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Idrees M, Kujan O. Curcumin is effective in managing oral inflammation: An in vitro study. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:376-385. [PMID: 38772856 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral inflammation is among the most prevalent oral pathologies with systemic health implications, necessitating safe and effective treatments. Given curcumin's documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this study focuses on the potential of a curcumin-based oral gel in safely managing oral inflammatory conditions. METHODS This in vitro study utilized four human cell lines: oral keratinocytes (HOKs), immortalized oral keratinocytes (OKF6), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF), and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs). The cells were treated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and curcumin-based oral gel to simulate inflammatory conditions. A panel of cellular assays were performed along with antimicrobial efficacy tests targeting Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. RESULTS LPS significantly reduced proliferation and wound healing capacities of HOKs, OKF6, and HPdLF, but not DOKs. Treatment with curcumin-based oral gel mitigated inflammatory responses in HOKs and HPdLF by enhancing proliferation, colony formation, and wound healing, along with reducing apoptosis. However, its impact on OKF6 and DOKs was limited in some assays. Curcumin treatment did not affect the invasive capabilities of any cell line but did modulate cell adhesion in a cell line-specific manner. The curcumin-based oral gel showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against C. albicans and S. mutans, but was ineffective against P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of the curcumin-based oral gel as a safe and effective alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatments for managing cases of oral inflammation. This was achieved by modulating cellular responses under simulated inflammatory conditions. Future clinical-based studies are recommended to exploit curcumin's therapeutic benefits in oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Cho KJ, Kim YM. Strategies for controlling polymicrobial biofilms: A focus on antibiofilm agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107243. [PMID: 38908533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are among the leading causes of antimicrobial treatment failure. In these biofilms, bacterial and fungal pathogens interact synergistically at the interspecies, intraspecies, and interkingdom levels. Consequently, combating polymicrobial biofilms is substantially more difficult compared to single-species biofilms due to their distinct properties and the resulting potential variation in antimicrobial drug efficiency. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on developing alternative strategies for controlling polymicrobial biofilms formed by bacterial and fungal pathogens. Current approaches for controlling polymicrobial biofilms include monotherapy (using either natural or synthetic compounds), combination treatments, and nanomaterials. Here, a comprehensive review of different types of polymicrobial interactions between pathogenic bacterial species or bacteria and fungi is provided along with a discussion of their relevance. The mechanisms of action of individual compounds, combination treatments, and nanomaterials against polymicrobial biofilms are thoroughly explored. This review provides various future perspectives that can advance the strategies used to control polymicrobial biofilms and their likely modes of action. Since the majority of research on combating polymicrobial biofilms has been conducted in vitro, it would be an essential step in performing in vivo tests to determine the clinical effectiveness of different treatments against polymicrobial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Hu Y, Ren B, Cheng L, Deng S, Chen Q. Candida species in periodontitis: A new villain or a new target? J Dent 2024; 148:105138. [PMID: 38906455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research indicated that fungi might have a role in periodontitis alongside traditional periodontal pathogens. This state-of-the-art narrative review explores current concepts on the involvement of Candida species in periodontitis, and suggests the potential for ecological management of this disease. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted for a narrative review on Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus about periodontitis associated with Candida species. Published articles, including case reports, case series, observational and interventional clinical trials, and critical appraisals of the literature were retrieved and reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Several factors predispose individuals to periodontitis associated with Candida species. These include systemic diseases that lead to immunosuppression and oral environment changes such as cigarette smoking. While a consistent significant increase in the detection rate of Candida species in patients with periodontitis has not been universally observed, there is evidence linking Candida species to the severity of periodontitis and their potential to worsen the condition. Candida species may participate in the development of periodontitis in various ways, including cross-kingdom interactions with periodontal pathogens, changes in the local or systemic environment favoring the virulence of Candida species, and interactions between Candida-bacteria and host immunity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical plaque control is the most common treatment for periodontitis, but its effectiveness may be limited, particularly when dealing with systemic risk factors. Understanding the specific role of Candida in periodontitis illuminates innovative approaches for managing the ecological balance in periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Li P, Zhang Y, Chen D, Lin H. Investigation of a novel biofilm model close to the original oral microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:330. [PMID: 38730049 PMCID: PMC11087337 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A more optimized culture medium used in vitro to mimic the bacterial composition of original oral flora as similar as possible remains difficult at present, and the goal of this study is to develop a novel oral biofilm medium to restore the original oral microbiome. Firstly, we conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed and summarized the current reported culture media in vitro. Seven culture media were found. We used mixed saliva as the origin of oral species to compare the effects of the above media in culturing oral multispecies biofilms. Results indicated that among the seven media brain heart infusion containing 1% sucrose (BHIs) medium, PG medium, artificial saliva (AS) medium, and SHI medium could obviously gain large oral biofilm in vitro. The nutrients contained in different culture media may be suitable for the growth of different oral bacteria; therefore, we optimized several novel media accordingly. Notably, results of crystal violet staining showed that the biofilm cultured in our modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium had the highest amount of biofilm biomass. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon index of biofilm cultured in MAS medium were also the highest among all the tested media. More importantly, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that the biofilm cultured in MAS medium was closer to the original saliva species. Besides, biofilm cultured by MAS was denser and produced more exopolysaccharides. MAS supported stable biofilm formation on different substrata. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel MAS medium that could culture oral biofilm in vitro closer to the original oral microbiome, showing a good application prospect. KEY POINTS: • We compare the effects of different media in culturing oral biofilms • A novel modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium was obtained in our study • The MAS medium could culture biofilm that was closer to oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huancai Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kim YR, Kim GC, Nam SH. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Phellodendron Amurense Ruprecht Extract as a Natural Anti-Caries Material. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:603. [PMID: 38794173 PMCID: PMC11123985 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (PAR) extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and explore the possibility of using PAR extract as an anticariogenic agent. METHODS Mixed extracts were prepared at 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL concentrations, and an S. mutans-containing solution of 100 μL was inoculated into the medium. The survival rate of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells was assessed to confirm stability. One-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity against S. mutans and the proliferation of HaCaT cells. RESULTS Higher concentrations of the PAR extract showed more growth inhibition of S. mutans over time, with the complete inactivation of S. mutans at 5 mg/mL. HaCaT cell density was reduced at a PAR extract concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, but IC50 was not observed, confirming that the concentration used did not affect the cytotoxicity and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that the PAR extract was excellent as a natural substance with anticariogenic effects that inhibited the growth of S. mutans and did not affect the cell viability, thus indicating the potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25945, Republic of Korea
