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Pu M, Fang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Lin Y, Lei W, Li L. Recent Advances in Environment-Friendly Polyurethanes from Polyols Recovered from the Recycling and Renewable Resources: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 39000744 PMCID: PMC11244063 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is among the most universal polymers and has been extensively applied in many fields, such as construction, machinery, furniture, clothing, textile, packaging and biomedicine. Traditionally, as the main starting materials for PU, polyols deeply depend on petroleum stock. From the perspective of recycling and environmental friendliness, advanced PU synthesis, using diversified resources as feedstocks, aims to develop versatile products with excellent properties to achieve the transformation from a fossil fuel-driven energy economy to renewable and sustainable ones. This review focuses on the recent development in the synthesis and modification of PU by extracting value-added monomers for polyols from waste polymers and natural bio-based polymers, such as the recycled waste polymers: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PU and polycarbonate (PC); the biomaterials: vegetable oil, lignin, cashew nut shell liquid and plant straw; and biomacromolecules: polysaccharides and protein. To design these advanced polyurethane formulations, it is essential to understand the structure-property relationships of PU from recycling polyols. In a word, this bottom-up path provides a material recycling approach to PU design for printing and packaging, as well as biomedical, building and wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Pu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yangyang Lin
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanqing Lei
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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2
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Dixon RA, Puente-Urbina A, Beckham GT, Román-Leshkov Y. Enabling Lignin Valorization Through Integrated Advances in Plant Biology and Biorefining. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:239-263. [PMID: 39038247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-022602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite lignin having long been viewed as an impediment to the processing of biomass for the production of paper, biofuels, and high-value chemicals, the valorization of lignin to fuels, chemicals, and materials is now clearly recognized as a critical element for the lignocellulosic bioeconomy. However, the intended application for lignin will likely require a preferred lignin composition and form. To that end, effective lignin valorization will require the integration of plant biology, providing optimal feedstocks, with chemical process engineering, providing efficient lignin transformations. Recent advances in our understanding of lignin biosynthesis have shown that lignin structure is extremely diverse and potentially tunable, while simultaneous developments in lignin refining have resulted in the development of several processes that are more agnostic to lignin composition. Here, we review the interface between in planta lignin design and lignin processing and discuss the advances necessary for lignin valorization to become a feature of advanced biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA;
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allen Puente-Urbina
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Kim HJ, Jin X, Choi JW. Investigation of bio-based rigid polyurethane foams synthesized with lignin and castor oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13490. [PMID: 38866939 PMCID: PMC11169680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, polyurethane (PU) foams were manufactured using kraft lignin and castor oil as bio-based polyols by replacing 5-20 wt% and 10-100 wt% of conventional polyol, respectively. To investigate the effects of unmodified bio-based polyols on PU foam production, reactivity and morphology within PU composites was analyzed as well as mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting foams. Bio-based PU foam production was carried out after characterizing the reagents used in the foaming process (including hydroxyl group content, molecular weight distribution, and viscosity). To compare the resulting bio-based PU foams, control foam were produced without any bio-based polyol under the same experimental conditions. For lignin-incorporated PU foams, two types, LPU and lpu, were manufactured with index ratio of 1.01 and 1.3, respectively. The compressive strength of LPU foams increased with lignin content from 5 wt% (LPU5: 147 kPa) to 20 wt% (LPU20: 207 kPa), although it remained lower than that of the control foam (PU0: 326 kPa). Similarly, the compressive strength of lpu foams was lower than that of the control foam (pu0: 441 kPa), with values of 164 kPa (lpu5), 163 kPa (lpu10), 167 kPa (lpu15), and 147 kPa (lpu20). At 10 wt% lignin content, both foams (LPU10 and lpu10) exhibited the smallest and most homogenous pore sizes and structures. For castor oil-incorporated PU foams with an index of 1.01, denoted as CPU, increasing castor oil content resulted in larger cell sizes and void fractions, transitioning to an open-cell structure and decreasing the compressive strength of the foams from 284 kPa (CPU10) to 23 kPa (CPU100). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results indicated the formation of characteristic urethane linkages in PU foams and confirmed that bio-based polyols were less reactive with isocyanate compared to traditional polyol. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that incorporating lignin and castor oil affected the thermal decomposition behavior. The thermal stability of lignin-incorporated PU foams improved as the lignin content increased with char yields increasing from 11.5 wt% (LPU5) to 15.8 wt% (LPU20) and from 12.4 wt% (lpu5) to 17.5 wt% (lpu20). Conversely, the addition of castor oil resulted in decreased thermal stability, with char yields decreasing from 10.6 wt% (CPU10) to 4.2 wt% (CPU100). This research provides a comprehensive understanding of PU foams incorporating unmodified biomass-derived polyols (lignin and castor oil), suggesting their potential for value-added utilization as bio-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuanjun Jin
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Z, Kang S, Liu Y, Wang P, Liu T, Bushra R, Khan MR, Guo J, Zhu W, Xiao H, Song J. Hydrostability, mechanical resilience, and biodegradability of paper straws fabricated through lignin-based polyurethane and chitosan binary emulsion bonding. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132155. [PMID: 38729462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing the strength and water stability of paper straws through a novel approach involving a binary emulsion of lignin-based polyurethane and chitosan. Kraft lignin serves as the raw material for synthesizing a blocked waterborne polyurethane, subsequently combined with carboxylated chitosan to form a stable binary emulsion. The resulting emulsion, exhibiting remarkable stability over at least 6 months, is applied to the base paper. Following emulsion application, the paper undergoes torrefaction at 155 °C. This process deblocks isocyanate groups, enabling their reaction with hydroxyl groups on chitosan and fibers, ultimately forming ester bonds. This reaction significantly improves the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of paper straws. The composite paper straws demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 47.21 MPa, Young's modulus of 4.33 GPa, and flexural strength of 32.38 MPa. Notably, its water stability is greatly enhanced, with a wet tensile strength of 40.66 MPa, surpassing commercial paper straws by 8 folds. Furthermore, the composite straw achieves complete biodegradability within 120 days, outperforming conventional paper straws in terms of environmental impact. This innovative solution presents a promising and sustainable alternative to plastic straws, addressing the urgent need for eco-friendly products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; School of Automation and Electronic Information, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Shaomin Kang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yena Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rani Bushra
