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Sahu SR, Thakur S, Peroumal D, Utkalaja BG, Dutta A, Kumari P, Subhadarsini I, Acharya N. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induces immune cells death to onset early immunosuppression during oral squamous cell carcinoma development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274519. [PMID: 37936711 PMCID: PMC10626482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) and its derivatives react with genomic DNA to form stable quinolone monoadducts, which are highly mutagenic and genotoxic. While the chronic high-dose exposure of epithelial cells to a carcinogen such as 4-NQO leads to tumor development, its effect on other cells has not been explored yet. Since the immunosuppression due to aberrant immunological profile is recognized as a significant cause in tumors, here we determine the interaction between 4-NQO and immune cells both in vivo and in vitro, and its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression in a murine model. Immune cell profiling of the spleen and peripheral blood revealed a significant decrease in the B-cell population in 4-NQO-exposed mice than the untreated group. Additionally, γδ T and CD5+ B lymphocyte populations decreased at both pre- and post-cancerous stages of OSCC. These results suggested that 4-NQO induced tumor transition from pre-malignant lesions to OSCC by altering certain immune cells systemically. Next, to establish the effect of 4-NQO on immune cells, human B- and T-cell lines were subjected to 4-NQO; the reduction in cell viability, increase in DNA damage response marker, and induction of apoptosis were more pronounced in B than T cells. Altogether, our results indicated that in addition to the genotoxicity of oral epithelial cells, 4-NQO potentiates long-range effects on specific immune cells to induce cell death to cause very-early immunosuppressive response during oral carcinogenesis, and thus immunosuppression and tumor development are coevolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Doureradjou Peroumal
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhabasha Gyanadeep Utkalaja
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Abinash Dutta
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Ipsita Subhadarsini
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Narottam Acharya
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Mahmoudian RA, Farshchian M, Golyan FF, Mahmoudian P, Alasti A, Moghimi V, Maftooh M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Mahaki H, Shahidsales S, Avan A. Preclinical tumor mouse models for studying esophageal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 189:104068. [PMID: 37468084 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models are extensively employed in cancer research because they can be manipulated in terms of their environment, genome, molecular biology, organ systems, and physical activity to mimic human behavior and conditions. The progress made in in vivo cancer research has resulted in significant advancements, enabling the creation of spontaneous, metastatic, and humanized mouse models. Most recently, the remarkable and extensive developments in genetic engineering, particularly the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9, transposable elements, epigenome modifications, and liquid biopsies, have further facilitated the design and development of numerous mouse models for studying cancer. In this review, we have elucidated the production and usage of current mouse models, such as xenografts, chemical-induced models, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), for studying esophageal cancer. Additionally, we have briefly discussed various gene-editing tools that could potentially be employed in the future to create mouse models specifically for esophageal cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mahmoudian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Alasti
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Moghimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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3
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Elsaady SA, Aboushelib MN, Al-Wakeel E, Badawi MF. A novel intra-tumoral drug delivery carrier for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11984. [PMID: 37491569 PMCID: PMC10368636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) includes systemic chemotherapy and is associated with aggressive side effects on patients. This study evaluated a new intra-tumor-targeted drug delivery method for the treatment of OSCC induced on the dorsum of the tongue in white mice. The induced tumors were examined by needle biopsy. A targeted anticancer drug (Cetuximab) and [Cisplatin and 5 Fluorouracil (5-FU)] chemotherapeutic agents were loaded on polyethylene glycol-polylactide-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PLA-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) designed for intralesional injection while systemic administration was used as control. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to study NP chemical structure, a drug release profile was conducted to study release kinetics, and histopathological evaluation was performed before and after treatment to evaluate tissue reactions (n-28, ά = 0.05). The drug release profile was characteristic of the chemotherapeutic agent showing early quick ascend followed by sustained slow release. FTIR peaks identified the polymeric structure of the drug nano-carrier. Histopathologic examination of chemically induced OSCC revealed different grades ranging from non-invasive to invasive stages of OSCC. Intra-tumoral test group revealed significant remission of observed cancer grade compared to the systemically administered group (X2 = 12.63, P < 0.001). Finally, using synthesized PEG-PLA-PEG NPs for intralesional injection is a promising route for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Elsaady
- Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Essam Al-Wakeel
- Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal F Badawi
- Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Machado TQ, Lima MED, da Silva RC, Macedo AL, de Queiroz LN, Angrisani BRP, da Fonseca ACC, Câmara PR, Rabelo VVH, Carollo CA, de Lima Moreira D, de Almeida ECP, Vasconcelos TRA, Abreu PA, Valverde AL, Robbs BK. Anticancer Activity and Molecular Targets of Piper cernuum Substances in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1914. [PMID: 37509552 PMCID: PMC10377665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide public health problem, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The development of new drugs to treat OSCC is paramount. Piper plant species have shown many biological activities. In the present study, we show that dichloromethane partition of Piper cernuum (PCLd) is nontoxic in chronic treatment in mice, reduces the amount of atypia in tongues of chemically induced OSCC, and significantly increases animal survival. To identify the main active compounds, chromatographic purification of PCLd was performed, where fractions 09.07 and 14.05 were the most active and selective. These fractions promoted cell death by apoptosis characterized by phosphatidyl serine exposition, DNA fragmentation, and activation of effector caspase-3/7 and were nonhemolytic. LC-DAD-MS/MS analysis did not propose matching spectra for the 09.07 fraction, suggesting compounds not yet known. However, aporphine alkaloids were annotated in fraction 14.05, which are being described for the first time in P. cernuum and corroborate the observed cytotoxic activity. Putative molecular targets were determined for these alkaloids, in silico, where the androgen receptor (AR), CHK1, CK2, DYRK1A, EHMT2, LXRβ, and VEGFR2 were the most relevant. The results obtained from P. cernuum fractions point to promising compounds as new preclinical anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaíssa Queiróz Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Science for Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24241-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Emanuelle Damazio Lima