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Belizario JA, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Costa-Orlandi CB, Mendonça MB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Pires RH, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Exploring the Complexity of the Interaction between T. rubrum and S. aureus/ S. epidermidis in the Formation of Polymicrobial Biofilms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38258017 PMCID: PMC10820507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes associated with bacteria can lead to severe, difficult-to-treat infections and contribute to chronic infections. Trichophyton rubrum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms influenced by nutrient availability. This study investigated biofilm formation by these species by utilizing diverse culture media and different time points. These biofilms were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), biomass, metabolic activity, and colony-forming units (CFUs). The results revealed that mixed biofilms exhibited high biomass and metabolic activity when cultivated in the brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Both bacterial species formed mature biofilms with T. rubrum within 72 h, irrespective of media. The timing of bacterial inoculation was pivotal in influencing biomass and metabolic activity. T. rubrum's development within mixed biofilms depended on bacterial addition timing, while pre-adhesion influenced fungal growth. Bacterial communities prevailed initially, while fungi dominated later in the mixed biofilms. CLSM revealed 363 μm thick T. rubrum biofilms with septate, well-developed hyphae; S. aureus (177 μm) and S. epidermidis (178 μm) biofilms showed primarily cocci. Mixed biofilms matched T. rubrum's thickness when associated with S. epidermidis (369 μm), with few hyphae initially. Understanding T. rubrum and Staphylococcal interactions in biofilms advances antimicrobial resistance and disease progression knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenyffie A. Belizario
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Níura M. Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Carolina O. Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline B. Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Matheus B. Mendonça
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Regina H. Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil;
| | - Maria José S. Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
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Kumar D, Kumar A. Cellular Attributes of Candida albicans Biofilm-Associated in Resistance Against Multidrug and Host Immune System. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:423-437. [PMID: 37428599 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the ubiquitous hospital-acquired infections is associated with Candida albicans fungus. Usually, this commensal fungus causes no harm to its human host, as it lives mutually with mucosal/epithelial tissue surface cells. Nevertheless, due to the activity of various immune weakening factors, this commensal starts reinforcing its virulence attributes with filamentation/hyphal growth and building an absolute microcolony composed of yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal cells, which is suspended in an extracellular gel-like polymeric substance (EPS) called biofilms. This polymeric substance is the mixture of the secreted compounds from C. albicans as well as several host cell proteins. Indeed, the presence of these host factors makes their identification and differentiation process difficult by host immune components. The gel-like texture of the EPS makes it sticky, which adsorbs most of the extracolonial compounds traversing through it that aid in penetration hindrance. All these factors further contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype of C. albicans biofilm that is spotlighted in this article. The mechanisms it employs to escape the host immune system are also addressed effectively. The article focuses on cellular and molecular determinants involved in the resistance of C. albicans biofilm against multidrug and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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Marimuthu SCV, Murugesan J, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Sankaranarayanan M, Thangamariappan E, Rosy JC, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Kunjiappan S, Balakrishnan V, Sundar K. Pharmacoinformatics-Based Approach for Uncovering the Quorum-Quenching Activity of Phytocompounds against the Oral Pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2023; 28:5514. [PMID: 37513386 PMCID: PMC10383507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive oral pathogen, is the primary causative agent of dental caries. Biofilm formation, a critical characteristic of S. mutans, is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). This study aimed to utilize pharmacoinformatics techniques to screen and identify effective phytochemicals that can target specific proteins involved in the quorum sensing pathway of S. mutans. A computational approach involving homology modeling, model validation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed. The 3D structures of the quorum sensing target proteins, namely SecA, SMU1784c, OppC, YidC2, CiaR, SpaR, and LepC, were modeled using SWISS-MODEL and validated using a Ramachandran plot. Metabolites from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Morinda citrifolia (Noni), and Salvadora persica (Miswak) were docked against these proteins using AutoDockTools. MD simulations were conducted to assess stable interactions between the highest-scoring ligands and the target proteins. Additionally, the ADMET properties of the ligands were evaluated using SwissADME and pkCSM tools. The results demonstrated that campesterol, meliantrol, stigmasterol, isofucosterol, and ursolic acid exhibited the strongest binding affinity for CiaR, LepC, OppC, SpaR, and Yidc2, respectively. Furthermore, citrostadienol showed the highest binding affinity for both SMU1784c and SecA. Notably, specific amino acid residues, including ASP86, ARG182, ILE179, GLU143, ASP237, PRO101, and VAL84 from CiaR, LepC, OppC, SecA, SMU1784c, SpaR, and YidC2, respectively, exhibited significant interactions with their respective ligands. While the docking study indicated favorable binding energies, the MD simulations and ADMET studies underscored the substantial binding affinity and stability of the ligands with the target proteins. However, further in vitro studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of these top hits against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaprabhakaran Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | - Joseph Christina Rosy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | | | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Vanavil Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
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Li Y, Huang S, Du J, Wu M, Huang X. Current and prospective therapeutic strategies: tackling Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans cross-kingdom biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1106231. [PMID: 37249973 PMCID: PMC10213903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most frequent strain associated with cross-kingdom infections in the oral cavity. Clinical evidence shows the co-existence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and C. albicans in the carious lesions especially in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and demonstrates the close interaction between them. During the interaction, both S. mutans and C. albicans have evolved a complex network of regulatory mechanisms to boost cariogenic virulence and modulate tolerance upon stress changes in the external environment. The intricate relationship and unpredictable consequences pose great therapeutic challenges in clinics, which indicate the demand for de novo emergence of potential antimicrobial therapy with multi-targets or combinatorial therapies. In this article, we present an overview of the clinical significance, and cooperative network of the cross-kingdom interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans. Furthermore, we also summarize the current strategies for targeting cross-kingdom biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minjing Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Niu Y, Zhang C, Sun Y, Dong L, Si Y, Yang J, Zhu P, Yang F. Symbiotic relationship between Prevotella denticola and Streptococcus mutans enhances virulence of plaque biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 151:105714. [PMID: 37141746 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore that whether interactions between Prevotella denticola and Streptococcus mutans could promote the establishment of hypervirulent biofilms on teeth surface and eventually influence the occurrence and development of caries. DESIGN Based on single-species biofilms of either P. denticola or S. mutans, and dual-species biofilms of both bacteria, we compared the virulence properties associated with cariogenicity in vitro, including carbohydrate metabolism and acid productivity, synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, biomass and architecture of biofilms, level of enamel demineralization and expression of virulence genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and adhesion in S. mutans. RESULTS The data demonstrated that, compared to single-species of above two taxa, dual-species produced lactate by metabolizing carbohydrates at a higher level during the observation period. Moreover, dual-species biofilms accrued more biomass and exhibited more dense microcolonies and abundant extracellular matrix. And it's noticeable that the level of enamel demineralization in dual-species biofilms was more augmented than that of single-species. In addition, the presence of P. denticola induced the expression of virulence genes gtfs and gbpB in S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS Symbiotic relationship between P. denticola and S. mutans enhances caries-associated virulence of plaque biofilms, which might provide new strategies for effective prevention and treatment of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Niu
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
