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Lyshchuk H, Chaudhary A, Luxford TFM, Ranković M, Kočišek J, Fedor J, McElwee-White L, Nag P. Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:797-807. [PMID: 38979527 PMCID: PMC11228821 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We probe the separation of ligands from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) or Fe(CO)4MA) induced by the interaction with free electrons. The motivation comes from the possible use of this molecule as a nanofabrication precursor and from the corresponding need to understand its elementary reactions fundamental to the electron-induced deposition. We utilize two complementary electron collision setups and support the interpretation of data by quantum chemical calculations. This way, both the dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment fragmentation channels are characterized. Considerable differences in the degree of precursor fragmentation in these two channels are observed. Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlib Lyshchuk
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Atul Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Thomas F M Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Ranković
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa McElwee-White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Pamir Nag
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang Y, Zhan S, Hu Y, Chen X, Yin S. Understanding the Formation and Growth of New Atmospheric Particles at the Molecular Level through Laboratory Molecular Beam Experiments. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400108. [PMID: 38497136 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), which exerts comprehensive implications for climate, air quality and human health, has received extensive attention. From molecule to cluster is the initial and most important stage of the nucleation process of atmospheric new particles. However, due to the complexity of the nucleation process and limitations of experimental characterization techniques, there is still a great uncertainty in understanding the nucleation mechanism at the molecular level. Laboratory-based molecular beam methods can experimentally implement the generation and growth of typical atmospheric gas-phase nucleation precursors to nanoscale clusters, characterize the key physical and chemical properties of clusters such as structure and composition, and obtain a series of their physicochemical parameters, including association rate coefficients, electron binding energy, pickup cross section and pickup probability and so on. These parameters can quantitatively illustrate the physicochemical properties of the cluster, and evaluate the effect of different gas phase nucleation precursors on the formation and growth of atmospheric new particles. We review the present literatures on atmospheric cluster formation and reaction employing the experimental method of laboratory molecular beam. The experimental apparatuses were classified and summarized from three aspects of cluster generation, growth and detection processes. Focus of this review is on the properties of nucleation clusters involving different precursor molecules of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and NxOy, respectively. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for effects of cluster physicochemical properties on nucleation, and reveal the formation and growth mechanism of atmospheric new particle at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
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3
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Li K, Ďurana J, Kocábková B, Pysanenko A, Yan Y, Ončák M, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Hydrated Formic Acid Clusters and their Interaction with Electrons. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400071. [PMID: 38372591 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We investigate ion formation in hydrated formic acid (FA) clusters upon collision with electrons of variable energy, focusing on electron ionization at 70 eV (EI) and low-energy (1.5-15 eV) electron attachment (EA). To uncover details about the composition of neutral clusters, we aim to elucidate the ion formation processes in FAM ⋅ WN clusters initiated by interaction with electrons and determine the extent of cluster fragmentation. EI predominantly produces protonated [FAm+H]+ ions, and in FA-rich clusters, the stable ring structures surrounding H3O+ ions are formed. In contrast, EA leads to a competition between the formation of intact [FAm ⋅ Wn]- and dissociated [FAm ⋅ Wn-H]- fragment ions, influenced by the cluster size, level of hydration, and electron energy. Our findings reveal a predisposition of low-energy EA towards forming [FAm ⋅ Wn]-, while higher electron energies tend to favor the formation of [FAm ⋅ Wn-H]- due to intracluster ion-molecule reactions. The comparison of positive and negative ion spectra suggests that the mass spectra of FA-rich clusters may indicate their actual size and composition. On the other hand, the more weakly bound water evaporation from the clusters depends strongly on the ionization. Thus, for the hydrated clusters, the neutral cluster size can hardly be estimated from the mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Li
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jozef Ďurana
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kocábková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrij Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yihui Yan
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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4
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Fárníková K, Pluhařová E, Pysanenko A, Fárník M, Yan Y, Lengyel J. Dynamics of collisions and uptake of alcohol molecules with hydrated nitric acid clusters. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38758164 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the collisions of different alcohol molecules with hydrated nitric acid clusters using a molecular beam experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. The uptake cross sections σp for the molecules evaluated from the experiment are in excellent agreement with the simulations. This suggests that (i) the nontrivial assumptions implemented in the evaluation procedure of the experimental data are valid, and (ii) the simulations describe correctly the major processes in the molecule-cluster collisions. We observe that σp decreases with the increasing alkyl chain length of the alcohol, and also with the branching of the molecules that have the same mass but different structures. These systematic trends can be rationalized based on the accessibility of the hydrophilic OH group, which decreases with the increasing chain length and steric hindrance. The observed trends and their interpretation differ significantly from the simple model of hard-sphere collisions. The obtained data shall be beneficial not only for the fundamental understanding of the molecule-cluster collisions, but also in the modelling of atmospheric new-particle formation and aerosol growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Fárníková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrij Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Yihui Yan