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carriello da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ladeira Macedo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition Faculty, Mato Grosso do Sul Federal University, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nicolau de Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Science for Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24241-000, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Carolina Carvalho da Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rodrigues Câmara
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Von-Held Rabelo
- Biodiversity and Sustainability Institute, Macaé Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macae 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition Faculty, Mato Grosso do Sul Federal University, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Davyson de Lima Moreira
- Research Directorate, Laboratory of Natural Products and Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elan Cardozo Paes de Almeida
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Biodiversity and Sustainability Institute, Macaé Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macae 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Leda Valverde
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Kaufmann Robbs
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
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Cell Division Cycle-Associated Protein 3 (CDCA3) Is a Potential Biomarker for Clinical Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Pan-Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4632453. [PMID: 36082153 PMCID: PMC9448600 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4632453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CDCA3 is an essential regulator in cell mitosis and can regulate many physiological and pathological processes in the human body by stimulating certain proteins such as cell cycle regulatory proteins, transcription factors, and signal transduction molecules. Although several studies have shown that dysregulation of CDCA3 is a common phenomenon in human cancers, no systematic pan-cancer analysis has been performed. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the role of CDCA3 in 33 human cancer types by utilizing multiple cancer-related databases and bioinformatics analysis tools, including TCGA, GTEx, GEPIA, TIMER, STRING, Metascape, and Cytoscape. Evidence from bioinformatics databases shows that CDCA3 is overexpressed in almost all human cancer types, and its overexpression is significantly associated with survival in patients with more than ten cancer types. CDCA3 expression positively correlates with immune cell infiltration levels in multiple human cancer types. Furthermore, the results of the GSEA analysis revealed that overexpression of CDCA3 may promote the malignant progression of cancer by activating various oncogenic signaling pathways in human cancers. In conclusion, our pan-cancer analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the oncogenic role of CDCA3 in multiple human cancer types, suggesting that CDCA3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in multiple human cancer types.
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Quan LL, Liu JY, Qu LX, La H, Wang HL, Chen XX, Wang N, Wei ZZ. Expression of Cyclin D1 gene in ovarian cancer and effect of silencing its expression on ovarian cancer cells based on the Oncomine database. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9290-9300. [PMID: 34806539 PMCID: PMC8810081 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the expression of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene in ovarian cancer and the influence of silencing its expression on ovarian cancer cells based on the Oncomine database. The expression of CCND1 gene in ovarian cancer was analyzed by utilizing the relevant information in different tumors and Oncomine database. The correlation between CCDN1 expression level and prognosis of ovarian cancer was analyzed by the online database Kaplan-Meier (kmplot.com). The expression of CCND1 gene in ovarian cancer and the effect of silencing its expression on cancer cells were analyzed by cell experiments. After mining and comprehensively analyzing 7 studies on the differential expression of CCND1 gene in ovarian cancer tissue and normal ovarian tissue included in the Oncomine database, it was found that the median value of CCND1 gene ranked 218.0 (P = 8.03 × 10-6) among all differentially expressed genes, suggesting that CCND1 gene expression in ovarian cancer tissue was higher than that in normal ovarian tissue. Adib Ovarian, Bonome Ovarian and Hendrix Ovarian microarrays revealed that the expression of CCND1 gene in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissue (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier Plotter database showed that the overall survival and progression-free survival of ovarian cancer patients with high CCND1 expression were significantly shorter than those of patients with low CCND1 expression (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CCND1 gene in normal ovarian epithelial cells and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were detected by RT-PCR. The expression of CCND1 gene was significantly higher in SKOV3 group than that in control group (P < 0.01). Flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was significantly higher, while that in S phase was lower in SKOV3 + siCCND1 group than the values of SKOV3 and SKOV3 + siNC groups (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of ovarian cancer cells was significantly higher in SKOV3 + siCCND1 group than those of SKOV3 and SKOV3 + siNC groups (P < 0.01). CCND1 gene is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissue and related to prognosis. Preoperative evaluation of CCND1 gene expression in ovarian cancer patients may benefit the assessment of risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Quan
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui La
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhi Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Sanmenxia Central Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
