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Jou V, Peña SM, Lehoczky JA. Regeneration-specific promoter switching facilitates Mest expression in the mouse digit tip to modulate neutrophil response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598713. [PMID: 38915675 PMCID: PMC11195169 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The mouse digit tip regenerates following amputation, a process mediated by a cellularly heterogeneous blastema. We previously found the gene Mest to be highly expressed in mesenchymal cells of the blastema and a strong candidate pro-regenerative gene. We now show Mest digit expression is regeneration-specific and not upregulated in post-amputation fibrosing proximal digits. Mest homozygous knockout mice exhibit delayed bone regeneration though no phenotype is found in paternal knockout mice, inconsistent with the defined maternal genomic imprinting of Mest. We demonstrate that promoter switching, not loss of imprinting, regulates biallelic Mest expression in the blastema and does not occur during embryogenesis, indicating a regeneration-specific mechanism. Requirement for Mest expression is tied to modulating neutrophil response, as revealed by scRNAseq and FACS comparing wildtype and knockout blastemas. Collectively, the imprinted gene Mest is required for proper digit tip regeneration and its blastema expression is facilitated by promoter switching for biallelic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Jou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia M. Peña
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Xie G, Si Q, Zhang G, Fan Y, Li Q, Leng P, Qiao F, Liang S, Yu R, Wang Y. The role of imprinting genes' loss of imprints in cancers and their clinical implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365474. [PMID: 38812777 PMCID: PMC11133587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting plays an important role in the growth and development of mammals. When the original imprint status of these genes is lost, known as loss of imprinting (LOI), it may affect growth, neurocognitive development, metabolism, and even tumor susceptibility. The LOI of imprint genes has gradually been found not only as an early event in tumorigenesis, but also to be involved in progression. More than 120 imprinted genes had been identified in humans. In this review, we summarized the most studied LOI of two gene clusters and 13 single genes in cancers. We focused on the roles they played, that is, as growth suppressors and anti-apoptosis agents, sustaining proliferative signaling or inducing angiogenesis; the molecular pathways they regulated; and especially their clinical significance. It is notable that 12 combined forms of multi-genes' LOI, 3 of which have already been used as diagnostic models, achieved good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In addition, the methods used for LOI detection in existing research are classified into detection of biallelic expression (BAE), differentially methylated regions (DMRs), methylation, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These all indicated that the detection of imprinting genes' LOI has potential clinical significance in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingshuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
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3
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Wang H, Cui X, Wang L, Fan N, Yu M, Qin H, Liu S, Yan Q. α1,3-fucosylation of MEST promotes invasion potential of cytotrophoblast cells by activating translation initiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:651. [PMID: 37798282 PMCID: PMC10556033 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into the uterus is the gateway for successful pregnancy. Proper migration and invasion of embryonic trophoblast cells are the key for embryo implantation, and dysfunction causes pregnancy failure. Protein glycosylation plays crucial roles in reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether the glycosylation of trophoblasts is involved in trophoblast migration and invasion processes during embryo implantation failure. By Lectin array, we discovered the decreased α1,3-fucosylation, especially difucosylated Lewis Y (LeY) glycan, in the villus tissues of miscarriage patients when compared with normal pregnancy women. Downregulating LeY biosynthesis by silencing the key enzyme fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) inhibited migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. Using proteomics and translatomics, the specific LeY scaffolding glycoprotein of mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) with glycosylation site at Asn163 was identified, and its expression enhanced migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. The results also provided novel evidence showing that decreased LeY modification on MEST hampered the binding of MEST with translation factor eIF4E2, and inhibited implantation-related gene translation initiation, which caused pregnancy failure. The α1,3-fucosylation of MEST by FUT4 may serve as a new biomarker for evaluating the functional state of pregnancy, and a target for infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ningning Fan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, 116044, China.
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4
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Boo HJ, Min HY, Park CS, Park JS, Jeong JY, Lee SY, Kim WY, Lee JW, Oh SR, Park RW, Lee HY. Dual Impact of IGF2 on Alveolar Stem Cell Function during Tobacco-Induced Injury Repair and Development of Pulmonary Emphysema and Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1782-1799. [PMID: 36971490 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a destructive inflammatory disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Recovery from CS-induced injury requires proper stem cell (SC) activities with a tightly controlled balance of proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that acute alveolar injury induced by two representative tobacco carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene (N/B), increased IGF2 expression in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells to promote their SC function and facilitate alveolar regeneration. Autocrine IGF2 signaling upregulated Wnt genes, particularly Wnt3, to stimulate AT2 proliferation and alveolar barrier regeneration after N/B-induced acute injury. In contrast, repetitive N/B exposure provoked sustained IGF2-Wnt signaling through DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic control of IGF2 expression, causing a proliferation/differentiation imbalance in AT2s and development of emphysema and cancer. Hypermethylation of the IGF2 promoter and overexpression of DNMT3A, IGF2, and the Wnt target gene AXIN2 were seen in the lungs of patients with CS-associated emphysema and cancer. Pharmacologic or genetic approaches targeting IGF2-Wnt signaling or DNMT prevented the development of N/B-induced pulmonary diseases. These findings support dual roles of AT2 cells, which can either stimulate alveolar repair or promote emphysema and cancer depending on IGF2 expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE IGF2-Wnt signaling plays a key role in AT2-mediated alveolar repair after cigarette smoking-induced injury but also drives pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema and cancer when hyperactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Li J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li M, Yang J, Chen P, Zhu J, Li X, Zeng Z, Li G, Xiong W, McCarthy JB, Xiang B, Yi M. FOXA1 prevents nutrients deprivation induced autophagic cell death through inducing loss of imprinting of IGF2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:711. [PMID: 35974000 PMCID: PMC9381574 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor amplified in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its role in LUAD remains elusive. In this study, we found that expression of FOXA1 enhanced LUAD cell survival in nutrients deprived conditions through inhibiting autophagic cell death (ACD). FOXA1 bound to the imprinting control region of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), leading to initiation of DNMT1-mediated loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 and autocrine of IGF2. Blockage of IGF2 and its downstream insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) abolished the protective effect of FOXA1 on LUAD cells in nutrients deprived conditions. Furthermore, FOXA1 suppressed the expression of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1), a positive mediator of ACD, through ubiquitination of GBA1 enhanced by IGF2. Notably, FOXA1 expression in A549 cells reduced the efficacy of the anti-angiogenic drug nintedanib to inhibit xenograft tumor growth, whereas a combination of nintedanib with IGF1R inhibitor linsitinib or mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin enhanced tumor control. Clinically, high expression level of FOXA1 protein was associated with unfavorable prognosis in LUAD patients of advanced stage who received bevacizumab treatment. Our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized role of FOXA1 in mediating loss of imprinting of IGF2, which confer LUAD cells enhanced survival ability against nutrients deprivation through suppressing autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Li Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Min Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Pan Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Jie Zhu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Xiayu Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Wei Xiong
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - James B. McCarthy
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Mei Yi
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
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6
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:629-655. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhou J, Cheng T, Li X, Hu J, Li E, Ding M, Shen R, Pineda JP, Li C, Lu S, Yu H, Sun J, Huang W, Wang X, Si H, Shi P, Liu J, Chang M, Dou M, Shi M, Chen X, Yung RC, Wang Q, Zhou N, Bai C. Epigenetic imprinting alterations as effective diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage lung cancer and small pulmonary nodules. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:220. [PMID: 34906185 PMCID: PMC8672623 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early lung cancer detection remains a clinical challenge for standard diagnostic biopsies due to insufficient tumor morphological evidence. As epigenetic alterations precede morphological changes, expression alterations of certain imprinted genes could serve as actionable diagnostic biomarkers for malignant lung lesions. Results Using the previously established quantitative chromogenic imprinted gene in situ hybridization (QCIGISH) method, elevated aberrant allelic expression of imprinted genes GNAS, GRB10, SNRPN and HM13 was observed in lung cancers over benign lesions and normal controls, which were pathologically confirmed among histologically stained normal, paracancerous and malignant tissue sections. Based on the differential imprinting signatures, a diagnostic grading model was built on 246 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgically resected lung tissue specimens, tested against 30 lung cytology and small biopsy specimens, and blindly validated in an independent cohort of 155 patients. The QCIGISH diagnostic model demonstrated 99.1% sensitivity (95% CI 97.5–100.0%) and 92.1% specificity (95% CI 83.5–100.0%) in the blinded validation set. Of particular importance, QCIGISH achieved 97.1% sensitivity (95% CI 91.6–100.0%) for carcinoma in situ to stage IB cancers with 100% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity (95% CI 76.0–100.0%) noted for pulmonary nodules with diameters ≤ 2 cm. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the diagnostic value of epigenetic imprinting alterations as highly accurate translational biomarkers for a more definitive diagnosis of suspicious lung lesions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01203-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Li
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John P Pineda
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy and Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Si
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panying Shi
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Meijia Chang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maosen Dou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Rex C Yung
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21207, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Epigenetics Lab, Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer, 6th Floor, Building 5, No.66, Jinghuidongdao Road, Wuxi, 214135, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Soto JA, Rodríguez-Antolín C, Vera O, Pernía O, Esteban-Rodríguez I, Dolores Diestro M, Benitez J, Sánchez-Cabo F, Alvarez R, De Castro J, Ibanez de Cáceres I. Transcriptional epigenetic regulation of Fkbp1/Pax9 genes is associated with impaired sensitivity to platinum treatment in ovarian cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:167. [PMID: 34454589 PMCID: PMC8401184 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In an effort to contribute to overcoming the platinum resistance exhibited by most solid tumors, we performed an array of epigenetic approaches, integrating next-generation methodologies and public clinical data to identify new potential epi-biomarkers in ovarian cancer, which is considered the most devastating of gynecological malignancies.