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Rayung M, Ghani NA, Hasanudin N. A review on vegetable oil-based non isocyanate polyurethane: towards a greener and sustainable production route. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9273-9299. [PMID: 38505386 PMCID: PMC10949916 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08684d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from conventional polyurethane (PU) to non isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is driven mainly by safety concerns, environmental considerations, and sustainability issues associated with the current PU technology. NIPU has emerged as a promising alternative, addressing limitations related to traditional PU production. There has been increasing interest in bio-based NIPU aligning with the aspiration for green materials and processes. One important biomass resource for the development of bio-based NIPU is vegetable oil, an abundant, renewable, and relatively low cost feedstock. As such, this review aims to provide insight into the progression of NIPU derived from vegetable oils. This article highlights the synthetic and green approach to NIPU production, emphasizing the method involving the polyaddition reaction of cyclic carbonates and amines. The review includes case studies on vegetable oil-based NIPU and perspectives on their properties. Further, discussions on the potential applications and commercial importance of PU and NIPU are included. Finally, we offer perspectives on possible research directions and the future prospects of NIPU, contributing to the ongoing evolution of PU technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- School of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang Kampus Jengka 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Pahang Malaysia
| | - Noraini Abd Ghani
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia
- Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Hasanudin
- Terra Mineral Lab Sdn Bhd Level 16, Perak Techno Trade Centre Bandar Meru Jaya, Off Jalan Jelapan Ipoh 30020 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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Jung S, Yun H, Kim J, Kim J, Yeo H, Choi IG, Kwak HW. Lignin/PVA hydrogel with enhanced structural stability for cationic dye removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128810. [PMID: 38101680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lignin-based hydrogel for wastewater treatment was prepared by incorporating kraft lignin (KL) into a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The underwater structural stability of the KL-PVA hydrogel was guaranteed through physicochemical crosslinking, involving freeze-thaw process and chemical crosslinking reaction. The KL-PVA hydrogel displayed superior compressive characteristics compared to the original PVA hydrogel. This improvement was attributed to the chemical crosslinking and the reinforcing effect of the incorporated KL microparticles. The incorporation of anionic KL microparticles into the PVA three-dimensional network structure enhanced the cationic methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) adsorption efficiency of the prepared KL-PVA hydrogel. The MB adsorption results were well explained by pseudo-2nd order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model. Electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms between cationic dyes and KL surfaces, indicating the potential of KL-PVA hydrogel as an effective adsorption material. Moreover, regulating the molecular weight of PVA not only prevented lignin leakage from the KL-PVA hydrogel but also elevated the KL content within the hydrogel, consequently improving its dye removal performance. For KL-PVA hydrogel with high molecular weight PVA, the MB and CV adsorption capacities were 193.8 mg/g and 190.0 mg/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungoh Jung
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheol Yun
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanmyeong Yeo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Rong H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lu X. Self-Healing Elastomers with Unprecedented Ultrahigh Strength, Superhigh Fracture Energy, Excellent Puncture Resistance, and Durability Based on Supramolecule Interlocking Networks Formed by Interlaced Hydrogen Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2802-2813. [PMID: 38181409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to the multiple different properties in self-healing elastomers that are mutually exclusive based on the different and contradictory molecule chain structures, simultaneously achieving the ultrahigh mechanical performance and high durability of self-healing elastomers is a great challenge and the goal that has always been pursued. Herein, we report a novel strategy to fabricate a self-healing elastomer by introducing interlaced hydrogen bonds with superhigh binding energy. Distinguishing from the quadruple hydrogen bonds reported already, the interlaced hydrogen bond with a lower repulsive secondary interaction and higher binding energy is composed of two molecule units with different lengths and steric hindrance. Connected by the interlaced hydrogen bonds, a supramolecule interlocking network is formed to lock the polymer chains at room temperature, endowing the poly(urethane-urea) elastomer with an unprecedented ultrahigh strength (117.5 MPa, even higher than some plastics), the superhigh fracture energy (522.46 kJ m-2), and an excellent puncture resistance (puncture force reached 181.9 N). Moreover, the elastomers also exhibited excellent self-healing properties (healing efficiency up to 95.8%), high transparency (the average transmittance up to 91.0%), and good durability (including thermal decomposition resistance, thermal oxidation aging resistance, water resistance, and solvent resistance), providing a theoretical basis and technical reference in the development and broadening the application prospects of self-healing elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Rong
- School of Materials of Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhang
- School of Materials of Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Materials of Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xun Lu
- School of Materials of Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Li C, Jin H, Hou M, Guo X, Xiao T, Cao X, Jia W, Fatehi P, Shi H. Fractionated lignin as a polyol in polyurethane fabrication. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128290. [PMID: 37992926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate the effect of lignin, which was fractioned by green solvents into different molecular weights and used as polyol in the production of polyurethane foams (PUF). The results indicated that the foams prepared with the lower molecular weight lignin had uniform and complete pore structure and improved the mechanical strength. However, the higher molecular weight fraction lignin improved the density and thermal stability of the foam more significantly at the expense of inferior mechanical strength and pore structure deficiency. When the substitution degree of lignin in the PUF was 2 %-30 %, 99.13 % of the lowest molecular weight lignin was participated in the reaction to produce PUF, which improved the elongation at break (Eb) and tensile strength (Ts) of PUF to 834 % and 0.90 MPa, respectively. Also, thermal stability and the amount of unreacted lignin in PUF were increased at a higher substitution degree of lignin in PUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huiqi Jin
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Minjie Hou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenchao Jia
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay P7B5E1, ON, Canada
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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9
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Wu Z, Lin X, Teng J, Li M, Song J, Huang C, Wang R, Ying H, Zhang L, Zhu C. Recent Advances of Lignin Functionalization for High-Performance and Advanced Functional Rubber Composites. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4553-4567. [PMID: 37813827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The biomass lignin is the only large-volume renewable feedstock that is composed of aromatics but has been largely underutilized and is sought for valorization as a value-added material. Recent research has highlighted lignin as a promising alternative to traditional petrol-based reinforcements and functional additives for rubber composites. This review summarized the recent advances in the functionalization of lignin for a variety of rubber composites, as well as the compounding techniques for effectively dispersing lignin within the rubber matrix. Significant progress has been achieved in the development of high-performance and advanced functional rubber/lignin composites through carefully designing the structure of lignin-based additives and the optimization of interfacial morphologies. This Review discussed the effect of lignin on composite properties, including mechanical reinforcement, dynamic properties, antiaging performance, and oil resistance, and also the advanced stimuli-responsive performance in detail. A critical analysis for the future development of rubber/lignin composites is presented as concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiran Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiye Teng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Kim BM, Choi JS, Jang S, Park H, Lee SY, Jung J, Park J. Sustainable Strategies for Synthesizing Lignin-Incorporated Bio-Based Waterborne Polyurethane with Tunable Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3987. [PMID: 37836038 PMCID: PMC10575038 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing lignin-incorporated castor-oil-based cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU-LX), diverging significantly from conventional waterborne