4
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Araújo JL, Vieira JA, dos Santos Silva M, Lima AKO, da Silva Luz GV, Carneiro MLB, Azevedo RB. Benefits of using polymeric nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment: a systematic review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:357. [PMID: 37818119 PMCID: PMC10560654 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer comprises approximately 20% of all malignant neoplasm cases globally. Due to the limitations associated with conventional therapeutic approaches, extensive investigations have been undertaken to develop novel treatments that exhibit enhanced specificity and minimized adverse effects. Consequently, the application of polymeric nanoformulations for targeted drug delivery has gained significant attention within the biomedical field. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore the inherent advantages and efficacy of employing polymeric nanoformulations for drug delivery in breast cancer treatment, as compared to traditional therapies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across prominent databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, utilizing specific search strings. This meticulous approach yielded a total of 12 relevant articles for in-depth analysis and discussion. The findings from the selected studies underscore the effectiveness of employing polymeric nanoparticles as a drug delivery strategy, showcasing noteworthy improvements in cellular uptake and sustained intracellular retention of encapsulated therapeutic agents. Additionally, these nanoformulations exhibited superior efficacy, safety, and drug delivery capabilities. The utilization of polymeric nanoparticles in drug delivery has demonstrated a substantial enhancement in treatment efficacy, with the ability to achieve higher concentrations of active ingredients within tumor tissues, augment cellular uptake and drug concentrations, and sustain intracellular retention. Consequently, this innovative approach prolongs drug release in lower quantities, ultimately contributing to improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joabe Lima Araújo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Julia Augusto Vieira
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Mayla dos Santos Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (PPGEB), Faculty of Gama, University of Brasilia, Special Area of Industry Projection A, Brasília, 72444-240 Brazil
| | - Alan Kelbis Oliveira Lima
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Glecia Virgolino da Silva Luz
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (PPGEB), Faculty of Gama, University of Brasilia, Special Area of Industry Projection A, Brasília, 72444-240 Brazil
| | - Marcella Lemos Brettas Carneiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (PPGEB), Faculty of Gama, University of Brasilia, Special Area of Industry Projection A, Brasília, 72444-240 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900 Brazil
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5
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Tan L, Fan J, Zhou Y, Xiong D, Duan M, Hu D, Wu Z. Preparation of reversible cross-linked amphiphilic polymeric micelles with pH-responsive behavior for smart drug delivery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28165-28178. [PMID: 37753398 PMCID: PMC10518665 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new type of reversible cross-linked and pH-responsive polymeric micelle (PM), poly[polyethylene glycol methacrylate-co-2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] [P(PEGMA-co-AEMA)-b-PDMAEMA], was synthesized for targeted delivery of curcumin. After reversible cross-linking of the micellar shell, the PMs with a typical core-shell structure exhibited excellent stability against extensive dilution and good reversibility of pH-responsiveness in solutions with different pH values. P(PEGMA9-co-AEMA6)-b-PDMAEMA10 has the lowest critical micelle concentration (CMC) value (0.0041 mg mL-1), the highest loading capacity (13.86%) and entrapment efficiency (97.03%). A slow sustained drug release at pH 7.4 with 12.36% in 108 h, while a fast release (42.36%) was observed at pH 5.0. Furthermore, a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method was employed to investigate the self-assembly process and pH-responsive behavior of PMs. The optimal drug-carrier ratio (2%) and fraction of water (92%) were confirmed by analyzing the drug distribution and morphology of micelles during the self-assembly process of the block copolymer. The simulation results were consistent with experimental results, indicating DPD simulation shows potential to study the structure properties of reversible cross-linked micelles. The present findings provide a new method for the development of SDDS with good structural stability and controlled drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Jinling Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Di Xiong
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Manzhen Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Ding Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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6
