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Riahi A, Mabudi H, Tajbakhsh E, Roomiani L, Momtaz H. Optimizing chitosan derived from Metapenaeus affinis: a novel anti-biofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AMB Express 2024; 14:77. [PMID: 38949677 PMCID: PMC11217230 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a commonly found Gram-negative bacterium in healthcare facilities and is renowned for its ability to form biofilms and its virulence factors that are controlled by quorum sensing (QS) systems. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of this bacterium poses a significant challenge in the field of medicine. Consequently, the exploration of novel antimicrobial agents has become a top priority. This research aims to optimize chitosan derived from white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) computational approach. The objective is to investigate chitosan's potential as a solution for inhibiting QS activity and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa ATCC 10,145. Under optimized conditions, chitin was treated with NaOH (1.41 M) for 15.75 h, HCl (7.49% vol) for 2.01 h, and at a deacetylation temperature of 81.15 °C. The resulting chitosan exhibited a degree of deacetylation (DD%) exceeding 93.98%, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis, indicating its high purity. The extracted chitosan demonstrated a significant synergistic antibiotic effect against P. aeruginosa when combined with ceftazidime, enhancing its bactericidal activity by up to 15-fold. In addition, sub-MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) concentrations of extracted chitosan (10 and 100 µg/mL) successfully reduced the production of pyocyanin and rhamnolipid, as well as the swimming motility, protease activity and biofilm formation ability in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, chitosan treatment downregulated the RhlR and LasR genes in P. aeruginosa when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The optimized chitosan extract shows significant potential as a coating agent for surgical equipment, effectively preventing nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anali Riahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hadideh Mabudi
- Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Golestan highway, Farhang Shahr, Ahvaz Branch, PO Box 1915, 61349-37333, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Laleh Roomiani
- Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Golestan highway, Farhang Shahr, Ahvaz Branch, PO Box 1915, 61349-37333, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hasan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Li Z, He Q, Xu F, Yin X, Guan Z, Song J, He Z, Yang X, Situ C. Exploring the Antibacterial Potential and Underlying Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris L. on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Foods 2024; 13:660. [PMID: 38472772 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a widely distributed plant species, known for its versatile applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine, as well as in functional food development. Despite its broad-spectrum antimicrobial utility, the specific mechanism of antibacterial action remains elusive. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study investigated the antibacterial properties of PV extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and assessed their mechanistic impact on bacterial cells and cellular functions. The aqueous extract of PV demonstrated greater anti-MRSA activity compared to the ethanolic and methanolic extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS tentatively identified 28 phytochemical components in the aqueous extract of PV. Exposure to an aqueous extract at ½ MIC and MIC for 5 h resulted in a significant release of intracellular nucleic acid (up to 6-fold) and protein (up to 10-fold) into the extracellular environment. Additionally, this treatment caused a notable decline in the activity of several crucial enzymes, including a 41.51% reduction in alkaline phosphatase (AKP), a 45.71% decrease in adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and a 48.99% drop in superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, there was a decrease of 24.17% at ½ MIC and 27.17% at MIC in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and energy transfer. Collectively, these findings indicate that the anti-MRSA properties of PV may stem from its ability to disrupt membrane and cell wall integrity, interfere with enzymatic activity, and impede bacterial cell metabolism and the transmission of information and energy that is essential for bacterial growth, ultimately resulting in bacterial apoptosis. The diverse range of characteristics exhibited by PV positions it as a promising antimicrobial agent with broad applications for enhancing health and improving food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Qiqi He
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Feifei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Zhuofan Guan
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Zhini He