polyurethane dispersion synthesis methods. Our innovative method efficiently reduces the required solvent quantity for CWPU-LX synthesis to approximately 50% of that employed in traditional WBPU experimental procedures. By incorporating lignin into the polyurethane matrix using this efficient and reduced-solvent method, CWPU-LX demonstrates enhanced properties, rendering it a promising material for diverse applications. Dynamic interactions between lignin and polyurethane molecules contribute to improved mechanical properties, enhanced thermal stability, and increased solvent resistance. Dynamic interactions between lignin and polyurethane molecules contribute to improved tensile strength, up to 250% compared to CWPU samples. Furthermore, the inclusion of lignin enhanced thermal stability, showcasing a 4.6% increase in thermal decomposition temperature compared to conventional samples and increased solvent resistance to ethanol. Moreover, CWPU-LX exhibits desirable characteristics such as protection against ultraviolet light and antibacterial properties. These unique properties can be attributed to the presence of the polyphenolic group and the three-dimensional structure of lignin, further highlighting the versatility and potential of this material in various application domains. The integration of lignin, a renewable and abundant resource, into CWPU-LX exemplifies the commitment to environmentally conscious practices and underscores the significance of greener materials in achieving a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Min Kim
- Department of Carbon and Fiber Composite Materials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Sil Choi
- Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Sunjin Jang
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
| | - Hyeji Park
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
| | - Seung Yeol Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | | | - Jaehyeung Park
- Department of Carbon and Fiber Composite Materials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
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11
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Ma X, Wang X, Zhao H, Xu X, Cui M, Stott NE, Chen P, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen J. High-Performance, Light-Stimulation Healable, and Closed-Loop Recyclable Lignin-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303215. [PMID: 37269200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, high-performance, light-stimulation healable, and closed-loop recyclable covalent adaptable networks are successfully synthesized from natural lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) Zn2+ coordination structures (LPUxZy). Using an optimized LPU (LPU-20 with a tensile strength of 28.4 ± 3.5 MPa) as the matrix for Zn2+ coordination, LPUs with covalent adaptable coordination networks are obtained that have different amounts of Zn. When the feed amount of ZnCl2 is 9 wt%, the strength of LPU-20Z9 reaches 37.3 ± 3.1 MPa with a toughness of 175.4 ± 4.6 MJ m-3 , which is 1.7 times of that of LPU-20. In addition, Zn2+ has a crucial catalytic effect on "dissociation mechanism" in the exchange reaction of LPU. Moreover, the Zn2+ -based coordination bonds significantly enhance the photothermal conversion capability of lignin. The maximum surface temperature of LPU-20Z9 reaches 118 °C under the near-infrared illumination of 0.8 W m-2 . This allows the LPU-20Z9 to self-heal within 10 min. Due to the catalytic effect of Zn2+ , LPU-20Z9 can be degraded and recovered in ethanol completely. Through the investigation of the mechanisms for exchange reaction and the design of the closed-loop recycling method, this work is expected to provide insight into the development of novel LPUs with high-performance, light-stimulated heal ability, and closed-loop recyclability; which can be applied toward the expanded development of intelligent elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Honglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110142, China
| | - Nathan E Stott
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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12
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Chen J, Zeng Z, Liu C, Wang X, Li S, Ye F, Li C, Guan X. Aqueous Cationic Fluorinated Polyurethane for Application in Novel UV-Curable Cathodic Electrodeposition Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3725. [PMID: 37765579 PMCID: PMC10535655 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous polyurethane is an environmentally friendly, low-cost, high-performance resin with good abrasion resistance and strong adhesion. Cationic aqueous polyurethane is limited in cathodic electrophoretic coatings due to its complicated preparation process and its poor stability and single performance after emulsification and dispersion. The introduction of perfluoropolyether alcohol (PFPE-OH) and light curing technology can effectively improve the stability of aqueous polyurethane emulsions, and thus enhance the functionality of coating films. In this paper, a new UV-curable fluorinated polyurethane-based cathodic electrophoretic coating was prepared using cationic polyurethane as a precursor, introducing PFPE-OH capping, and grafting hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The results showed that the presence of perfluoropolyether alcohol in the structure affected the variation of the moisture content of the paint film after flash evaporation. Based on the emulsion particle size and morphology tests, it can be assumed that the fluorinated cationic polyurethane emulsion is a core-shell structure with hydrophobic ends encapsulated in the polymer and hydrophilic ends on the outer surface. After abrasion testing and baking, the fluorine atoms of the coating were found to increase from 8.89% to 27.34%. The static contact angle of the coating to water was 104.6 ± 3°, and the water droplets rolled off without traces, indicating that the coating is hydrophobic. The coating has excellent thermal stability and tensile properties. The coating also passed the tests of impact resistance, flexibility, adhesion, and resistance to chemical corrosion in extreme environments. This study provides a new idea for the construction of a new and efficient cathodic electrophoretic coating system, and also provides more areas for the promotion of cationic polyurethane to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Green Fine Chemical Joint Laboratory, Qingyuan 511542, China
| | - Zhihao Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Can Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Shiting Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Feihua Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Green Fine Chemical Joint Laboratory, Qingyuan 511542, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.); (X.W.); (S.L.); (F.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Green Fine Chemical Joint Laboratory, Qingyuan 511542, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guan
- China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou 511370, China
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13
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Xu R, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Yan Y, Gan L, Xu J, Zhou G. Recent Advances in Biodegradable and Biocompatible Synthetic Polymers Used in Skin Wound Healing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5459. [PMID: 37570163 PMCID: PMC10419642 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of skin wounds caused by trauma and pathophysiological disorders has been a growing healthcare challenge, posing a great economic burden worldwide. The use of appropriate wound dressings can help to facilitate the repair and healing rate of defective skin. Natural polymer biomaterials such as collagen and hyaluronic acid with excellent biocompatibility have been shown to promote wound healing and the restoration of skin. However, the low mechanical properties and fast degradation rate have limited their applications. Skin wound dressings based on biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic polymers can not only overcome the shortcomings of natural polymer biomaterials but also possess favorable properties for applications in the treatment of skin wounds. Herein, we listed several biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic polymers used as wound dressing materials, such as PVA, PCL, PLA, PLGA, PU, and PEO/PEG, focusing on their composition, fabrication techniques, and functions promoting wound healing. Additionally, the future development prospects of synthetic biodegradable polymer-based wound dressings are put forward. Our review aims to provide new insights for the further development of wound dressings using synthetic biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojiao Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Yifeng Fang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Yajie Cao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Yujia Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Li Gan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Jinbao Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.X.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.G.)