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Reza-González FA, Villatoro E, Reza MM, Jara-Cortés J, García-Ortega H, Blanco-Acuña EF, López-Cortés JG, Esturau-Escofet N, Aguirre-Soto A, Peon J. Two-photon isomerization properties of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5783-5794. [PMID: 37265740 PMCID: PMC10231324 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are important photo-responsive molecules that undergo electrocyclic reactions after light absorption. From these properties, DASAs have received extensive attention as photo-switches with negative photochromism. Meanwhile, several photochemical applications require isomerization events to take place in highly localized volumes at variable depths. Such focused photoreactions can be achieved if the electronic excitation is induced through a non-linear optical process. In this contribution we describe DASAs substituted with extended donor groups which provide them with significant two-photon absorption properties. We characterized the photo-induced transformation of these DASAs from the open polymethinic form to their cyclopentenic isomer with the use of 800 nm femtosecond pulses. These studies verified that the biphotonic excitation produces equivalent photoreactions as linear absorbance. We also determined these DASAs' two-photon absorption cross sections from measurements of their photoconverted yield after biphotonic excitation. As we show, specific donor sections provide these systems with important biphotonic cross-sections as high as 615 GM units. Such properties make these DASAs among the most non-linearly active photo-switchable molecules. Calculations at the TDDFT level with the optimally tuned range-separated functional OT-CAM-B3LYP, together with quadratic response methods indicate that the non-linear photochemical properties in these molecules involve higher lying electronic states above the first excited singlet. This result is consistent with the observed relation between their two-photon chemistry and the onset of their short wavelength absorption features around 400 nm. This is the first report of the non-linear photochemistry of DASAs. The two-photon isomerization properties of DASAs extend their applications to 3D-photocontrol, non-linear lithography, variable depth birefringence, and localized drug delivery schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Villatoro
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Mariana M Reza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jesús Jara-Cortés
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Tepic 63155 Mexico
| | - Héctor García-Ortega
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Edgard F Blanco-Acuña
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - José G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterey Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Jorge Peon
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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7
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Ma H, Li W, Fan H, Xiang J. A Red-Light-Responsive DASA-Polymer with High Water Stability for Controlled Release. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112489. [PMID: 37299288 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers hold vast potential in the realm of drug delivery. Currently, most photoresponsive polymers use ultraviolet (UV) light as the excitation source. However, the limited penetration ability of UV light within biological tissues serves as a significant hindrance to their practical applications. Given the strong penetration ability of red light in biological tissues, the design and preparation of a novel red-light-responsive polymer with high water stability, incorporating the reversible photoswitching compound and donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) for controlled drug release is demonstrated. In aqueous solutions, this polymer exhibits self-assembly into micellar nanovectors (~33 nm hydrodynamic diameter), facilitating the encapsulation of the hydrophobic model drug Nile red (NR) within the micellar core. Upon irradiation by a 660 nm LED light source, photons are absorbed by DASA, leading to the disruption of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the nanovector and thereby resulting in the release of NR. This newly designed nanovector incorporates red light as a responsive switch, successfully avoiding the problems of photodamage and limited penetration of UV light within biological tissues, thereby further promoting the practical applications of photoresponsive polymer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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8
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Rifaie-Graham O, Yeow J, Najer A, Wang R, Sun R, Zhou K, Dell TN, Adrianus C, Thanapongpibul C, Chami M, Mann S, de Alaniz JR, Stevens MM. Photoswitchable gating of non-equilibrium enzymatic feedback in chemically communicating polymersome nanoreactors. Nat Chem 2023; 15:110-118. [PMID: 36344820 PMCID: PMC9836937 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm generates out-of-equilibrium metabolite oscillations that are controlled by feedback loops under light/dark cycles. Here we describe a non-equilibrium nanosystem comprising a binary population of enzyme-containing polymersomes capable of light-gated chemical communication, controllable feedback and coupling to macroscopic oscillations. The populations consist of esterase-containing polymersomes functionalized with photo-responsive donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) and light-insensitive semipermeable urease-loaded polymersomes. The DASA-polymersome membrane becomes permeable under green light, switching on esterase activity and decreasing the pH, which in turn initiates the production of alkali in the urease-containing population. A pH-sensitive pigment that absorbs green light when protonated provides a negative feedback loop for deactivating the DASA-polymersomes. Simultaneously, increased alkali production deprotonates the pigment, reactivating esterase activity by opening the membrane gate. We utilize light-mediated fluctuations of pH to perform non-equilibrium communication between the nanoreactors and use the feedback loops to induce work as chemomechanical swelling/deswelling oscillations in a crosslinked hydrogel. We envision possible applications in artificial organelles, protocells and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Najer
