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Rodosy FB, Azad MAK, Halder SK, Limon MBH, Jaman S, Lata NA, Sarker M, Riya AI. The potential of phytochemicals against epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRK): an insight from molecular dynamic simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2482-2493. [PMID: 37154806 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2207656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an umbrella term used to define various diseases with abnormal cell proliferation at the focal point. According to the WHO, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, with lung cancer being the second most common perpetrator after breast cancer. There are several proteins acting in harmony that lead to cancer. EGFR has been identified as one of the proteins that is linked to cell division, even when it is cancerous in nature. Cancer can be treated using therapeutic agents that target EGFR or their signaling networks. Available drugs that could inhibit EGFR have acquired resistance in most cases and multiple side effects on the human body. That is why phytochemicals are being studied for their role in this case. Around 8000 compounds were retrieved from our previously created phytochemdb database for their drug activity, and the 3D protein structure was collected from the protein data bank. The selected dataset of ligands was virtually screened through HTVS, SP, and XP to retain the top 4 hits. Molecular dynamics revealed the stability and flexibility of protein-(selected)ligand interactions. The non-bond interactions of each of the compounds with EGFR, such as Gossypetin interacting with active site MET769 and ASP831; Muxiangrine III interacting with MET769 and ASP831; Quercetagetin showing non-bonded interactions with GLU738, GLN767, and MET769 for >100% of the simulation timeframe These findings suggest further research into these compounds, which can yield a potential phytochemical drug against cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabliha Bashashat Rodosy
- Department of Microbiology, Bhashasoinik Gaziul Haque Institute of Bioscience, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Foy's Lake, Bangladesh
| | - Sajal Kumar Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar university, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadia Jaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nure Asma Lata
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohua Sarker
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ananna Islam Riya
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Luo X, Zheng Y, Bao YR, Wang S, Li TJ, Leng JP, Meng XS. Potential effects of fructus aurantii ethanol extracts against colitis-associated carcinogenesis through coordination of Notch/NF-κB/IL-1 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113278. [PMID: 35709655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is the colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype that is difficult to treat, and shows high mortality. The consumption of flavonoid-rich fructus aurantii extracts (FAE) has been associated with multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, but the potential effects on the colitis-associated carcinogenesis have not been thoroughly investigated. Recent clinical data show that, as yet, few agents clearly inhibited CRC development in long-standing inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we identified that FAE showed significant efficiency to inhibit HT-29 cell proliferation. The potential of FAE in vivo was further evaluated in an AOM/DSS-induced CAC mouse model. Intriguingly, FAE diminished the number of polyps in mice. Furthermore, FAE inhibited CAC by regulating the gene expression of Notch/ NF-κB/IL-1 signaling pathways. Collectively, these results were indicative of FAE has great potential in CAC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yong-Rui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Peng Leng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian 116600, China; Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China.
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Zhong R, Farag MA, Chen M, He C, Xiao J. Recent advances in the biosynthesis, structure–activity relationships, formulations, pharmacology, and clinical trials of fisetin. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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Zhu Y, Shuai W, Zhao M, Pan X, Pei J, Wu Y, Bu F, Wang A, Ouyang L, Wang G. Unraveling the Design and Discovery of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential in Human Diseases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3758-3775. [PMID: 35200035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, are encoded by three genes: jnk1, jnk2, and jnk3. JNKs are involved in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancers. Therefore, JNKs have become important therapeutic targets. Many JNK inhibitors have been discovered, and some have been introduced into clinical trials. However, the study of isoform-selective JNK inhibitors is still a challenging task. To further develop novel JNK inhibitors with clinical value, a comprehensive understanding of JNKs and their corresponding inhibitors is required. In this Perspective, we introduced the JNK signaling pathways and reviewed different chemical types of JNK inhibitors, focusing on their structure-activity relationships and biological activities. The challenges and strategies for the development of JNK inhibitors are also discussed. It is hoped that this Perspective will provide valuable references for the development of novel selective JNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Faqian Bu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Arciniegas A, Gómez-Vidales V, Pérez-Castorena AL, Nieto-Camacho A, Villaseñor JL, Romo de Vivar A. Recognition of antioxidants and photosensitizers in Dyssodia pinnata by EPR spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:252-261. [PMID: 31433543 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies report the isolation mainly of terthiophene derivatives and flavonoids from Dyssodia species. Terthiophenes are known as photosensitizers by their capacity to generate singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), and flavonoid antioxidant activity is recognized. These opposite properties could represent interesting options in photodynamic therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the antioxidant and photosensitizer activities of extracts and isolates