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Sachdeva UM, Shimonosono M, Flashner S, Cruz-Acuña R, Gabre JT, Nakagawa H. Understanding the cellular origin and progression of esophageal cancer using esophageal organoids. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:39-52. [PMID: 33838281 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are a novel tool to model epithelial cell biology and human diseases of the esophagus. 3D organoid culture systems have been utilized to investigate the pathobiology of esophageal cancer, including both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Additional organoid-based approaches for study of esophageal development and benign esophageal diseases have provided key insights into esophageal keratinocyte differentiation and mucosal regeneration. These investigations have implications for the identification of esophageal cancer stem cells, as well as the potential to halt malignant progression through induction of differentiation pathways. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from human tissue samples allow for unique and faithful in vitro modeling of esophageal cancers, and provide an exciting platform for investigation into personalized medicine and targeted treatment approaches, as well as new models for understanding therapy resistance and recurrent disease. Future directions include high-throughput genomic screening using PDOs, and study of tumor-microenvironmental interactions through co-culture with immune and stromal cells and novel extracellular matrix complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma M Sachdeva
- Divison of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel T Gabre
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Minarovits J. Anaerobic bacterial communities associated with oral carcinoma: Intratumoral, surface-biofilm and salivary microbiota. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102300. [PMID: 33246097 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was estimated that more than 700 bacterial species inhabit the oral cavity of healthy humans. Anaerobes comprise a significant fraction of the oral bacteriome and play an important role in the formation of multi-species biofilms attached to various anatomical sites. Bacterial biofilms are also associated with pathologic laesions of the oral cavity, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and distinct oral taxa could also be detected within the tumors, i.e. in deep biopsy samples. These observations suggested that certain oral bacteria or oral bacterial communities may play a causative role in oral carcinogenesis, in addition to the well characterized risk factors of oral cancer. Alternatively, it was also proposed that a subset of oral bacteria may have a growth advantage in the unique microenvironment of OSCC. Recently, a series of studies analysed the OSCC-associated bacterial communities using metataxonomic, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. This review outlines the major differences between the community structure of microbiota in tumor biopsy, surface-biofilm and salivary or oral wash samples collected from OSCC patients, compared to corresponding samples from control persons. A special emphasis is given to the anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium periodonticum that were characterised repeatedly as "OSCC-associated" in independent studies. Predicted microbial functions and relevant in vivo experimental models of oral carcinogenesis will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Minarovits
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64 Hungary.
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The 4-NQO mouse model: An update on a well-established in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 163:197-229. [PMID: 33785166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of oral premalignant lesions (OPMDs) improve their outcomes. Animal models that mimic histological and biological processes of human oral carcinogenesis may help to improve the identification of OPMD at-risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma and to develop preventive strategies for the entire field of cancerization. No animal model is perfectly applicable for investigating human oral carcinogenesis. However, the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model is well established and mimics several morphological, histological, genomic and molecular features of human oral carcinogenesis. Some of the reasons for the success of this model include its reproducible experimental conditions with limited variation, the possibility of realizing longitudinal studies with invasive intervention or gene manipulation, and sample availability for all stages of oral carcinogenesis, especially premalignant lesions. Moreover, the role of histological and molecular alterations in the field of cancerization (i.e., macroscopically healthy mucosa exposed to a carcinogen) during oral carcinogenesis can be easily explored using this model. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this model for studying human oral carcinogenesis. In summary, the 4-NQO-induced murine oral cancer model is relevant for investigating human oral carcinogenesis, including the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating therapeutic and chemoprevention agents.
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Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:5490468. [PMID: 32104177 PMCID: PMC7035569 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5490468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of Ficus deltoidea (FD) in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into six groups (n = 7 per group): Group 1 (untreated group); Group 2 (control cancer group) received 4NQO only for 8 weeks in their drinking water; Groups 3 and 4 (chemopreventive) received 4NQO for 8 weeks and were simultaneously treated with FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, by oral gavage; Groups 5 and 6 (chemotherapeutic) received 4NQO for 8 weeks followed by the administration of FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for another 10 weeks. The incidence of oral cancer was microscopically evaluated. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression was analysed in tongue specimens using an image analyser computer system, while the RT2 profiler PCR array method was employed for gene expression analysis. Results The results of the present study showed a beneficial regression effect of the FD extract on tumor progression. The FD extract significantly reduced the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from 100% to 14.3% in the high-dose groups. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the FD extract had significantly decreased the expression of the key tumor marker cyclin D1 and had significantly increased the expression of the β-catenin and e-cadherin antibodies that are associated with enhanced cellular adhesion. Based on the gene expression analysis, FD extract had reduced the expression of the TWIST1 and RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.β-catenin and e-cadherin antibodies that are associated with enhanced cellular adhesion. Based on the gene expression analysis, FD extract had reduced the expression of the TWIST1 and RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.TWIST1 and RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
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11