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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5
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Kocábková B, Ďurana J, Rakovský J, Pysanenko A, Fedor J, Ončák M, Fárník M. Electron-triggered processes in halogenated carboxylates: dissociation pathways in CF 3COCl and its clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5640-5648. [PMID: 38288589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetyl chloride, CF3COCl, is produced in the Earth's atmosphere by photooxidative degradation of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and represents a potential source of highly reactive halogen radicals. Despite considerable insight into photochemistry of CF3COCl, its reactivity towards electrons has not been addressed so far. We investigate the electron ionization and attachment in isolated CF3COCl molecules and (CF3COCl)N, max. N ≥ 10, clusters using a molecular beam experiment in combination with quantum chemical calculations. The ionization of the molecule at 70 eV electron energy leads to strong fragmentation: weakening of the C-C bond yields the CF3+ and COCl+ ions, while the fission of the C-Cl bond produces the major CF3CO+ fragment ion. The cluster spectra are dominated by Mn·COCl+ and Mn·CF3CO+ ions (M = CF3COCl). The electron attachment at energies between 1.5 and 11 eV also leads to the dissociation of the molecule breaking either the C-Cl bond at low energies below 3 eV yielding mainly Cl- ions, or dissociating the C-C bond at higher energies above 4 eV leading mainly to CF3- ions. In the clusters, the intact Mn- ions are stabilized after electron attachment at low energies with contribution of Mn·Cl- fragment ions. At higher energies, the Mn·Cl- fragments dominate the spectra, and C-C bond dissociation occurs as well yielding Mn·CF3-. Interestingly, Mn·Cl2- ions appear in the spectra at higher energies. We briefly discuss possible atmospheric implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kocábková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Ďurana
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Rakovský
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrij Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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6
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Khramchenkova A, Pysanenko A, Ďurana J, Kocábková B, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Does HNO 3 dissociate on gas-phase ice nanoparticles? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21154-21161. [PMID: 37458324 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dissociation of nitric acid on large water clusters (H2O)N, N̄ ≈ 30-500, i.e., ice nanoparticles with diameters of 1-3 nm, in a molecular beam. The (H2O)N clusters were doped with single HNO3 molecules in a pickup cell and probed by mass spectrometry after a low-energy (1.5-15 eV) electron attachment. The negative ion mass spectra provided direct evidence for HNO3 dissociation with the formation of NO3-⋯H3O+ ion pairs, but over half of the observed cluster ions originated from non-dissociated HNO3 molecules. This behavior is in contrast with the complete dissociation of nitric acid on amorphous ice surfaces above 100 K. Thus, the proton transfer is significantly suppressed on nanometer-sized particles compared to macroscopic ice surfaces. This can have considerable implications for heterogeneous processes on atmospheric ice particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Khramchenkova
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Ďurana
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Kocábková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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7
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Luxford TFM, Fedor J, Kočišek J. Electron Energy Loss Processes in Methyl Methacrylate: Excitation and Bond Breaking. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2731-2741. [PMID: 36930039 PMCID: PMC10068740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Details of electron-induced chemistry of methyl methacrylate (MMA) upon complexation are revealed by combining gas-phase 2D electron energy loss spectroscopy with electron attachment spectroscopy of isolated MMA and its clusters. We show that even though isolated MMA does not form stable parent anions, it efficiently thermalizes the incident electrons via intramolecular vibrational redistribution, leading to autodetachment of slow electrons. This autodetachment channel is reduced in clusters due to intermolecular energy transfer and stabilization of parent molecular anions. Bond breaking via dissociative electron attachment leads to an extensive range of anion products. The dominant OCH3- channel is accessible via core-excited resonances with threshold above 5 eV, despite the estimated thermodynamic threshold below 3 eV. This changes in clusters, where MnOCH3- anions are observed in a lower-lying resonance due to neutral dissociation of the 1(n, π*) state and electron self-scavenging. The present findings have implications for electron-induced chemistry in lithography with poly(methyl methacrylate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F M Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Fárník M. Bridging Gaps between Clusters in Molecular-Beam Experiments and Aerosol Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:287-294. [PMID: 36598955 PMCID: PMC9841566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clusters in molecular beam experiments can mimic aerosol nanoclusters and provide molecular-level details for various processes relevant to atmospheric aerosol research. Aerosol nanoclusters, particles of sizes below 10 nm, are difficult to investigate in ambient atmosphere and thus represent a gap in our understanding of the new particle formation process. Recent field measurements and laboratory experiments are closing this gap; however, experiments with clusters in molecular beams are rarely involved. Yet, they can offer an unprecedented detailed insight into the processes including particles in this size range. In this Perspective, we discuss several up-to-date molecular beam experiments with clusters and demonstrate that the investigated clusters approach aerosol nanoclusters in terms of their complexity and chemistry. We examine remaining gaps between atmospheric aerosols and clusters in molecular beams and speculate about future experiments bridging these gaps.