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Wang
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rujie Sun
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kun Zhou
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tristan N. Dell
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Adrianus
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642BioEM lab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Mann
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Smart Polymeric Micelles for Anticancer Hydrophobic Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010004. [PMID: 36612002 PMCID: PMC9817890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the deadliest diseases in our society. Surgery accompanied by subsequent chemotherapy is the treatment most used to prolong or save the patient's life. Still, it carries secondary risks such as infections and thrombosis and causes cytotoxic effects in healthy tissues. Using nanocarriers such as smart polymer micelles is a promising alternative to avoid or minimize these problems. These nanostructured systems will be able to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs through modified copolymers with various functional groups such as carboxyls, amines, hydroxyls, etc. The release of the drug occurs due to the structural degradation of these copolymers when they are subjected to endogenous (pH, redox reactions, and enzymatic activity) and exogenous (temperature, ultrasound, light, magnetic and electric field) stimuli. We did a systematic review of the efficacy of smart polymeric micelles as nanocarriers for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, lapatinib, cisplatin, adriamycin, and curcumin). For this reason, we evaluate the influence of the synthesis methods and the physicochemical properties of these systems that subsequently allow an effective encapsulation and release of the drug. On the other hand, we demonstrate how computational chemistry will enable us to guide and optimize the design of these micelles to carry out better experimental work.
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10
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Shao Y, Xiang L, Zhang W, Chen Y. Responsive shape-shifting nanoarchitectonics and its application in tumor diagnosis and therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:600-618. [PMID: 36341936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery system has a great application in the treatment of solid tumors by virtue of EPR effect, though its success in clinics is still limited by its poor extravasation, small intratumoral accumulation, and weak tumor penetration. The shape of nanoparticles (NPs) greatly affects their circulation time, flow behavior, intratumoral amassing, cell internalization as well as tumor tissue penetration. Generally, short nanorods and 100-200 nm spherical nanocarriers possess nice circulation behaviors, nanorods and nanofibers with a large aspect ratio (AR) cumulate well at tumor sites, and tiny nanospheres/disks (< 50 nm) and short nanorods with a low AR achieve a favorable tumor tissue penetration. The AR and surface evenness of NPs also tune their cell contact, cell ingestion, and drug accumulation at tumor sites. Therefore, adopting stimulus-responsive shape-switching (namely, shape-shifting nanoarchitectonics) can not only ensure a good circulation and extravasation for NPs, but also and more importantly, promote their amassing, retention, and penetration in tumor tissues to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Here we review the recently developed shape-switching nanoarchitectonics of antitumoral NPs based on stimulus-responsiveness, demonstrate how successful they are in tumor shrinking and elimination, and provide new ideas for the optimization of anticancer nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shao
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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11
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Fu Y, Yang L, Zhou Z, Jia T, Shen G, Zhu X. Comparison of Thermodynamic Energies for Elementary Steps of Anionic Hydrides to Release Hydride Ions in Acetonitrile. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 China
| | - Li‐Guo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 China
| | - Zhong‐Yuan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 China
| | - Taixuan Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 China
| | - Guang‐Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Castagna R, Maleeva G, Pirovano D, Matera C, Gorostiza P. Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Displaying Reversible Photoswitching in Water and Neuronal Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15595-15602. [PMID: 35976640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the photochromism and functional applications of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) soared in recent years owing to their outstanding advantages and flexible design. However, their low solubility and irreversible conversion in aqueous solutions hampered exploring DASAs for biology and medicine. It is notably unknown whether the barbiturate electron acceptor group retains the pharmacological activity of drugs such as phenobarbital, which targets γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-type A receptors (GABAARs) in the brain. Here, we have developed the model compound DASA-barbital based on a scaffold of red-switching second-generation DASAs, and we demonstrate that it is active in GABAARs and alters the neuronal firing rate in a physiological medium at neutral pH. DASA-barbital can also be reversibly photoswitched in acidic aqueous solutions using cyclodextrin, an approved ingredient of drug formulations. These findings clarify the path toward the biological applications of DASAs and to exploit the versatility displayed in polymers and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Castagna