of Dyssodia pinnata by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). METHODOLOGY Extracts and isolates were evaluated as antioxidants by the interactions with copper ion (Cu2+ ) observed in EPR, and by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Their abilities as 1 O2 producers were also estimated by EPR. RESULTS Terthiophenes were obtained from hexane (DPH) and acetone (DPA) extracts, and flavonoids from DPA and methanol (DPM) extracts. The interaction with Cu2+ of extracts and isolated compounds of Dyssodia pinnata showed two effects in EPR: reduction and chelation; flavonoids exhibited both effects, while terthiophenes showed only reduction. DPA, DPM, and flavonoids were active in DPPH and TBARS assays. Quercetagetin-7-O-β-glucoside showed the highest antioxidant and chelating activities, 3-glycosidated flavonoids were less active. Upon irradiation extracts and terthiophenes induced 1 O2 formation. CONCLUSION Flavonoid reducing activity on Cu2+ and free radical scavenging capacity were related to the number of hydroxy groups and to the conjugation between the B and C rings. All tested flavonols showed a major complex with Cu2+ , with the most probable site of chelation between the 5-hydroxy and 4-oxo groups. Extracts and terthiophene derivatives showed photosensitizer activity. Thus, EPR is useful to evaluate free radical scavenging and pro-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Arciniegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Virginia Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana-L Pérez-Castorena
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José L Villaseñor
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Romo de Vivar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Nie JY, Li R, Wang Y, Tan J, Tang SH, Jiang ZT. Antioxidant activity evaluation of rosemary ethanol extract and their cellular antioxidant activity toward HeLa cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12851. [PMID: 31353697 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary ethanol extract (REE) from Rosmarinus officinalis was identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS and 12 compounds were found. Among them, rosmarinic acid (389.78 μg/mg in REE), luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide (325.58 μg/mg), luteolin-5-O-glucuronide (120.92 μg/mg), and geniposide (120.83 μg/mg) are the major components. The antioxidant activity evaluation of REE by off-line HPLC methods indicated that among the 12 compounds, rosmarinic acid had the strongest scavenging activities in both DPPH· and ·OH. The cytotoxicity experiment showed that REE with the concentration ranges from 1 to 100 µg/ml did not significantly affect the cell viability of HeLa, while inhibitory rate reduced to 62.3% when the concentration was increased to 1,000 µg/ml. The results of intracellular antioxidation assay showed that the ability of REE in reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells was higher than rosmanol, and lower than rosmarinic acid without cell toxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant polyphenols are essential components of functional foods, due to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. This paper is the first study about the quantification of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activity evaluation, and their cellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols extract from R. officinalis toward HeLa cells. We aimed to elucidate the chemical composition and recognition of antioxidant components with DPPH and OH free radicals scavenging activity. In addition, the polyphenols dose-response correlations with cellular antioxidant activity were also determined. These results indicated that off-line HPLC method with DPPH and OH free radicals as markers is available for screening antioxidant activity of polyphenols from the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Hua Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Tao Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
- School of Food Engineering, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianjin, China
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Falcão TR, de Araújo AA, Soares LAL, de Moraes Ramos RT, Bezerra ICF, Ferreira MRA, de Souza Neto MA, Melo MCN, de Araújo RF, de Aguiar Guerra ACV, de Medeiros JS, Guerra GCB. Crude extract and fractions from Eugenia uniflora Linn leaves showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Altern Ther Health Med 2018. [PMID: 29523111 PMCID: PMC5845158 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study showed phytochemical composition and evaluates the anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of crude extract (CE) and fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves. Methods Polyphenols present in crude extract (CE), in aqueous fraction (AqF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) treated fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves were shown by chromatographic analysis in order to conduct a phytochemical characterization. Antibacterial activity was evaluated based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined using the agar dilution method. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the CE and fractions were applied for conducting in vivo models (male Swiss mice, 8–10 weeks old). The peritonitis experimental model was induced by carrageenan following of Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), Total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β and TNF-α levels by spectroscopic UV/VIS analysis. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated based on an abdominal writhing model and hot plate test. The results were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) detected varying concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in the CE and fractions obtained from E. uniflora Linn leaves (0.05–0.87%w/w, 0.20–0.32%w/w, and 1.71–6.56%w/w, respectively). In general, the CE had lower MIC values than the fractions, including the lowest MIC against the MRSA strain. The CE and AqF also significantly reduced leukocyte migration and MPO activity (p < 0.05). In addition, AqF significantly reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the CE and fractions exhibited an antioxidant effect (p < 0.05) and peripheral analgesic activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions The CE and fractions from the studied E. uniflora Linn leaves exhibited antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activity in the performed assays.