Methods We cross-analyzed data from methylome assessments and restoration of gene expression through microarray expression in a panel of four paired cisplatin-sensitive/cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, along with publicly available clinical data from selected individuals representing the state of chemoresistance. We validated the methylation state and expression levels of candidate genes in each cellular phenotype through Sanger sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. We tested the biological role of selected targets using an ectopic expression plasmid assay in the sensitive/resistant tumor cell lines, assessing the cell viability in the transfected groups. Epigenetic features were also assessed in 189 primary samples obtained from ovarian tumors and controls. Results We identified PAX9 and FKBP1B as potential candidate genes, which exhibited epigenetic patterns of expression regulation in the experimental approach. Re-establishment of FKBP1B expression in the resistant OVCAR3 phenotype in which this gene is hypermethylated and inhibited allowed it to achieve a degree of platinum sensitivity similar to the sensitive phenotype. The evaluation of these genes at a translational level revealed that PAX9 hypermethylation leads to a poorer prognosis in terms of overall survival. We also set a precedent for establishing a common epigenetic signature in which the validation of a single candidate, MEST, proved the accuracy of our computational pipelines. Conclusions Epigenetic regulation of PAX9 and FKBP1B genes shows that methylation in non-promoter areas has the potential to control gene expression and thus biological consequences, such as the loss of platinum sensitivity. At the translational level, PAX9 behaves as a predictor of chemotherapy response to platinum in patients with ovarian cancer. This study revealed the importance of the transcript-specific study of each gene under potential epigenetic regulation, which would favor the identification of new markers capable of predicting each patient’s progression and therapeutic response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01149-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Andrés Soto
- Universidad de Santander, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Masira Research Institute, Bucaramanga, Colombia. .,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Antolín
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain
| | - Olga Vera
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain
| | - Olga Pernía
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Diestro
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Calle de Oña, 10, 28050, Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier De Castro
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ibanez de Cáceres
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, 28029, IdiPAZMadrid, Spain.
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9
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Sobral LM, Hicks HM, Parrish JK, McCann TS, Hsieh J, Goodspeed A, Costello JC, Black JC, Jedlicka P. KDM3A/Ets1 epigenetic axis contributes to PAX3/FOXO1-driven and independent disease-promoting gene expression in fusion-positive Rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2471-2486. [PMID: 32697014 PMCID: PMC7530783 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults. RMS exists as two major disease subtypes, oncofusion-negative RMS (FN-RMS) and oncofusion-positive RMS (FP-RMS). FP-RMS is characterized by recurrent PAX3/7-FOXO1 driver oncofusions and is a biologically and clinically aggressive disease. Recent studies have revealed FP-RMS to have a strong epigenetic basis. Epigenetic mechanisms represent potential new therapeutic vulnerabilities in FP-RMS, but their complex details remain to be defined. We previously identified a new disease-promoting epigenetic axis in RMS, involving the chromatin factor KDM3A and the Ets1 transcription factor. In the present study, we define the KDM3A and Ets1 FP-RMS transcriptomes and show that these interface with the recently characterized PAX3/FOXO1-driven gene expression program. KDM3A and Ets1 positively control numerous known and candidate novel PAX3/FOXO1-induced RMS-promoting genes, including subsets under control of PAX3/FOXO1-associated superenhancers (SE), such as MEST. Interestingly, KDM3A and Ets1 also positively control a number of known and candidate novel FP-RMS-promoting, but not PAX3/FOXO1-dependent, genes. Epistatically, Ets1 is downstream of, and exerts disease-promoting effects similar to, both KDM3A and PAX3/FOXO1. MEST also manifests disease-promoting properties in FP-RMS, and KDM3A and Ets1 each impacts activation of the PAX3/FOXO1-associated MEST SE. Taken together, our studies show that the KDM3A/Ets1 epigenetic axis plays an important role in disease promotion in FP-RMS, and provide insight into potential new ways to target aggressive phenotypes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lays M Sobral
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah M Hicks
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janet K Parrish
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tyler S McCann
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua C Black
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Noguera-Uclés JF, Boyero L, Salinas A, Cordero Varela JA, Benedetti JC, Bernabé-Caro R, Sánchez-Gastaldo A, Alonso M, Paz-Ares L, Molina-Pinelo S. The Roles of Imprinted SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS Gene Overexpression Caused by Promoter CpG Island Hypomethylation as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082075. [PMID: 32726996 PMCID: PMC7466018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a process that involves one gene copy turned-off in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. The regulation of imprinted genes is broadly dependent on promoter methylation marks, which are frequently associated with both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The purpose of this study was to assess the DNA methylation patterns of the imprinted solute-carrier family 22 member 18 (SLC22A18) and SLC22A18 antisense (SLC22A18AS) genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to study their relevance to the disease. We found that both genes were hypomethylated in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients. Due to this imprinting loss, SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS were found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, which is significantly more evident in lung adenocarcinoma patients. These results were validated through analyses of public databases of NSCLC patients. The reversed gene profile of both genes was achieved in vitro by treatment with ademetionine. We then showed that high SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS expression levels were significantly associated with worsening disease progression. In addition, low levels of SLC22A18AS were also correlated with better overall survival for lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS knockdown inhibits cell proliferation in vitro. All these results suggest that both genes may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Noguera-Uclés
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura Boyero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Ana Salinas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Juan Antonio Cordero Varela
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Johana Cristina Benedetti
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé-Caro
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amparo Sánchez-Gastaldo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Miriam Alonso
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cui S, Wu Q, West J, Bai J. Machine learning-based microarray analyses indicate low-expression genes might collectively influence PAH disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007264. [PMID: 31404060 PMCID: PMC6705875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting and testing the types of Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of each patient using cost-effective microarray-based expression data and machine learning algorithms could greatly help either identifying the most targeting medicine or adopting other therapeutic measures that could correct/restore defective genetic signaling at the early stage. Furthermore, the prediction model construction processes can also help identifying highly informative genes controlling PAH, leading to enhanced understanding of the disease etiology and molecular pathways. In this study, we used several different gene filtering methods based on microarray expression data obtained from a high-quality patient PAH dataset. Following that, we proposed a novel feature selection and refinement algorithm in conjunction with well-known machine learning methods to identify a small set of highly informative genes. Results indicated that clusters of small-expression genes could be extremely informative at predicting and differentiating different forms of PAH. Additionally, our proposed novel feature refinement algorithm could lead to significant enhancement in model performance. To summarize, integrated with state-of-the-art machine learning and novel feature refining algorithms, the most accurate models could provide near-perfect classification accuracies using very few (close to ten) low-expression genes. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious and progressive disease, with only a roughly 50% of 5-year survival rate even with best available therapies. Accurately detecting/differentiating different forms of PAH and developing drugs that could directly target at genes involved in PAH pathogenesis are essential. We proposed a computational approach using low-cost microarray data collected from a clinical trial and had accurately predicted each PAH group. In particular, we considered the fact that there might exist some low-expression genes that were usually discarded by researchers but might function collectively and significantly controlling the disease in each case. Therefore, we had developed different filtering algorithms that intentionally selected those low-expression genes for constructing prediction model. Using a few highly informative low-expression genes that had never been extensively investigated before, our systematic approach had produced models that could offer prefect accuracy in predicting PAH. Additionally, our analysis also found that the composition of gene factors controlling the PAH etiology under each form are quite different from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cui
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiangping Bai
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Goovaerts T, Steyaert S, Vandenbussche CA, Galle J, Thas O, Van Criekinge W, De Meyer T. A comprehensive overview of genomic imprinting in breast and its deregulation in cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4120. [PMID: 30297886 PMCID: PMC6175939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting plays an important role in growth and development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) has been found in cancer, yet systematic studies are impeded by data-analytical challenges. We developed a methodology to detect monoallelically expressed loci without requiring genotyping data, and applied it on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, discovery) and Genotype-Tissue expression project (GTEx, validation) breast tissue RNA-seq data. Here, we report the identification of 30 putatively imprinted genes in breast. In breast cancer (TCGA), HM13 is featured by LOI and expression upregulation, which is linked to DNA demethylation. Other imprinted genes typically demonstrate lower expression in cancer, often associated with copy number variation and aberrant DNA methylation. Downregulation in cancer frequently leads to higher relative expression of the (imperfectly) silenced allele, yet this is not considered canonical LOI given the lack of (absolute) re-expression. In summary, our novel methodology highlights the massive deregulation of imprinting in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Goovaerts