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Avraham M, Steinberg D, Barak T, Shalish M, Feldman M, Sionov RV. Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020521. [PMID: 36831057 PMCID: PMC9953046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium highly associated with dental caries, and it has a strong biofilm-forming ability, especially in a sugar-rich environment. Many strategies have been undertaken to prevent dental caries by targeting these bacteria. Recently, we observed that a sustained-release varnish containing triclosan and cannabidiol (CBD) was more efficient than each compound alone in preventing biofilm formation by the fungus Candida albicans, which is frequently involved in oral infections together with S. mutans. It was therefore inquiring to study the effect of this drug combination on S. mutans. We observed that the combined treatment of triclosan and CBD had stronger anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity than each compound alone, thus enabling the use of lower concentrations of each drug to achieve the desired effect. The combined drug treatment led to an increase in the SYTO 9low, propidium iodide (PI)high bacterial population as analyzed by flow cytometry, indicative for bacteria with disrupted membrane. Both triclosan and CBD induced membrane hyperpolarization, although there was no additive effect on this parameter. HR-SEM images of CBD-treated bacteria show the appearance of elongated and swollen bacteria with several irregular septa structures, and upon combined treatment with triclosan, the bacteria took on a swollen ellipse and sometimes oval morphology. Increased biofilm formation was observed at sub-MIC concentrations of each compound alone, while combining the drugs at these sub-MIC concentrations, the biofilm formation was prevented. The inhibition of biofilm formation was confirmed by CV biomass staining, MTT metabolic activity, HR-SEM and live/dead together with exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining visualized by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Importantly, the concentrations required for the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities toward S. mutans were non-toxic to the normal Vero epithelial cells. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study propose a beneficial role of combined triclosan/CBD treatment for potential protection against dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Avraham
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Division of Biotechnology, Strauss Campus, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 9514223, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tamar Barak
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhao Z, Wu J, Sun Z, Fan J, Liu F, Zhao W, Liu WH, Zhang M, Hung WL. Postbiotics Derived from L. paracasei ET-22 Inhibit the Formation of S. mutans Biofilms and Bioactive Substances: An Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031236. [PMID: 36770903 PMCID: PMC9919839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, dental caries is one of the most common non-communicable diseases for patients of all ages; Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is its principal pathogen. Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) shows excellent anti-pathogens and immune-regulation functions in the host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of L. paracasei ET-22 on the formation of S. mutans biofilms. The living bacteria, heat-killed bacteria, and secretions of L. paracasei ET-22 were prepared using the same number of bacteria. In vitro, they were added into artificial-saliva medium, and used to coculture with the S. mutans. Results showed that the living bacteria and secretions of L. paracasei ET-22 inhibited biofilm-growth, the synthesis of water-soluble polysaccharide and water-insoluble polysaccharide, and virulence-gene-expression levels related to the formation of S. mutans biofilms. Surprisingly, the heat-killed L. paracasei ET-22, which is a postbiotic, also showed a similar regulation function. Non-targeted metabonomics technology was used to identify multiple potential active-substances in the postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 that inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilms, including phenyllactic acid, zidovudine monophosphate, and citrulline. In conclusion, live bacteria and its postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 all have inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm. The postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 may be a promising biological anticariogenic-agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- China Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Jinbo Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.-L.H.)
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.-L.H.)
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13
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Bessa LJ, Botelho J, Machado V, Alves R, Mendes JJ. Managing Oral Health in the Context of Antimicrobial Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416448. [PMID: 36554332 PMCID: PMC9778414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome plays a major role in shaping oral health/disease state; thus, a main challenge for dental practitioners is to preserve or restore a balanced oral microbiome. Nonetheless, when pathogenic microorganisms install in the oral cavity and are incorporated into the oral biofilm, oral infections, such as gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis, can arise. Several prophylactic and treatment approaches are available nowadays, but most of them have been antibiotic-based. Given the actual context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic stewardship in dentistry would be a beneficial approach to optimize and avoid inappropriate or even unnecessary antibiotic use, representing a step towards precision medicine. Furthermore, the development of new effective treatment options to replace the need for antibiotics is being pursued, including the application of photodynamic therapy and the use of probiotics. In this review, we highlight the advances undergoing towards a better understanding of the oral microbiome and oral resistome. We also provide an updated overview of how dentists are adapting to better manage the treatment of oral infections given the problem of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J. Bessa
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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High throughput bioanalytical techniques for elucidation of Candida albicans biofilm architecture and metabolome. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Yin W, Zhang Z, Shuai X, Zhou X, Yin D. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Inhibits Cross-Kingdom Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157822. [PMID: 35980199 PMCID: PMC9602599 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01578-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans exhibit strong cariogenicity through cross-kingdom biofilm formation during the pathogenesis of dental caries. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural compound, has potential antimicrobial effects on each species individually, but there are no reports of its effect on this dual-species biofilm. This study aimed to explore the effects of CAPE on cariogenic biofilm formation by S. mutans and C. albicans and the related mechanisms. The effect of CAPE on planktonic cell growth was investigated, and crystal violet staining, the anthrone-sulfuric acid assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate biofilm formation. The structures of the formed biofilms were observed using scanning electron microscopy. To explain the antimicrobial effect of CAPE, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to monitor the relative expression levels of cariogenic genes. Finally, the biocompatibility of CAPE in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The results showed that CAPE suppressed the growth, biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis of C. albicans and S. mutans in the coculture system of the two species. The expression of the gtf gene was also suppressed by CAPE. The efficacy of CAPE was concentration dependent, and the compound exhibited acceptable biocompatibility. Our research lays the foundation for further study of the application of the natural compound CAPE as a potential antimicrobial agent to control dental caries-associated cross-kingdom biofilms. IMPORTANCE Severe dental caries is a multimicrobial infectious disease that is strongly induced by the cross-kingdom biofilm formed by S. mutans and C. albicans. This study aimed to investigate the potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a natural product in the prevention of severe caries. This study clarified the inhibitory effect of CAPE on cariogenic biofilm formation and the control of cariogenic genes. It deepens our understanding of the synergistic cariogenic effect of S. mutans and C. albicans and provides a new perspective for the prevention and control of dental caries with CAPE. These findings may contribute to the development of CAPE as a promising antimicrobial agent targeting this caries-related cross-kingdom biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinxing Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Derong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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16