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Chen Situ
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Pakkulnan R, Thonglao N, Chareonsudjai S. DNase I and chitosan enhance efficacy of ceftazidime to eradicate Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1059. [PMID: 36658182 PMCID: PMC9852466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infection contributes to antibiotic resistance and relapse of melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm matrix contains extracellular DNA (eDNA) that is crucial for biofilm establishment. However, the contribution of eDNA to antibiotic resistance by B. pseudomallei remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated in vitro that DNase I with the administration of ceftazidime (CAZ) at 24 h considerably inhibited the 2-day biofilm formation and reduced the number of viable biofilm cells of clinical B. pseudomallei isolates compared to biofilm treated with CAZ alone. A 3-4 log reduction in numbers of viable cells embedded in the 2-day biofilm was observed when CAZ was combined with DNase I. Confocal laser-scanning microscope visualization emphasized the competence of DNase I followed by CAZ supplementation to significantly limit B. pseudomallei biofilm development and to eradicate viable embedded B. pseudomallei biofilm cells. Furthermore, DNase I supplemented with chitosan (CS) linked with CAZ (CS/CAZ) significantly eradicated shedding planktonic and biofilm cells. These findings indicated that DNase I effectively degraded eDNA leading to biofilm inhibition and dispersion, subsequently allowing CAZ and CS/CAZ to eradicate both shedding planktonic and embedded biofilm cells. These findings provide efficient strategies to interrupt biofilm formation and improve antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaphorn Pakkulnan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nuttaya Thonglao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Mohapatra PR, Mishra B. Prevention of melioidosis. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:4981-4986. [PMID: 36505663 PMCID: PMC9731021 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a complex tropical disease linked with many complications. It is increasingly diagnosed in India. The clinical mimicry of this disease with several other common causes of pneumonia has kept the clinicians in ignorance. Usually, the diagnosis and appropriate management get delayed. The organism closely resembles the common contaminant Pseudomonas and is easily misidentified in microbiology laboratories. The diagnosis is often missed because of poor diagnostic sensitivity of blood culture, the gold standard of the diagnosis. All this contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. The rampant use of high-end broad-spectrum antibiotics like ceftazidime and meropenem at suboptimal dose and duration suppresses the diagnosis without eradicating the disease, leaving the chance of recurrence from its latency even after years. As an infectious disease, the cure and prevention depend on early diagnosis and treatment. An awareness of its peculiar presentations and history can differentiate clinically and suspect the condition much easily from other mimickers of tuberculosis to sepsis. Ultimately, the prevention of melioidosis remains the critical strategy. Increasing the number of cases and intricated management of this fatal but potentially curable disease had prompted us to take up the mission of preventing the disease by spreading knowledge and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha - 751 019, India. E-mail:
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Thonglao N, Pakkulnan R, Paluka J, Chareonsudjai P, Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Chareonsudjai S. Chitosan biological molecule improves bactericidal competence of ceftazidime against Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:676-685. [PMID: 35063492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infections (melioidosis) are problematic because of reduced sensitivity to antibiotics and high frequency of relapse. Biofilm dispersal agents are essential to liberate the biofilm-encased cells, which then become planktonic and are more susceptible to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of deacetylated chitosan (dCS), an antimicrobial and antibiofilm biological macromolecule, to disrupt established biofilms, thus enabling ceftazidime (CAZ) to kill biofilm-embedded B. pseudomallei. We combined dCS with CAZ using a mechanical stirring method to generate dCS/CAZ. In combination, 1.25-2.5 mg ml-1 dCS/1-2 μg ml-1 CAZ acted synergistically to kill cells more effectively than did either dCS or CAZ alone. Notably, a combination of 5-10 mg ml-1 dCS with 256-512 μg ml-1 CAZ, prepared either by mechanical stirring (dCS/CAZ) or mixing (dCS + CAZ), drastically improved bactericidal activities against biofilm cells leading to a 3-6 log CFU reduction. Confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM) images revealed that 10 mg ml-1 dCS/512 μg ml-1 CAZ is by far the best formulation to diminish B. pseudomallei biofilm biomass and produces the lowest live/dead cell ratios of B. pseudomallei in biofilm matrix. Collectively, these findings emphasize the potential of novel therapeutic antibacterial and antibiofilm agents to fight against antibiotic-tolerant B. pseudomallei biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttaya Thonglao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaphorn Pakkulnan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jakkapat Paluka