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Steyaert
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chari A Vandenbussche
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Galle
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Thas
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent - from Nucleotides to Networks (BIG N2N), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent - from Nucleotides to Networks (BIG N2N), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent - from Nucleotides to Networks (BIG N2N), Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Wang X, Wan L, Weng X, Xie J, Zhang A, Liu Y, Dong M. Alteration in methylation level at differential methylated regions of MEST and DLK1 in fetus of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2017; 37:1-8. [PMID: 29157033 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2017.1397689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Offspring born to preeclamptic women are at high risk for metabolic diseases in later life, but the mechanisms are not known. The purposes of the current investigation were to clarify the changes in DNA methylation at MEST and DLK1 DMRs in fetus of preeclampsia and to explore the possible mechanisms behind the high risk of adult diseases in the offspring of preeclampsia. METHODS Fetal lymphocytes were isolated from umbilical cord blood of 78 women with preeclampsia and 95 women with normal pregnancy. Genomic DNA was extracted and then DNA methylation levels of MEST and DLK1 DMRs were determined by MassARRAY quantitative methylation analysis. RESULTS The methylation levels were detected in 20 CpG sites of MEST DMR and 16 sites of DLK1 DMR. Methylation changes were significantly different at CPG1, 3, 4, 7.8, 15, 18.19, and 20 of MEST between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy (P = 0.014, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.001, = 0.005, and = 0.003, respectively). Significant differences were also observed at CPG 3 and 9 of DLK1 (P = 0.002 and 0.027, respectively). However, overall methylation at these DMRs were not affected. CONCLUSION We conclude methylation changes at some CpG sites of MEST and DLK DMRs in preeclamptic group. This may be among the mechanisms behind the high risk of adult diseases in the later life of offspring born to preeclamptic pregnancies. ABBREVIATIONS DMR: Differentially Methylated Region; MEST: Mesoderm Specific Transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University.,b Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital , Ningbo , China
| | - Liuxia Wan
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaoling Weng
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Jiamin Xie
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Aiping Zhang
- c Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yun Liu
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fudan University Shanghai Medical College , Shanghai , China.,e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
| | - Minyue Dong
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
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14
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Martin-Trujillo A, Vidal E, Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Sanchez-Delgado M, Moran S, Hernandez Mora JR, Heyn H, Guitart M, Esteller M, Monk D. Copy number rather than epigenetic alterations are the major dictator of imprinted methylation in tumors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:467. [PMID: 28883545 PMCID: PMC5589900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that imprinting aberrations are common in tumors. To understand the role of imprinting in cancer, we have characterized copy-number and methylation in over 280 cancer cell lines and confirm our observations in primary tumors. Imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) regulate parent-of-origin monoallelic expression of neighboring transcripts in cis. Unlike single-copy CpG islands that may be prone to hypermethylation, imprinted DMRs can either loose or gain methylation during tumorigenesis. Here, we show that methylation profiles at imprinted DMRs often not represent genuine epigenetic changes but simply the accumulation of underlying copy-number aberrations (CNAs), which is independent of the genome methylation state inferred from cancer susceptible loci. Our results reveal that CNAs also influence allelic expression as loci with copy-number neutral loss-of-heterozygosity or amplifications may be expressed from the appropriate parental chromosomes, which is indicative of maintained imprinting, although not observed as a single expression foci by RNA FISH.Altered genomic imprinting is frequently reported in cancer. Here, the authors analyze copy number and methylation in cancer cell lines and primary tumors to show that imprinted methylation profiles represent the accumulation of copy number alteration, rather than epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martin-Trujillo
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sanchez-Delgado
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Hernandez Mora
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Guitart
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT- Diagnostic Centre, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, 08208, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08907, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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Genomic Insight into the Role of lncRNA in Cancer Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061239. [PMID: 28598379 PMCID: PMC5486062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of advanced genomic methods, a large amount of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been found to be important for cancer initiation and progression. Given that most of the genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified cancer risk SNPs are located in the noncoding region, the expression and function of lncRNAs are more likely to be affected by the SNPs. The SNPs may affect the expression of lncRNAs directly through disrupting the binding of transcription factors or indirectly by affecting the expression of regulatory factors. Moreover, SNPs may disrupt the interaction between lncRNAs and other RNAs or proteins. Unveiling the relationship of lncRNA, protein-coding genes, transcription factors and miRNAs from the angle of genomics will improve the accuracy of disease prediction and help find new therapeutic targets.
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16
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Min HY, Lee SC, Woo JK, Jung HJ, Park KH, Jeong HM, Hyun SY, Cho J, Lee W, Park JE, Kwon SJ, Lee HJ, Ni X, Shin YK, Johnson FM, Duvic M, Lee HY. Essential Role of DNA Methyltransferase 1-mediated Transcription of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 in Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1299-1311. [PMID: 27582487 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) are promising anticancer therapies; however, drug resistance limits their efficacy. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying HDI resistance, focusing on the mechanism of HDI-mediated induction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) based on our previous study.Experimental Design: The methylation status of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites in the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) were determined by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The effectiveness of single or combinatorial blockade of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) was evaluated using cell viability assay and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model.Results: HDAC inhibition by vorinostat increased acetylated STAT3 (K685), resulting in transcriptional upregulation of DNMT1 DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of CTCF-binding sites in the IGF2/H19 ICR decreased CTCF insulator activity, leading to a transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 and activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway in cells with acquired or de novo vorinostat resistance. Strategies targeting DNMT1 diminished the IGF2 expression and potentiated vorinostat sensitivity in preclinical models of lung cancer with hypermethylation in the H19/IGF2 ICR. The degree of ICR hypermethylation correlated with vorinostat resistance in patient-derived lung tumors and in patients with hematologic malignancies.Conclusions: DNMT1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 is a novel mechanism of resistance to HDIs, highlighting the role of epigenetic deregulation of IGF2 in HDI resistance and the potential value of the H19/IGF2 ICR hypermethylation and DNMT1 expression as predictive biomarkers in HDI-based anticancer therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1299-311. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Woo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Boot A, Oosting J, de Miranda NFCC, Zhang Y, Corver WE, van de Water B, Morreau H, van Wezel T. Imprinted survival genes preclude loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 7 in cancer cells. J Pathol 2016; 240:72-83. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Noel FCC de Miranda
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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Essential role of insulin-like growth factor 2 in resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Oncogene 2016; 35:5515-5526. [PMID: 27086926 PMCID: PMC5069101 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs) are promising anticancer therapies and have been clinically used for the treatment of hematological malignancy. However, their efficacy in solid tumors is marginal and drug resistance hampers their further clinical utility. To develop novel strategies for the HDI-based anticancer therapeutics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance to HDI treatment in NSCLC cells. We show the STAT3-mediated IGF2/IGF-1R signaling cascade as a key modulator for both acquired and primary HDI resistance. The treatment with HDI upregulated IGF2 transcription in NSCLC cells carrying intrinsic or acquired drug resistance via direct binding of STAT3 in IGF2 P3 and P4 promoters. Acetylated STAT3 emerged upon HDAC inhibition was protected from the proteasome-mediated degradation of STAT3 and functioned as a direct transcription factor for IGF2 expression. Genomic or pharmacological strategies targeting STAT3 diminished the HDI-induced IGF2 mRNA expression and overcame the resistance to HDI treatment in HDI-resistant NSCLC- or patient-derived tumor xenograft models. These findings provide new insights into the role of acetylated STAT3-mediated activation of IGF2 transcription in HDI resistance, suggesting IGF2 or STAT3 as novel targets to overcome HDI resistance in NSCLC.