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9
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Qi Y, Fu P, Volmer DA. Analysis of natural organic matter via fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: an overview of recent non-petroleum applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:647-661. [PMID: 32412674 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the different techniques for mass analysis, ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) is the method of choice for highly complex samples, as it offers unrivaled mass accuracy and resolving power, combined with a high degree of flexibility in hybrid instruments as well as for ion activation techniques. FTICR instruments are readily embraced by the biological and biomedical research communities and applied over a wide range of applications for the analysis of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. In the field of natural organic matter (NOM) analysis, petroleum-related studies currently dominate FTICR-MS applications. Recently, however, there is a growing interest in developing high-performance MS methods for the characterization of NOM samples from natural aquatic and terrestrial environments. Here, we present an overview of FTICR-MS techniques for complex, non-petroleum NOM samples, including data analysis and novel tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods for structural classifications. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Roithová J, Bakker JM. Ion spectroscopy in methane activation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:513-528. [PMID: 34008884 PMCID: PMC9292810 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to ion spectroscopy studies of complexes relevant for the understanding of methane activation with metal ions and clusters. Methane activation starts with the formation of a complex with a metal ion. The degree of the interaction between an intact methane molecule and the ion can be monitored by the perturbations of C-H stretch vibrations in the methane molecule. Binding mediated by the electrostatic interaction results in a η3 type coordination of methane. In contrast, binding governed by orbital interactions results in a η2 type coordination of methane. We further review the spectroscopic characterization of activation products of metal-methane reactions, such as the metal-carbene and carbyne products resulting from the interaction of selected 5d metals with methane. The focus of recent research in the field has shifted towards the investigation of interactions between methane and metal clusters. We show examples highlighting that metal clusters can be more reactive in methane activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
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11
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Vinklárek IS, Pysanenko A, Pluhařová E, Fárník M. Uptake of Hydrogen Bonding Molecules by Benzene Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3781-3788. [PMID: 35446589 PMCID: PMC9082588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of molecules on nanometer-size clusters of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is important for the condensation of water on PAH aerosols in the atmosphere and for ice mantle growth on nanoparticles in the interstellar medium. We generate benzene clusters BzN of mean size N̅ ≈ 300 (radius R̅ ≈ 2.2 Å) as a model system for the PAH nanoparticles. Using molecular beams and mass spectrometry detection, we investigate the uptake of water, methanol, and ethanol by these clusters. All picked up molecules are highly mobile on BzN and generate clusters within <3 ms. The relative uptakes for the different investigated molecules can be directly compared and quantified. Water molecules exhibit the lowest relative pickup probability that is ∼30% lower than those for methanol and ethanol, which are approximately the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S. Vinklárek
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- Department
of Computational Chemistry, J. Heyrovský
Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- . Phone: +420 2 6605 3206. Fax: +420 2 6605 3910
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12
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Pysanenko A, Huss T, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Effect of Hydration on Electron Attachment to Methanesulfonic Acid Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1542-1550. [PMID: 35230848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational study of the electron-induced chemistry of methanesulfonic acid (MSA, MeSO3H) in clusters. We combine the mass spectra after the 70 eV electron ionization with the negative ion spectra after electron attachment (EA) at low electron energies of 0-15 eV of the MSA molecule, small MSA clusters, and microhydrated MSA clusters to reveal the solvation effects. The MSA/He coexpansion only generates small MSA clusters with up to four molecules, but adding water substantially hydrates the MSA clusters, resulting in clusters composed of 1-2 MSA molecules accompanied by quite a few water molecules. The clustering strongly suppresses the fragmentation of the MSA molecules upon both the positive ionization and EA. The electron-energy-dependent ion yield for different negative ions is measured. For the MSA molecule and pure MSA clusters, EA leads to an H-abstraction yielding MeSO3-. It proceeds efficiently at low electron energies below 2 eV with a shoulder at 3-4 eV and a broad, almost 2 orders of magnitude weaker, peak around 8 eV. The hydrated (H2O)nMeSO3- ions with n ≤ 3 exhibit only a broad peak around 7 eV similar to EA of pure water clusters. Thus, for the small clusters, the electron attachment and hydrogen abstraction from water occur. On the other hand, the larger clusters with n > 4 display a peak below 2 eV, which quickly dominates the spectrum with increasing n. This peak is related to the formation of the H3O+·MeSO3- ion pair upon hydration and subsequent dipole-supported electron attachment followed by the hydronium neutralization and H3O• radical dissociation. The size-resolved experimental data indicate that the ionic dissociation of MSA starts to occur in the neutral MeSO3H(H2O)N clusters with about four water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tabea Huss
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Poštulka J, Slavíček P, Pysanenko A, Poterya V, Fárník M. Bimolecular reactions on sticky and slippery clusters: Electron-induced reactions of hydrogen peroxide. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Poštulka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriya Poterya
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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14
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Poterya V, Pysanenko A, Pluhařová E, Votava O, Fárník M. Heterogeneous Reactions of Methane with Cl Radicals on Large Ar N Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:249-258. [PMID: 34995071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous chemistry on the surfaces of atmospheric particles has a wide impact on the properties and composition of the Earth's atmosphere. In laboratory studies, clusters can represent proxies to atmospheric aerosols and help to discern the individual steps in reactions on or in aerosols. We investigate the reactivity of Cl and CCl3 radicals with methane on argon clusters using the pickup method. For radical generation, we built a new pyrolysis source partially adapting the design of radical sources that utilize the supersonic expansion into a heated silicon carbide tube. Large ArN, N̅ ≈ 110, clusters were generated in a supersonic expansion, and CH4 molecules were embedded in the clusters via a pickup process followed by the uptake of the radicals produced in the pyrolysis source. The analysis of the mass spectra recorded under different experimental conditions (i.e., with the pyrolysis ON and OFF and with only one or both reactants) allowed us to identify various products of the radical reactions on ArN. We propose a sequence of reactions based on the reaction energetics. It starts with the hydrogen abstraction from CH4 by a Cl radical resulting in HCl and CH3 followed by a halogenation step where CCl4 molecules react with the available CH3 radicals, yielding CH3Cl. By analogy, the CH3Cl enters another hydrogen abstraction by Cl, producing HCl and the CH2Cl radical, which again undergoes a halogenation step with CCl4, generating CH2Cl2. Further reaction of CH2Cl2 with Cl terminates the sequence by the production of HCl and CHCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Poterya