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Pan S, Yan J, Xu X, Chen Y, Chen X, Li F, Xing H. Current Development and Future Application Prospects of Plants-Derived Polyphenol Bioactive Substance Curcumin as a Novel Feed Additive in Livestock and Poultry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911905. [PMID: 36233207 PMCID: PMC9570258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a kind of natural orange-yellow phenolic compound mainly extracted from the stems and roots of turmeric plants and other species in the genus Curcuma, furthermore, it is also the most important active ingredient exerting pharmacological functions in turmeric. In recent years, CUR has been frequently reported and has attracted widespread attention from scholars all over the world due to its numerous biological functions and good application prospects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and providing lipid-lowering effects, etc. In addition, adding a certain dose of CUR to livestock and poultry feed is important for animal growth and development, which plays a key role in animal metabolism, reproduction, immunity and clinical health care. This review aims to summarize, based on the published papers and our own observations, the physical and chemical properties and the biological functions of the plant-derived bioactive ingredient CUR, especially regarding the latest research progress in regulating intestinal health as well as its current development and future application prospects in livestock and poultry as a novel feed additive, so as to provide theoretical and practical references for the further study of the application of CUR as a novel feed additive and a potential new antibiotic substitute, thereby improving the research field of plant-derived bioactive ingredients and promoting the healthy development of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-5148-7979-274; Fax: +86-514-8797-2218
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongfang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching with a Focus on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Oral Biofilms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091783. [PMID: 36144385 PMCID: PMC9503171 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies highlight the role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity and virulence of biofilms. This narrative review discusses general principles in quorum sensing, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative models and the influence of flow, before focusing on quorum sensing and quorum quenching in cariogenic and periodontopathic biofilms. In cariology, quorum sensing centres on the role of Streptococcus mutans, and to a lesser extent Candida albicans, while Fusobacterium nucleatum and the red complex pathogens form the basis of the majority of the quorum sensing research on periodontopathic biofilms. Recent research highlights developments in quorum quenching, also known as quorum sensing inhibition, as a potential antimicrobial tool to attenuate the pathogenicity of oral biofilms by the inhibition of bacterial signalling networks. Quorum quenchers may be synthetic or derived from plant or bacterial products, or human saliva. Furthermore, biofilm inhibition by coating quorum sensing inhibitors on dental implant surfaces provides another potential application of quorum quenching technologies in dentistry. While the body of predominantly in vitro research presented here is steadily growing, the clinical value of quorum sensing inhibitors against in vivo oral polymicrobial biofilms needs to be ascertained.
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18
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Chen R, Du M, Liu C. Strategies for dispersion of cariogenic biofilms: applications and mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981203. [PMID: 36134140 PMCID: PMC9484479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria residing within biofilms are more resistant to drugs than planktonic bacteria. They can thus play a significant role in the onset of chronic infections. Dispersion of biofilms is a promising avenue for the treatment of biofilm-associated diseases, such as dental caries. In this review, we summarize strategies for dispersion of cariogenic biofilms, including biofilm environment, signaling pathways, biological therapies, and nanovehicle-based adjuvant strategies. The mechanisms behind these strategies have been discussed from the components of oral biofilm. In the future, these strategies may provide great opportunities for the clinical treatment of dental diseases. Graphical Abstract.
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Chi Y, Wang Y, Ji M, Li Y, Zhu H, Yan Y, Fu D, Zou L, Ren B. Natural products from traditional medicine as promising agents targeting at different stages of oral biofilm development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955459. [PMID: 36033896 PMCID: PMC9411938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity is an ideal habitat for more than 1,000 species of microorganisms. The diverse oral microbes form biofilms over the hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity, affecting the oral ecological balance and the development of oral diseases, such as caries, apical periodontitis, and periodontitis. Currently, antibiotics are the primary agents against infectious diseases; however, the emergence of drug resistance and the disruption of oral microecology have challenged their applications. The discovery of new antibiotic-independent agents is a promising strategy against biofilm-induced infections. Natural products from traditional medicine have shown potential antibiofilm activities in the oral cavity with high safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimal adverse drug reactions. Aiming to highlight the importance and functions of natural products from traditional medicine against oral biofilms, here we summarized and discussed the antibiofilm effects of natural products targeting at different stages of the biofilm formation process, including adhesion, proliferation, maturation, and dispersion, and their effects on multi-species biofilms. The perspective of antibiofilm agents for oral infectious diseases to restore the balance of oral microecology is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengzhen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zou,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Biao Ren,
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Mendes-Gouvêa CC, Danelon M, Vieira APM, do Amaral JG, de Souza-Neto FN, Gorup LF, Camargo ER, Delbem ACB, Barbosa DB. Silver nanoparticles associated with a polyphosphate and fluoride enhance the prevention of enamel demineralization and impact on dual-biofilm adhesion. J Dent 2022; 125:104245. [PMID: 35914572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study were to produce a multifunctional nanocomposite combining silver nanoaparticles (Ag), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and fluoride (F), to investigate its effect on dental enamel demineralization and on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. METHODS Bovine enamel blocks were submitted to five pH cycles and treated 2x/day with 100ppm F, 225ppm F, 100ppm F+0.2%TMP or 100ppm F+0.2%TMP+10% Ag (100F/TMP/Ag). Next, surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), enamel fluoride (F) and calcium (Ca) concentration were determined. Biofilms from single and dual species of S. mutans and C. albicans were treated with 100F/TMP/Ag, Ag or chlorhexidine gluconate for 24h. The antibiofilm effect was evaluated by colony-forming unit counting and Scanning Electron Microscopy. RESULTS The nanocomposite reduced 43.0% of %SH and was similar with samples treated with 225F, 100F/TMP and 100/TMP/Ag. The attribute of F and/or TMP in reducing ΔKHN in 5-20 μm was not affected by the addiction of Ag (110F = 225F = 100F/TMP = 100F/TMP/Ag > Negative Control). Further, 100F/TMP/Ag strongly reduced viable cells of S. mutans in dual biofilms (∼5 log10cm2) and structurally affected the biofilms. CONCLUSION The 100F/TMP/F promoted a protective effect against enamel demineralization and was able to significantly inhibit the growth of biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The focus on prevention and non-invasive dental treatment is the most effective and least costly way to improve the population's oral health conditions. We present a nanocomposite for a multiple approach in prevention of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Corrêa Mendes-Gouvêa
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Gallo do Amaral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Gorup
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565- 905, Brazil
| | - Emerson Rodrigues Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565- 905, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Shariati A, Didehdar M, Razavi S, Heidary M, Soroush F, Chegini Z. Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917787. [PMID: 35899117 PMCID: PMC9309813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms’ resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β–pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati, ; Zahra Chegini,
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soroush
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati, ; Zahra Chegini,
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22
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Antifungal and Modulatory Activity of Lemon Balm (Lippia alba (MILL.) N. E. BROWN) Essential Oil. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases and the progressive development of resistance are a challenge. In this context, Lippia alba (lemon balm) is a species used in folk medicine, being described with antimicrobial potential. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity and modulating effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown leaves (LaEO). The antifungal activity of LaEO on eight Candida strains was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC), minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and time-kill. The checkerboard technique was used to determine the modulating effect of LaEO on antifungal activity. The results indicate the presence of 11 constituents, with a predominance of carvone (58.15%) and limonene (25.37%). LaEO was able to inhibit the growth of all tested microorganisms, with MIC and MLC ranging from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/mL and MBIC and MBEC ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. The time-kill assay showed that LaEO was able to eliminate the strains after two hours of exposure and the best association was observed for the combination of LaEO and ketoconazole. The results of the study indicate that LaEO has excellent antifungal activity with potential biotechnological application.