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Lambert MP, Ancey PB, Esposti DD, Cros MP, Sklias A, Scoazec JY, Durantel D, Hernandez-Vargas H, Herceg Z. Aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in hepatocellular carcinoma and after in vitro exposure to common risk factors. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:15. [PMID: 25755686 PMCID: PMC4353474 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequent human malignancies and a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is characterized by late detection and fast progression, and it is believed that epigenetic disruption may be one of the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies from our group revealed that HCC tumors exhibit specific DNA methylation signatures associated with major risk factors and tumor progression. Imprinted genes are mono-allelically expressed in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner and have been suggested to be more susceptible to deregulation in cancer. To test this notion, we performed a targeted analysis of DNA methylation in known imprinted genes, using HCC samples and in vitro models of carcinogenic exposure. RESULTS Analysis of HCC DNA methylation in two independent datasets showed that differentially methylated loci are significantly enriched in imprinted genes. Most of the promoters of imprinted genes were found hypomethylated in HCC tumors compared to surrounding tissues, contrasting with the frequent promoter hypermethylation observed in tumors. We next investigated the status of methylation of the imprinting control region (ICR) of different imprinted clusters and found that the 15q11-13 ICR was significantly hypomethylated in tumors relative to their surrounding tissues. In addition, expression of imprinted genes within this cluster was frequently deregulated in a gene-specific manner, suggesting distinct mechanisms of regulation in this region. Finally, primary human hepatocytes and hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells displayed higher methylation variability in certain imprinted loci after natural hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and after lipid accumulation, respectively. CONCLUSION The methylation status of a large panel of imprinted genes was found deregulated in HCC, suggesting a major role of this mechanism during hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro models support the hypothesis of imprinted gene methylation as a potential marker of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Lambert
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
- />Current address: Epissage alternatif et progression tumorale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Benoit Ancey
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Davide Degli Esposti
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Athena Sklias
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- />Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - David Durantel
- />INSERM U871, Molecular physiopathology and new treatments of viral hepatitis, Centre de recherche en cancérologie (CRCL), 151 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- />Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
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Nishihara R, Wang M, Qian ZR, Baba Y, Yamauchi M, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Kim SA, Inamura K, Zhang X, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Schernhammer ES. Alcohol, one-carbon nutrient intake, and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor methylation level of IGF2 differentially methylated region. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1479-88. [PMID: 25411283 PMCID: PMC4232016 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a higher consumption of alcohol, which is a methyl-group antagonist, was previously associated with colorectal cancer risk, mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that excess alcohol consumption might increase risk of colorectal carcinoma with hypomethylation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) differentially methylated region-0 (DMR0), which was previously associated with a worse prognosis. DESIGN With the use of a molecular pathologic epidemiology database in 2 prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we examined the association between alcohol intake and incident colorectal cancer according to the tumor methylation level of IGF2 DMR0. Duplication-method Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression for competing risk data were used to compute HRs and 95% CIs. In addition, we investigated intakes of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, methionine, and folate as exposures. RESULTS During 3,206,985 person-years of follow-up, we identified 993 rectal and colon cancer cases with an available tumor DNA methylation status. Compared with no alcohol consumption, the consumption of ≥15 g alcohol/d was associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer with lower levels of IGF2 DMR0 methylation [within the first and second quartiles: HRs of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.24) and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.44, 3.07), respectively]. By contrast, alcohol consumption was not associated with cancer with higher levels of IGF2 DMR0 methylation. The association between alcohol and cancer risk differed significantly by IGF2 DMR0 methylation level (P-heterogeneity = 0.006). The association of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate intakes with cancer risk did not significantly differ according to IGF2 DMR0 methylation level (P-heterogeneity > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Higher alcohol consumption was associated with risk of colorectal cancer with IGF2 DMR0 hypomethylation but not risk of cancer with high-level IGF2 DMR0 methylation. The association between alcohol intake and colorectal cancer risk may differ by tumor epigenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nishihara
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Molin Wang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Kosuke Mima
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Sun A Kim
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Kana Wu
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Andrew T Chan
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Shuji Ogino
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RN, ZRQ, MY, KM, YS, SAK, KI, CSF, and SO); the Departments of Nutrition (RN, KW, and ELG), Epidemiology (MW, ELG, SO, and ESS), and Biostatistics (MW), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MW, XZ, KW, ELG, ATC, CSF, and ESS); the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (YB); the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (ATC); and Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna, Vienna, Austria (ESS)
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Zhang M, Wu CH, Zhu XL, Wang YJ. Loss of Imprinting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 is Associated with Increased Risk of Primary Lung Cancer in the Central China Region. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7799-803. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ozaki S, Kawahara E, Maenaka S, Hoang NV, Oyama T, Imai M, Oda M, Yano S. Distinct allelic expression patterns of imprinted IGF2 in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2561-2564. [PMID: 25364428 PMCID: PMC4214443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) is an imprinting gene, which mediates cell growth and apoptosis. The loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 has been associated with the development of cancer. In the present study, loss LOI of IGF2 in lung cancer was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in combination with DNA sequencing of samples collected by laser capture microdissection. The status of each sample was assigned as imprinting when PCR-RFLP revealed only one band or sequence with a single peak; otherwise, the case was classified as LOI. LOI was identified in eight out of 13 adenocarcinoma cases (62%), but was not detected in any of the nine squamous cell carcinoma cases (0%). These results suggest that IGF2 LOI is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma, but not squamous cell carcinoma, and that LOI may be detected through increased IGF2 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ozaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Ei Kawahara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Shiori Maenaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Nguyen Viet Hoang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Takeru Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Miwa Imai
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa 929-1212, Japan
| | - Makoto Oda
- Department of Lung Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Cancer Research Institute, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Molecular profiles of non-small cell lung cancers in cigarette smoking and never-smoking patients. Adv Med Sci 2014; 58:196-206. [PMID: 24451080 DOI: 10.2478/ams-2013-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in never-smokers are not well recognized. We assessed the expression of genes potentially related to lung cancer etiology in smoking vs. never-smoking NSCLC patients. METHODS We assayed frozen tumor samples from surgically resected 31 never-smoking and 54 clinically pair-matched smoking NSCLC patients, and from corresponding normal lung tissue from 27 and 43 patients, respectively. Expression of 21 genes, including cell membrane kinases, sex hormone receptors, transcription factors, growth factors and others was assessed by reverse transcription - quantitative PCR. RESULTS Expression of 5 genes was significantly higher in tumors of non-smokers vs. smokers: CSF1R (p<0.0001), RRAD (p<0.0001), PR (p=0.0004), TGFBR2 (p=0.0027) and EPHB6 (p=0.0033). Expression of AKR1B10 (p<0.0001), CDKN2A (p<0.0001), CHRNA6 (p<0.0001), SOX9 (p<0.0001), survivin (p<0.0001) and ER2 (p=0.002) was significantly higher in tumors compared to normal lung tissue. Expression of AR (p<0.0001), EPHB6 (p<0.0001), PR (p<0.0001), TGFBR2 (p<0.0001), TGFBR3 (p<0.0001), ER1 (p=0.0006) and DLG1 (p=0.0016) was significantly lower in tumors than in normal lung tissue. Expression of IGF2 was higher in tumors than in healthy lung tissue in never-smokers (p=0.003), and expression of AHR (p<0.0001), CSF1R (p<0.0001) and RRAD (p<0.0001) was lower in tumors than in healthy lung tissue in smokers. CONCLUSION Expression of several genes in NSCLC is strongly related to smoking history. Lower expression of PR and higher expression of ER2 in tumors suggests a possibility of hormonal therapeutic intervention in selected NSCLC patients. Distinct molecular features of NSCLC in never-smokers, e.g. CHRNA6 upregulation, may prompt new treatment strategies.
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Anwar SL, Krech T, Hasemeier B, Schipper E, Schweitzer N, Vogel A, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. Deregulation of RB1 expression by loss of imprinting in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pathol 2014; 233:392-401. [PMID: 24838394 DOI: 10.1002/path.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene RB1 is frequently silenced in many different types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, mutations of the RB1 gene are relatively rare in HCC. A systematic screen for the identification of imprinted genes deregulated in human HCC revealed that RB1 shows imprint abnormalities in a high proportion of primary patient samples. Altogether, 40% of the HCC specimens (16/40) showed hyper- or hypomethylation at the CpG island in intron 2 of the RB1 gene. Re-analysis of publicly available genome-wide DNA methylation data confirmed these findings in two independent HCC cohorts. Loss of correct DNA methylation patterns at the RB1 locus leads to the aberrant expression of an alternative RB1-E2B transcript, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Demethylation at the intron 2 CpG island by DNMT1 knock-down or aza-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment stimulated expression of the RB1-E2B transcript, accompanied by diminished RB1 main transcript expression. No aberrant DNA methylation was found at the RB1 locus in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA, n = 10), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH, n = 5) and their corresponding adjacent liver tissue specimens. Deregulated RB1 expression due to hyper- or hypomethylation in intron 2 of the RB1 gene is found in tumours without loss of heterozygosity and is associated with a decrease in overall survival (p = 0.032) if caused by hypermethylation of CpG85. This unequivocally demonstrates that loss of imprinting represents an important additional mechanism for RB1 pathway inactivation in human HCC, complementing well-described molecular defects.