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Votava
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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15
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Di Palma TM, Gaele MF, Bende A. Photoionization, Structures and Energetics of Na-doped Formic Acid-Water Clusters. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100861. [PMID: 35015331 PMCID: PMC9303463 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The influence of formic acid on water cluster aggregation has been investigated experimentally by mass spectrometry and tunable UV laser ionization applied to Na-doped clusters formed in the supersonic expansion of water vapors seeded with formic acid (FA) as well as theoretically using high level quantum chemistry methods. The mass spectra of Na-FA(H 2 O) n clusters show an enlarging of mass distribution toward heavier clusters with respect the Na-(H 2 O) n clusters, suggesting similar mass distribution in neutral clusters and an influence of formic acid in water aggregation. DFT and coupled-cluster type (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) calculations have been used to calculate structures and energetics of neutral and ionized Na-FA(H 2 O) n as well as neutral FA(H 2 O) n . Na-doped clusters are characterized by very stable geometries. The theoretical adiabatic ionization potential values match pretty well the measured appearance energies and the calculated first six electronic excited states show Rydberg-type characters, indicating possible autoionization contributions in the mass spectra. Finally, theoretical calculation on neutral FA(H 2 O) n clusters show the possibility of a similarly stable structures in small clusters containing up to n=4-5 water molecules, where FA interacts significantly with waters.This suggests that FA can compete with water molecules in the starting stage of the aggregation process, by forming stable nucleation seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia M Di Palma
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, CNR, Viale Marconi 4, 80125, Naples, ITALY
| | - Maria F Gaele
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ITALY
| | - Attila Bende
- Nationa Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecolar Technologies, Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, REUNION
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16
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Sala L, Sedmidubská B, Vinklárek I, Fárník M, Schürmann R, Bald I, Med J, Slavíček P, Kočišek J. Electron attachment to microhydrated 4-nitro- and 4-bromo-thiophenol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18173-18181. [PMID: 34612280 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of microhydration on electron attachment to thiophenols with halogen (Br) and nitro (NO2) functional groups in the para position. We focus on the formation of anions upon the attachment of low-energy electrons with energies below 8 eV to heterogeneous clusters of the thiophenols with water. For nitro-thiophenol (NTP), the primary reaction channel observed is the associative electron attachment, irrespective of the microhydration. On the other hand, bromothiophenol (BTP) fragments significantly upon the electron attachment, producing Br- and (BTP-H)- anions. Microhydration suppresses fragmentation of both molecules, however in bromothiophenol, the Br- channel remains intense and Br(H2O)n- hydrated fragment clusters are observed. The results are supported by the reaction energetics obtained from ab initio calculations. Different dissociation dynamics of NTP and BTP can be related to different products of their plasmon induced reactions on Au nanoparticles. Computational modeling of the simplified BTP(H2O) system indicates that the electron attachment products reflect the structure of neutral precursor clusters - the anion dissociation dynamics is controlled by the hydration site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sala
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Sedmidubská B, Luxford TFM, Kočišek J. Electron attachment to isolated and microhydrated favipiravir. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21501-21511. [PMID: 34382983 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02686k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron attachment and its equivalent in complex environments, single-electron reduction, are important in many biological processes. Here, we experimentally study the electron attachment to favipiravir, a well-known antiviral agent. Electron attachment spectroscopy is used to explore the energetics of associative (AEA) and dissociative (DEA) electron attachment to isolated favipiravir. AEA dominates the interaction and the yields of the fragment anions after DEA are an order of magnitude lower than that of the parent anion. DEA primary proceeds via decomposition of the CONH2 functional group, which is supported by reaction threshold calculations using ab initio methods. Mass spectrometry of small favipiravir-water clusters demonstrates that a lot of energy is transferred to the solvent upon electron attachment. The energy gained upon electron attachment, and the high stability of the parent anion were previously suggested as important properties for the action of several electron-affinic radiosensitizers. If any of these mechanisms cause synergism in chemo-radiation therapy, favipiravir could be repurposed as a radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sedmidubská
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic. and Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas F M Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Pelimanni E, Hautala L, Hans A, Kivimäki A, Kook M, Küstner-Wetekam C, Marder L, Patanen M, Huttula M. Core and Valence Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nanosolvated KCl. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4750-4759. [PMID: 34034483 PMCID: PMC8279652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The solvation of alkali and halide ions in the aqueous environment has been a subject of intense experimental and theoretical research with multidisciplinary interests; yet, a comprehensive molecular-level understanding has still not been obtained. In recent years, electron spectroscopy has been increasingly applied to study the electronic and structural properties of aqueous ions with implications, especially in atmospheric chemistry. In this work, we report core and valence level (Cl 2p, Cl 3p, and K 3p) photoelectron spectra of the common alkali halide, KCl, doped in gas-phase water clusters in the size range of a few hundred water molecules. The results indicate that the electronic structure of these nanosolutions shows a distinct character from that observed at the liquid-vapor interface in liquid microjets and ambient pressure setups. Insights are provided into the unique solvation properties of ions in a nanoaqueous environment, emerging properties of bulk electrolyte solutions with growing cluster size, and sensitivity of the electronic structure to varying solvation configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Pelimanni
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Hautala
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andreas Hans
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Antti Kivimäki
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mati Kook
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Catmarna Küstner-Wetekam
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Lutz Marder
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Minna Patanen