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Liu S, Xu ZL, Sun L, Liu Y, Li CC, Li HM, Zhang W, Li CJ, Qin W. (‑)‑Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells via PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:599-605. [PMID: 27176210 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a cancer suppressor gene and an important negative regulator in the phosphatidylinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can promote cancer cell survival, proliferation and progression. In the present study, the effects of (‑)‑epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in pancreatic cancer cells and PTEN knockdown cells were measured, in addition to assessing its therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer. The apoptosis and proliferation of the cancer cells were examined by flow cytometry and Cell Counting kit‑8 assay, respectively. The expression of genes and proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were investigated by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results suggested that the EGCG‑induced apoptosis, proliferation inhibition and downregulated expression of phosphorylated (p)‑Akt and p‑mTOR were partially attenuated in PTEN‑knockdown cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that EGCG is able to reduce proliferation and induce the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells associated with the expression of PTEN. Additionally, EGCG can suppress the expression of p‑Akt and p‑mTOR via PTEN to regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The results suggest that EGCG may represent a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer, based on PTEN activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Chong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
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Myricetin: A Dietary Molecule with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2016; 8:90. [PMID: 26891321 PMCID: PMC4772053 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid and is well recognised for its nutraceuticals value. It is one of the key ingredients of various foods and beverages. The compound exhibits a wide range of activities that include strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. It displays several activities that are related to the central nervous system and numerous studies have suggested that the compound may be beneficial to protect against diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The use of myricetin as a preserving agent to extend the shelf life of foods containing oils and fats is attributed to the compound's ability to protect lipids against oxidation. A detailed search of existing literature revealed that there is currently no comprehensive review available on this important molecule. Hence, the present work includes the history, synthesis, pharmaceutical applications and toxicity studies of myricetin. This report also highlights structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action for various biological activities.
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Hierold J, Baek S, Rieger R, Lim TG, Zakpur S, Arciniega M, Lee KW, Huber R, Tietze LF. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Quercetagetin Analogues as JNK1 Inhibitors. Chemistry 2015; 21:16887-94. [PMID: 26541354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase JNK1 suppression by natural quercetagetin (1) is a promising lead for the development of novel anticancer agents. Using both X-ray structure and docking analyses we predicted that 5'-hydroxy- (2) and 5'-hydroxymethyl-quercetagetin (3) would inhibit JNK1 more actively than the parent compound 1. Notably, our drug design was based on the active enzyme-ligand complex as opposed to the enzyme's relatively open apo structure. In this paper we test our theoretical predictions, aided by docking-model experiments, and report the first synthesis and biological evaluation of quercetagetin analogues 2 and 3. As calculated, both compounds strongly suppress JNK1 activity. The IC50 values were determined to be 3.4 μM and 12.2 μM, respectively, which shows that 2 surpasses the potency of the parent compound 1 (IC50 =4.6 μM). Compound 2 was also shown to suppress matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression with high specificity after UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hierold
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551-39-9476
| | - Sohee Baek
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany).,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270 (Republic of Korea).,Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Martinsried (Germany)
| | - Rene Rieger
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551-39-9476
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Saman Zakpur
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551-39-9476
| | - Marcelino Arciniega
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany)
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270 (Republic of Korea).,WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul (Republic of Korea)
| | - Robert Huber
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany).,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching (Germany).,Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen (Germany).,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff (Wales, UK)
| | - Lutz F Tietze
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551-39-9476.
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Lee HS, Cho HJ, Kwon GT, Park JHY. Kaempferol Downregulates Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and ErbB3 Signaling in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:161-9. [PMID: 25337585 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel dietary agents for colon cancer prevention and therapy are desired. Kaempferol, a flavonol, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of kaempferol. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on growth factor-induced proliferation and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. METHODS To assess the effects of kaempferol and/or growth factors [insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and heregulin (HRG)-β], cells were cultured with or without 60 μmol/L kaempferol and/or 10 nmol/L IGF-I or 20 μg/L HRG-β. Cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis were determined by a cell viability assay, a [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assay, and Annexin-V staining, respectively. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and an in vitro kinase assay were conducted to evaluate expression and activation of various signaling molecules involved in the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and ErbB3 signaling pathways. RESULTS IGF-I and HRG-β stimulated HT-29 cell growth but did not abrogate kaempferol-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Kaempferol reduced IGF-II secretion, HRG expression and phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. Kaempferol reduced IGF-I- and HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of the IGF-IR and ErbB3, their association with p85, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. Additionally, kaempferol inhibited IGF-I- and HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK-1/2. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that kaempferol downregulates activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK-1/2 pathways by inhibiting IGF-IR and ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. We suggest that kaempferol could be a useful chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea ; WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea ; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Lee HS, Cho HJ, Kwon GT, Park JHY. Kaempferol Downregulates Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and ErbB3 Signaling in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2014. [PMID: 25337585 PMCID: PMC4189510 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel dietary agents for colon cancer prevention and therapy are desired. Kaempferol, a flavonol, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of kaempferol. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on growth factor-induced proliferation and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Methods: To assess the effects of kaempferol and/or growth factors [insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and heregulin (HRG)-β], cells were cultured with or without 60 μmol/L kaempferol and/or 10 nmol/L IGF-I or 20 μg/L HRG-β. Cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis were determined by a cell viability assay, a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay, and Annexin-V staining, respectively. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and an in vitro kinase assay were conducted to evaluate expression and activation of various signaling molecules involved in the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and ErbB3 signaling pathways. Results: IGF-I and HRG-β stimulated HT-29 cell growth but did not abrogate kaempferol-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Kaempferol reduced IGF-II secretion, HRG expression and phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. Kaempferol reduced IGF-I- and HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of the IGF-IR and ErbB3, their association with p85, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. Additionally, kaempferol inhibited IGF-I- and HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK-1/2. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that kaempferol downregulates activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK-1/2 pathways by inhibiting IGF-IR and ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. We suggest that kaempferol could be a useful chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea ; WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea ; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Kim JH, Shin YC, Ko SG. Integrating traditional medicine into modern inflammatory diseases care: multitargeting by Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:154561. [PMID: 25024508 PMCID: PMC4082934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous researches were performed on prevention and treatment of inflammation related diseases, the overall incidence has not changed remarkably. This requires new approaches to overcome inflammation mediated diseases, and thus traditional medicine could be an efficacious source for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the contribution of traditional medicine, especially Rhus verniciflua Stokes, to modern medicine against diverse inflammation mediated diseases. Traditionally, this remedy has been used in Eastern Asia for the treatment of gastric problems, hepatic disorders, infectious diseases, and blood disorders. Modern science has provided the scientific basis for the use of Rhus verniciflua Stokes against such disorders and diseases. Various chemical constituents have been identified from this plant, including phenolic acid, and flavonoids. Cell-based studies have exhibited the potential of this as antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, growth inhibitory, and anticancer activities. Enormous animal studies have shown the potential of this against proinflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, liver diseases, and chemical insults. At the molecular level, this medicinal plant has been shown to modulate diverse cell-signaling pathways. In clinical studies, Rhus verniciflua Stokes has shown efficacy against various cancer patients such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and pulmonary cancers. Thus, this remedy is now exhibiting activities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Jung SK, Kim JE, Lee SY, Lee MH, Byun S, Kim YA, Lim TG, Reddy K, Huang Z, Bode AM, Lee HJ, Lee KW, Dong Z. The P110 subunit of PI3-K is a therapeutic target of acacetin in skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:123-30. [PMID: 23913940 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of primary molecular targets of cancer-preventive phytochemicals is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their mechanism of action. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects and molecular targets of acacetin, a flavonoid found in Robinia p seudoacacia, also known as black locust. Acacetin treatment significantly suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation. Immunoblot analysis revealed that acacetin attenuated EGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p70(S6K), which are downstream effectors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). An immunoprecipitation kinase assay of PI3-K and pull-down assay results demonstrated that acacetin substantially inhibits PI3-K activity by direct physical binding. Acacetin exhibited stronger inhibitory effects against anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth in cells expressing higher PI3-K activity compared with those exhibiting relatively low PI3-K activity. Binding assay data combined with computational modeling suggest that acacetin binds in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive manner with the p110α subunit of PI3-K and interacts with Val828, Glu826, Asp911, Trp760, Ile777, Ile825, Tyr813, Ile910 and Met900 residues. Acacetin was also found to significantly reduce SK-MEL-28 tumor growth and Akt phosphorylation in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that acacetin is an ATP-competitive PI3-K inhibitor and a promising agent for melanoma chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Jung
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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15
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Liu S, Wang XJ, Liu Y, Cui YF. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling is involved in (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced apoptosis of human pancreatic carcinoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:629-42. [PMID: 23711146 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling promotes cell survival, proliferation and progression in cancer cells. Targeting this pathway may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for human cancers. Here, we examined the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer cells, and assessed its therapeutic potential. In this study, the proliferation and apoptosis of PANC-1 cells were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of genes and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were measured by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Our results revealed that EGCG dramatically inhibited the proliferation of PANC-1 cells and induced apoptosis simultaneously. Furthermore, it upregulated PTEN mRNA and protein expression levels, as well as downregulating the expression of phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR. In conclusion, these results suggest that EGCG can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of PANC-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner; moreover, EGCG also can upregulate PTEN expression and downregulate the expression of pAKT and p-mTOR to modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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17