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Yang J, Lin J, Liu T, Chen T, Pan S, Huang W, Li S. Analysis of lncRNA expression profiles in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and their clinical subtypes. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:110-5. [PMID: 24906504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common human cancers worldwide. Among all lung cancer cases, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85%. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts that have been shown to play important roles in tumourigenesis and tumor progression. To reveal novel tumor-related lncRNAs in NSCLC and their associations with clinical subtypes, we herein identified 2935 probe sets mapped to lncRNAs on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array with an lncRNA classification pipeline. We found 47 lncRNAs differentially expressed between normal lung tissues and tumor samples and 19 lncRNAs differed in expression between SCC and AC, two subtypes of NSCLC, after analyses of the gene expression profiles of five datasets downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) with a leave one dataset out validation process. The different lncRNA expression profiles between NSCLC and normal tissue and between the subtypes of NSCLC may have potential implications in the pathogenesis of this cancer. lncRNAs screening may be beneficial in the diagnosis, subclassification, and the personalized treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Management Information System, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, China
| | - Shangling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Cao H, Jin C, Huang D, Liu C, Sun D, Tan C, Zhu X, Fei Y. Changes in serum IGF-1 level and tumor VEGF expression in mice with colorectal cancer under hyperglycemic conditions. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1361-5. [PMID: 23446884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the growth of transplanted tumors in mice with colorectal cancer (CRC) under hyperglycemic conditions and to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these tumors. The study also aimed to observe the changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and to determine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was a risk factor for the progression and development of CRC. A mouse model of a transplanted colorectal tumor with T2DM was established to observe the changes in volume and size of the transplanted tumor. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week to determine the serum IGF-1 level and VEGF expression in the tumor tissues. The tumor volume (1628.5 ± 882 mm3) in the CRC-DM group was larger than that in the CRC group (1950.2 ± 726 mm3; P<0.05). The serum IGF-1 level (105.33 ± 32.32 ng/ml) was higher than that in the normal (69.83 ± 25.57 ng/ml) and CRC groups (70.17 ± 25.27 ng/ml; P<0.05). The VEGF expression in the tumor tissues of the CRC-DM group(70.0 ± 11.5%) was higher than that in the CRC group (42.9 ± 7.5%; P<0.05). T2DM may be one of the causes for the promotion of CRC growth and its mechanism may be correlated with the increased IGF-1 action observed in the blood that induces VEGF gene transcription, upregulates VEGF expression, causes tumor angiogenesis and thus leads to the occurrence and metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
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Kazuki Y, Kobayashi K, Aueviriyavit S, Oshima T, Kuroiwa Y, Tsukazaki Y, Senda N, Kawakami H, Ohtsuki S, Abe S, Takiguchi M, Hoshiya H, Kajitani N, Takehara S, Kubo K, Terasaki T, Chiba K, Tomizuka K, Oshimura M. Trans-chromosomic mice containing a human CYP3A cluster for prediction of xenobiotic metabolism in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:578-92. [PMID: 23125282 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CYP3A is the most abundant P450 isozyme present in the human liver and small intestine, and metabolizes around 50% of medical drugs on the market. The human CYP3A subfamily comprises four members (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP3A43) encoded on human chromosome 7. However, transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human CYP3A cluster have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques. Here, we show that the introduction of a human artificial chromosome (HAC) containing the entire genomic human CYP3A locus recapitulates tissue- and stage-specific expression of human CYP3A genes and xenobiotic metabolism in mice. About 700 kb of the entire CYP3A genomic segment was cloned into a HAC (CYP3A-HAC), and trans-chromosomic (Tc) mice carrying a single copy of germline-transmittable CYP3A-HAC were generated via a chromosome-engineering technique. The tissue- and stage-specific expression profiles of CYP3A genes were consistent with those seen in humans. We further generated mice carrying the CYP3A-HAC in the background homozygous for targeted deletion of most endogenous Cyp3a genes. In this mouse strain with 'fully humanized' CYP3A genes, the kinetics of triazolam metabolism, CYP3A-mediated mechanism-based inactivation effects and formation of fetal-specific metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone observed in humans were well reproduced. Thus, these mice are likely to be valuable in evaluating novel drugs metabolized by CYP3A enzymes and in studying the regulation of human CYP3A gene expression. Furthermore, this system can also be used for generating Tc mice carrying other human metabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Enfield KSS, Pikor LA, Martinez VD, Lam WL. Mechanistic Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Biology and Their Clinical Implications. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:737416. [PMID: 22852089 PMCID: PMC3407615 DOI: 10.1155/2012/737416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer biology has traditionally focused on genomic and epigenomic deregulation of protein-coding genes to identify oncogenes and tumor suppressors diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Another important layer of cancer biology has emerged in the form of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are major regulators of key cellular processes such as proliferation, RNA splicing, gene regulation, and apoptosis. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have moved to the forefront of ncRNA cancer research, while the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is emerging. Here we review the mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs are deregulated in lung cancer, the technologies that can be applied to detect such alterations, and the clinical potential of these RNA species. An improved comprehension of lung cancer biology will come through the understanding of the interplay between deregulation of non-coding RNAs, the protein-coding genes they regulate, and how these interactions influence cellular networks and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey S. S. Enfield
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
| | - Larissa A. Pikor
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
| | - Victor D. Martinez
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T2B5
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z1L3
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T2B5
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Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation in lung adenocarcinoma and integration with mRNA expression. Genome Res 2012; 22:1197-211. [PMID: 22613842 PMCID: PMC3396362 DOI: 10.1101/gr.132662.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and adenocarcinoma is its most common histological subtype. Clinical and molecular evidence indicates that lung adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, which has important implications for treatment. Here we performed genome-scale DNA methylation profiling using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 platform on 59 matched lung adenocarcinoma/non-tumor lung pairs, with genome-scale verification on an independent set of tissues. We identified 766 genes showing altered DNA methylation between tumors and non-tumor lung. By integrating DNA methylation and mRNA expression data, we identified 164 hypermethylated genes showing concurrent down-regulation, and 57 hypomethylated genes showing increased expression. Integrated pathways analysis indicates that these genes are involved in cell differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, RAS and WNT signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation, among others. Comparison of DNA methylation profiles between lung adenocarcinomas of current and never-smokers showed modest differences, identifying only LGALS4 as significantly hypermethylated and down-regulated in smokers. LGALS4, encoding a galactoside-binding protein involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Unsupervised analysis of the DNA methylation data identified two tumor subgroups, one of which showed increased DNA methylation and was significantly associated with KRAS mutation and to a lesser extent, with smoking. Our analysis lays the groundwork for further molecular studies of lung adenocarcinoma by identifying novel epigenetically deregulated genes potentially involved in lung adenocarcinoma development/progression, and by describing an epigenetic subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma associated with characteristic molecular alterations.
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Ineson J, Stayner C, Hazlett J, Slobbe L, Robson E, Legge M, Eccles MR. Somatic reactivation of expression of the silent maternal Mest allele and acquisition of normal reproductive behaviour in a colony of Peg1/Mest mutant mice. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:490-500. [PMID: 22522229 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting confers allele-specific expression in less than 1% of genes, in a parent-of-origin specific fashion. In humans and mice the Peg1/Mest gene (Mest) is maternally repressed, and paternally expressed. Mest is expressed in embryogenic mesoderm-derived tissues and in adult brain, and paternal mutations in Mest lead to growth retardation and defective maternal behaviour. Despite our current understanding of mechanisms associated with the establishment of imprinting of Mest and other imprinted genes, it is unclear to what extent Mest imprinting needs to be maintained in adult tissues. Aberrations of imprinting are known to occur in certain rare syndromes, and involve either inherited mutations, or constitutive epigenetic alterations occurring soon after fertilization. Imprinting abnormalities may also occur in the aging somatic tissues of adult individuals. Here we report an occurrence of post-embryonic somatic variability of Mest allelic expression in a colony of mice where heterozygotes at the imprinted Mest locus for a mutation inherited from the father spontaneously expressed the normally silenced allele from the mother. In addition, a newly acquired ability to overcome the deficit in maternal reproductive behaviour had occurred in the mutant mice, but this appeared not to be directly linked to the Mest mutation. Our results suggest that at least one allele of Mest expression is required in the somatic tissues of adult individuals and that under certain conditions (such as in the presence of a Mest insertional mutation or in an altered genetic background), somatically acquired alterations of allelic expression at the Mest locus may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ineson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Schrump DS. Targeting epigenetic mediators of gene expression in thoracic malignancies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:836-45. [PMID: 22507242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal cancers and malignant pleural mesotheliomas are highly lethal neoplasms that are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Presently, limited information is available pertaining to epigenetic mechanisms mediating initiation and progression of these neoplasms. The following presentation will focus on the potential clinical relevance of epigenomic alterations in thoracic malignancies mediated by DNA methylation, perturbations in the histone code, and polycomb group proteins, as well as ongoing translational efforts to target epigenetic regulators of gene expression for treatment of these neoplasms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Schrump
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rm. 4-3940, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1201, Bethesda, MD 20892-1201, USA.