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER, Madrid 282029, Spain
| | - Galyna Maleeva
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Deborah Pirovano
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER, Madrid 282029, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,CIBER, Madrid 282029, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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13
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A. Gomes RF, Ravasco JMJM, Andrade KHS, Coelho JAS, Moreira R, Oliveira R, Nogueira F, Afonso CAM. Tandem Thio-Michael Addition/Remote Lactone Activation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Derived δ-Lactone-Fused Cyclopentenones. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102204. [PMID: 35040553 PMCID: PMC9401029 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The creation of structurally diverse chemical entities from fairly simple biorefinery products remains a challenge. In this work 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was identified as a key synthon for preparing highly complex cyclopentenones (CP) via tandem 1,4-addition/elimination/remote lactone activation to external O- and N-nucleophiles in δ-lactone-fused-CPs hotspots. This scaffold was also reactive enough to be incorporated into model cysteine-peptides in low concentrations, paving the way to a potential translation generating complexity in the synthesis of small peptides. The new enones also exhibited activity against intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 =1.32 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F. A. Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Joao M. J. M. Ravasco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Késsia H. S. Andrade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Jaime A. S. Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular SciencesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016LisboaPortugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Global Health and Tropical MedicineGHTMInstituto de Higiene e Medicina TropicalIHMTUniversidade NOVA de LisboaUNLRua da Junqueira, 101349-008LisboaPortugal
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International HealthCharité – Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 1 (Campus Adress: Südring 2–3)13353BerlinGermany
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global Health and Tropical MedicineGHTMInstituto de Higiene e Medicina TropicalIHMTUniversidade NOVA de LisboaUNLRua da Junqueira, 101349-008LisboaPortugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
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14
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Shpinov Y, Schlichter A, Pelupessy P, Le Saux T, Jullien L, Adelizzi B. Unexpected Acid-Triggered Formation of Reversibly Photoswitchable Stenhouse Salts from Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200497. [PMID: 35218266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are reversibly photoswitchable dyes, which are able to interconvert between a red/NIR absorbing triene-like state and a colorless cyclic state. Although optically attractive for multiple applications, their low solubility and lack of photoswitching in water impede their use in aqueous environments. We developed water-soluble DASAs based on indoline as donor and methyl, or trifluoromethyl, pyrazolone-based acceptors. In acetonitrile, photophysical analysis and photochemical studies, accounted with a three-state kinetic model, confirmed the reversible photoswitching mechanism previously proposed. In water, the colorless cyclic state is a thermodynamic sink at neutral pH values. In contrast, in acidic conditions, we observed a fast scrambling of DASAs' end-group resulting in the in situ formation of Stenhouse salts (StS), which are in turn capable of reversible photoswitching. We believe that this unexpected result is of interest not only for the future design of DASAs with improved stability, but also for further development and applications of StS as photoswitchable probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Shpinov
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Schlichter
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pelupessy
- Laboratoire de biomolécules (LBM), Département de chimie, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Adelizzi
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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15
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McDonough R, Rudgley N, Majewski O, Perkins MV, Evans RA, Lewis DA. Photochromic performance of Donor‐Acceptor‐Stenhouse‐Adducts in Polymer Binders and Solution. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan McDonough
- Flinders University College of Science and Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Nick Rudgley
- Flinders University College of Science and Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Oskar Majewski
- DST Group: Defence Science and Technology Group Land Division AUSTRALIA
| | | | | | - David Andrew Lewis
- Flinders University School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Sturt Rd 5042 Adelaide AUSTRALIA
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16