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14
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Antonino L, Sumerskii I, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Felisberti MI, dos Santos DJ. Lignin-Based Polyurethanes from the Blocked Isocyanate Approach: Synthesis and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27621-27633. [PMID: 37546644 PMCID: PMC10398858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the world's second most abundant biopolymer, has been investigated as a precursor of polyurethanes due to its high availability and large amount of hydroxyls present in its structure. Lignin-based polyurethanes (LPUs) are usually synthesized from the reaction between lignin, previously modified or not, and diisocyanates. In the present work, LPUs were prepared, for the first time, using the blocked isocyanate approach. For that, unmodified and hydroxypropylated Kraft lignins were reacted with 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in the presence of diisopropylamine (blocking agent). Castor oil was employed as a second polyol. The chemical modification was confirmed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) analysis, and the structure of both lignins was elucidated by a bidimensional NMR technique. The LPUs' prepolymerization kinetics was investigated by temperature-modulated optical refractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The positive effect of hydroxypropylation on the reactivity of the Kraft lignin was verified. The structure of LPU prepolymers was accessed by bidimensional NMR. The formation of hindered urea-terminated LPU prepolymers was confirmed. From the results, the feasibility of the blocked isocyanate approach to obtain LPUs was proven. Lastly, single-lap shear tests were performed and revealed the potential of LPU prepolymers as monocomponent adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo
D. Antonino
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ivan Sumerskii
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Demetrio J. dos Santos
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
- Center
of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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15
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Balk M, Sofia P, Neffe AT, Tirelli N. Lignin, the Lignification Process, and Advanced, Lignin-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11668. [PMID: 37511430 PMCID: PMC10380785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
At a time when environmental considerations are increasingly pushing for the application of circular economy concepts in materials science, lignin stands out as an under-used but promising and environmentally benign building block. This review focuses (A) on understanding what we mean with lignin, i.e., where it can be found and how it is produced in plants, devoting particular attention to the identity of lignols (including ferulates that are instrumental for integrating lignin with cell wall polysaccharides) and to the details of their coupling reactions and (B) on providing an overview how lignin can actually be employed as a component of materials in healthcare and energy applications, finally paying specific attention to the use of lignin in the development of organic shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balk
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Pietro Sofia
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- The Open University Affiliated Research Centre at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ARC@IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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16
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Silva TAR, Marques AC, Dos Santos RG, Shakoor RA, Taryba M, Montemor MF. Development of BioPolyurethane Coatings from Biomass-Derived Alkylphenol Polyols-A Green Alternative. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112561. [PMID: 37299359 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polyols were obtained from the thermochemical liquefaction of two biomass feedstocks, pinewood and Stipa tenacissima, with conversion rates varying between 71.9 and 79.3 wt.%, and comprehensively characterized. They exhibit phenolic and aliphatic moieties displaying hydroxyl (OH) functional groups, as confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The biopolyols obtained were successfully employed as a green raw material to produce bio-based polyurethane (BioPU) coatings on carbon steel substrates, using, as an isocyanate source, a commercial bio-based polyisocyanate-Desmodur® Eco N7300. The BioPU coatings were analyzed in terms of chemical structure, the extent of the reaction of the isocyanate species, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and adhesion strength. They show moderate thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C, and a mild hydrophobicity, displaying contact angles between 68° and 86°. The adhesion tests reveal similar pull-off strength values (ca. 2.2 MPa) for the BioPU either prepared with pinewood and Stipa-derived biopolyols (BPUI and BPUII). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out on the coated substrates for 60 days in 0.05 M NaCl solution. Good corrosion protection properties were achieved for the coatings, with particular emphasis on the coating prepared with the pinewood-derived polyol, which exhibited a low-frequency impedance modulus normalized for the coating thickness of 6.1 × 1010 Ω cm at the end of the 60 days test, three times higher than for coatings prepared with Stipa-derived biopolyols. The produced BioPU formulations show great potential for application as coatings, and for further modification with bio-based fillers and corrosion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A R Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui G Dos Santos
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente (CERENA), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rana A Shakoor
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 9FHQ + JMF, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryna Taryba
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Montemor
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Departamento de Engenharia Química (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Smit AT, Bellinetto E, Dezaire T, Boumezgane O, Riddell LA, Turri S, Hoek M, Bruijnincx PCA, Griffini G. Tuning the Properties of Biobased PU Coatings via Selective Lignin Fractionation and Partial Depolymerization. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:7193-7202. [PMID: 37180028 PMCID: PMC10171370 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) coatings with high lignin content and tunable properties were made using a combination of fractionation and partial catalytic depolymerization as a novel strategy to tailor lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity, the key parameters for use in PU coatings. Acetone organosolv lignin obtained from pilot-scale fractionation of beech wood chips was processed at the kilogram scale to produce lignin fractions with specific molar mass ranges (Mw 1000-6000 g/mol) and reduced polydispersity. Aliphatic hydroxyl groups were distributed relatively evenly over the lignin fractions, allowing detailed study of the correlation between lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity using an aliphatic polyisocyanate linker. As expected, the high molar mass fractions exhibited low cross-linking reactivity, yielding rigid coatings with a high glass transition temperature (Tg). The lower Mw fractions showed increased lignin reactivity, extent of cross-linking, and gave coatings with enhanced flexibility and lower Tg. Lignin properties could be further tailored by lignin partial depolymerization by reduction (PDR) of the beech wood lignin and its high molar mass fractions; excellent translation of the PDR process was observed from laboratory to the pilot scale necessary for coating applications in prospective industrial scenarios. Lignin depolymerization significantly improved lignin reactivity, and coatings produced from PDR lignin showed the lowest Tg values and highest coating flexibility. Overall, this study provides a powerful strategy for the production of PU coatings with tailored properties and high (>90%) biomass content, paving the path to the development of fully green and circular PU materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan T. Smit
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Bellinetto
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Dezaire
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oussama Boumezgane
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luke A. Riddell
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michiel Hoek