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Smith AC, Suzuki M, Thompson R, Choufani S, Higgins MJ, Chiu IW, Squire JA, Greally JM, Weksberg R. Maternal gametic transmission of translocations or inversions of human chromosome 11p15.5 results in regional DNA hypermethylation and downregulation of CDKN1C expression. Genomics 2011; 99:25-35. [PMID: 22079941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome associated with genetic or epigenetic alterations in one of two imprinted domains on chromosome 11p15.5. Rarely, chromosomal translocations or inversions of chromosome 11p15.5 are associated with BWS but the molecular pathophysiology in such cases is not understood. In our series of 3 translocation and 2 inversion patients with BWS, the chromosome 11p15.5 breakpoints map within the centromeric imprinted domain, 2. We hypothesized that either microdeletions/microduplications adjacent to the breakpoints could disrupt genomic sequences important for imprinted gene regulation. An alternate hypothesis was that epigenetic alterations of as yet unknown regulatory DNA sequences, result in the BWS phenotype. A high resolution Nimblegen custom microarray was designed representing all non-repetitive sequences in the telomeric 33 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 11. For the BWS-associated chromosome 11p15.5 translocations and inversions, we found no evidence of microdeletions/microduplications. DNA methylation was also tested on this microarray using the HpaII tiny fragment enrichment by ligation-mediated PCR (HELP) assay. This high-resolution DNA methylation microarray analysis revealed a gain of DNA methylation in the translocation/inversion patients affecting the p-ter segment of chromosome 11p15, including both imprinted domains. BWS patients that inherited a maternal translocation or inversion also demonstrated reduced expression of the growth suppressing imprinted gene, CDKN1C in Domain 2. In summary, our data demonstrate that translocations and inversions involving imprinted domain 2 on chromosome 11p15.5, alter regional DNA methylation patterns and imprinted gene expression in cis, suggesting that these epigenetic alterations are generated by an alteration in "chromatin context".
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Smith
- Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre, 600 W 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4E6
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Wilop S, Fernandez AF, Jost E, Herman JG, Brümmendorf TH, Esteller M, Galm O. Array-based DNA methylation profiling in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 155:65-72. [PMID: 21790528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation in the promoter region of many genes is involved in regulating gene expression patterns. Using the Illumina GoldenGate© methylation assay, we examined the methylation status of 1505 CpG-sites from 807 genes in 32 samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) at diagnosis, nine at relapse and 15 normal controls and performed additional pyrosequencing and semiquantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) of the GNMT promoter in 113 diagnostic AML samples. We found a gain of overall methylation in AML samples with a further increase at relapse. Regional hypermethylation as assessed by array analysis could be confirmed by both MSP and pyrosequencing. Additionally, large-scale methylation analysis identified interesting candidate genes. Cluster analysis indicated that cytogenetic subgroups seemed to be characterized by additional distinct epigenetic modifications and that basic DNA methylation patterns remain at relapse. Therefore, promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in AML and is accentuated at relapse. Array-based methylation analysis determined distinct methylation profiles for non-malignant controls and AML samples with specific chromosomal aberrations and can identify target genes for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wilop
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitaetsklinikum Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany.
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Lin Z, John G, Hegarty JP, Berg A, Yu W, Wang Y, Kelly AA, Peterson BZ, Poritz LS, Floros J, Koltun WA. Genetic variants and monoallelic expression of surfactant protein-D in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:559-68. [PMID: 21790524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is expressed on mucosal surfaces and functions in the innate immune response to microorganisms. We studied the genetic association of the two nonsynonymous SP-D single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs721917 and rs2243639 in 256 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases (123 CD and 133 UC) and 376 unrelated healthy individuals from an IBD population from Central Pennsylvania. Case-control analysis revealed a significant association of rs2243639 with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) (p= 0.0036), but not ulcerative colitis (UC) (p= 0.883), and no association of rs721917 with CD (p= 0.328) or UC (p= 0.218). Using intestinal tissues from 19 individuals heterozygous for each SNP, we compared allelic expression of these two SNPs between diseased and matched normal tissues. rs2243639 exhibited balanced biallelic (BB) expression; while rs721917 exhibited differential allelic expression (BB 37%, imbalanced biallelic [IB] 45%, and dominant monoallelic [DM] 18%). Comparison of allelic expression pattern between diseased and matched normal tissues, 13 of 19 individuals (14 UC, 5 CD) showed a similar pattern. The six patients exhibiting a different pattern were all UC patients. The results suggest that differential allelic expression may affect penetrance of the SNP rs721917 disease-susceptibility allele in IBD. The potential impact of SP-D monoallelic expression on incomplete penetrance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Lin
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung malignancy. METHODS To identify and validate potential DNA methylation markers for risk assessment and disease detection, we examined peripheral blood leukocyte DNA specimens for methylation differences between SCLC cases and controls. We tested 1505 CpG sites using the Illumina Beadchip assay and validated 9 CpG sites using pyrosequencing technology. RESULTS In 44 matched SCLC case-control pairs, we identified significant differences at 62 CpG sites (false discovery rate < or =0.05) in 52 independent genes. Of those, we further determined 43 sites in 36 genes with a mean methylation level difference greater than 0.03 between the cases and controls. We then selected and validated 9 CpG sites for methylation differences in an independent set of 138 matched case-control pairs. The 9 validated CpG sites predicted a higher risk for cases than controls in 85.8% of all pairs of cases and controls, and 2 (in genes CSF3R and ERCC1) jointly contributed most of the discriminating ability. CONCLUSIONS Our replicated results demonstrated feasibility of applying large-scale methylation arrays for biomarker discovery and subsequent validation in peripheral blood DNA. The CpG sites identified in this study may potentially assist in risk prediction and diagnosis of SCLC.