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Duan Y, Zhao H, Xue G, Sun F, Stricker F, Wang Z, Mao L, He C, de Alaniz JR, Zheng Y, Wang D. Controlling the Isomerization of Photoresponsive Molecules through a Limiting Tautomerization Strategy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3347-3354. [PMID: 35471969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the multistage photoresponsivity remains a challenge, in part, due to the spontaneous tautomerization between isomers. Herein, we present a strategy to access three independent states (linear, cyclic keto, and cyclic enolate) of crown ether (CE)-substituted donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) by limiting the tautomerization of the closed isomers. The linear-cyclic keto isomerization is reversibly triggered by treatment with metal ions (Na+ or K+) and CE, while the linear-cyclic enolate isomerization is induced by green light and heat. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculation results suggest that the steric effect and supramolecular interaction between the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties play an important role in hindering the tautomerization between cyclic keto and cyclic enolate DASA-CE. The strategy to influence key steps in the photoswitching process inspires well-controlled multistage isomerization of photoresponsive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Duan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guodong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fanxi Sun
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Friedrich Stricker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Dongguang 523808, China
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17
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Clerc M, Tekin C, Ulrich S, Freire RVM, Salentinig S, Bruns N, Boesel LF. Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct-Polydimethylsiloxane-Conjugates for Enhanced Photoswitching in Bulk Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200120. [PMID: 35396766 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are a rapidly emerging class of visible light-activated photochromes and DASA-functionalized polymers hold great promise as biocompatible photoresponsive materials. However, the photoswitching performance of DASAs in solid polymer matrices is often low, particularly in polymeric materials below their glass transition temperature. To overcome this limitation, DASAs are conjugated to polydimethylsiloxanes which have a glass transition temperature far below room temperature and which can create a mobile molecular environment around the DASAs for achieving more solution-like photoswitching kinetics in bulk polymers. The dispersion of DASAs conjugated to such flexible oligomers into solid polymer matrices allows for more effective and tunable DASA photoswitching in stiff polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), without requiring modifications of the matrix. The photoswitching of conjugates with varying polymer molecular weight, linker type and architecture is characterized via time-dependent UV-Vis spectroscopy in organic solvents and blended into polymethacrylate films. In addition, DASA-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane networks that are accessible by the same synthetic route provide an alternative solution for achieving fast and efficient DASA photoswitching in the bulk owing to their intrinsic softness and flexibility. These findings may contribute to the development of DASA-functionalized materials with better tunable, more effective, and more reversible modulation of their optical properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Clerc
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland.,University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Cem Tekin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ulrich
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Rafael V M Freire
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- University of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Luciano F Boesel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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18
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Roche A, Morcuende-Ventura V, Tejedor RM, Oriol L, Abian O, Piñol M. Evaluation of PEG- b-polycarbonates self-assemblies containing azobenzene or coumarin moieties as nanocarriers using paclitaxel as a model hydrophobic drug. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:276-287. [PMID: 35384769 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2061621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The work assesses the performance of nanocarriers from amphiphilic block copolymers with functional azobenzene or coumarin moieties for delivery of paclitaxel. METHODS Placlitaxel was encapsulated by the nanoprecipitation method. Characterizations were performed by DLS, TEM, Zeta potential and HPLC. Cell viability was investigated in HeLa and Huh-5-2-cell lines. RESULTS Coumarin-containing polymeric micelles (Dh = 26 ± 2 nm, PDI =0.28, ζ = ‒22.9 ± 3.6 mV) with 11.2 ± 0.5%w/w drug loading showed enhanced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells (IC50 < 0.02 nM) compared to free paclitaxel (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.02 nM). Azobenzene-containing polymeric vesicles (Dh = 390 ± 20 nm, PDI =0.24, ζ = ‒33.2 ± 5.0 mV) with a 6.8 ± 0.4%w/w drug loading showed increased cytotoxicity under 530 nm light (IC50 = 0.0114 ± 0.00033 nM) in HeLa cells due to a stimulated delivery of paclitaxel. CONCLUSION Effectivity of these block copolymers as paclitaxel nanovectors and light stimulated release has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Roche