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Baek S, Kang NJ, Popowicz GM, Arciniega M, Jung SK, Byun S, Song NR, Heo YS, Kim BY, Lee HJ, Holak TA, Augustin M, Bode AM, Huber R, Dong Z, Lee KW. Structural and functional analysis of the natural JNK1 inhibitor quercetagetin. J Mol Biol 2012; 425:411-23. [PMID: 23142567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) play critical roles in chronic diseases such as cancer, type II diabetes, and obesity. We describe here the binding of quercetagetin (3,3',4',5,6,7-hydroxyflavone), related flavonoids, and SP600125 to JNK1 and PI3-K by ATP-competitive and immobilized metal ion affinity-based fluorescence polarization assays and measure the effect of quercetagetin on JNK1 and PI3-K activities. Quercetagetin attenuated the phosphorylation of c-Jun and AKT, suppressed AP-1 and NF-κB promoter activities, and also reduced cell transformation. It attenuated tumor incidence and reduced tumor volumes in a two-stage skin carcinogenesis mouse model. Our crystallographic structure determination data show that quercetagetin binds to the ATP-binding site of JNK1. Notably, the interaction between Lys55, Asp169, and Glu73 of JNK1 and the catechol moiety of quercetagetin reorients the N-terminal lobe of JNK1, thereby improving compatibility of the ligand with its binding site. The results of a theoretical docking study suggest a binding mode of PI3-K with the hydroxyl groups of the catechol moiety forming hydrogen bonds with the side chains of Asp964 and Asp841 in the p110γ catalytic subunit. These interactions could contribute to the high inhibitory activity of quercetagetin against PI3-K. Our study suggests the potential use of quercetagetin in the prevention or therapy of cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Baek
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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18
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Yuan CH, Filippova M, Tungteakkhun SS, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Krstenansky JL. Small molecule inhibitors of the HPV16-E6 interaction with caspase 8. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2125-9. [PMID: 22300659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High-risk strains of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause nearly all cases of cervical cancer as well as a growing number of head and neck cancers. The oncogenicity of these viruses can be attributed to the activities of their two primary oncoproteins, E6 and E7. The E6 protein has among its functions the ability to prevent apoptosis of infected cells through its binding to FADD and caspase 8. A small molecule library was screened for candidates that could inhibit E6 binding to FADD and caspase 8. Flavonols were found to possess this activity with the rank order of myricetin>morin>quercetin>kaempferol=galangin≫(apigenin, 7-hydroxyflavonol, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, geraldol, datiscetin, fisetin, 6-hydroxyflavonol). Counter screening, where the ability of these chosen flavonols to inhibit caspase 8 binding to itself was assessed, demonstrated that myricetin, morin and quercetin inhibited GST-E6 and His-caspase 8 binding in a specific manner. The structure-activity relationships suggested by these data are unique and do not match prior reports on flavonols in the literature for a variety of anticancer assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiang Yuan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Chidambara Murthy KN, Kim J, Vikram A, Patil BS. Differential inhibition of human colon cancer cells by structurally similar flavonoids of citrus. Food Chem 2011; 132:27-34. [PMID: 26434259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies in the recent years have evaluated the anti-proliferative activity of flavonoids. Although certain studies investigated the structure-activity based on the phenotypic assays, no study has correlated the flavonoids structure with the ability to alter gene/protein expression. Present study was focused to understand the structure-function relationship of citrus flavonoids in terms of their ability to alter the gene expression in the colon adenocarcinoma cells. Eight structurally related flavonoids found in citrus were evaluated for their ability to inhibit colon cancer (SW480) cells, as well as change the expression of apoptosis related genes/proteins. Apigenin and quercetagetin demonstrated most significant inhibition of cell proliferation with 63.6% and 45.7% inhibition of cell growth at 200μM after 48h of incubation, respectively. The cell death was also confirmed by images of fluorescently tagged cells. Furthermore, up-regulation of Bax/Bcl2 protein ratio as well as activation of Caspase3 at 200μM at 48h confirmed the induction of apoptosis by apigenin and quercetagetin. In addition, results suggest that the change in Bax/Bcl2 ratio by apigenin and quercetagetin seems to be due to their ability to alter the expression of bax and bcl2 transcription. Results of the currents study suggest that among the citrus flavonoids, double bond between C2 and C3 and hydroxyl group at C3, C6 are highly decisive for the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction ability. Taken together, these results demonstrate that among the major flavonoids of citrus, apigenin and quercetagetin have potent anti-cancer activity through inducing apoptosis in SW480 human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Chidambara Murthy
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Amit Vikram
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA.
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Bobe G, Murphy G, Albert PS, Sansbury LB, Lanza E, Schatzkin A, Colburn NH, Cross AJ. Serum cytokine concentrations, flavonol intake and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1453-61. [PMID: 20924374 PMCID: PMC2990604 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum cytokine concentrations may reflect inflammatory processes occurring during the development of colorectal neoplasms. Flavonols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, may inhibit colorectal neoplasms partly by attenuating inflammation. Methods: Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the association between serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)1β, 2, 8, 10, 12p70, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ, and tumour necrosis factor-α, measured over time, flavonol intake, estimated from a flavonol database used in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire, and adenoma recurrence in 872 participants from the intervention arm of the Polyp Prevention Trial. Results: Decreased IL-2 concentration during the trial increased the risk of any adenoma recurrence (4th vs 1st quartile, OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.13–2.49), whereas decreased IL-1β or IL-10 reduced the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.15–0.94; OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.15–0.98, respectively). Individuals with flavonol intake above the median (29.7 mg per day) and decreased cytokine concentrations had the lowest risk of advanced adenoma recurrence. Conclusion: Overall, no consistent associations were observed between serum cytokine profile and colorectal adenoma recurrence; however, decreased cytokine concentrations during high flavonol consumption may indicate prevention of colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bobe