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Rossa C, D'Silva NJ. Immune-relevant aspects of murine models of head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:3973-3988. [PMID: 30696955 PMCID: PMC6533118 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) cause significant mortality and morbidity. There have been few advances in therapeutic management of HNC in the past 4 to 5 decades, which support the need for studies focusing on HNC biology. In recent years, increased recognition of the relevance of the host response in cancer progression has led to novel therapeutic strategies and putative biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness. However, tumor-immune interactions are highly complex and vary with cancer type. Pre-clinical, in vivo models represent an important and necessary step in understanding biological processes involved in development, progression and treatment of HNC. Rodents (mice, rats, hamsters) are the most frequently used animal models in HNC research. The relevance and utility of information generated by studies in murine models is unquestionable, but it is also limited in application to tumor-immune interactions. In this review, we present information regarding the immune-specific characteristics of the murine models most commonly used in HNC research, including immunocompromised and immunocompetent animals. The particular characteristics of xenograft, chemically induced, syngeneic, transgenic, and humanized models are discussed in order to provide context and insight for researchers interested in the in vivo study of tumor-immune interactions in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara - SP, Brazil. .,Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Reichenbach ZW, Murray MG, Saxena R, Farkas D, Karassik EG, Klochkova A, Patel K, Tice C, Hall TM, Gang J, Parkman HP, Ward SJ, Tétreault MP, Whelan KA. Clinical and translational advances in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:95-135. [PMID: 31349905 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the most deadly forms of human malignancy characterized by late stage diagnosis, metastasis, therapy resistance and frequent recurrence. Clinical management of ESCC remains challenging and the disease presently lacks approved targeted therapeutics. However, emerging data from recent clinical and translational investigations hold great promise for future progress toward improving patient outcomes in this deadly disease. Here, we review current clinical perspectives in ESCC epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical care, highlighting recent advances with potential to impact ESCC prevention, diagnosis and management. We further provide an overview of recent translational investigations contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC development, progression and therapy response, including insights gained from genetic studies and various murine model systems. Finally, we discuss future perspectives in the clinical and translational realms, along with remaining hurdles that must be overcome to eradicate ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Wilmer Reichenbach
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary Grace Murray
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Reshu Saxena
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erika G Karassik
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alena Klochkova
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kishan Patel
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caitlin Tice
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy M Hall
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julie Gang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Henry P Parkman
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah J Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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13
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Ishida K, Tomita H, Nakashima T, Hirata A, Tanaka T, Shibata T, Hara A. Current mouse models of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Genetic and chemically induced models. Oral Oncol 2018; 73:16-20. [PMID: 28939069 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients have a low 5-year survival rate and poor prognosis. To improve survival and prognosis, the causes and processes involved in lesion development should be evaluated. For this purpose, the use of OSCC mouse models, such as chemically induced mouse models, genetically modified mouse models, and transplanted (xenograft) models, is crucial. These OSCC models exhibit both advantages and disadvantages when studying OSCC development and progression. Until a model resembling human OSCC is developed, both the advantages and disadvantages of each model should be carefully considered. In this review, we discuss OSCC mouse models and their use in cancer research worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takauji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8513, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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14
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Xiao Y, Deng WW, Yang LL, Li H, Yu GT, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Overexpression of p21-activated kinase 2 is correlated with high-grade oral squamous cell carcinomas. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1091-1100. [PMID: 29714078 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) is overexpressed in several tumors but the expression of PAK2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) remains unclear. Materials & methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on human tissue microarrays containing 165 primary OSCC, 48 oral epithelial dysplasia and 43 normal oral mucosa. Results: PAK2 expression was increased in primary OSCC compared with normal mucosa and significantly increased in primary OSCC grade III compared with grade I, but independent of overall survival rate. Moreover, the expression of PAK2 was statistically correlated with Lck/Yes novel tyrosine kinase (LYN), zinc finger transcription factor Slug, tumor-associated macrophage marker CD163 and LAG3. Conclusion: Overexpression of PAK2 in OSCC may be associated with an advanced pathology grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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15
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Liu YC, Ho HC, Lee MR, Yeh CM, Tseng HC, Lin YC, Chung JG. Cortactin is a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma and its overexpression is involved in oral carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:799-812. [PMID: 27148699 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
EMS1 (chromosome eleven, band q13, mammary tumor and squamous cell carcinoma-associated gene 1) gene amplification and the concomitant cortactin overexpression have been reported to associate with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. In this study, we examined cortactin expression by immunohistochemistry in human oral tumors and murine tongue tumors which were induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). The immunostaining results show over- to moderate expression of cortactin in 85% (104/122) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and in all 15 leukoplakia tissues examined. Further, statistical analysis indicates that cortactin overexpression appears to be a predictor for shorter survival and poorer prognosis in OSCC patients. In an animal model, cortactin is shown to upregulate in infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma, and epithelia with squamous hyperplasia, indicating that cortactin induction is an early event during oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that cortactin expression is mediated in the progression of pre-malignancy to papilloma, based on earlier cortactin induction in pre-malignancy preceding cyclin D1 in papilloma. In conclusion, cortactin overexpression is frequently observed in human OSCC and mouse tongue tumors. Thus, cortactin may have an important role in the development of oral tumors in human and mice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 799-812, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chien Ho