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Violeta Morcuende-Ventura
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tejedor
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, Ctra. de Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Oriol
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Piñol
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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19
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Enshaei H, Molina BG, Puiggalí-Jou A, Saperas N, Alemán C. Polypeptide hydrogel loaded with conducting polymer nanoparticles as electroresponsive delivery system of small hydrophobic drugs. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Bisoyi H, Zhang X, Hassan F, Li Q. Visible Light-Driven Molecular Switches and Motors: Recent Developments and Applications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103906. [PMID: 34964995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by human vision, a diverse range of light-driven molecular switches and motors has been developed for fundamental understanding and application in material science and biology. Recently, the design and synthesis of visible light-driven molecular switches and motors have been actively pursued. This emerging trend is partly motivated to avoid the harmful effects of ultraviolet light, which was necessary to drive the classical molecular switches and motors at least in one direction, impeding their employment in biomedical and photopharmacology applications. Moreover, visible light-driven molecular switches and motors are demonstrated to enable benign optical materials for advanced photonic devices. Therefore, during the past several years, visible light-driven molecular switches based on azobenzene derivatives, diarylethenes, 1,2-dicyanodithienylethenes, hemithioindigo derivatives, iminothioindoxyls, donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts, and overcrowded alkene based molecular motors have been judiciously designed, synthesized, and used in the development of functional materials and systems for a wide range of applications. In this Review, we present the recent developments toward the design of visible light-driven molecular switches and motors, with their applications in the fabrication of functional materials and systems in material science, bioscience, pharmacology, etc . The visible light-driven molecular switches and motors realized so far undoubtedly widen the scope of these interesting compounds for technological and biological applications. We hope this Review article could provide additional impetus and inspire further research interests for future exploration of visible light-driven advanced materials, systems, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Hari Bisoyi
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institue, UNITED STATES
| | - Fathy Hassan
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Quan Li
- Kent State University, Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdiscinplary Program, 3273 Crown Pointe Drive, 44224, Stow, UNITED STATES
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21
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Martín Giménez VM, Arya G, Zucchi IA, Galante MJ, Manucha W. Photo-responsive polymeric nanocarriers for target-specific and controlled drug delivery. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8577-8584. [PMID: 34580698 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional drug delivery systems often have several pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic limitations related to their low efficacy and bad safety. It is because these traditional systems cannot always be selectively addressed to their therapeutic target sites. Currently, target-specific and controlled drug delivery is one of the foremost challenges in the biomedical field. In this context, stimuli-responsive polymeric nanomaterials have been recognized as a topic of intense research. They have gained immense attention in therapeutics - particularly in the drug delivery area - due to the ease of tailorable behavior in response to the surroundings. Light irradiation is of particular interest among externally triggered stimuli because it may be specifically localized in a contact-free manner. Light-human body interactions may sometimes be harmful due to photothermal and photomechanical reactions that lead to cell death by photo-toxicity and/or photosensitization. However, these limitations may also be overcome by the use of photo-responsive polymeric nanostructures. This review summarizes recent developments in photo-responsive polymeric nanocarriers used in the field of drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nanogels, micelles, nanofibers, dendrimers, and polymersomes, as well as their classification and mechanisms of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna M Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Geeta Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ileana A Zucchi
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María J Galante
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina
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23