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Lee SH, Appleby V, Jeyapalan JN, Palmer RD, Nicholson JC, Sottile V, Gao E, Coleman N, Scotting PJ. Variable methylation of the imprinted gene, SNRPN, supports a relationship between intracranial germ cell tumours and neural stem cells. J Neurooncol 2010; 101:419-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chari R, Thu KL, Wilson IM, Lockwood WW, Lonergan KM, Coe BP, Malloff CA, Gazdar AF, Lam S, Garnis C, MacAulay CE, Alvarez CE, Lam WL. Integrating the multiple dimensions of genomic and epigenomic landscapes of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:73-93. [PMID: 20108112 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput, genome-wide profiling technologies have allowed for an unprecedented view of the cancer genome landscape. Specifically, high-density microarrays and sequencing-based strategies have been widely utilized to identify genetic (such as gene dosage, allelic status, and mutations in gene sequence) and epigenetic (such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA) aberrations in cancer. Although the application of these profiling technologies in unidimensional analyses has been instrumental in cancer gene discovery, genes affected by low-frequency events are often overlooked. The integrative approach of analyzing parallel dimensions has enabled the identification of (a) genes that are often disrupted by multiple mechanisms but at low frequencies by any one mechanism and (b) pathways that are often disrupted at multiple components but at low frequencies at individual components. These benefits of using an integrative approach illustrate the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. As efforts have now turned toward parallel and integrative multidimensional approaches for studying the cancer genome landscape in hopes of obtaining a more insightful understanding of the key genes and pathways driving cancer cells, this review describes key findings disseminating from such high-throughput, integrative analyses, including contributions to our understanding of causative genetic events in cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Chari
- Genetics Unit - Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Knox SS. From 'omics' to complex disease: a systems biology approach to gene-environment interactions in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:11. [PMID: 20420667 PMCID: PMC2876152 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a complex disease that involves a sequence of gene-environment interactions in a progressive process that cannot occur without dysfunction in multiple systems, including DNA repair, apoptotic and immune functions. Epigenetic mechanisms, responding to numerous internal and external cues in a dynamic ongoing exchange, play a key role in mediating environmental influences on gene expression and tumor development. Hypothesis The hypothesis put forth in this paper addresses the limited success of treatment outcomes in clinical oncology. It states that improvement in treatment efficacy requires a new paradigm that focuses on reversing systemic dysfunction and tailoring treatments to specific stages in the process. It requires moving from a reductionist framework of seeking to destroy aberrant cells and pathways to a transdisciplinary systems biology approach aimed at reversing multiple levels of dysfunction. Conclusion Because there are many biological pathways and multiple epigenetic influences working simultaneously in the expression of cancer phenotypes, studying individual components in isolation does not allow an adequate understanding of phenotypic expression. A systems biology approach using new modeling techniques and nonlinear mathematics is needed to investigate gene-environment interactions and improve treatment efficacy. A broader array of study designs will also be required, including prospective molecular epidemiology, immune competent animal models and in vitro/in vivo translational research that more accurately reflects the complex process of tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Knox
- Program in Clinical and Population Epigenetics, Dept, of Community Medicine West Virginia University School of Medicine, PO Box 9190, Health Science South Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Hu YC, Yang ZH, Zhong KJ, Niu LJ, Pan XJ, Wu DC, Sun XJ, Zhou PK, Zhu MX, Huo YY. Alteration of transcriptional profile in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cigarette smoke condensate. Toxicol Lett 2009; 190:23-31. [PMID: 19559774 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significance of cigarette smoke for carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms that lead to increased susceptibility of human cancers are not well-understood. In our present study, the oncogenic transforming effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were examined using papillomavirus-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEP2D). Growth kinetics, saturation density, resistance to serum-induced terminal differentiation, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice were used to investigate the various stages of transformation in BEP2D cells. Illumina microarray platforms were used to explore the CSC-induced alteration of global mRNA expression profiles of the earlier period and the advanced stage of CSC-treated BEP2D cells. We showed here that a series of sequential steps arose among CSC-treated immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells, including altered growth kinetics, resistance to serum-induced terminal differentiation, and anchorage-independence growth. In the earlier period of CSC treatment, 265 genes were down-regulated and 63 genes were up-regulated, respectively, and in the advanced stage of CSC treatment, 313 genes were down-regulated and 145 genes were up-regulated, respectively. Notably, among those genes, the expression of some of imprinted genes such as IGF2, NDN, H19 and MEG3 were all silenced or down-regulated in CSC-treated cells. These genes reactivated after 5 microM 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment. These results demonstrated that long-term treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with CSC may adversely affect their genetic and epigenetic integrity and lead to further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Hu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China
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Lu Y, Lu P, Zhu Z, Xu H, Zhu X. Loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor 2 is associated with increased risk of lymph node metastasis and gastric corpus cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:125. [PMID: 19737423 PMCID: PMC2753348 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological features of gastric cancers with loss of imprinting (LOI) of LIT1. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 in Chinese patients. Methods DNA and RNA from tumours were amplified and then digested with RsaI, ApaI and HinfI, and RsaI respectively to determine the LOI status. The demographic and clinicopathological characteristics in LOI positive and LOI negative patients were compared and tested with Statistical analysis. Results Of the 89 patients enrolled for analysis, 22, 40 and 35 were heterozygous and thus informative for LIT1, IGF2 and H19 LOI analyses respectively. The positive rate of LIT1, IGF2 and H19 LOI of gastric cancer tissues were 54.6% (12/22), 45% (18/40) and 8.6% (3/32) in Chinese patients. Gastric corpus cancer (8/10, 80%) were more likely to have LOI of IGF2 in tumours than antrum cancers (10/30, 33.3%){odds ratio (OR) = 8, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.425-44.920, p = 0.018)}. LOI of IGF2 in tumours was also associated with the lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.084-18.689, p = 0.038). Conclusion IGF2 LOI is present in high frequency in Chinese gastric cancer patients, especially those with gastric corpus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Research Center for Medicine, China Medical University the Shengjing Hopital, No 36, Sanhao ST, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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Pereira MA, Tao LH, Wang W, Gunning WT, Lubet R. CHEMOPREVENTION: MOUSE COLON AND LUNG TUMOR BIOASSAY AND MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION AS A BIOMARKER. Exp Lung Res 2009; 31:145-63. [PMID: 15824018 DOI: 10.1080/01902140490495534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung and colon tumors were induced in A/J, C3H, and A/J X C3H (AC3) mice by administering 16 mg/kg vinyl carbamate followed by 6 weekly doses of 12 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM). Beginning 1 week after carcinogen treatment, the mice received chemopreventive agents, dexamethasone or piroxicam, at 0.1 and 75 mg/kg in the diet, respectively. Both AOM and vinyl carbamate induces lung tumors, but only AOM induced colon tumors. The strain sensitivity for both colon and lung tumors was A/J > AC3 > C3H mice. Dexamethasone and piroxicam reduced the multiplicity of colon and lung tumors in A/J and AC3 mice, demonstrating the advantage of a combined colon and lung bioassay. The ability of budesonide, a drug that prevents mouse lung tumors, to modulate DNA methylation in vinyl carbamate-induced lung tumors was also determined. Budesonide administered for only 7 days prior to sacrifice caused a dose-dependent (0.6 to 2.4 mg/kg diet) reversal in tumors of DNA hypomethylation and hypomethylation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II gene in the differentially methylated region (DMR) 2 region of exons 4 to 5. Longer treatment with budesonide reversed hypomethylation when administered up to the time of sacrifice. These results indicate that reversal of the hypomethylation of DNA and of specific genes in lung tumors may be applicable as a surrogate end-point biomarker for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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Pak JH, Kim DW, Moon JH, Nam JH, Kim JH, Ju JW, Kim TS, Seo SB. Differential gene expression profiling in human cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with Clonorchis sinensis excretory-secretory products. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:1035-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wiley CD, Matundan HH, Duselis AR, Isaacs AT, Vrana PB. Patterns of hybrid loss of imprinting reveal tissue- and cluster-specific regulation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3572. [PMID: 18958286 PMCID: PMC2570336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crosses between natural populations of two species of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (BW), and P. polionotus (PO), produce parent-of-origin effects on growth and development. BW females mated to PO males (bwxpo) produce growth-retarded but otherwise healthy offspring. In contrast, PO females mated to BW males (POxBW) produce overgrown and severely defective offspring. The hybrid phenotypes are pronounced in the placenta and include POxBW conceptuses which lack embryonic structures. Evidence to date links variation in control of genomic imprinting with the hybrid defects, particularly in the POxBW offspring. Establishment of genomic imprinting is typically mediated by gametic DNA methylation at sites known as gDMRs. However, imprinted gene clusters vary in their regulation by gDMR sequences. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we further assess imprinted gene expression and DNA methylation at different cluster types in order to discern patterns. These data reveal POxBW misexpression at the Kcnq1ot1 and Peg3 clusters, both of which lose ICR methylation in placental tissues. In contrast, some embryonic transcripts (Peg10, Kcnq1ot1) reactivated the silenced allele with little or no loss of DNA methylation. Hybrid brains also display different patterns of imprinting perturbations. Several cluster pairs thought to use analogous regulatory mechanisms are differentially affected in the hybrids. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data reinforce the hypothesis that placental and somatic gene regulation differs significantly, as does that between imprinted gene clusters and between species. That such epigenetic regulatory variation exists in recently diverged species suggests a role in reproductive isolation, and that this variation is likely to be adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Wiley
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Harry H. Matundan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Duselis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Alison T. Isaacs
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Vrana