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23
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Hwang G. In it together: Candida-bacterial oral biofilms and therapeutic strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:183-196. [PMID: 35218311 PMCID: PMC8957517 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi, Candida spp., in particular, Candida albicans is often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida-bacterial interactions may induce the transition of C. albicans from commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida-bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross-kingdom consortia that develop hard-to-remove and highly drug-resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost-effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross-kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal-involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini-review outlines the key features of Candida-bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida-bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding Author: Geelsu Hwang,
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24
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Efficacy of Salvadora persica Root Extract as an Endodontic Irrigant- An In-vitro evaluation. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Menon LU, Scoffield JA, Jackson JG, Zhang P. Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.849274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent and costly chronic oral infectious disease in preschool children. Candida albicans has been frequently detected in children and has demonstrated cariogenic traits. However, since ECC is a multifactorial infectious disease with many predisposing non-microbial factors, it remains to be elucidated whether the presence and accumulation of C. albicans in ECC is merely a consequence of the adaptation of C. albicans to a cariogenic oral environment, or it plays an active role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on C. albicans and the risk of ECC, with a focus on its synergistic relationship with the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. We also highlight recent advances in the development of approaches to disrupt C. albicans-S. mutans cross-kingdom biofilms in ECC prevention and treatment. Longitudinal clinical studies, including interventional clinical trials targeting C. albicans, are necessary to ascertain if C. albicans indeed contributes in a significant manner to the initiation and progression of ECC. In addition, further work is needed to understand the influence of other bacteria and fungi of oral microbiota on C. albicans-S. mutans interactions in ECC.
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26
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The Natural Product Curcumin as an Antibacterial Agent: Current Achievements and Problems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030459. [PMID: 35326110 PMCID: PMC8944601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and lack of effective drugs for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria in animal and human medicine have forced us to find new antibacterial strategies. Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against bacterial infection and are still an important source for the discovery of novel antibacterial drugs. Curcumin, an important constituent of turmeric, is considered safe for oral consumption to treat bacterial infections. Many studies showed that curcumin exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial action of curcumin involves the disruption of the bacterial membrane, inhibition of the production of bacterial virulence factors and biofilm formation, and the induction of oxidative stress. These characteristics also contribute to explain how curcumin acts a broad-spectrum antibacterial adjuvant, which was evidenced by the markedly additive or synergistical effects with various types of conventional antibiotics or non-antibiotic compounds. In this review, we summarize the antibacterial properties, underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin, and discuss its combination use, nano-formulations, safety, and current challenges towards development as an antibacterial agent. We hope that this review provides valuable insight, stimulates broader discussions, and spurs further developments around this promising natural product.
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27
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Pohl CH. Recent Advances and Opportunities in the Study of Candida albicans Polymicrobial Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:836379. [PMID: 35252039 PMCID: PMC8894716 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.836379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, can form polymicrobial biofilms with a variety of bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo, and that these polymicrobial biofilms can impact the course and management of disease. Although specific interactions are often described as either synergistic or antagonistic, this may be an oversimplification. Polymicrobial biofilms are complex two-way interacting communities, regulated by inter-domain (inter-kingdom) signaling and various molecular mechanisms. This review article will highlight advances over the last six years (2016-2021) regarding the unique biology of polymicrobial biofilms formed by C. albicans and bacteria, including regulation of their formation. In addition, some of the consequences of these interactions, such as the influence of co-existence on antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, will be discussed. Since the aim of this knowledge is to inform possible alternative treatment options, recent studies on the discovery of novel anti-biofilm compounds will also be included. Throughout, an attempt will be made to identify ongoing challenges in this area.
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28
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Priya A, Selvaraj A, Divya D, Karthik Raja R, Pandian SK. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760768. [PMID: 34867378 PMCID: PMC8640172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol against C. albicans and S. mutans dual species for the management of ECC. Thymol, a plant derivative of the monoterpene group, has been well known for its numerous biological activities. Thymol at 300 μg/ml concentration completely arrested growth and proliferation of dual species of C. albicans and S. mutans. Rapid killing efficacy of pathogens, within a span of 2 min, was observed in the time kill assay. In addition, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, thymol effectively diminished the biofilm formation and virulence of both C. albicans and S. mutans such as yeast-to-hyphal transition, hyphal-to-yeast transition, filamentation, and acidogenicity and acidurity, respectively, in single and dual species state. qPCR analysis was consistent with virulence assays. Also, through the invertebrate model system Galleria mellonella, in vivo toxicity and efficacy of the phytocompound was assessed, and it was found that no significant toxic effect was observed. Moreover, thymol was found to be proficient in diminishing the infection under single and dual state in in vivo condition. Overall, the results from the present study illustrate the anti-infective potential of thymol against the ECC-causing dual species, C. albicans and S. mutans, and the applicability of thymol in medicated dentifrice formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Dass Divya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, India
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29
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Dos Santos DDL, Besegato JF, de Melo PBG, Junior JAO, Chorilli M, Deng D, Bagnato VS, de Souza Rastelli AN. Effect of curcumin-encapsulated Pluronic ® F-127 over duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1775-1786. [PMID: 34664132 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of curcumin-encapsulated Pluronic® F-127 (Cur-Plu) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) over duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Thermal analysis, optical absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungal concentration were obtained. The biofilms were cultured for 48 h at 37 °C and treated according to the groups: P + M + L + (photosensitizer encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 + light); P + D + L + (photosensitizer incorporated in 1% DMSO + light); P - M + L + (no Pluronic® F-127 + light); P - D + L + (1% DMSO + light); P - L + (Milli-Q water + light); P + M + L - (photosensitizer encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 no light); P + D + L - (photosensitizer in 1% DMSO, no light); P - M + L - (Pluronic® F-127 no light); P - D + L - (1% DMSO, no light); P - L - (Milli-Q water, no light; negative control group); CHX (0.2% chlorhexidine, positive control group); and NYS (Nystatin). Dark incubation of 5 min was used. The groups that received aPDT were irradiated by blue LED (460 nm, 15 J/cm2). Cell viability of the biofilms was performed by colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and confocal microscopy. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used at a significance level of 5%. P + D + L + and P + M + L + groups exhibited better log-reduction for both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilms than P - M + L + , P - L + , and P - D + L + experimental groups. Furthermore, P + M + L + and P + D + L + showed greater reduction for Candida albicans than for Streptococcus mutans. aPDT mediated by Cur-Plu can be a potential strategy for biofilm control against duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dantas Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Priscila Borges Gobbo de Melo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Oshiro Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba-UEPB, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Physics Institute of São Carlos - IFSC, University of São Paulo - USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil.