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Lin J, Ma H, Wang Z, Zhou S, Yan B, Shi F, Yan Q, Wang J, Fan H, Xiang J. 808 nm Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Payload Release from Green Light-Responsive Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts Polymer-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100318. [PMID: 34347335 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to deep activation in biotissues and enhanced targeting efficiency, developing photoresponsive polymer-upconversion nanoparticles (PP-UCNPs) nanovectors has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade. However, up to date, all developed nanovectors require high-order photon processes to initiate the release of cargos. The photodamage caused by high-power near-infrared laser light may be a critical obstacle to their clinical application. Here, for the first time, by leveraging absorption-emission spectral matching between donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) PP and UCNPs (λex , 808 nm) in the green region (≈530 nm), the designed nanovector is capable of releasing cargos at a low-power 808 nm excitation (0.2 W). Considering the high molar absorptivity, biobenign, and synthetic tunability of DASA, DASA PP can be utilized as an up-and-coming candidate to design and synthesize the next generation of upconversion nanovectors without photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Lin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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24
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Zhang L, Jin D, Stenzel MH. Polymer-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Light/Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3168-3201. [PMID: 34304566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The strong upconversion luminescence (UCL) of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) endows the nanoparticles with attractive features for combined imaging and drug delivery. UCNPs convert near-infrared (NIR) light into light of shorter wavelengths such as light in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions, which can be used for light-guided drug delivery. Although light-responsive drug delivery systems as such have been known for many years, their application in medicine is limited, as strong UV-light can be damaging to tissue; moreover, UV light will not penetrate deeply into the skin, an issue that UCNPs can now address. However, UCNPs, as obtained after synthesis, are usually hydrophobic and require further surface functionalization to be stable in plasma. Polymers can serve as versatile surface coatings, as they can provide good colloidal stability, prevent the formation of a protein corona, provide a matrix for drugs, and be stimuli-responsive. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of the most recent progress in the synthesis of UCNPs with different shapes/sizes. We will then discuss the purpose of polymer coating for drug delivery before summarizing the strategies to coat UCNPs with various polymers. We will introduce the different polymers that have so far been used to coat UCNPs with the purpose to create a drug delivery system, focusing in detail on light-responsive polymers. To expand the application of UCNPs to allow photothermal therapy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or to simply enhance the loading capacity of drugs, UCNPs were often combined with other materials to generate multifunctional nanoparticles such as carbon-based NPs and nanoMOFs. We then conclude with a discussion on drug loading and release and summarize the current knowledge on the toxicity of these polymer-coated UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Zheng C, Yu Y, Kuang S, Zhu B, Zhou H, Zhang SQ, Yang J, Shi L, Ran C. β-Amyloid Peptides Manipulate Switching Behaviors of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9887-9896. [PMID: 34235921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switching plays a critical role in biological and displaying systems. Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) is a newly re-discovered series of switchable photochromes, and light is the most used approach to control its switching behavior. In this report, we speculated that hydrophobic binding pockets of biologically relevant peptides/proteins could be harnessed to alter its switching behavior without the assistance of light. We designed and synthesized a DASA compound SHA-2, and we demonstrated that the Aβ40 species could stabilize SHA-2 in the linear conformation and decrease the rate of molecular switching via fluorescence spectral studies. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation revealed that SHA-2 could bind to the hydrophobic fragment of the peptide and resulted in substantial changes in the tertiary structure of Aβ40 monomer. This structural change is likely to impede the aggregation of Aβ40, as evidenced by the results from thioflavin T fluorescence and ProteoStat aggregation detection experiments. We believe that our study opens a new window to alter the switching behavior of DASA via DASA-peptide/protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Shi Kuang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Biyue Zhu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Heng Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shao-Qing Zhang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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26
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Nánási D, Kunfi A, Ábrahám Á, Mayer PJ, Mihály J, Samu GF, Kiss É, Mohai M, London G. Construction and Properties of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts on Gold Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3057-3066. [PMID: 33645991 PMCID: PMC8031373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct molecular layer on a gold surface is presented. To avoid the incompatibility of the thiol surface-binding group with the donor-acceptor polyene structure of the switch, an interfacial reaction approach was followed. Poly(dopamine)-supported gold nanoparticles on quartz slides were chosen as substrates, which was expected to facilitate both the interfacial reaction and the switching process by providing favorable steric conditions due to the curved particle surface. The reaction between the surface-bound donor half and the CF3-isoxazolone-based acceptor half was proved to be successful by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). However, UV-vis measurements suggested that a closed, cyclopentenone-containing structure of the switch formed on the surface irreversibly. Analysis of the wetting behavior of the surface revealed spontaneous water spreading that could be associated with conformational changes of the closed isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma
