1
|
Lei J, Fu J, Wang T, Guo Y, Gong M, Xia T, Shang S, Xu Y, Cheng L, Lin B. Molecular subtype identification and prognosis stratification by a immunogenic cell death-related gene expression signature in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:635-647. [PMID: 38407877 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2320187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study intended to develop a new immunogenic cell death (ICD)-related prognostic signature for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm was adopted to cluster tumor samples based on ICD gene expression to obtain ICD-related subtypes. Survival analysis and immune microenvironment analysis were conducted among different subtypes. Regression analysis was used to construct the model. Based on riskscore median, cancer patients were classified into high and low risk groups, and independent prognostic ability of the model was analyzed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was adopted to determine the immune infiltration level of both groups. RESULTS We analyzed the differential genes between cluster 4 and cluster 1-3 and obtained 12 genes with the best prognostic features finally (NLGN1, SLC30A3, C3orf20, ADAD2, ATOH1, ATP6V1B1, KCNQ2, MUCL3, RGCC, CLEC17A, COL6A5, and INSL4). In addition, patients with lower risk had higher levels of infiltration of most immune cells, lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) level and higher immunophenscore (IPS) level than those with higher risk. CONCLUSIONS This study constructed and validated the ICD feature signature predicting CRC prognosis and provide a reference criteria for guiding the prognosis and immunotherapy of CRC cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lei
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Mingmin Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Song Shang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Zhejiang Luoxi Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, P.R, China
| | - Binghu Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu J, Gong Y, Xu Z, Chen L, Li S, Cui Y. Prognostic and therapeutic insights into colorectal carcinoma through immunogenic cell death gene profiling. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17629. [PMID: 38938617 PMCID: PMC11210462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
While the significance of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in oncology is acknowledged, its specific impact on colorectal carcinoma remains underexplored. In this study, we delved into the role of ICD in colorectal carcinoma, a topic not yet comprehensively explored. A novel ICD quantification system was developed to forecast patient outcomes and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Utilizing single-cell sequencing, we constructed an ICD score within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and examined immunogenic cell death related genes (ICDRGs). Using data from TCGA and GEO, we discovered two separate molecular subcategories within 1,184 patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma/rectum adenocarcinoma (COADREAD). The ICD score was established by principal component analysis (PCA), which classified patients into groups with low and high ICD scores. Further validation in three independent cohorts confirmed the model's accuracy in predicting immunotherapy success. Patients with higher ICD scores exhibited a "hot" immune phenotype and showed increased responsiveness to immunotherapy. Key genes in the model, such as AKAP12, CALB2, CYR61, and MEIS2, were found to enhance COADREAD cell proliferation, invasion, and PD-L1 expression. These insights offered a new avenue for anti-tumor strategies by targeting ICD, marking advances in colorectal carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Yu
- PuDong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Pudong, China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui District, China
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui District, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui District, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang L, Chen L, Wu B, Xu Y, Chen L. Using Clinical-based Discharge Criteria to Discharge Patients After Endoscopy Procedures Under Drug-induced Intravenous Sedation in the Outpatient Care Unit: An Observational Study. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01113-9. [PMID: 38864800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the feasibility of clinical-based discharge (CBD) criteria and to find out the reasons for the delayed discharge of outpatients after endoscopy procedures under drug-induced intravenous sedation. DESIGN A prospectively observational study conducted at a tertiary endoscopy center. METHODS Medical records were collected from outpatients admitted for endoscopy procedures under drug-induced intravenous sedation from June 1, 2021 to December 30, 2021. Patients were scheduled to discharge at least 30 minutes based on the time-based discharge (TBD) method. Postanesthetic discharge scoring system in the outpatient post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) recorded the time of patients discharged home on the CBD criteria. Postoperative complications were recorded in the PACU and within 24 hours after discharge. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify the factors relating to late discharges. FINDINGS 10,597 patients were safely and successfully discharged home, and we were informed of no serious emergency or accidental readmissions to the hospital. The mean CBD time (21.77 ± 11.35 minutes) was compared with the TBD time (30 minutes) and actual TBD discharge time (61.56 ± 4.93 minutes), which were statistically significant, without changes in the patient's vital signs (P < .01). Primarily, further univariate and multivariate analyses showed that abdominal pain and fatigue were key factors accountable for delay in PACU discharge (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that in patients undergoing ambulatory endoscopy procedures with drug-induced intravenous sedation, discharge times based on physiological scoring systems can efficiently and safely guide ambulatory patient discharge as compared to the traditional TBD method. Postoperative fatigue and pain were the main factors affecting patients discharge associated with a relatively long PACU length of stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Fang
- Nursing Department, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lina Chen