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30
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Anti-bacterial and anti-microbial aging effects of resin-based sealant modified by quaternary ammonium monomers. J Dent 2021; 112:103767. [PMID: 34363889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pit and fissure sealant is used in the prevention of dental caries. However, commercial pit and fissure sealant lacks persistent antibacterial properties. Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was added to pit and fissure sealants to give it sustainable antibacterial properties and anti-microbial aging properties. METHODS Resin-based sealant was used as a control. Novel sealants were made with DMADDM. Atomic force microscope observation, curing depth, cytotoxicity, lactic acid measurement, hardness and microleakage were measured. Saliva-derived biofilms were grown on sealants. Biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid production and biomass accumulation were measured. RESULTS Incorporating DMADDM did not increase the cytotoxicity or change the physical properties when the mass fraction of the DMADDM was 2.5-10%. The modification decreased the amount of bacterial biofilm, metabolic activity, lactic acid production and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the saliva biofilms. It also provided anti-microbial aging properties. CONCLUSION The incorporation of DMADDM improved the antibacterial and anti-microbial aging effects of the material. It demonstrated a sustained antibacterial effect. The antibacterial and anti-microbial aging modification might be a potential choice for future clinical applications to inhibit dental caries, especially for children at high caries risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The antibacterial and anti-microbial aging modification might be a potential choice for future clinical applications to prevent dental caries, especially for individuals at high caries risk.
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31
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Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Vega-Chacón Y, Soares AB, Mima EGDO. Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7130. [PMID: 34281181 PMCID: PMC8267827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-000, Brazil; (J.K.T.-G.); (Y.V.-C.); (A.B.S.)
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32
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Khan F, Bamunuarachchi NI, Pham DTN, Tabassum N, Khan MSA, Kim YM. Mixed biofilms of pathogenic Candida-bacteria: regulation mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:699-727. [PMID: 34003065 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1921696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilm is one of the most frequently recorded clinical problems. Mixed biofilms develop as a result of interactions between microorganisms of a single or multiple species (e.g. bacteria and fungi). Candida spp., particularly Candida albicans, are known to associate with various bacterial species to form a multi-species biofilm. Mixed biofilms of Candida spp. have been previously detected in vivo and on the surfaces of many biomedical instruments. Treating infectious diseases caused by mixed biofilms of Candida and bacterial species has been challenging due to their increased resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Here, we review and discuss the clinical significance of mixed Candida-bacteria biofilms as well as the signalling mechanisms involved in Candida-bacteria interactions. We also describe possible approaches for combating infections associated with mixed biofilms, such as the use of natural or synthetic drugs and combination therapy. The review presented here is expected to contribute to the advances in the biomedical field on the understanding of underlying interaction mechanisms of pathogens in mixed biofilm, and alternative approaches to treating the related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Center of Excellence for Biochemistry and Natural Products, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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33
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Liang F, Xi J, Chen X, Huang J, Jin D, Zhu X. Curcumin decreases dibutyl phthalate-induced renal dysfunction in Kunming mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1528-1536. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271211001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) has been used extensively in dietary supplement with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Although dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has adverse effects on the kidney, any association between DBP exposure and the role of Cur is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to DBP has adverse consequences on renal dysfunction in mice and the potential protective role of Cur in decreasing DBP-induced renal dysfunction via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, and apoptosis factors as well as Bcl-2 and Bax were investigated. The results showed a marked increase of renal dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis level after DBP exposure compared to the control. While administration of Cur to DBP-treated mice may reduce these adverse biochemical changes compared with DBP-alone group. Overall, these results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in DBP-induced renal disorder, whereas Cur plays a protective role in inhibiting these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liang
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - J Xi
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - X Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - D Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Xiong K, Chen X, Zhu H, Ji M, Zou L. Anticaries activity of GERM CLEAN in Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilm. Oral Dis 2021; 28:829-839. [PMID: 33583105 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a peptide containing novel oral spray GERM CLEAN on dual-species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and to investigate whether GERM CLEAN inhibits the demineralization procedure of bovine enamel in vitro. METHODS The antimicrobial effects of GERM CLEAN on dual-species biofilm were analyzed by initial adherence rate calculation, water-insoluble exopolysaccharides quantification, total biomass quantification, and colony-forming units (CFUs) counting. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were applied to evaluate the impacts of GERM CLEAN on the biofilm structure. Further, the effects of GERM CLEAN on acidogenicity of dual-species were appraised via glycolytic pH drop analysis and hydroxyapatite dissolution measurement. The percentage of Surface Microhardness Reduction (%SMHR) evaluation, Atomic Force Micrograph (AFM) examination, and Transverse Microradiography (TMR) analysis after pH cycling were used to determine whether GERM CLEAN inhibited the demineralization of bovine enamel. RESULTS GERM CLEAN decreased the adherence rate, water-insoluble EPS production, biofilm formation, and acidogenicity of the dual-species. Moreover, GERM CLEAN significantly inhibited the demineralization status of bovine enamels. CONCLUSION This peptide containing novel oral spray GERM CLEAN has antimicrobial potential toward the dual-species. GERM CLEAN can also impede the demineralization procedure of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hualing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengzhen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Does Curcumin Have an Anticaries Effect? A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:213-227. [PMID: 34331692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most important oral health problems and a common infectious microbial disease. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been regarded as the primary etiologic factor in the formation of dental caries. Curcumin (CUR) has an antibacterial action and could be used in the eradication of S. mutans to control dental caries. This systematic review was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the anticaries effect of CUR. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane - CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Based on the PICO model, studies which evaluated the anticaries effects of CUR up until 24 February 2020 with language restrictions were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS From 753 papers found, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included. In 12 out of 13 included studies, CUR had significant antibacterial and anticaries effects. CUR had inhibitory effects on S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity, biomass, viability and metabolism reduction of biofilm, reduced exopolysaccharide production of biofilms, changes in biofilm structure, and had anti-adhesion effects against S. mutans. CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests promising antibacterial and anticaries effects of CUR including inhibition of S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity. This review provides unique information regarding the potential role of CUR in the prevention and treatment of dental carries as a natural, accessible, safe, and inexpensive agent to increase oral and dental health. However, clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Fakheran O, Khademi A, Bagherniya M, Dehghannejad M, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontal Pathogens: A Systematic Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:239-249. [PMID: 34331694 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of teeth caused by development of dental plaques and accumulation of microorganism around the gingival tissue. Curcumin has been shown to improve clinical parameters in periodontal diseases. However, the efficacy of curcumin in the elimination of periodontal pathogens is not clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the antibacterial activity of curcumin against periodontal pathogens. An electronic literature search in Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google scholar was performed up to February 29, 2020, to identify studies assessing the antibacterial activity of curcumin against periodontal pathogens. From 1238 publications, three clinical trials and five in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. All three clinical studies reported improvement in restoring gingival health in clinical and microbiological parameters, following adjunctive use of curcumin for treatment of periodontitis. All five in vitro studies showed that curcumin could inhibit the growth of bacterial strains. Three of the five in vitro studies evaluated the effect of curcumin on mixed biofilm of periopathogens, which showed a significant inhibitory effect of curcumin on periodontal biofilms. This systematic review found that curcumin has antibacterial activity against periopathogens. The anti-biofilm activity of curcumin is reported as one of the mechanisms for this phenomenon. Curcumin could improve the clinical parameters of periodontal tissue not only by inhibition of the pathogens but also by modulating the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Fakheran