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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19
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Becker D, Dierking CW, Suchan J, Zurheide F, Lengyel J, Fárník M, Slavíček P, Buck U, Zeuch T. Temperature evolution in IR action spectroscopy experiments with sodium doped water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7682-7695. [PMID: 33496289 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of supersonic expansions with IR action spectroscopy techniques is the basis of many successful approaches to study cluster structure and dynamics. The effects of temperature and temperature evolution are important with regard to both the cluster synthesis and the cluster dynamics upon IR excitation. In the past the combination of the sodium doping technique with IR excitation enhanced near threshold photoionization has been successfully applied to study neutral, especially water clusters. In this work we follow an overall examination approach for inspecting the interplay of cluster temperature and cluster structure in the initial cooling process and in the IR excitation induced heating of the clusters. In molecular simulations, we study the temperature dependent photoionization spectra of the sodium doped clusters and the evaporative cooling process by water molecule ejection at the cluster surface. We present a comprehensive analysis that provides constraints for the temperature evolution from the nozzle to cluster detection in the mass spectrometer. We attribute the IR action effect to the strong temperature dependence of sodium solvation in the IR excited clusters and we discuss the effects of geometry changes during the IR multi-photon absorption process with regard to application prospects of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Becker
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Diveky ME, Gleichweit MJ, Roy S, Signorell R. Shining New Light on the Kinetics of Water Uptake by Organic Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3528-3548. [PMID: 33739837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of water vapor by various organic aerosols is important in a number of applications ranging from medical delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to cloud formation in the atmosphere. The coefficient that describes the probability that the impinging gas-phase molecule sticks to the surface of interest is called the mass accommodation coefficient, αM. Despite the importance of this coefficient for the description of water uptake kinetics, accurate values are still lacking for many systems. In this Feature Article, we present various experimental techniques that have been evoked in the literature to study the interfacial transport of water and discuss the corresponding strengths and limitations. This includes our recently developed technique called photothermal single-particle spectroscopy (PSPS). The PSPS technique allows for a retrieval of αM values from three independent, yet simultaneous measurements operating close to equilibrium, providing a robust assessment of interfacial mass transport. We review the currently available data for αM for water on various organics and discuss the few studies that address the temperature and relative humidity dependence of αM for water on organics. The knowledge of the latter, for example, is crucial to assess the water uptake kinetics of organic aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere. Finally, we argue that PSPS might also be a viable method to better restrict the αM value for water on liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus E Diveky
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Gleichweit
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Roy
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Lengyel J, Pysanenko A, Swiderek P, Heiz U, Fárník M, Fedor J. Water-Assisted Electron-Induced Chemistry of the Nanofabrication Precursor Iron Pentacarbonyl. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1919-1926. [PMID: 33651608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Focused electron beam deposition often requires the use of purification techniques to increase the metal content of the respective deposit. One of the promising methods is adding H2O vapor as a reactive agent during the electron irradiation. However, various contrary effects of such addition have been reported depending on the experimental condition. We probe the elementary electron-induced processes that are operative in a heterogeneous system consisting of iron pentacarbonyl as an organometallic precursor and water. We use an electron beam of controlled energy that interacts with free mixed Fe(CO)5/H2O clusters. These mimic the heterogeneous system and, at the same time, allow direct mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction products. The anionic decomposition pathways are initiated by dissociative electron attachment (DEA), either to Fe(CO)5 or to H2O. The former one proceeds mainly at low electron energies (<3 eV). Comparison of nonhydrated and hydrated conditions reveals that the presence of water actually stabilizes the ligands against dissociation. The latter one proceeds at higher electron energies (>6 eV), where the DEA to H2O forms OH- in the first reaction step. This intermediate reacts with Fe(CO)5, leading to enhanced decomposition, with the desorption of up to three CO ligands. The present results demonstrate that the water action on Fe(CO)5 decomposition is sensitive to the involved electron energy range and depends on the hydration degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Swiderek
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Faculty 2 (Chemistry/Biology), University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Pysanenko A, Grygoryeva K, Kočišek J, Kumar T P R, Fedor J, Ončák M, Fárník M. Stability of pyruvic acid clusters upon slow electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4317-4325. [PMID: 33587076 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvic acid represents a key molecule in prebiotic chemistry and it has recently been proposed to be synthesized on interstellar ices. In order to probe the stability of pyruvic acid in the interstellar medium with respect to decomposition by slow electrons, we investigate the electron attachment to its homomolecular and heteromolecular clusters. Using mass spectrometry, we follow the changes in the fragmentation pattern and its dependence on the electron energy for various cluster sizes of pure and microhydrated pyruvic acid. The assignment of fragmentation reaction pathways is supported by ab initio calculations. The fragmentation degree dramatically decreases upon clustering. This decrease is even stronger in the heteromolecular clusters of pyruvic acid with water, where the non-dissociative attachment is by far the strongest channel. In the homomolecular clusters, the dissociative channel leading to dehydrogenation is active over a larger electron energy range than in the isolated molecules. To probe the role of the self-scavenging effects, we explore the excited states of pyruvic acid. This has been done both experimentally, by using electron energy loss spectroscopy, and theoretically, by photochemical calculations. Data on both optically-allowed and forbidden states allow for the explanation of processes emerging upon clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateryna Grygoryeva
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ragesh Kumar T P
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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23