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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Djahaniani H, Ghavidel N, Kazemian H. Green and facile synthesis of lignin/HKUST-1 as a novel hybrid biopolymer metal-organic-framework for a pH-controlled drug release system. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124627. [PMID: 37119882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid polymer/HKUST-1 composite for oral drug delivery. A green, one-pot approach was employed to synthesize the modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composite using alkali lignin as a novel pH-responsive biopolymer carrier for the simulated oral delivery system. Several analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the chemical and crystalline structure of HKUST-1 and L/HKUST-1 composite. The drug loading capacity and drug-controlled release behavior of HKUST-1 and L/HKUST-1 were examined using ibuprofen (IBU) as an oral drug model. L/HKUST-1 composite demonstrated a pH-controlled drug release behavior by advancing the drug stability at low pHs such as the gastric medium and controlling drug release in the pH range of 6.8-7.4, similar to intestinal pH. The results suggest that the L/HKUST-1 composite is a promising candidate for oral medication delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoorieh Djahaniani
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - Nasim Ghavidel
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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19
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Wang D, Liu L, Shen R, Chen Y, Diao M, Yao J. Fascinating polyphenol lignin extracted from sawdust via a green and recyclable solvent route. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123780. [PMID: 36822281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity, heterogeneity and recalcitrant structure of lignin, the extraction of multifunctional lignin directly from lignocellulose is still a challenge. Here, a green and recyclable route was proposed to separate high-quality lignin and tailor its functionalities. Through tuning the components of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and separation procedures, DES extracted lignin (DESL) exhibited high purity of 99.6 %, yield of 83.2 % and phenolic hydroxyl content of 8.33 wt%. The results of FTIR and 13C NMR demonstrated that DESL possessed more oxygen-containing reactive groups compared with commercial lignin (CL), enabling DESL with more superior functional activities. DESL exhibited higher antioxidant activity with the DPPH capture rate of 73.2 %. Meanwhile, DESL showed strong bactericidal effects against E. coli (100 %) and S. aureus (100 %) due to higher phenolic hydroxyl content, which could destroy bacterial cell membranes and inhibit bacterial metabolism by interacting with phospholipid layer and protein. Additionally, DESL displayed strong UV absorption and could be blended with polyurethane to enhance UV shielding property of polyurethane composite film with >50 of UPF value. In summary, DES treatment is a suitable strategy for high-quality lignin separation, which opens a broad spectrum of possibilities for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Rongsheng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yangliu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mengyuan Diao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juming Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
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20
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Thoresen PP, Lange H, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Covalently bound humin-lignin hybrids as important novel substructures in organosolv spruce lignins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123471. [PMID: 36736515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv lignins (OSLs) are important byproducts of the cellulose-centred biorefinery that need to be converted in high value-added products for economic viability. Yet, OSLs occasionally display characteristics that are unexpected looking at the lignin motifs present. Applying advanced NMR, GPC, and thermal analyses, isolated spruce lignins were analysed to correlate organosolv process severity to the structural details for delineating potential valorisations. Very mild conditions were found to not fractionate the biomass, causing a mix of sugars, lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), and corresponding dehydration/degradation products and including pseudo-lignins. Employing only slightly harsher conditions promote fractionation, but also formation of sugar degradation structures that covalently incorporate into the oligomeric and polymeric lignin structures, causing the isolated organosolv lignins to contain lignin-humin hybrid (HLH) structures not yet evidenced as such in organosolv lignins. These structures effortlessly explain observed unexpected solubility issues and unusual thermal responses, and their presence might have to be acknowledged in downstream lignin valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; NBFC - National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
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21
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Ma X, Li S, Wang F, Wu J, Chao Y, Chen X, Chen P, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen J. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Network (CAN) Polyurethanes from Lignin with Editable Shape Memory Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202071. [PMID: 36482867 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here a new strategy of catalyst-free direct synthesis of covalent adaptable network polyurethanes (LPUs) from lignin with editable shape memory effect is reported. Using unmodified lignin, PEG, and isocyanate under the condition of the isocyanate index less than 1.0 (NCO/OH<1.0), a variety of LPUs are obtained. When NCO/OH=0.8, a stable cross-linked network can be formed (ex. the gel content of LPU50-0.8 was 98±0.3 %). The activation energy (Ea ) value of LPUs is similar to that of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), at around 110 kJ mol-1 . With an increase of lignin content, the LPUs show a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture mode. And the mechanical properties of LPUs are significantly enhanced after extrusion processing, with the maximum modulus reaching 649±26 MPa and the maximum toughness up to 9927±111 kJ m-3 . The improvement in mechanical properties is due to the homogenization of complex cross-linked network under the powerful external force of the extruder and the lignin that originally was free in the system participated in the exchange reactions. Moreover, LPUs can also be prepared continuously in one step by using an extruder as the reactor. In addition, LPU50-0.8 has an editable shape memory effect. This study develops a novel method for the synthesis of LPU from lignin with NCO/OH<1.0, showcasing new possibilities for value-added utilization of lignin, and expands the bio-based products portfolio from biomass feedstock to help meet future green manufacturing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yeyan Chao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yan
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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22
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Ha Z, Lei L, Zhou M, Xia Y, Chen X, Mao P, Fan B, Shi S. Bio-Based Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings with High Transparency, Antismudge and Anticorrosive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7427-7441. [PMID: 36696452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green and environment-friendly preparation are of the utmost relevance to the development of transparent antismudge coatings. To prepare a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coating with antismudge property, it is challenging to balance the stability of dispersion and the antismudge property of coating. Herein, we prepare a transparent bio-based WPU coating grafted with a minor proportion of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (WPU-g-PDMS) using renewable castor oil, monocarbinol-terminated PDMS, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid as raw materials. Effects of the dosage of monocarbinol-terminated PDMS, the curing temperature, and the curing time on the antismudge performance were studied. Results showed that rigorous stirring (3000 rpm) is necessary to obtain a stable WPU-g-PDMS dispersion with a storage time longer than 6 months. A high curing temperature (>160 °C) and a period of curing time (>1 h) are indispensable to obtain the excellent antismudge property because they would facilitate the grafted low-surface-tension PDMS chains to migrate from the interior to the coating surface. The facts that simulated contaminated liquids such as water, HCl solution, NaOH solution, artificial blood, and tissue fluid could slide off easily and cleanly, and marker ink lined on the coating surface could shrink, indicated that the WPU-g-PDMS coating has good antismudge properties, which could be self-compensated shortly after deterioration. Due to the high cross-linking degree caused by multifunctional polyol and isocyanate, the WPU-g-PDMS coating has high hardness and good anticorrosive performance. The antismudge functionalization and waterborne technology of bio-based polyurethane coatings proposed in this work could be a promising contribution to the green and sustainable development of functional coatings. This kind of WPU-g-PDMS coating is expected to protect and decorate electronic screens, vehicles, and buildings, especially endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuzheng Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaonong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Mao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bifa Fan