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Khademi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mandana Dehghannejad
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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Li B, Pan T, Lin H, Zhou Y. The enhancing antibiofilm activity of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans strains from severe early childhood caries. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32938379 PMCID: PMC7493841 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC). RESULTS The isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no significant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of biofilm was reduced to 61.865% ± 7.108% in SECC and to 84.059% ± 10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5 min. For 24 h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of biofilm thickness reduced significantly in 5 min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24 h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24 h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980 ± 1.156) μm3/μm2 to (20.136 ± 1.042) μm3/μm2, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5 min curcumin treatment. After 24 h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has antibiofilm activity on clinical strains of S. mutans, especially for those isolated from SECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu R, Tao Y, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Lin H. Streptococcus mutans Membrane Vesicles Harboring Glucosyltransferases Augment Candida albicans Biofilm Development. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581184. [PMID: 33042098 PMCID: PMC7517897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, as the most common fungus in the oral cavity, is often detected in early childhood caries. Streptococcus mutans is the major etiological agent of dental caries, but the role of S. mutans on C. albicans growth and biofilm development remains to be elucidated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are a cell-secreted subcellular fraction that play an important role in intercellular communication and disease progression. In the present study, we investigated whether MVs from S. mutans augment C. albicans growth and biofilm development. The results indicated that S. mutans MVs augmented C. albicans biofilm development but had no significant effect on C. albicans growth under planktonic conditions. Subsequently, we labeled S. mutans MVs with PKH26 and used confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to track S. mutans MVs, which were observed to be located in the C. albicans biofilm extracellular matrix. Monosaccharide tests showed that S. mutans MVs contribute to sucrose metabolism in C. albicans. Polysaccharides were significantly enriched in the S. mutans MV-treated group. MVs from ΔgtfBC mutant strains were compared with those from the wild-type S. mutans. The results revealed that MVs from the ΔgtfBC mutant had no effect on C. albicans biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production. In addition, C. albicans biofilm transcriptional regulators (Ndt80, Als1, Mnn9, Van1, Pmr1, Gca1, and Big1) expression were upregulated in S. mutans MV-treated group. In summary, the results of the present study showed that S. mutans MVs harboring glucosyltransferases involved in exopolysaccharide production augment C. albicans biofilm development, revealing a key role for S. mutans MVs in cross-kingdom interactions between S. mutans and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Cao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Garcia LM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Gonçalves LNC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. A Two-Way Road: Antagonistic Interaction Between Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by Candida albicans/Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton rubrum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1980. [PMID: 33013741 PMCID: PMC7499241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomycoses include superficial fungal infections of the skin and its appendages. Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis are some of the most prevalent species that cause dermatomycoses. Several studies show a variable predominance of Candida spp. in relation to dermatophytes, especially in onychomycosis and the possibility of isolating both from the same site. The ability of dermatophytes to form biofilms recently been explored and there is currently no evidence on the involvement of these filamentous fungi in multi-species biofilms. Thus, this study aims to investigate the probable dual-species interaction between T. rubrum and C. albicans and T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis biofilms, considering variable formation conditions, as well as the susceptibility of these dual-species biofilms against terbinafine and efinaconazole. Three conditions of formation of dual-species biofilms were tested: (a) the suspensions of T. rubrum and Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis placed together; (b) suspensions of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis added the pre-adhesion of T. rubrum biofilms; (c) after the maturation of T. rubrum sessile cells. In the first and second conditions, the quantification of metabolic activities, biomass, and polysaccharide materials of mixed biofilms tended to resemble Candida monospecies biofilms. In the third condition, the profiles were modified after the addition of Candida, suggesting that T. rubrum biofilms served as substrate for the development of Candida biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy showed Candida predominance, however, numerous blastoconidia were noted, most evident in the conditions under which Candida was added after the pre-adhesion and maturation of T. rubrum biofilms. Despite the predominance of Candida, the presence of T. rubrum appears to inhibit C. albicans filamentation and C. parapsilosis development, confirming an antagonistic interaction. Fungal burden assays performed when the biofilms were formed together confirmed Candida predominance, as well as susceptibility to antifungals. Further studies will be needed to identify the components of the Candida and T. rubrum biofilm supernatants responsible for inhibiting dermatophyte growth and C. albicans filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Morais Garcia
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Larissa Naiara Carvalho Gonçalves
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Rocha FR, Regis WFM, Duarte S, Muniz FWMG, Rodrigues LKA. Effect of bioactive compounds on the regulation of quorum sensing network-associated genes and virulence in Streptococcus mutans-A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104893. [PMID: 32961379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of bioactive compounds and their regulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related and/or -regulated-virulence genes expression in Streptococcus mutans. DESIGN The search strategy was conducted through the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting the effects of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds on the regulation of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes of S. mutans. RESULTS After full-text reading, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, in most of them, QS-inhibitors from synthetic origin were evaluated, 16 articles described the effect of the compounds on biofilm formation cultivated in vitro and five studies described these effects on adhesion of biofilm-producing cells. Only 2 studies analyzed the potential target-component of the QS. CONCLUSIONS Mostly, the bioactive compounds affected the expression of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes and virulence traits (e.g. adhesion, biofilm formation, acid stress tolerance) of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the target-specific QS-system constituent used by bioactive compounds to achieve QS inhibition as well as validate the use of these compounds in controlling dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F M Regis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Francisco W M G Muniz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lidiany K A Rodrigues
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-170, Brazil.