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Williams C, Rezgui D, Prince SN, Zaccheo OJ, Foulstone EJ, Forbes BE, Norton RS, Crosby J, Hassan AB, Crump MP. Structural insights into the interaction of insulin-like growth factor 2 with IGF2R domain 11. Structure 2007; 15:1065-78. [PMID: 17850746 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor (IGF2R) mediates trafficking of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-containing proteins and the mitogenic hormone IGF2. IGF2R also plays an important role as a tumor suppressor, as mutation is frequently associated with human carcinogenesis. IGF2 binds to domain 11, one of 15 extracellular domains on IGF2R. The crystal structure of domain 11 and the solution structure of IGF2 have been reported, but, to date, there has been limited success when using crystallography to study the interaction of IGFs with their binding partners. As an approach to investigate the interaction between IGF2 and IGF2R, we have used heteronuclear NMR in combination with existing mutagenesis data to derive models of the domain 11-IGF2 complex by using the program HADDOCK. The models reveal that the molecular interaction is driven by critical hydrophobic residues on IGF2 and IGF2R, while a ring of flexible, charged residues on IGF2R may modulate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Williams
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The practice of clinical oncology historically has been rooted in therapy for established cancers, and over the past decade, early detection of the malignancy has occurred increasingly, allowing an increasing chance of cure by surgical intervention. Cancer prevention has been targeted largely to generic reduction of exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as smoking reduction. However, targeted identification of patients at increased risk and therapeutic tailored intervention in those patients have not taken hold in oncology, despite the enormous success of that approach in preventive cardiology. A paradigm of such a strategy for oncology may be the identification of patients with epigenetic alterations in progenitor cells and intervention before the development of the earliest identifiable neoplasms. We review studies of loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor 2 in colorectal cancer as an example of such a target for preventive oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Feinberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Beeghly AC, Katsaros D, Wiley AL, Rigault de la Longrais IA, Prescott AT, Chen H, Puopolo M, Rutherford TJ, Yu H. IGF-II promoter methylation and ovarian cancer prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:713-23. [PMID: 17569086 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene has four promoters that produce distinct transcripts which vary by tissue type and developmental stage. Dysregulation of normal promoter usage has been shown to occur in cancer; DNA methylation regulates promoter use. Thus, we sought to examine if DNA methylation varies among IGF-II promoters in ovarian cancer and if methylation patterns are related to clinical features of the disease. STUDY DESIGN Tumor tissue, clinical data, and follow-up information were collected from 215 patients diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. DNA extracted from tumor tissues was analyzed for IGF-II promoter methylation with seven methylation specific PCR (MSP) assays: three for promoter 2 (P2) and two assays each for promoters 3 and 4 (P3 and P4). RESULTS Methylation was found to vary among the seven assays: 19.3% in P2A, 45.6% in P2B, 50.9% in P2C, 48.4% in P3A, 13.1% in P3B, 5.1% in P4A, and 6.1% in P4B. Methylation in any of the three P2 assays was associated with high tumor grade (P = 0.043), suboptimal debulking (P = 0.036), and disease progression [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.74]. When comparing promoter methylation patterns, differential methylation of P2 and P3 was found to be associated with disease prognosis; patients with P3 but not P2 methylation were less likely to have disease progression (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.91) compared to patients with P2 but not P3 methylation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that methylation varies among three IGF-II promoters in ovarian cancer and that this variation seems to have biologic implications as it relates to clinical features and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Beeghly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
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Xu H, Bourne PA, Spaulding BO, Wang HL. High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung express K homology domain containing protein overexpressed in cancer but carcinoid tumors do not. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:555-63. [PMID: 17316760 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
K homology domain containing protein overexpressed in cancer (KOC) is a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) messenger RNA-binding protein family and is expressed during embryogenesis and in certain malignancies. KOC, known as L523S and IGF messenger RNA-binding protein 3, was shown to be frequently expressed in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung in our immunohistochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody against human KOC. Specifically, all 10 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) exhibited strong cytoplasmic staining, 9 with diffuse positivity and 1 with focal positivity. Among 14 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), 9 exhibited strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining, and 5 cases showed focal immunoreactivity. In contrast, no KOC was detected in 21 typical and atypical carcinoids, except for one atypical carcinoid with oncocytic cells showing weak cytoplasmic staining. Although SCLCs exhibited a strong and diffuse staining pattern more frequently (90%) than LCNECs (64%), the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .3408). Interestingly, our immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that IGF-II, reportedly regulated by KOC, was comparably expressed in SCLC, LCNEC, and typical and atypical carcinoids, irrespective of KOC expression status of the tumors. These results support the formulation that KOC may play an important role in the regulation of biologic behavior of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. In addition, detection of KOC expression may be diagnostically useful in distinguishing high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas from carcinoid tumors. Our findings of equivalent IGF-II expression in KOC-positive SCLC and LCNEC and KOC-negative carcinoid tumors suggest different regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of IGF-II expression in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Abstract
Imprinting is defined as the parental allele-specific expression of a very limited set of genes (about 50-80). This regulation depends upon an epigenetic marking of parental alleles during gametogenesis. Monoallelic expression ensures that the levels of the proteins encoded by imprinted genes, important factors of embryonic growth, placental growth or adult metabolism, are assured. Without precise control of their expression, developmental abnormalities result, as is shown by a number of hereditary over-growth syndromes, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The regulation of imprinted genes is largely dependent on methylation marks, which are laid down during embryological development of germ cells. Once in place, the methylation status of precise chromosomal regions, Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs), is read by either of two mechanisms, chromatin barrier formation or untranslated RNAs, thereby ensuring that only the maternal or paternal allele is expressed. Each imprinted gene is classified as maternal or paternal according to the expressed allele. The stability of the marked regions in somatic cells is maintained through each cellular replication by a methylation enzyme complex containing Dnmt1. Although the major reading mechanisms of imprinted status are known, chromatin boundary formation by CTCF and untranslated RNAs, the molecules elaborating the initial ICR methylation, are just being uncovered. Mis-regulation of imprinted gene expression (loss of imprinting [LOI]) is seen frequently and precociously in a large variety of human tumours, making LOI a potentially valuable tool for both diagnosis and treatment. In fact, LOI is presently considered the most abundant and most precocious alteration in cancer. The present review proposes a mechanism responsible for LOI, as well as its eventual value in tumour diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jelinic
- Division of Experimental Pathology, University Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Prince SN, Foulstone EJ, Zaccheo OJ, Williams C, Hassan AB. Functional evaluation of novel soluble insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II–specific ligand traps based on modified domain 11 of the human IGF2 receptor. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:607-17. [PMID: 17308058 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligands transported by the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II receptor (IGF2R) include IGF-II- and mannose 6-phosphate-modified proteins. Increased extracellular supply of IGF-II, either secondary to loss of the clearance function of IGF2R, loss of IGF binding protein function, or increased IGF2 gene expression, can lead to embryonic overgrowth and cancer promotion. Reduced supply of IGF-II is detrimental to tumor growth, and this suggests that gain of function of IGF-II is a molecular target for human cancer therapy. Domain 11 of IGF2R binds IGF-II with high specificity and affinity. Mutagenesis studies have shown that substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at residue 1554 results in a 6-fold higher affinity for IGF-II (20.5 nmol/L) than native domain 11 (119 nmol/L). Here, we generate a novel high-affinity IGF-II ligand trap by fusion of mutated human 11(E1554K) to a COOH-terminal human IgG1 Fc domain (11(E1554K)-Fc). The resulting homodimer has a significantly increased affinity for IGF-II (1.79 nmol/L) when measured by surface plasmon resonance. IGF-II signaling via the IGF-I receptor and the proliferative effect of IGF-II were specifically inhibited by 11(E1554K)-Fc in both HaCaT and Igf2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These data confirm that a novel engineered and soluble IGF2R-11(E1554K)-Fc protein functions as an IGF-II-specific and high-affinity ligand trap in vitro and that this protein has potential application as an IGF-II antagonist for cancer therapy following in vivo experimental evaluation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation
- Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development
- Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/physiology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Pichia/chemistry
- Pichia/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Fc/genetics
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Thymidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Prince
- Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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Kamei Y, Suganami T, Kohda T, Ishino F, Yasuda K, Miura S, Ezaki O, Ogawa Y. Peg1/Mestin obese adipose tissue is expressed from the paternal allele in an isoform-specific manner. FEBS Lett 2006; 581:91-6. [PMID: 17182038 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Paternally expressed 1 (Peg1)/mesoderm specific transcript (Mest) is an imprinted gene, which is only transcribed from the paternal (father's) allele. In some human cancer tissues, an alternatively spliced variant of PEG1/MEST mRNA using a different promoter of a distinct first exon is expressed from both paternal and maternal alleles. We previously reported that Peg1/Mest expression was markedly up-regulated in obese adipose tissue in mice. Moreover, transgenic overexpression of Peg1/Mest in the adipose tissue resulted in the enlargement of adipocytes in size. Given the potential pathophysiologic relevance in obesity, we examined the nature of increased expression of Peg1/Mest in obese adipose tissue. In obese adipose tissue, expression of Peg1/Mest was increased, but not that of other imprinted genes tested. The transcription rate of Peg1/Mest was increased in obese adipose tissue. We found at least four isoforms of mouse Peg1/Mest generated by use of the alternative first exons. We also demonstrated that the abundantly expressed Peg1/Mest in obese adipose tissue retained monoallelic expression. This is the first report of monoallelic induction of Peg1/Mest in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomi Kamei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo, Japan.
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