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuxian Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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23
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Ramires Araujo T, Bresolin D, de Oliveira D, Sayer C, Henrique Hermes de Araújo P, Vladimir de Oliveira J. Conventional lignin functionalization for polyurethane applications and a future vision in the use of enzymes as an alternative method. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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24
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Jadhav L, Patil R, Borane N, Patil SV, Mishra S, Patil V. Synthesis of polyurea nanocomposite from industrial waste lignin: Classical curing of isocyanate by lignin-polyamine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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25
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Huang J, Wang H, Liu W, Huang J, Yang D, Qiu X, Zhao L, Hu F, Feng Y. Solvent-free synthesis of high-performance polyurethane elastomer based on low-molecular-weight alkali lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1505-1516. [PMID: 36435459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using cheap and green lignin as a partial substitute for petroleum-based polyols is highly attractive for sustainable development of polyurethane elastomers (LPUes). However, the traditional synthesis process of LPUes inevitably uses toxic solvents that are difficult to remove or carcinogenic. Here, we reported a solvent-free synthesis method to prepare lignin-containing polyurethane elastomers (SF-LPUes) with high strength, high toughness and high elasticity. Most of the hydroxyl groups of lignin reacted with isocyanates to form a strong chemical cross-linking network, while the unreacted ones formed a dynamic hydrogen bond network with polyurethane matrix, contributing to the in-situ formation of lignin nanoparticles to build a nano-micro phase separation structure. Consequently, a dual-crosslinking network structure was formed and endowed SF-LPUes with excellent mechanical properties. Especially, the SF-LPUes prepared from low molecular alkali lignin possessed a tensile strength as high as 38.2 MPa, a maximum elongation at break of 1108 %, and an elastic recovery ratio of up to 98.7 %. Moreover, SF-LPUes showed impressing reprocessing performance and aging resistance. This work provides an industrial application prospect for the synthesis of lignin-containing polyurethane elastomers via a solvent-free synthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Haixu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan Xi Road 100, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchao Hu
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexia Feng
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
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26
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Almeida S, Ozkan S, Gonçalves D, Paulo I, Queirós CSGP, Ferreira O, Bordado J, Galhano dos Santos R. A Brief Evaluation of Antioxidants, Antistatics, and Plasticizers Additives from Natural Sources for Polymers Formulation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010006. [PMID: 36616356 PMCID: PMC9823788 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy plays an important role in the preparation and recycling of polymers. Research groups in different fields, such as materials science, pharmaceutical and engineering, have focused on building sustainable polymers to minimize the release of toxic products. Recent studies focused on the circular economy have suggested developing new polymeric materials based on renewable and sustainable sources, such as using biomass waste to obtain raw materials to prepare new functional bio-additives. This review presents some of the main characteristics of common polymer additives, such as antioxidants, antistatic agents and plasticizers, and recent research in developing bio-alternatives. Examples of these alternatives include the use of polysaccharides from agro-industrial waste streams that can be used as antioxidants, and chitosan which can be used as an antistatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzete Almeida
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sila Ozkan
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Gonçalves
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ivo Paulo
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. G. P. Queirós
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Bordado
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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27
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Puglia D, Luzi F, Torre L. Preparation and Applications of Green Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Nanocomposites Based on Nanolignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245470. [PMID: 36559837 PMCID: PMC9788066 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based materials is of great importance in the present environmental circumstances; hence, research has greatly advanced in the valorization of lignin from lignocellulosic wastes. Lignin is a natural polymer with a crosslinked structure, valuable antiradical activity, unique thermal- and UV-absorption properties, and biodegradability, which justify its use in several prospective and useful application sectors. The active functionalities of lignin promote its use as a valuable material to be adopted in the composite and nanocomposites arenas, being useful and suitable for consideration both for the synthesis of matrices and as a nanofiller. The aim of this review is to summarize, after a brief introduction on the need for alternative green solutions to petroleum-based plastics, the synthesis methods for bio-based and/or biodegradable thermoplastic and thermosetting nanocomposites, along with the application of lignin nanoparticles in all green polymeric matrices, thus generating responsiveness towards the sustainable use of this valuable product in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Puglia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-492916
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
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28
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Quinsaat JEQ, Feghali E, van de Pas DJ, Vendamme R, Torr KM. Preparation of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane/Epoxy Thermoset Materials Using Depolymerized Native Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4562-4573. [PMID: 36224101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. However, the toxic nature of isocyanates used in their formulation is a major concern; hence, more environmentally friendly alternatives are of high interest in the search for new sustainable polymer materials. In this work, we present the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy hybrid thermosets with a high biobased content (85-90 wt %). The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). The LHO was functionalized with epichlorohydrin to yield the epoxidized structure (LHO-GE), which was in turn reacted with CO2 to form the cyclocarbonated species (LHO-CC). Blends of the LHO-CC and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE) were cured to produce hybrid PHU/epoxy (LHO-CC/GDGE) thermosets. Thermosetting materials with flexural moduli of 4.5 GPa and flexural strengths of 160 MPa were produced by optimizing the mass ratio of the two main components and the triamine hardener. These novel biobased hybrid materials outperformed the corresponding epoxy-only thermosets and comparable hybrid PHU/epoxy materials produced from petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand.,Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh1211, Lebanon.,Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium.,Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Kirk M Torr
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand
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29