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Adamczak A, Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. Curcumin, a Natural Antimicrobial Agent with Strain-Specific Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070153. [PMID: 32708619 PMCID: PMC7408453 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a principal bioactive substance of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), is reported as a strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agent. However, its antimicrobial properties require further detailed investigations into clinical and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. In this work, we tested curcumin's efficacy against over 100 strains of pathogens belonging to 19 species. This activity was determined by the broth microdilution method and by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our findings confirmed a much greater sensitivity of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. This study exhibited a significantly larger variation in the curcumin activity than previous works and suggested that numerous clinical strains of widespread pathogens have a poor sensitivity to curcumin. Similarly, the MICs of the MDR types of Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis were high (≥2000 µg/mL). However, curcumin was effective against some species and strains: Streptococcus pyogenes (median MIC = 31.25 µg/mL), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (250 µg/mL), Acinetobacter lwoffii (250 µg/mL), and individual strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (62.5 µg/mL). The sensitivity of species was not associated with its affiliation to the genus, and it could differ a lot (e.g., S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae and A. lwoffii, A. baumannii). Hence, curcumin can be considered as a promising antibacterial agent, but with a very selective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Adamczak
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland;
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Hartman AM, Jumde VR, Elgaher WAM, Te Poele EM, Dijkhuizen L, Hirsch AKH. Potential Dental Biofilm Inhibitors: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry Affords Sugar-Based Molecules that Target Bacterial Glucosyltransferase. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:113-123. [PMID: 32542998 PMCID: PMC7818428 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We applied dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) to find novel ligands of the bacterial virulence factor glucosyltransferase (GTF) 180. GTFs are the major producers of extracellular polysaccharides, which are important factors in the initiation and development of cariogenic dental biofilms. Following a structure‐based strategy, we designed a series of 36 glucose‐ and maltose‐based acylhydrazones as substrate mimics. Synthesis of the required mono‐ and disaccharide‐based aldehydes set the stage for DCC experiments. Analysis of the dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) by UPLC‐MS revealed major amplification of four compounds in the presence of GTF180. Moreover, we found that derivatives of the glucose‐acceptor maltose at the C1‐hydroxy group act as glucose‐donors and are cleaved by GTF180. The synthesized hits display medium to low binding affinity (KD values of 0.4–10.0 mm) according to surface plasmon resonance. In addition, they were investigated for inhibitory activity in GTF‐activity assays. The early‐stage DCC study reveals that careful design of DCLs opens up easy access to a broad class of novel compounds that can be developed further as potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin M Hartman
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Varsha R Jumde
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Evelien M Te Poele
- Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,CarbExplore Research BV, Zernikepark 1, 9747 AN, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,CarbExplore Research BV, Zernikepark 1, 9747 AN, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W, Liu M, Fu Y, Li X, Wang T, Li Y. Efficacy of Chelerythrine Against Mono- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and Its Properties of Inducing Hypha-to-Yeast Transition of C. albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020045. [PMID: 32252437 PMCID: PMC7345410 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus specifically often resulted in biofilm-associated diseases, ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies reported that chelerythrine displayed antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on mono- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chelerythrine against mono- and dual-species biofilms, and explore its effect on the hyphal growth and the hypha-to-yeast transition of C. albicans. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90S) of chelerythrine against planktonic cells of mono-species were 4 and 2 μg/mL, while the MIC and MBIC90 were 6 and 3 μg/mL for dual-species. Meanwhile, the decrease in three matrix component levels and tolerance to antibiotics of biofilms formed by mono- and dual-species exposed to chelerythrine were confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscope, in conjugation with five fluorescent dyes and a gatifloxacin diffusion assay. Moreover, C. albicans and S. aureus mono-species showed a 96.4, and 92.3% reduction, respectively, in 24-h preformed biofilm biomass in the presence of 128 µg/mL of chelerythrine. Similarly, preformed (24 h) dual-species biofilm biomass also displayed a significant reduction (90.7%) when treated with 192 μg/mL chelerythrine. Chelerythrine inhibited hyphae formation of C. albicans at 4 μg/mL, and C. albicans in hypha-form can be converted into yeast-form at 8 μg/mL of chelerythrine. Therefore, chelerythrine shows promise as a potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent for clinical effective treatments of mono- and mixed-species and/or biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuting Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (T.W.)
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (T.W.)
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Li X, Yin L, Ramage G, Li B, Tao Y, Zhi Q, Lin H, Zhou Y. Assessing the impact of curcumin on dual-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e937. [PMID: 31560838 PMCID: PMC6925172 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are often isolated from plaques associated with early childhood caries. However, there are limited studies examining how these microorganisms interact with one another and how best to manage them. Recent studies have shown that curcumin (CUR), a natural compound, has the potential to independently control both of these microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate how S. mutans and C. albicans respond in mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms challenged with CUR. Quantitative biofilm biomass and viability were first evaluated and supported by live–dead PCR to assess biofilm composition. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) content and thickness of the biofilms, and the structure of the biofilms and morphology of the cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was applied to assess relative gene expression. The 50% minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) of CUR against S. mutans and C. albicans was 0.5 mM. The biomass and viability decreased after treatment with CUR both in dual‐species biofilms and in mono‐species biofilm. CUR inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to CUR in dual‐species biofilm than in mono‐species biofilms, whereas C. albicans was less sensitive in dual‐species biofilms. EPS production was decreased by CUR in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms, which coincided with the downregulation of glucosyltransferase and quorum sensing‐related gene expression of S. mutans. In C. albicans, the agglutinin‐like sequence family of C. albicans was also downregulated in dual‐species biofilms. Collectively, these data show the potential benefit of using a natural antimicrobial, CUR, to control caries‐related dual‐species plaque biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luoping Yin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bingchun Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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