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 576, Room 101, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Chang HC, Chen HW, Tung HS, Liu KL, Tsai CW, Lii CK. Butein up-regulates the expression of the π class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes through the ERK/AP-1 pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8994-9000. [PMID: 20681544 DOI: 10.1021/jf1014439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Induction of phase II enzymes is an important mechanism of chemoprevention. Here we compared the effects of chalcones on the expression of the π class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) in rat primary hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were treated with 10 or 25 μM of phloretin or butein for 24 h. Both butein and phloretin dose-dependently increased GSTP protein expression, and the induction potency of butein was stronger than that of phloretin. The increase in GSTP mRNA in cells treated with 25 μM of phloretin and butein was 107% and 211%, respectively (P < 0.05). Butein increased GST enzyme activity by 27% compared with that in the control cells (P < 0.05). In contrast, phloretin had no significant effect on GST enzyme activity. The pTA-luciferase reporter construct with the rat -2.7 kb GSTP promoter region was transiently transfected into Clone 9 liver cells, and the luciferase activity in butein-treated cells was 1.1-fold higher than that in control cells (P < 0.05). GSTP enhancer 1 (GPE1) deletion abolished the induction of reporter activity by butein. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, was stimulated in the presence of butein. Pretreatment with PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, alleviated the increase in activator protein-1 (AP-1)-DNA binding activity and also the activation of GSTP protein expression by butein. Moreover, c-Jun is likely to bind to the GPE1. Silencing of ERK2 by siRNA gene knockdown reduced the butein-induced expression of GSTP. In conclusion, the increased GSTP expression by butein is likely related to the ERK-AP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebron C Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, NO. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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Kim W, Yang HJ, Youn H, Yun YJ, Seong KM, Youn B. Myricetin inhibits Akt survival signaling and induces Bad-mediated apoptosis in a low dose ultraviolet (UV)-B-irradiated HaCaT human immortalized keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:285-296. [PMID: 20339252 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cell survival pathways and resistance to apoptosis are generally accepted as crucial aspects of tumorigenesis. As in many tumors, increasing occurrence of human skin cancer and other conflicting effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation enhance the demand for novel chemoprevention agents. Myricetin, a naturally occurring phytochemical, is potent in anti-cancer promoting activity and affords to the chemopreventive potential of several healthy-foods, including fruits and vegetables. We demonstrate here that myricetin inhibits Akt activity to induce apoptosis in a low dose ('repairable dose') UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with an apoptosis-inducing concentration of myricetin (20 microM) resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of Akt leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. Myricetin treatment also caused a decrease in phosphorylation of Bad (a pro-apoptotic protein), a direct target of Akt in signaling pathway. Interaction between Bad and 14-3-3beta was reduced markedly in UVB-irradiated cells upon a treatment with myricetin. Comparable to these results, myricetin treatment promoted mitochondrial translocation of Bad, loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of the mitochondrial apoptotic proteins including cytochrome c, Smac, and AIF. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt granted statistically significant protection against myricetin-induced apoptosis. In addition, myricetin-induced apoptosis in UVB-irradiated cells was notably attenuated in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Together, these results indicate that myricetin might take on potent chemopreventive activity by inhibiting the Akt-mediated survival signaling axis in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyeon Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Halbwirth H. The creation and physiological relevance of divergent hydroxylation patterns in the flavonoid pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:595-621. [PMID: 20386656 PMCID: PMC2852856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and biochemically-related chalcones are important secondary metabolites, which are ubiquitously present in plants and therefore also in human food. They fulfill a broad range of physiological functions in planta and there are numerous reports about their physiological relevance for humans. Flavonoids have in common a basic C(6)-C(3)-C(6) skeleton structure consisting of two aromatic rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C) containing one oxygen atom, whereas chalcones, as the intermediates in the formation of flavonoids, have not yet established the heterocyclic C-ring. Flavonoids are grouped into eight different classes, according to the oxidative status of the C-ring. The large number of divergent chalcones and flavonoid structures is from the extensive modification of the basic molecules. The hydroxylation pattern influences physiological properties such as light absorption and antioxidative activity, which is the base for many beneficial health effects of flavonoids. In some cases antiinfective properties are also effected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Halbwirth
- Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/1665, A-1060 Wien, Austria; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +43-1-58801-17311; Fax: +43-1-58801-17399
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Endringer DC, Pezzuto JM, Braga FC. NF-kappaB inhibitory activity of cyclitols isolated from Hancornia speciosa. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:1064-1069. [PMID: 19423310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) is a Brazilian plant traditionally employed to treat inflammatory conditions, among other uses. The chemopreventive effect of an ethanol extract from H. speciosa leaves (EHS) was evaluated in a battery of in vitro tests [inhibition of aromatase, NF-kappaB and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), antioxidant response elements (ARE) induction and cell proliferation assays]. Bioassay-directed fractionation of EHS following by inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated NF-kB activation led to the isolation of the cyclitols quinic acid (1) (85.0+/-12.3 microM) and l-(+)-bornesitol (2) (IC(50)=27.5+/-3.8 microM), along with rutin (26.8+/-6.3 microM). Based on these lead compounds, the cyclitols per-O-acetyl-1l-(+)-bornesitol (3) (IC(50)=38.4+/-6.2 microM), myo-inositol (4) (>180.2 microM), scyllo-inositol (5) (83.0+/-13.7 microM) and beta-d-galactoside-myo-inositol (6) (52.4+/-8.4 microM) were evaluated in the assay, but found to be somewhat less active than 1 and 2. None of the compounds was active in the ARE, aromatase or ODC assays and did not inhibit proliferation of MCF-7, LNCaP, HepG2 or LU-1 cell lines at a final concentration of 20 microg/ml (equivalent to 104.07-32.76 microM).This work identifies l-(+)-bornesitol, quinic acid and rutin as NF-kappaB inhibitors of H. speciosa and suggests cyclitols, in addition to myo-inositol, are potentially useful as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Endringer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Siegelin M, Gaiser T, Habel A, Siegelin Y. Myricetin sensitizes malignant glioma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by down-regulation of the short isoform of FLIP and bcl-2. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:230-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hirose E, Matsushima M, Takagi K, Ota Y, Ishigami K, Hirayama T, Hayashi Y, Nakamura T, Hashimoto N, Imaizumi K, Baba K, Hasegawa Y, Kawabe T. Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kaempferol-Induced Anti-Allergic Actions in RBL-2H3 Cells. Inflammation 2009; 32:99-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9: its direct inhibition by quercetin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1592-600. [PMID: 19401153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in various skin disorders, including photoaging, dermatitis, and tumorigenesis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a key proinflammatory cytokine that acts to provoke inflammation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the possible inhibitory effects of red wine polyphenols on TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of MMP-9 and on the migratory phenotype of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal (JB6 P+) cells. Red wine extract (RWE) and quercetin, which is a major flavonoid present in red wine, inhibited significantly the TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of MMP-9 and cell migration, whereas resveratrol did not have significant inhibitory effects. The inhibitory effects of RWE and quercetin were mediated by suppression of the phosphorylation of Akt and the transactivation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB, as determined by Western blotting and luciferase assays, respectively. Aside from Akt, quercetin had no effect on the phosphorylation of other mitogen-activated protein kinases. Direct kinase assay data revealed that RWE and quercetin inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. The results of direct and cell-based pull-down assays demonstrated that RWE and quercetin bound to PI3K, resulting in the inhibition of PI3K activity. Using chemical inhibitors, it was confirmed that the PI3K-dependent Akt pathway was involved in TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 upregulation and migration in JB6 P+ cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 upregulation and the migratory phenotype are associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway, and that these effects are inhibited strongly by RWE and quercetin.
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Khan N, Asim M, Afaq F, Abu Zaid M, Mukhtar H. A novel dietary flavonoid fisetin inhibits androgen receptor signaling and tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8555-63. [PMID: 18922931 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Hormonal therapies, mainly with combinations of antiandrogens and androgen deprivation, are the mainstay treatment for advanced disease. However, emergence of androgen resistance largely due to inefficient antihormone action limits their therapeutic usefulness. Here, we report that fisetin, a novel dietary flavonoid, acts as a novel AR ligand by competing with the high-affinity androgen to interact with the ligand binding domain of AR. We show that this physical interaction results in substantial decrease in AR stability and decrease in amino-terminal/carboxyl-terminal (N-C) interaction of AR. This results in blunting of AR-mediated transactivation of target genes including prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In addition, treatment of LNCaP cells with fisetin decreased AR protein levels, in part, by decreasing its promoter activity and by accelerating its degradation. Fisetin also synergized with Casodex in inducing apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Treatment with fisetin in athymic nude mice implanted with AR-positive CWR22Rupsilon1 human PCa cells resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and reduction in serum PSA levels. These data identify fisetin as an inhibitor of AR signaling axis and suggest that it could be a useful chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent to delay progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Kumamoto T, Fujii M, Hou DX. Myricetin directly targets JAK1 to inhibit cell transformation. Cancer Lett 2008; 275:17-26. [PMID: 18995957 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
JAK1/STAT3 pathway has been suggested to play a role in cell transformation and carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that myricetin (3, 3', 4', 5, 5', 7-hexahydroxyflavone), a typical flavonol existing in many fruits and vegetables, could directly bind to JAK1/STAT3 molecules to inhibit cell transformation in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-activated mouse JB6 P(+) cells. Colony assay revealed that myricetin had the strongest inhibitory effect on cell transformation among three flavonols including myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. Molecular data revealed that myricetin inhibited DNA- binding and transcriptional activity of STAT3. Furthermore, myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 and Ser727. Cellular signaling analyses revealed that EGF could induce the phosphorylation of Janus Kinase (JAK) 1, but not JAK2. Myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and increased the autophosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR). Moreover, ex vivo and in vitro pull-down assay revealed that myricetin bound to JAK1 and STAT3, but not EGFR. Affinity data further demonstrated that myricetin had a higher affinity for JAK1 than STAT3. Thus, our data indicate that myricetin might directly target JAK1 to block cell transformation in mouse JB6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kumamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City 890-0065, Japan