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Chareonsudjai
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Product Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Ssekatawa K, Byarugaba DK, Wampande EM, Moja TN, Nxumalo E, Maaza M, Sackey J, Ejobi F, Kirabira JB. Isolation and characterization of chitosan from Ugandan edible mushrooms, Nile perch scales and banana weevils for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4116. [PMID: 33602952 PMCID: PMC7892825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Of recent, immense attention has been given to chitosan in the biomedical field due to its valuable biochemical and physiological properties. Traditionally, the chief source of chitosan is chitin from crab and shrimp shells. Chitin is also an important component of fish scales, insects and fungal cell walls. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize chitosan from locally available material for potential use in the biomedical field. Chitosan ash and nitrogen contents ranged from 1.55 to 3.5% and 6.6 to 7.0% respectively. Molecular weight varied from 291 to 348KDa. FTIR spectra revealed high degree of similarity between locally isolated chitosan and commercial chitosan with DD ranging from 77.8 to 79.1%. XRD patterns exhibited peaks at 2θ values of 19.5° for both mushroom and banana weevil chitosan while Nile perch scales chitosan registered 3 peaks at 2θ angles of 12.3°, 20.1° and 21.3° comparable to the established commercial chitosan XRD pattern. Locally isolated chitosan exhibited antimicrobial activity at a very high concentration. Ash content, moisture content, DD, FTIR spectra and XRD patterns revealed that chitosan isolated from locally available materials has physiochemical properties comparable to conventional chitosan and therefore it can be used in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ssekatawa
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biomedical Science, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P. O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tlou N Moja
- University of South Africa-Florida, Campus Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Edward Nxumalo
- University of South Africa-Florida, Campus Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juliet Sackey
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, Somerset West, 7129, South Africa
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francis Ejobi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Baptist Kirabira
- African Center of Excellence in Materials, Product Development and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Antibacterial activity of various chitosan forms against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1600-1605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Effect of antiseptic gels in the microbiologic colonization of the suture threads after oral surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8360. [PMID: 32433572 PMCID: PMC7239853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different bioadhesive gels were evaluated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which microbial growth in the suture thread was assessed following post-surgical application of the aforementioned gels. Also assessed in this trial were, the intensity of post-surgical pain as well as the degree of healing of the patients’ surgical wounds. A total of 21 patients (with 42 wisdom teeth) participated in this trial. Chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine-chitosan gel, and hyaluronic acid gel were evaluated, with a neutral water-based gel serving as the control agent. The aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial recovery on blood agar was lower in the placebo group than in the experimental groups. The most significant difference (p = 0.04) was observed in the chlorhexidine-chitosan group. in which the growth of Blood Agar and Mitis Salivarius Agar was significantly higher than in the placebo group. The intensity of post-surgical pain was very similar among all the groups. Significantly better healing rates were observed in the patients treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan gel when compared with those who used the placebo gel (p = 0.03), and in particular when compared with those patients who used hyaluronic acid gel (p = 0.01). Through our microbiological analyses, we were able to conclude that none of the bioadhesive gels tested resulted in beneficial reductions in the bacterial/fungal populations. However, the healing rates of patients who were treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan were better than those of the patients who used either the placebo gel or the hyaluronic acid gel.