- Departments of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Miau-Rong Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Tseng
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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16
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Binder Gallimidi A, Fischman S, Revach B, Bulvik R, Maliutina A, Rubinstein AM, Nussbaum G, Elkin M. Periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum promote tumor progression in an oral-specific chemical carcinogenesis model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22613-23. [PMID: 26158901 PMCID: PMC4673186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease whose incidence is increasing. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate an association between periodontitis and oral cancer, and periodontal pathogens are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and gastrointestinal malignancies. Nevertheless, a causal role for periodontal pathogens in OSCC has not been shown, partly due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Here, utilizing a newly-established murine model of periodontitis-associated oral tumorigenesis, we report that chronic bacterial infection promotes OSCC, and that augmented signaling along the IL-6-STAT3 axis underlies this effect. Our results indicate that periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum stimulate tumorigenesis via direct interaction with oral epithelial cells through Toll-like receptors. Furthermore, oral pathogens stimulate human OSCC proliferation and induce expression of key molecules implicated in tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, these findings represent the first demonstration of a mechanistic role for oral bacteria in chemically induced OSCC tumorigenesis. These results are highly relevant for the design of effective prevention and treatment strategies for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Binder Gallimidi
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stuart Fischman
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brurya Revach
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raanan Bulvik
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Maliutina
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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The Protective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Ferula persica in Rat Tongue Neoplasm (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide (4-NQO). IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Deletion of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) reduces cell migration and invasion, conferring protection from aerodigestive tract carcinoma in mice. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1124-36. [PMID: 27140681 PMCID: PMC4913618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks), a family of enzymes found in all eukaryotes, are responsible for the synthesis of 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-IP7) from inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). Three isoforms of IP6Ks are found in mammals, and gene deletions of each isoform lead to diverse, non-overlapping phenotypes in mice. Previous studies show a facilitatory role for IP6K2 in cell migration and invasion, properties that are essential for the early stages of tumorigenesis. However, IP6K2 also has an essential role in cancer cell apoptosis, and mice lacking this protein are more susceptible to the development of aerodigestive tract carcinoma upon treatment with the oral carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Not much is known about the functions of the equally abundant and ubiquitously expressed IP6K1 isoform in cell migration, invasion and cancer progression. We conducted a gene expression analysis on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking IP6K1, revealing a role for this protein in cell receptor-extracellular matrix interactions that regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Consequently, cells lacking IP6K1 manifest defects in adhesion-dependent signaling, evident by lower FAK and Paxillin activation, leading to reduced cell spreading and migration. Expression of active, but not inactive IP6K1 reverses migration defects in IP6K1 knockout MEFs, suggesting that 5-IP7 synthesis by IP6K1 promotes cell locomotion. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration support the ability of cancer cells to achieve their complete oncogenic potential. Cancer cells with lower IP6K1 levels display reduced migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. When fed an oral carcinogen, mice lacking IP6K1 show reduced progression from epithelial dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. Thus, our data reveal that like IP6K2, IP6K1 is also involved in early cytoskeleton remodeling events during cancer progression. However, unlike IP6K2, IP6K1 is essential for 4NQO-induced invasive carcinoma. Our study therefore uncovers similarities and differences in the roles of IP6K1 and IP6K2 in cancer progression, and we propose that an isoform-specific IP6K1 inhibitor may provide a novel route to suppress carcinogenesis. Gene-expression analysis of Ip6k1 knockout MEFs reveals down-regulation of cell surface-extracellular matrix signaling. Ip6k1 knockout MEFs show reduced adhesion-dependent signaling, cell spreading and migration. Cancer cells deficient in IP6K1 display reduced migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth. Mice lacking IP6K1 are resistant to progression from epithelial dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.
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19
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Wang L, Cao NN, Wang S, Man HW, Li PF, Shan BE. Roles of coinhibitory molecules B7-H3 and B7-H4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Tétreault MP. Esophageal Cancer: Insights From Mouse Models. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:37-46. [PMID: 26380556 PMCID: PMC4558891 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent advances in the development of surgical techniques in combination with the use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for esophageal cancer remains poor. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer are still poorly understood. Hence, understanding these mechanisms is crucial to improving outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer. Mouse models constitute valuable tools for modeling human cancers and for the preclinical testing of therapeutic strategies in a manner not possible in human subjects. Mice are excellent models for studying human cancers because they are similar to humans at the physiological and molecular levels and because they have a shorter gestation time and life cycle. Moreover, a wide range of well-developed technologies for introducing genetic modifications into mice are currently available. In this review, we describe how different mouse models are used to study esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Wang S, Du Z, Luo J, Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Xiao W, Wang Y, Zhong X. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses squamous carcinogenic progression in a mouse model of esophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1405-16. [PMID: 25563492 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a potential therapeutic target, has been widely recognized in vitro and in vivo in immunodeficient mice. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of Hsp90 in an immunocompetent mouse model of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). METHODS The carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) was used to induce ESCC in C57BL/6 mice. Cancer progression was analyzed through observation of appearance, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical detection, and terminal dUTP nick-end labeling analysis. RESULTS 4NQO led to the progressive appearance of preneoplastic and tumoral lesions in the esophagus, with 100 % incidence of ESCC in situ occurring only after 16 weeks of carcinogen exposure. Most of these lesions evolved spontaneously into highly invasive ESCC even after 4NQO withdrawal (weeks 16-22). Interestingly, there was marked upregulation of Hsp90 and its client proteins in tumoral lesions at 22 weeks. Hsp90 inhibition by intraperitoneal injection of SNX-2112 over the following 2 weeks downregulated AKT and cyclin D1 expression, leading to significant reduction in tumor incidence and prevention of ESCC progression. Moreover, SNX-2112 treatment decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and increased the number of apoptotic cells in ESCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo findings support the contribution of Hsp90 to ESCC progression, which was achieved by stimulating apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, and provide a strong rationale for further evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang AY, Lee JH, Shu L, Zhang C, Su ZY, Lu Y, Huang MT, Ramirez C, Pung D, Huang Y, Verzi M, Hart RP, Kong ANT. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in UVB- and DMBA/TPA-induced mouse skin cancer models. Life Sci 2014; 113:45-54. [PMID: 25093921 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ultraviolet irradiation and carcinogens have been reported to induce epigenetic alterations, which potentially contribute to the development of skin cancer. We aimed to study the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of skin cancers induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1,3-acetate (TPA). MAIN METHODS Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by next-generation sequencing was utilized to ascertain the DNA methylation profiles in the following common mouse skin cancer models: SKH-1 mice treated with UVB irradiation and CD-1 mice treated with DMBA/TPA. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was utilized to analyze the data and to identify gene interactions among the different pathways. KEY FINDINGS 6003 genes in the UVB group and 5424 genes in the DMBA/TPA group exhibited a greater than 2-fold change in CpG methylation as mapped by the IPA software. The top canonical pathways identified by IPA after the two treatments were ranked were pathways related to cancer development, cAMP-mediated signaling, G protein-coupled receptor signaling and PTEN signaling associated with UVB treatment, whereas protein kinase A signaling and xenobiotic metabolism signaling were associated with DMBA/TPA treatment. In addition, the mapped IL-6-related inflammatory pathways displayed alterations in the methylation profiles of inflammation-related genes linked to UVB treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Genes with altered methylation were ranked in the UVB and DMBA/TPA models, and the molecular interaction networks of those genes were identified by the IPA software. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of skin cancers induced by UV irradiation or by DMBA/TPA will be useful for future studies on epigenetic gene regulation in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA university, Kyunggi, Korea
| | - Limin Shu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mou-Tuan Huang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Douglas Pung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Walk EL, McLaughlin S, Coad J, Weed SA. Use of high frequency ultrasound to monitor cervical lymph node alterations in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100185. [PMID: 24955984 PMCID: PMC4067293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical lymph node evaluation by clinical ultrasound is a non-invasive procedure used in diagnosing nodal status, and when combined with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), provides an effective method to assess nodal pathologies. Development of high-frequency ultrasound (HF US) allows real-time monitoring of lymph node alterations in animal models. While HF US is frequently used in animal models of tumor biology, use of HF US for studying cervical lymph nodes alterations associated with murine models of head and neck cancer, or any other model of lymphadenopathy, is lacking. Here we utilize HF US to monitor cervical lymph nodes changes in mice following exposure to the oral cancer-inducing carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) and in mice with systemic autoimmunity. 4-NQO induces tumors within the mouse oral cavity as early as 19 wks that recapitulate HNSCC. Monitoring of cervical (mandibular) lymph nodes by gray scale and power Doppler sonography revealed changes in lymph node size eight weeks after 4-NQO treatment, prior to tumor formation. 4-NQO causes changes in cervical node blood flow resulting from oral tumor progression. Histological evaluation indicated that the early 4-NQO induced changes in lymph node volume were due to specific hyperproliferation of T-cell enriched zones in the paracortex. We also show that HF US can be used to perform image-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsies on mice with enlarged mandibular lymph nodes due to genetic mutation of Fas ligand (Fasl). Collectively these studies indicate that HF US is an effective technique for the non-invasive study of cervical lymph node alterations in live mouse models of oral cancer and other mouse models containing cervical lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse L. Walk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Animal Models and Imaging Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - James Coad
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Barcessat ARR, Huang I, Rabelo GD, Rosin FCP, Ferreira LGV, de Cerqueira Luz JG, Corrêa L. Systemic toxic effects during early phases of topical 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:770-7. [PMID: 24931357 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have demonstrated 4-NQO toxicity to oral epithelium during oral carcinogenesis induction, but systemic toxicity has been poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to describe the systemic effect of 4-NQO topical application during early phases of oral cancer induction. METHODS A 4-NQO propylene glycol ointment was topically applied on the rat tongue three times a week for 16 weeks. Local and systemic 4-NQO toxicity was evaluated by body weight gain, hematology, and serum chemistry analyses, histopathology, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant reduction in body weight gain and in white blood cell count as well as significant increase in serum ALT and AST was observed after 16 weeks of 4-NQO topical application. Focal hepatic lobular necrosis, renal tubular degeneration, and decreased cellularity in the splenic white pulp were also detected. CONCLUSIONS 4-NQO topical application on the tongue of rats for 16 weeks seems to have caused hepatic, renal, and splenic toxicity. Potential systemic toxicity should be considered to monitor for variables that could interfere in topical oral carcinogenesis experiments.