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Dorieh A, Ayrilmis N, Farajollah Pour M, Ghafari Movahed S, Valizadeh Kiamahalleh M, Shahavi MH, Hatefnia H, Mehdinia M. Phenol formaldehyde resin modified by cellulose and lignin nanomaterials: Review and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1888-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Guo W, Sun S, Wang P, Chen H, Zheng J, Lin X, Qin Y, Qiu X. Successive organic solvent fractionation and homogenization of technical lignin for polyurethane foam with high mechanical performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:913-922. [PMID: 36103905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates an organic solvent fractionation method for lignin homogenization, which can effectively reduce the lignin heterogeneity and use each lignin fraction to prepare polyurethane foams (PUFs) with excellent mechanical properties. Such fractions were fully characterized by GPC, NMR (31P, 2D-HSQC), FTIR, and TG to obtain a detailed description of the structures and properties. The properties of PUFs from each lignin fraction showed higher compatibility than that from unfractionated industrial lignin, as studied by morphology and DSC analysis. The improvement of compatibility between the fractionated lignin fractions and polyethylene glycol can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the prepared PUFs. The hysteresis loss (43.10%-51.85%) and resilience (95.81%-98.81%) of the fractionated lignin polyurethane foams (LPUFs) were better than that from the unfractionated LPUFs (hysteresis loss 41.64%, resilience 94.67%) at the lignin content of 5%. Subsequently, the strong relationships between lignin structures and PUF properties were demonstrated in detail. The suggested approach provides greater possibilities to prepare LPUFs with tunable properties based on real industrial lignin fractions, rather than modified lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shirong Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haonan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuliang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yanlin Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Vieira FR, Magina S, Evtuguin DV, Barros-Timmons A. Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6182. [PMID: 36079563 PMCID: PMC9457695 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50-70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Wu X, Wang D, Zhou S, Han S, Wang H, Sun F. Simultaneously reinforcing and toughening of shape-memory epoxy resin with carboxylated lignosulfonate: Facile preparation and effect mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:243-254. [PMID: 35835301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the compatibility and reactivity of lignosulfonate (LS) with epoxy oligomers, the LS was firstly functionalized with anhydride via the carboxylation reaction. The carboxylated lignosulfonate (CLS) reinforced epoxy resin with excellent mechanical and shape memory performance was prepared facilely via distributing the CLS into the combined epoxy monomers of DGEBA and PEGDGE with the aid of water, rather than using the normal organic solvents. The incorporated CLS promoted the curing reaction of epoxy resin. A typical sea-island structure was formed in the cured sample at the CLS content of 5 phr, exhibiting the highest increases in tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break and toughness by 23.8 %, 18.2 %, 217 % and 113 %, respectively, relative to neat epoxy. Interestingly, the incorporation of CLS at a proper amount led to the simultaneous strengthening and toughing effects on cured epoxy resin, which could be attributed to the rigid structure of CLS covalently introduced in the epoxy resin network and the heterogeneous structure formed in the epoxy matrix. The rigid CLS component also restrained the movement of chain segments, consequently, the mechanical stability was enhanced and the fast shape recovery rate of epoxy resin network was slowed down to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Jiaoman Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuaibo Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fangli Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Lubis MAR, Handika SO, Sari RK, Iswanto AH, Antov P, Kristak L, Lee SH, Pizzi A. Modification of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation with Low Viscosity Bio-Polyurethane Resins Derived from Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112165. [PMID: 35683838 PMCID: PMC9182894 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare low-viscosity lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) resins for the modification of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) fiber via impregnation to improve the fiber’s thermal and mechanical properties. Low-viscosity LPU resins were prepared by dissolving lignin in 20% NaOH and then adding polymeric 4,4-methane diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI, 31% NCO) with a mole ratio of 0.3 NCO/OH. Ramie fiber was impregnated with LPU in a vacuum chamber equipped with a two-stage vacuum pump. Several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and a universal testing machine were used to characterize lignin, LPU, and ramie fiber. The LPU resins had low viscosity ranging from 77 to 317 mPa·s−1. According to FTIR and EDX analysis, urethane bonds were formed during the synthesis of LPU resins and after impregnation into ramie fibers. After impregnation, the reaction between the LPU’s urethane group and the hydroxy group of ramie fiber increased thermal stability by an average of 6% and mechanical properties by an average of 100% compared to the untreated ramie fiber. The highest thermal stability and tensile strength were obtained at ramie impregnated with LPU-ethyl acetate for 30 min, with a residual weight of 22% and tensile strength of 648.7 MPa. This study showed that impregnation with LPU resins can enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of fibers and increase their wider industrial utilization in value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (A.H.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Sucia Okta Handika
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Rita Kartika Sari
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (A.H.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- JATI—Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (A.H.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (A.H.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Antonio Pizzi
- LERMAB-ENSTIB, University of Lorraine, 88000 Epinal, France;
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Agrawal R, Kumar A, Singh S, Sharma K. Recent advances and future perspectives of lignin biopolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Bilal M, Qamar SA, Qamar M, Yadav V, Taherzadeh MJ, Lam SS, Iqbal HMN. Bioprospecting lignin biomass into environmentally friendly polymers—Applied perspective to reconcile sustainable circular bioeconomy. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Ghosh A. Organosolv Lignin Improved Thermoplastic Elastomeric Behavior of Polyethylene/Polyisoprene Blend. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8483-8492. [PMID: 35309423 PMCID: PMC8928528 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers are considered the fastest-growing elastomers in recent years because of their thermomechanical recyclability, in contrast to traditional thermoset rubbers. Polyolefins such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) show low mechanical properties, particularly poor elongation when compared with an elastomer or rubber. In this study, LDPE resin is converted to highly ductile rubber-like materials with high elongation and low modulus properties on blending with polyisoprene rubber (IR), followed by treating with dicumyl peroxide as a curing agent and organosolv lignin as an additive. The technique of high shear melt-mixing, in conjunction with vulcanization or crosslinking using organic peroxide, is used to develop hybrid materials based on the LDPE/IR blend at a 70/30 mass ratio, where LDPE is replaced partly with lignin. Various characteristics such as tensile, viscoelasticity, melt flow, crystallinity, and phase morphology of the materials are analyzed. As expected, vulcanization with peroxide can improve the mechanical performance of the LDPE/IR blends, which is further improved with the application of lignin (2 to 5 wt. %), particularly tensile strain is profoundly increased. For example, the average values of the tensile strength, the modulus, and the ultimate elongation of neat LDPE resin are 7.8 MPa, 177 MPa, and 62%, respectively, and those of LDPE/IR/lignin/DCP 65/30/05/2 are 8.1 MPa, 95 MPa, and 238%, respectively. It indicates that the application of lignin/DCP has a profound effect on improving the ductility and elastomeric characteristics of the materials; thus, this material can have the potential to replace traditional rubber products.