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Abstract
The causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, a tier 1 select agent, is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, with increased incidence associated with high levels of rainfall. Increasing reports of this condition have occurred worldwide, with estimates of up to 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths per year. The ecological niche of the organism has yet to be clearly defined, although the organism is associated with soil and water. The culture of appropriate clinical material remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Identification is best done by phenotypic methods, although mass spectrometric methods have been described. Serology has a limited diagnostic role. Direct molecular and antigen detection methods have limited availability and sensitivity. Clinical presentations of melioidosis range from acute bacteremic pneumonia to disseminated visceral abscesses and localized infections. Transmission is by direct inoculation, inhalation, or ingestion. Risk factors for melioidosis include male sex, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, and immunosuppression. The organism is well adapted to intracellular survival, with numerous virulence mechanisms. Immunity likely requires innate and adaptive responses. The principles of management of this condition are drainage and debridement of infected material and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Global mortality rates vary between 9% and 70%. Research into vaccine development is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gassiep
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Armstrong
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Norton
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Xia QF, Miao WG, Rajaofera MN, Kang X, Jin PF, Chen X, Li CC, Yin L, Liu L, Sun QH, Zhang N, Chen CZ, He N. Antibacterial activity of bacillomycin D-like compounds isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2 against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.280295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tapia D, Sanchez-Villamil JI, Torres AG. Emerging role of biologics for the treatment of melioidosis and glanders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1319-1332. [PMID: 31590578 PMCID: PMC6981286 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1677602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Two important pathogenic species within the genus Burkholderia, namely Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bpm) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm), are the causative agents of the life-threatening diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Due to their high mortality rate and potential for aerosolization, they have gained interest as potential biothreat agents and are classified as Tier 1 Select Agents.Areas covered: The manuscript provides an overview of the literature covering the efforts taken in the last 10 years to develop new therapeutics measures against both Bpm and Bm, with attention on novel therapeutic agents.Expert Opinion: As a result of the complicated antibiotic regimens necessary to treat these infections, development of novel therapeutics is needed to treat both diseases. In recent years, the understanding of the pathogenesis of Burkholderia has improved significantly and so have the efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy, either alone, or in combination with conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tapia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier I. Sanchez-Villamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Rubini D, Banu SF, Subramani P, Hari BNV, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Wilson A, Nithyanand P. Extracted chitosan disrupts quorum sensing mediated virulence factors in Urinary tract infection causing pathogens. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5364546. [PMID: 30801640 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role during the aetiology of urinary tract infection (UTI), as several virulence factors are under the regulation of QS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, the primary causative agents of UTI, employ acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal molecules to coordinate various virulence factors. In this present study, chitosan extracted from the marine crab Portunus sanguinolentus was screened for its ability to inhibit the QS-signaling molecules of P. aeruginosa (PA01) and few clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. The extracted chitosan on comparison with a commercial chitosan showed significant inhibition of several QS-dependent virulence factors in P. aeruginosa and S. marscenes. Furthermore, qPCR analysis was carried out to confirm the down-regulation of fimA, fimC and flhD genes involved in adhesion and pathogenesis of S. marcescens and lasI and rhlI genes that governs the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing system. Moreover, the chitosan when coated on a catheter was also able to disrupt the mature biofilms which was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the present study showcases the QS inhibitory property of extracted chitosan from crab shells which is being discarded as a recalcitrant biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabha Subramani
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi - 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aruni Wilson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