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Fárník M, Fedor J, Kočišek J, Lengyel J, Pluhařová E, Poterya V, Pysanenko A. Pickup and reactions of molecules on clusters relevant for atmospheric and interstellar processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3195-3213. [PMID: 33524089 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective, we review experiments with molecules picked up on large clusters in molecular beams with the focus on the processes in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry. First, we concentrate on the pickup itself, and we discuss the pickup cross sections. We measure the uptake of different atmospheric molecules on mixed nitric acid-water clusters and determine the accommodation coefficients relevant for aerosol formation in the Earth's atmosphere. Then the coagulation of the adsorbed molecules on the clusters is investigated. In the second part of this perspective, we review examples of different processes triggered by UV-photons or electrons in the clusters with embedded molecules. We start with the photodissociation of hydrogen halides and Freon CF2Cl2 on ice nanoparticles in connection with the polar stratospheric ozone depletion. Next, we mention reactions following the excitation and ionization of the molecules adsorbed on clusters. The first ionization-triggered reaction observed between two different molecules picked up on the cluster was the proton transfer between methanol and formic acid deposited on large argon clusters. Finally, negative ion reactions after slow electron attachment are illustrated by two examples: mixed nitric acid-water clusters, and hydrogen peroxide deposited on large ArN and (H2O)N clusters. The selected examples are discussed from the perspective of the atmospheric and interstellar chemistry, and several future directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Li C, Krohn J, Lippe M, Signorell R. How volatile components catalyze vapor nucleation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9954. [PMID: 33523884 PMCID: PMC7806218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase nucleation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in planetary atmospheres and technical processes, yet our understanding of it is far from complete. In particular, the enhancement of nucleation by the addition of a more volatile, weakly interacting gaseous species to a nucleating vapor has escaped molecular-level experimental investigation. Here, we use a specially designed experiment to directly measure the chemical composition and the concentration of nucleating clusters in various binary CO2-containing vapors. Our analysis suggests that CO2 essentially catalyzes nucleation of the low vapor pressure component through the formation of transient, hetero-molecular clusters and thus provides alternative pathways for nucleation to proceed more efficiently. This work opens up new avenues for the quantitative assessment of nucleation mechanisms involving transient species in multicomponent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krohn
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Lippe
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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25
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Liang J, Kresin VV. Kinetic energy deposited into a nanodroplet, cluster, or molecule in a sticking collision with background gas. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:196101. [PMID: 33218223 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In processes when particles such as nanodroplets, clusters, or molecules move through a dilute background gas and undergo capture collisions, it is often important to know how much translational kinetic energy is deposited into the particles by these pick-up events. For sticking collisions with a Maxwell-Boltzmann gas, an exact expression is derived, which is valid for arbitrary relative magnitudes of the particle and thermal gas speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
| | - Vitaly V Kresin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
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26
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Delcorte A, Delmez V, Dupont-Gillain C, Lauzin C, Jefford H, Chundak M, Poleunis C, Moshkunov K. Large cluster ions: soft local probes and tools for organic and bio surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17427-17447. [PMID: 32568320 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionised cluster beams have been produced and employed for thin film deposition and surface processing for half a century. In the last two decades, kiloelectronvolt cluster ions have also proved to be outstanding for surface characterisation by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), because their sputter and ion yields are enhanced in a non-linear fashion with respect to monoatomic projectiles, with a resulting step change of sensitivity for analysis and imaging. In particular, large gas cluster ion beams, or GCIB, have now become a reference in organic surface and thin film analysis using SIMS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reason is that they induce soft molecular desorption and offer the opportunity to conduct damageless depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging of the most sensitive organic electronics and biological samples, with a nanoscale depth resolution. In line with these recent developments, the present review focuses on rather weakly-bound, light-element cluster ions, such as noble or other gas clusters, and water or alcohol nanodroplets (excluding clusters made of metals, inorganic salts or ionic liquids) and their interaction with surfaces (essentially, but not exclusively, organic). The scope of this article encompasses three aspects. The first one is the fundamentals of large cluster impacts with surfaces, using the wealth of information provided by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental observations. The second focus is on recent applications of large cluster ion beams in surface characterisation, including mass spectrometric analysis and 2D localisation of large molecules, molecular depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging. Finally, the perspective explores cutting edge developments, involving (i) new types of clusters with a chemistry designed to enhance performance for mass spectrometry imaging, (ii) the use of cluster fragment ion backscattering to locally retrieve physical surface properties and (iii) the fabrication of new biosurface and thin film architectures, where large cluster ion beams are used as tools to transfer biomolecules in vacuo from a target reservoir to any collector substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delcorte
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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27
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Pysanenko A, Pluhařová E, Vinklárek IS, Rakovský J, Poterya V, Kočišek J, Fárník M. Ion and radical chemistry in (H 2O 2) N clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15312-15320. [PMID: 32627769 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the ionization induced chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in (H2O2)N clusters generated after the pickup of individual H2O2 molecules on large free ArM, M[combining macron]≈ 160, nanoparticles in molecular beams. Positive and negative ion mass spectra are recorded after an electron ionization of the clusters at energies 5-70 eV and after a slow electron attachment (below 4 eV), respectively. The spectra demonstrate that (H2O2)N clusters with N≥ 20 are formed on argon nanoparticles. This is the first experimental report on hydrogen peroxide clusters in molecular beams. The major negative cluster ion series (H2O2)nO2- indicates O2- ion formation. The dissociative electron attachment to H2O2 molecules in the gas phase yielded only OH- and O- (Nandi et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 373, 454). These ions and the series containing them are much less abundant in the clusters. We propose a sequence of ion-molecule and radical reactions to explain the formation of O2-, HO2- and other ions observed in the negatively charged cluster ion series. Since hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in many areas of chemistry from the Earth's atmosphere to biological tissues, our study opens new horizons for experimental investigations of hydrogen peroxide chemistry in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lengyel J, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Chemistry of NO x and HNO 3 Molecules with Gas-Phase Hydrated O .