Edit Nánási
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kunfi
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Ábrahám
- Laboratory
of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Biological
Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural
Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely F. Samu
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory
of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Mohai
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural
Sciences, Magyar tudósok
körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Ghezzi M, Pescina S, Padula C, Santi P, Del Favero E, Cantù L, Nicoli S. Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions. J Control Release 2021; 332:312-336. [PMID: 33652113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles, i.e. aggregation colloids formed in solution by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, represent an innovative tool to overcome several issues related to drug administration, from the low water-solubility to the poor drug permeability across biological barriers. With respect to other nanocarriers, polymeric micelles generally display smaller size, easier preparation and sterilization processes, and good solubilization properties, unfortunately associated with a lower stability in biological fluids and a more complicated characterization. Particularly challenging is the study of their interaction with the biological environment, essential to predict the real in vivo behavior after administration. In this review, after a general presentation on micelles features and properties, different characterization techniques are discussed, from the ones used for the determination of micelles basic characteristics (critical micellar concentration, size, surface charge, morphology) to the more complex approaches used to figure out micelles kinetic stability, drug release and behavior in the presence of biological substrates (fluids, cells and tissues). The techniques presented (such as dynamic light scattering, AFM, cryo-TEM, X-ray scattering, FRET, symmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and density ultracentrifugation), each one with their own advantages and limitations, can be combined to achieve a deeper comprehension of polymeric micelles in vivo behavior. The set-up and validation of adequate methods for micelles description represent the essential starting point for their development and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghezzi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - L Cantù
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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28
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Hou W, Liu R, Bi S, He Q, Wang H, Gu J. Photo-Responsive Polymersomes as Drug Delivery System for Potential Medical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E5147. [PMID: 33167426 PMCID: PMC7663911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a strong retardation effect of o-nitrobenzyl ester on polymerization, it is still a great challenge to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers for polymersomes with a o-nitrobenzyl ester-based hydrophobic block. Herein, we present one such solution to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers with pure poly (o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) as the hydrophobic block and poly (N,N'-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) as the hydrophilic block using bulk reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of o-nitrobenzyl acrylate using a PDMA macro-RAFT agent. The developed amphiphilic block copolymers have a suitable hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio and can self-assemble into photoresponsive polymersomes for co-loading hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos into hydrophobic membranes and aqueous compartments of the polymersomes. The polymersomes demonstrate a clear photo-responsive characteristic. Exposure to light irradiation at 365 nm can trigger a photocleavage reaction of o-nitrobenzyl groups, which results in dissociation of the polymersomes with simultaneous co-release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargoes on demand. Therefore, these polymersomes have great potential as a smart drug delivery nanocarrier for controllable loading and releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules. Moreover, taking advantage of the conditional releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, the drug delivery system has potential use in medical applications such as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China;
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China; (R.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Siwei Bi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China; (R.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Qian He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China;
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
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