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Pakkulnan R, Anutrakunchai C, Kanthawong S, Taweechaisupapong S, Chareonsudjai P, Chareonsudjai S. Extracellular DNA facilitates bacterial adhesion during Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213288. [PMID: 30856240 PMCID: PMC6411153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm-forming ability of Burkholderia pseudomallei is crucial for its survival in unsuitable environments and is correlated with antibiotic resistance and relapsing cases of melioidosis. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an essential component for biofilm development and maturation in many bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the eDNA released by B. pseudomallei during biofilm formation using DNase treatment. The extent of biofilm formation and quantity of eDNA were assessed by crystal-violet staining and fluorescent dye-based quantification, respectively, and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Variation in B. pseudomallei biofilm formation and eDNA quantity was demonstrated among isolates. CLSM images of biofilms stained with FITC-ConA (biofilm) and TOTO-3 (eDNA) revealed the localization of eDNA in the biofilm matrix. A positive correlation of biofilm biomass with quantity of eDNA during the 2-day biofilm-formation observation period was found. The increasing eDNA quantity over time, despite constant living/dead ratios of bacterial cells during the experiment suggests that eDNA is delivered from living bacterial cells. CLSM images demonstrated that depletion of eDNA by DNase I significantly lessened bacterial attachment (if DNase added at 0 h) and biofilm developing stages (if added at 24 h) but had no effect on mature biofilm (if added at 45 h). Collectively, our results reveal that eDNA is released from living B. pseudomallei and is correlated with biofilm formation. It was also apparent that eDNA is essential during bacterial cell attachment and biofilm-forming steps. The depletion of eDNA by DNase may provide an option for the prevention or dispersal of B. pseudomallei biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaphorn Pakkulnan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suwimol Taweechaisupapong
- Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Chareonsudjai
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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14
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Han F, Wang X, Guo J, Qi C, Xu C, Luo Y, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Effects of glycinin and β-conglycinin on growth performance and intestinal health in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:269-279. [PMID: 30300740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of two soybean antigens (glycinin and β-conglycinin) as an antinutritional substance in the diet on the growth, digestive ability, intestinal health and microbiota of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). The isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets contained two soybean antigens at two levels each (70 and 140 g/kg β-conglycinin, 80 and 160 g/kg glycinin) and a control diet without β-conglycinin or glycinin supplementation, and were used respectively to feed juvenile E. sinensis for seven weeks. Dietary inclusion of either glycinin or β-conglycinin significantly reduced crab survival and weight gain. The crabs fed diets containing soybean antigens had higher malondialdehyde concentrations and lower catalase activities in the intestine than those in the control. The activities of trypsin and amylase in the intestine were suppressed by dietary β-conglycinin and glycinin. Dietary glycinin or β-conglycinin impaired the immunity and morphological structure of intestine, especially the peritrophic membrane. The mRNA expression of constitutive and inducible immune responsive genes (lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor and interleukin-2 enhancer-binding factor 2) increased while the mRNA expression of the main genes related to the structural integrity peritrophic membrane (peritrophin-like gene and peritrophic 2) significantly decreased in the groups with soybean antigen addition. Soybean antigen could also change the intestinal microbial community. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Ochrobactrum, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas) increased significantly in both soybean antigen groups. Although pathogenic bacteria Vibrio were up-regulated in the glycinin group, the abundance of Dysgonomonas that degraded lignocellulose and ameliorated the gut environment decreased in the glycinin group. This study indicates that existence of soybean antigens (glycinin or β-conglycinin) could induce gut inflammation, reshape the community of gut microbiota, and cause digestive dysfunction, ultimately leading to impaired growth in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglu Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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15
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Kamjumphol W, Chareonsudjai P, Chareonsudjai S. Antibacterial activity of chitosan against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7. [PMID: 29178614 PMCID: PMC5822341 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Burkholderia pseudomallei to persist and survive in the environment is a health problem worldwide. Therefore, the antibacterial activities of chitosan against four environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei from soil in Khon Kaen, Thailand, were investigated. Antibacterial activities were assessed by a plate count technique after treatment with 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 or 5 mg ml−1 chitosan for 0, 24 and 48 hr. Chitosan at 5 mg ml−1 completely killed all four B. pseudomallei isolates within 24 hr, whilst 2 mg ml−1 chitosan lowered the viability of B. pseudomallei by 20% within the same time span. Chitosan may act by disruption of the cell membrane, releasing intracellular components that can be detected spectrophotometrically at 260 and 280 nm. Transmission electron microscopy inspection of chitosan‐treated B. pseudomallei revealed damage to the bacterial membranes. This study demonstrated the effective antibacterial activity by chitosan against B. pseudomallei. Chitosan causes disruption of the bacterial cell membrane, release of intracellular constituents and cell death. This study revealed the inhibitory potential of chitosan for mitigating B. pseudomallei occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharaporn Kamjumphol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Chareonsudjai
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Biofilm Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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