- and OH - Ions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7861-7868. [PMID: 32250483 PMCID: PMC7384111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gas‐phase reactions of O.−(H2O)n and OH−(H2O)n, n=20–38, with nitrogen‐containing atmospherically relevant molecules, namely NOx and HNO3, are studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry and theoretically with the use of DFT calculations. Hydrated O.− anions oxidize NO. and NO2. to NO2− and NO3− through a strongly exothermic reaction with enthalpy of −263±47 kJ mol−1 and −286±42 kJ mol−1, indicating a covalent bond formation. Comparison of the rate coefficients with collision models shows that the reactions are kinetically slow with 3.3 and 6.5 % collision efficiency. Reactions between hydrated OH− anions and nitric oxides were not observed in the present experiment and are most likely thermodynamically hindered. In contrast, both hydrated anions are reactive toward HNO3 through proton transfer from nitric acid, yielding hydrated NO3−. Although HNO3 is efficiently picked‐up by the water clusters, forming (HNO3)0–2(H2O)mNO3− clusters, the overall kinetics of nitrate formation are slow and correspond to an efficiency below 10 %. Combination of the measured reaction thermochemistry with literature values in thermochemical cycles yields ΔHf(O−(aq.))=48±42 kJ mol−1 and ΔHf(NO2−(aq.))=−125±63 kJ mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Pysanenko A, Gámez F, Fárník M, Chalabala J, Slavíček P. Photochemistry of Amylene Double Bond in Clusters on Free Argon Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3038-3047. [PMID: 32240587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated reactivity of double bond in 2-methyl-2-butene (also trimethylethylene or amylene) in the excited and ionized states. In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we focused on both the intermolecular and intramolecular reactions. In a molecular beam experiment, we have sequentially picked up several amylene molecules on the surface of argon nanoparticles ArM, M̅ ≈ 90, acting as a cold support. Ionization with 70 eV electrons yields mass spectra strongly dominated by amylene cluster ions Am(Am)n+. Interestingly, upon multiphoton ionization with 193 nm (6.4 eV) photons, a new strong fragment series appears in the spectra, nominally corresponding to an addition of two carbon atoms, i.e., (Am)nC2+. This difference between electron and photoionization suggests a reaction in an excited state of amylene with a neighboring amylene molecule. We used techniques of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to study the reactivity of amylene molecules both in the excited and in ionized states. Possible reaction pathways are proposed, substantiating the observed differences between the electron ionization and photoionization mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Gámez
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Chalabala
- University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Lengyel J, Pysanenko A, Fárníková K, Pluhařová E, Fárník M. Oxidation Enhances Aerosol Nucleation: Measurement of Kinetic Pickup Probability of Organic Molecules on Hydrated Acid Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2101-2105. [PMID: 32101439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the uptake of the most prominent biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-isoprene, α-pinene, and their selected oxidation products-by hydrated acid clusters in a molecular beam experiment and by DFT calculations. Our experiments provide a unique and direct way of determination of the surface accommodation coefficient (αS) on the proxies of ultrafine aerosol particles. Since we are able to determine unambiguously the fraction of the clusters to which the molecules stick upon collisions, our αS is a purely kinetic parameter disentangling the molecule pickup from its evaporation. Oxidation increases the αS of VOCs by more than an order of magnitude, because oxidized compounds form hydrogen bonds with the clusters, whereas the interactions of the parent VOCs are weaker and nonspecific. This work provides molecular-level insight into the condensation of single molecules into atmospheric particles, which has important implications for aerosol nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Fárníková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Ahmed M, Kostko O. From atoms to aerosols: probing clusters and nanoparticles with synchrotron based mass spectrometry and X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2713-2737. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation provides insight into spectroscopy and dynamics in clusters and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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32
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Ončák M, Meißner R, Arthur-Baidoo E, Denifl S, Luxford TFM, Pysanenko A, Fárník M, Pinkas J, Kočišek J. Ring Formation and Hydration Effects in Electron Attachment to Misonidazole. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4383. [PMID: 31489947 PMCID: PMC6770096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the reactivity of misonidazole with low-energy electrons in a water environment combining experiment and theoretical modelling. The environment is modelled by sequential hydration of misonidazole clusters in vacuum. The well-defined experimental conditions enable computational modeling of the observed reactions. While the NO 2 - dissociative electron attachment channel is suppressed, as also observed previously for other molecules, the OH - channel remains open. Such behavior is enabled by the high hydration energy of OH - and ring formation in the neutral radical co-fragment. These observations help to understand the mechanism of bio-reductive drug action. Electron-induced formation of covalent bonds is then important not only for biological processes but may find applications also in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Rebecca Meißner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Eugene Arthur-Baidoo
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Thomas F M Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pinkas
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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33
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Pysanenko A, Gámez F, Fárníková K, Pluhařová E, Fárník M. Proton Transfer Reactions between Methanol and Formic Acid Deposited on Free ArN Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7201-7209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Gámez
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Fárníková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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Lippe M, Szczepaniak U, Hou GL, Chakrabarty S, Ferreiro JJ, Chasovskikh E, Signorell R. Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of CO2 Clusters during Nucleation and Growth. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2426-2437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lippe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Szczepaniak
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Satrajit Chakrabarty
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge J. Ferreiro
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Egor Chasovskikh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Fujihara A, Shimada A. Gas-phase N2 adsorption on mass-selected hydrogen-bonded cluster ions. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Gámez F, Pysanenko A, Fárník M, Ončák M. Ionization of carboxylic acid clusters in the gas phase and on free ArN and (H2O)N nanoparticles: valeric acid as a model for small carboxylic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19201-19208. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In ionized valeric acid clusters, not only the expected proton transfer reaction, but also anhydride formation is observed. Could this be a common motif in the ionization chemistry of small carboxylic acid clusters?