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Bobe G, Sansbury LB, Albert PS, Cross AJ, Kahle L, Ashby J, Slattery ML, Caan B, Paskett E, Iber F, Kikendall JW, Lance P, Daston C, Marshall JR, Schatzkin A, Lanza E. Dietary flavonoids and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1344-53. [PMID: 18559549 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent case-control studies suggested that some flavonoid subgroups may play a role in preventing colorectal cancer. Previous prospective cohort studies generally reported no association; however, only a small subset of flavonoids was evaluated and partial flavonoid databases were used. We used the newly constructed U.S. Department of Agriculture flavonoid database to examine the association between consumption of total flavonoids, 6 flavonoid subgroups, and 29 individual flavonoids with adenomatous polyp recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. The Polyp Prevention Trial was a randomized dietary intervention trial, which examined the effectiveness of a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit, and high-vegetable diet on adenoma recurrence. Intakes of flavonoids were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use, and dietary fiber intake) were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for both any and advanced adenoma recurrence within quartiles of energy-adjusted flavonoid intake (baseline, during the trial, and change during the trial). Total flavonoid intake was not associated with any or advanced adenoma recurrence. However, high intake of flavonols, which are at greater concentrations in beans, onions, apples, and tea, was associated with decreased risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (4th versus 1st quartile during the trial; odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.53; P(trend) = 0.0006). Similar inverse associations were observed to a smaller extent for isoflavonoids, the flavonol kaempferol, and the isoflavonoids genistein and formononetin. Our data suggest that a flavonol-rich diet may decrease the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bobe
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Room 110, Building 576, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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Nomura M, Takahashi T, Nagata N, Tsutsumi K, Kobayashi S, Akiba T, Yokogawa K, Moritani S, Miyamoto KI. Inhibitory mechanisms of flavonoids on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in MC3T3-G2/PA6 adipose cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1403-9. [PMID: 18591783 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of different classes of flavonoids on insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-[1-(3)H]glucose uptake by mouse MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells differentiated into mature adipose cells. Among the flavonoids examined, the flavones, apigenin and luteolin, the flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin and fisetin, an isoflavone, genistein, a flavanonol, silybin, and the flavanols, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavins, significantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Key structural features of flavonoids for inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake are the B-ring 4'- or 3',4'-OH group and the C-ring C2-C3 double bond of the flavones and flavonols, the A-ring 5-OH of isoflavones, and the galloyl group of EGCG and theaflavins. Luteolin significantly inhibits insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor-beta subunit (IR-beta), and apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and fisetin, also tended to inhibit the IR-beta phosphorylation. On the other hand, isoflavones, flavanols or flavanonols did not affect insulin-stimulated IR-beta phosphorylation. Apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin and fisetin also appeared to inhibit insulin-stimulated activation of Akt, a pivotal downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and suppressed insulin-dependent translocation of a glucose transporter, (GLUT)4, into the plasma membrane. Although genistein, silybin, EGCG and theaflavins had no effect on the insulin-stimulated activation of Akt, they blocked insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation. These results provide novel insights into the modulation by flavonoids of insulin's actions, including glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nomura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
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He XZ, Li WS, Blount JW, Dixon RA. Regioselective synthesis of plant (iso)flavone glycosides in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:253-60. [PMID: 18568307 PMCID: PMC2491422 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids genistein, biochanin A, luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol are plant natural products with potentially useful pharmacological and nutraceutical activities. These natural products usually exist in plants as glycosides, and their glycosylation has a remarkable influence on their pharmacokinetic properties. The glycosyltransferases UGT71G1 and UGT73C8 from Medicago truncatula are excellent reagents for the regioselective glycosylation of (iso)flavonoids in Escherichia coli grown in Terrific broth. Ten to 20 mg/L of either genistein or biochanin A 7-O-glucoside was produced after feeding genistein or biochanin A to E. coli expressing UGT71G1, and similar levels of luteolin 4'-O- and 7-O-glucosides were produced after feeding luteolin to cultures expressing UGT73C8. For the production of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside or quercetin 3-O-glucoside, the Phe148Val or Tyr202Ala mutants of UGT71G1 were employed. Ten to 16 mg/L of either kaempferol 3-O- or quercetin 3-O-glucosides were produced on feeding kaempferol or quercetin to E. coli expressing these enzymes. More than 90% of the glucoside products were released to the medium, facilitating their isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi He
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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Anticarcinogenesis by dietary phytochemicals: Cytoprotection by Nrf2 in normal cells and cytotoxicity by modulation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 in abnormal cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1257-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khan N, Afaq F, Syed DN, Mukhtar H. Fisetin, a novel dietary flavonoid, causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1049-56. [PMID: 18359761 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel dietary agents for prevention and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) are desired. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fisetin, a tetrahydroxyflavone, on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human PCa cells. Treatment of fisetin (10-60 microM, 48 h) was found to result in a decrease in the viability of LNCaP, CWR22Rupsilon1 and PC-3 cells but had only minimal effects on normal prostate epithelial cells as assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Treatment of LNCaP cells with fisetin also resulted in G(1)-phase arrest that was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclins D1, D2 and E and their activating partner cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 4 and 6 with concomitant induction of WAF1/p21 and KIP1/p27. Fisetin treatment also resulted in induction of apoptosis, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, modulation in the expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibition of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt at Ser(473) and Thr(308). There was also induction of mitochondrial release of cytochrome c into cytosol, downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and upregulation of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI on treatment of cells with fisetin. Treatment of cells with fisetin also resulted in significant activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Pretreatment of cells with caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) blocked fisetin-induced activation of caspases. These data provide the first evidence that fisetin could be developed as an agent against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Medical Sciences Center, B-25, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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