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Yang G, Zhang Q. In-situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio-based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200018. [PMID: 35212435 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To improve the flame retardant performance of the plywood and reduce the reagent loss and moisture absorption of the flame retardant, the bio-based supramolecular flame retardant has been prepared by vacuum-pressure impregnation and high-temperature in-situ polymerization in plywood. The best value of bonding strength appears at 170 ℃, and the LOI of 170BF-B plywood is 42.3%. After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of 170BF-B veneer is only 18.51%, while the loss resistance rate achieves 83.45%. Its residue at 700 ℃ is 91.36% higher than that of poplar veneer. In the combustion process, the PHRR and HRR of 170BF-B plywood are only 10.69% and 37.11% of that of untreated plywood. After combustion, an intumescent flame retardant layer exhibits a graphitization trend. In the flame retardant layer, there are not only functional groups, such as P = O, PO4 3- , P-O-C decomposed by flame retardant but also characteristic functional groups of wood fiber, like C = O, C-H, etc. The prepolymer BF-B, which is composed of phytic acid, urea and, dicyandiamide polymerized with chitosan or lignocellulose to form a supramolecular flame retardant connected with P-O-C and P-O-N functional groups, thus improving the flame retardant and anti-loss property by in-situ polymerization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Li S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Qiu S, Chen J, Lu G, Jia Z, Zhu J, Yang Q, Chen J, Wei Y. Antimicrobial Lignin-Based Polyurethane/Ag Composite Foams for Improving Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1622-1632. [PMID: 35104104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial materials are an urgent need for modern wound care in the clinic. Although traditional polyurethane foams have proven to be clinically valuable for wound treatment, their petroleum-originated preparation and bioinert nature have restricted their efficacy in biomedical applications. Here, we propose a simple one-step foaming method to prepare lignin-based polyurethane foams (LPUFs) in which fully biobased polyether polyols partially replace traditional petroleum-based raw materials. The trace amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups (about 4 mmol) in liquefied lignin acts as a direct reducing agent and capping agent to silver ions (less than 0.3 mmol), in situ forming silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the LPUF skeleton. This newly proposed lignin polyurethane/Ag composite foam (named as Ag NP-LPUF) shows improved mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. It is worth mentioning that the Ag NP-LPUF exhibits more than 99% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli within 1 h and Staphylococcus aureus within 4 h. Evaluations in mice indicate that the antimicrobial composite foams can effectively promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defects. As a proof of concept, this antibacterial and biodegradable foam exhibits significant potential for clinical translation in wound care dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China.,Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shihui Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- Ningbo New Material Testing and Evaluation Center Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Antibacterial Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010213. [PMID: 35012234 PMCID: PMC8747247 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel physically crosslinked polyurethane (PUII), based on isophorone diisocyanates, was prepared by a conventional two-step method. The chemical structures of the PUII were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DSC. The PUII hydrogels were subjected to solvent-induced self-assembly in THF + water to construct a variety of morphologies. The self-assembly morphology of the PUII was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PUII films with different amounts (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) of 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TNO) were challenged with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gray mold. The results showed that when a small amount of antibacterial agent were added, the antibacterial effect of films on Botrytis cinerea was more obvious. The mechanical evaluation shows that the antimicrobial polyurethane films exhibit good mechanical properties.
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40
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41
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Effect of Kraft lignin and palm kernel oil as substitutes of petroleum-based polyols on the properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ag immobilized lignin-based PU coating: A promising candidate to promote the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial property of paper packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:690-697. [PMID: 34464638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A lignin-based PU coating was prepared for paper-based green packaging. Two representative diisocyanate were used to prepare the coatings. Due to the rigid aromatic, the physical properties of the TDI system reached the maximum below the lignin content of 40%. The HDI that contains flexible aliphatic chains alleviated the brittleness of coating, and it showed physical advantages when the lignin content was more than 50%. Owing to the high lignin content, the coating presented enhanced thermal stability. After coated with the lignin-based PU coatings, the dry tensile strength of coated paper was improved by 126%. Amazingly, the wet strength was increased from 0.31 to 12.6 MPa with an improvement nearly 40 times. Based on the coordination of lignin, Ag+ was introduced into the PU matrix, which imparted the coating with excellent antibacterial ability. The colony forming units of E. coli and S. aureus were both less than 1. However, no inhibition halo was observed, which indicated that the Ag was firmly anchored on the coating and the antibacterial ability is only available when the bacterial contact the coating surface. The lignin-based PU coating with favorable sustainability and properties shows great potential in paper-based green packaging fields.
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43
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Bio-based vitrimer-like polyurethane based on dynamic imine bond with high-strength, reprocessability, rapid-degradability and antibacterial ability. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Mengyuan P, He X, Zhang C. Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the advances of green chemistry and nanoscience, the synthesis of green, homogenous bio-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions with high performance have gained great attention. The presented chapter deals with the recent synthesis of waterborne polyurethane with the biomass, especially the vegetable oils including castor oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, jatropha oil, and palm oil, etc. Meanwhile, the other biomasses, such as cellulose, starch, lignin, chitosan, etc., have also been illustrated with the significant application in preparing polyurethane dispersions. The idea was to highlight the main vegetable oil-based polyols, and the isocyanate, diols as chain extenders, which have supplied a class of raw materials in WPU. The conversion of biomasses into active chemical agents, which can be used in synthesis of WPU, has been discussed in detail. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. It is suggested that the epoxide ring opening method is still the main route to transform vegetable oils to polyols. Furthermore, the nonisocyanate WPU may be one of the main trends for development of WPU using biomasses, especially the abundant vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Pu Mengyuan
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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