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gámez
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences
- Dolejškova 2155/3
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences
- Dolejškova 2155/3
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences
- Dolejškova 2155/3
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
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37
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Grygoryeva K, Ončák M, Pysanenko A, Fárník M. Pyruvic acid proton and hydrogen transfer reactions in clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8221-8227. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate ion chemistry in pyruvic acid (PA) clusters in a molecular beam experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Grygoryeva
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
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38
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Lengyel J, Fedor J, Fárník M. Dissociative electron attachment to HNO3 and its hydrates: energy-selective electron-induced chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8691-8697. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of mixed nitric acid–water clusters triggered by electron attachment depends on clustering and the electron energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie
- Fakultät für Chemie und Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung
- Technische Universität München
- Lichtenbergstraße 4
- 85748 Garching
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences
- Dolejškova 2155/3
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences
- Dolejškova 2155/3
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
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Nguyen DT, Fujihara A. Chiral Recognition in Cold Gas-Phase Cluster Ions of Carbohydrates and Tryptophan Probed by Photodissociation. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2018; 48:395-406. [PMID: 30953250 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-019-09574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral recognition between tryptophan (Trp) and carbohydrates such as D-glucose (D-Glc), methyl-α-D-glucoside (D-glucoside), D-maltose, and D-cellobiose in cold gas-phase cluster ions was investigated as a model for chemical evolution in interstellar molecular clouds using a tandem mass spectrometer containing a cold ion trap. The photodissociation mass spectra of cold gas-phase clusters that contained Na+, Trp enantiomers, and D-maltose showed that Na+(D-Glc) was formed via the glycosidic bond cleavage of D-maltose from photoexcited homochiral Na+(D-Trp)(D-maltose), while the dissociation did not occur in heterochiral Na+(L-Trp)(D-maltose). The enantiomer-selective dissociation was also observed in the case of D-cellobiose. The enantiomer-selective glycosidic bond cleavage of disaccharides suggested that photoexcited D-Trp could prevent chemical evolution of sugar chains from D-enantiomer of carbohydrates in molecular clouds. The spectra of gas-phase clusters that contained Na+, Trp enantiomers, and D-Glc indicated that enantiomer-selective protonation of L-Trp from D-Glc could induce enantiomeric excess via collision-activated dissociation of the protonated L-Trp. In the case of protonated clusters, photoexcited H+(L-Trp) dissociated via Cα-Cβ bond cleavage in the presence of D-Glc or D-glucoside, where the excited states of H+(L-Trp) contributed to the enantiomer-selective reaction in the clusters. These enantiomer selectivities in cold gas-phase clusters indicated that chirality of a molecule induced enantiomeric excess of other molecules via enantiomer-selective reactions in molecular clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Thuc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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40
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Fárník M, Pysanenko A, Moriová K, Ballauf L, Scheier P, Chalabala J, Slavíček P. Ionization of Ammonia Nanoices with Adsorbed Methanol Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8458-8468. [PMID: 30296830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large ammonia clusters represent a model system of ices that are omnipresent throughout the space. The interaction of ammonia ices with other hydrogen-boding molecules such as methanol or water and their behavior upon an ionization are thus relevant in the astrochemical context. In this study, ammonia clusters (NH3) N with the mean size N̅ ≈ 230 were prepared in molecular beams and passed through a pickup cell in which methanol molecules were adsorbed. At the highest exploited pickup pressures, the average composition of (NH3) N(CH3OH) M clusters was estimated to be N: M ≈ 210:10. On the other hand, the electron ionization of these clusters yielded about 75% of methanol-containing fragments (NH3) n(CH3OH) mH+ compared to 25% contribution of pure ammonia (NH3) nH+ ions. On the basis of this substantial disproportion, we propose the following ionization mechanism: The prevailing ammonia is ionized in most cases, resulting in NH4+ core solvated most likely with four ammonia molecules, yielding the well-known "magic number" structure (NH3)4NH4+. The methanol molecules exhibit a strong propensity for sticking to the fragment ion. We have also considered mechanisms of intracluster reactions. In most cases, proton transfer between ammonia units take place. The theoretical calculations suggested the proton transfer either from the methyl group or from the hydroxyl group of the ionized methanol molecule to ammonia to be the energetically open channels. However, the experiments with selectively deuterated methanols did not show any evidence for the D+ transfer from the CD3 group. The proton transfer from the hydroxyl group could not be excluded entirely or confirmed unambiguously by the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Moriová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenz Ballauf
- Institut fur Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universitat Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut fur Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universitat Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Chalabala
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Pysanenko A, Lengyel J, Fárník M. Uptake of methanol on mixed HNO 3/H 2O clusters: An absolute pickup cross section. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154301. [PMID: 29679959 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of atmospheric oxidized organics on acid clusters is relevant for atmospheric new particle formation. We investigate the pickup of methanol (CH3OH) on mixed nitric acid-water clusters (HNO3)M(H2O)N by a combination of mass spectrometry and cluster velocity measurements in a molecular beam. The mass spectra of the mixed clusters exhibit (HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ series with m = 0-3 and n = 0-12. In addition, CH3OH·(HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ series with very similar patterns appear in the spectra after the methanol pickup. The velocity measurements prove that the undoped (HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ mass peaks in the pickup spectra originate from the neutral (HNO3)M(H2O)N clusters which have not picked up any CH3OH molecule, i.e., methanol has not evaporated upon the ionization. Thus the fraction of the doped clusters can be determined and the mean pickup cross section can be estimated, yielding σs¯≈ 20 Å2. This is compared to the lower estimate of the mean geometrical cross section σg¯≈ 60 Å2 obtained from the theoretical cluster geometries. Thus the "size" of the cluster corresponding to the methanol pickup is at least 3-times smaller than its geometrical size. We have introduced a method which can yield the absolute pickup cross sections relevant to the generation and growth of atmospheric aerosols, as illustrated in the example of methanol and nitric acid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lengyel
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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