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Rivera C, Venegas B. Histological and molecular aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:7-11. [PMID: 24959211 PMCID: PMC4063640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 95% of all forms of head and neck cancer, and over the last decade its incidence has increased by 50%. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process, which simultaneously involves precancerous lesions, invasion and metastasis. Degradation of the cell cycle and the proliferation of malignant cells results in the loss of control mechanisms that ensure the normal function of tissues. The aim of the current review is to present the histopathological features of OSCC, including potentially malignant changes, the international classification of tumors, the tumor invasion front and tumor biomarkers (Ki-67, p53, homeobox genes and collagen type IV), as well as the tumor microenvironment and function of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the most common type of oral cancer that is encountered by dental surgeons. In OSCC, associations have been identified between the proliferation, basal lamina degradation and connective tissue modulation. Therefore, the comparison of these factors with the survival time of OSCC patients from the histopathological diagnosis is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rivera
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile ; Biomedical Sciences Master Program, Oral Pathology Mention, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Bernardo Venegas
- Unit of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Yuan FNF, Valiyaparambil J, Woods MC, Tran H, Pant R, Adams JS, Mallya SM. Vitamin D signaling regulates oral keratinocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1625-33. [PMID: 24626468 PMCID: PMC4027942 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The secosteroidal hormone 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] and its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), are crucial regulators of epidermal proliferation and differentiation. However, the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3-directed signaling on oral keratinocyte pathophysiology have not been well studied. We examined the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in regulating proliferation and differentiation in cultured oral keratinocytes and on the oral epithelium in vivo. Using lentiviral-mediated shRNA to silence VDR, we generated an oral keratinocyte cell line with stable knockdown of VDR expression. VDR knockdown significantly enhanced proliferation and disrupted calcium- and 1,25(OH)2D3-induced oral keratinocyte differentiation, emphasizing the anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in oral keratinocytes. Using vitamin D3-deficient diets, we induced chronic vitamin D deficiency in mice as evidenced by decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations. The vitamin D-deficient mice manifested increased proliferation of the tongue epithelium, but did not develop any morphological or histological abnormalities in the oral epithelium, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency alone is insufficient to alter oral epithelial homeostasis and provoke carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses of human and murine oral squamous cell carcinomas showed increased VDR expression. Overall, our results provide strong support for a crucial role for vitamin D signaling in oral keratinocyte pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ning F Yuan
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Michael C Woods
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Huy Tran
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rima Pant
- University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - John S Adams
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanjay M Mallya
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Genomic DNA copy number alterations from precursor oral lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:404-12. [PMID: 24613650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease in which both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the aetiopathogenesis. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a higher incidence among Melanesian and South Asian countries. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to determine common genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) and their frequency by including 12 studies that have been conducted on OSCCs using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In addition, we reviewed the literature dealing with CNAs that drive oral precursor lesions to the invasive tumors. Results showed a sequential accumulation of genetic changes from oral precursor lesions to invasive tumors. With the disease progression, accumulation of genetic changes increases in terms of frequency, type and size of the abnormalities, even on different regions of the same chromosome. Gains in 3q (36.5%), 5p (23%), 7p (21%), 8q (47%), 11q (45%), 20q (31%) and losses in 3p (37%), 8p (18%), 9p (10%) and 18q (11%) were the most common observations among those studies. However, losses are less frequent than gains but it appears that they might be the primary clonal events in causing oral cancer.
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Fujiwara K, Ghosh S, Liang P, Morien E, Soma M, Nagase H. Genome-wide screening of aberrant DNA methylation which associated with gene expression in mouse skin cancers. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:178-88. [PMID: 24115114 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alteration of genomic DNA is a common and key process in carcinogenesis. There is considerable evidence indicating that some of the somatic alterations occurring during carcinogenesis in humans also involve the same processes as those observed in mice. Therefore, we analyzed mouse skin cancer tissues induced by the 2-stage carcinogenesis model to identify skin tumor-specific differentially methylated regions (ST-DMRs) during the multistep carcinogenesis process. We have previously identified ST-DMRs using the restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) technique and reported that some of the mouse ST-DMRs were also epigenetically modified in human cancers, such as melanoma, neuroblastoma, and brain tumor. These results encouraged us to pursue global methylation screening in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) method combined with the NimbleGen promoter plus CpG island (CpGi) array, we identified 615 ST-DMRs. In combination with global gene expression analysis, 91 of these ST-DMRs were shown to be located on or around the genes differentially expressed between normal skin and tumor tissues, including a candidate human tumor suppressor gene Tfap2e. As observed in human colorectal cancers, Tfap2e was methylated at a CpGi located in intron 3 and downregulated in skin tumors. Our results identified aberrant methylated regions that were associated with gene expression regulation during carcinogenesis, which may indicate critical genetic regions also involved in human carcinogenesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujiwara
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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miR-211 promotes the progression of head and neck carcinomas by targeting TGFβRII. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:115-24. [PMID: 23726841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
miR-211 up-regulation and transforming growth factor-β type II receptor (TGFβRII) down-regulation are associated with poor prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). miR-211 directly targets TGFβRII with the miR-211-TGFβRII-c-Myc axis promoting HNSCC progression. An inverse correlation of miR-211 and TGFβRII expression was found in metastatic HNSCC samples. After 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induction, more severe epithelial tumorigenesis was detected on K14-miR-211 transgenic mouse dorsal tongues. Human metastatic lesions and mouse tongue tumors showed increased nuclear c-Myc expression. A novel role for miR-211 in the regulation of TGFβRII and c-Myc during tumorigenesis being revealed should help to develop anti-HNSCC therapies.
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30
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Spiotto MT, Pytynia M, Liu GFF, Ranck MC, Widau R. Animal models to study the mutational landscape for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2013; 4:e1. [PMID: 24422024 PMCID: PMC3886108 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2013.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is likely caused by alterations in gene structure or expression. Recently, next generation sequencing has documented mutations in 106 head and neck squamous cell cancer genomes, suggesting several new candidate genes. However, it remains difficult to determine which mutations directly contributed to cancer. Here, summarize the animal models which have already validated and may test cancer causing mutations identified by next generation sequencing approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed the existing literature on genetically engineered mouse models and next generation sequencing (NGS), as it relates to animal models of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (HNSCC) in PubMed. RESULTS NSG has identified an average of 19 to 130 distinct mutations per HNSCC specimen. While many mutations likely had biological significance, it remains unclear which mutations were essential to, or "drive," carcinogenesis. In contrast, "passenger" mutations also exist that provide no selection advantage. The genes identified by NGS included p53, RAS, Human Papillomavirus oncogenes, as well as novel genes such as NOTCH1, DICER and SYNE1,2. Animal models of HNSCC have already validated some of these common gene mutations identified by NGS. CONCLUSIONS The advent of next generation sequencing will provide new leads to the genetic changes occurring in squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. Animal models will enable us to validate these new leads in order to better elucidate the biology of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Matthew Pytynia
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Gene-Fu F Liu
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Mark C Ranck
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Ryan Widau
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA
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31
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Uchida F, Uzawa K, Kasamatsu A, Takatori H, Sakamoto Y, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Bukawa H. Overexpression of cell cycle regulator CDCA3 promotes oral cancer progression by enhancing cell proliferation with prevention of G1 phase arrest. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:321. [PMID: 22839099 PMCID: PMC3418557 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3), part of the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase, refers to a trigger of mitotic entry and mediates destruction of the mitosis inhibitory kinase. Little is known about the relevance of CDCA3 to human malignancy including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aimed to characterize the expression state and function of CDCA3 in OSCC. Methods We evaluated CDCA3 mRNA and protein expression in both OSCC-derived cell lines and primary OSCCs and performed functional analyses of CDCA3 in OSCC-derived cells using the shRNA system. Results The CDCA3 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was frequently up-regulated in all cell lines examined and primary tumors (mRNA, 51/69, 74 %; protein, 79/95, 83 %) compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant level of CDCA3 protein expression was seen in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) (n = 20) compared with the expression in OSCCs. Among the clinical variables analyzed, the CDCA3 expression status was closely related to tumor size (p < 0.05). In addition, suppression of CDCA3 expression with shRNA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited cellular proliferation compared with the control cells by arresting cell-cycle progression at the G1 phase. Further, there was up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, p15INK4B, and p16INK4A) in the knockdown cells. Conclusion The current results showed that overexpression of CDCA3 occurs frequently during oral carcinogenesis and this overexpression might be associated closely with progression of OSCCs by preventing the arrest of cell-cycle progression at the G1 phase via decreased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, TsukubaIbaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Rivera CA, Droguett DA, Kemmerling U, Venegas BA. Chronic restraint stress in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Res 2011; 90:799-803. [PMID: 21393554 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511399911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic processes have been identified that could associate chronic stress and cancer, but these findings have not been observed in oral cancer. This study examined the role of chronic restraint stress on the incidence and severity of OSCC induced with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in the tongues of CF-1 mice. One hundred twenty CF-1 male mice were divided into 4 groups: (A) received two treatments - restraint stress and induction of chemical carcinogenesis (n = 50); (B) induction of chemical carcinogenesis, without restraint stress (n = 50); (C) restraint stress (n = 10); and (D) control (n = 10). After 30 weeks, tongues were dissected and analyzed by conventional histopathology. The severity of OSSC was analyzed according to the International Histological Classification of Tumors and Bryne's Multifactorial Grading System for the Invasive Tumor Front (ITF). Chronic stress induction was confirmed by plasma corticosterone levels. Results showed that chronic stress was induced with movement restriction (p ≤ 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). However, chronic stress did not increase the incidence (p > 0.05, Chi-square) or severity (p > 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) of the 4-NQO-induced OSSC in the tongues of CF-1 mice. These results suggest that there is no relationship between chronic stress (induced in mice by restraint) and the incidence and severity of OSSC.
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Woods M, Pant R, Mallya SM. Cyclin D1 and cyclin D-dependent kinases enhance oral keratinocyte proliferation but do not block keratinocyte differentiation. Int J Oncol 2011; 37:1471-5. [PMID: 21042715 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of oral epithelial homeostasis requires a fine balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that couple these processes, and its deregulation in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 play an important role in regulating the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Deregulation of cyclin D1 is a frequent event in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we examined whether overexpression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 can deregulate the link between oral keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results show that cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 enhance keratinocyte proliferation, but are not sufficient to block calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and suggest that deregulation of these G1-regulatory kinases alone is insufficient to uncouple the link between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woods
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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Fracalossi ACC, Comparini L, Funabashi K, Godoy C, Iwamura ESM, Nascimento FD, Nader HB, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Ras gene mutation is not related to tumour invasion during rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:325-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Jackson WM, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Potential therapeutic applications of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:505-17. [PMID: 20218920 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003610606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Mesenchymal adult stem cells have properties that make them attractive for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They are inherently plastic, enabling them to differentiate along different lineages, and promote wound healing and regeneration of surrounding tissues by modulating immune and inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis and secreting other trophic factors. Unlike embryonic stem cells, clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells are not encumbered by ethical considerations or legal restrictions. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We discuss skeletal muscle as a source of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells by reviewing their biology and current applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper covers literature from the last 5 - 10 years. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Skeletal muscle is a plentiful source of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. This tissue may be obtained via routine biopsy or collection after surgical debridement. We describe the biology of these cells and provide an overview of therapeutic applications currently being developed to take advantage of their regenerative properties. TAKE HOME MESSAGE There is potential for stem and progenitor cells derived from skeletal muscle to be incorporated in clinical interventions, either as a cellular therapy to modify the natural history of disease or as a component of engineered tissue constructs that can replace diseased or damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Jackson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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