- Nursing Department, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Nursing Department, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Laijuan Chen
- Nursing Department, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng DX, Xu KD, Liu HB, Liu Y. Prognostic value of a nomogram model for postoperative liver metastasis of colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1055-1065. [PMID: 38690047 PMCID: PMC11056678 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i4.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. Liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery is the primary cause of death in patients with colon cancer. AIM To construct a novel nomogram model including various factors to predict liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 242 patients with colon cancer who were admitted and underwent radical resection for colon cancer in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022. Patients were divided into liver metastasis and non-liver metastasis groups. Sex, age, and other general and clinicopathological data (preoperative blood routine and biochemical test indexes) were compared. The risk factors for liver metastasis were analyzed using single-factor and multifactorial logistic regression. A predictive model was then constructed and evaluated for efficacy. RESULTS Systemic inflammatory index (SII), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), alanine aminotransferase, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, and lymphatic metastasis were different between groups (P < 0.05). SII, CAR, and RDW were risk factors for liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery (P < 0.05). The area under the curve was 0.93 for the column-line diagram prediction model constructed based on these risk factors to distinguish whether liver metastasis occurred postoperatively. The actual curve of the column-line diagram predicting the risk of postoperative liver metastasis was close to the ideal curve, with good agreement. The prediction model curves in the decision curve analysis showed higher net benefits for a larger threshold range than those in extreme cases, indicating that the model is safer. CONCLUSION Liver metastases after colorectal cancer surgery could be well predicted by a nomogram based on the SII, CAR, and RDW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Xin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kang-Di Xu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han-Bo Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong F, He S, Guo N, Shi L, Zhang L, Jin H, Kong G. A novel immunogenic cell death-related classification indicates the immune landscape and predicts clinical outcome and treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:139. [PMID: 38627685 PMCID: PMC11022379 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is closely related to anti-tumor therapy and regulates the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aims to explore the molecular characteristics of ICD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to analyze the value of ICD-related biomarkers in TME indication, prognosis prediction, and treatment response evaluation in AML. METHODS Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to calculate the ICD score. LASSO regression was used to construct a prognostic risk score model. We also analyzed differences in clinical characteristics, immune landscape, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy sensitivity between high-risk and low-risk patients. RESULTS This study identified two ICD-related subtypes and found significant heterogeneity in clinical prognosis, TME, and immune landscape between different ICD subtypes. Subsequently, a novel ICD-related prognostic risk score model was developed, which accurately predicted the prognosis of AML patients and was validated in nine AML cohorts. Moreover, there were significant correlations between risk scores and clinicopathological factors, somatic mutations, TME characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, and chemosensitivity. We further validated the model gene expression in a clinically real-world cohort. CONCLUSIONS The novel ICD-related signatures identified and validated by us can serve as promising biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immunotherapy response in AML patients, guiding the establishment of personalized and accurate treatment strategies for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuyang He
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Guo
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Shi
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Kong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han S, Wang Q, Shen M, Zhang X, Wang J. Immunogenic cell death related mRNAs associated signature to predict immunotherapeutic response in osteosarcoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27630. [PMID: 38515694 PMCID: PMC10955266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is related to cancer prognosis, which has a synergic effect in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Yet, the relationship between ICD and osteosarcoma remained unclear. Materials and methods Three osteosarcoma datasets including therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatments (TARGET), GSE126209 and GSE21257 datasets were included. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on ICD-related genes. We performed unsupervised consensus clustering to classify molecular subtypes (clusters). Survival analysis, Estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumour tissues using expression data (ESTIMATE), Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), and differential analysis were employed to characterize the molecular differences between different clusters. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to confirm prognostic genes. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to demonstrate the aberrant expression of ICD-correlated signature genes in osteosarcoma. A series of cellular experiments, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and flow cytometry, were used to demonstrate the regulatory role of key genes in the ICD model on the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma. Results Three clusters (cluster1, 2, 3) were constructed and they showed distinct overall survival and immune infiltration. ICD-related genes were highly expressed in cluster1. Moreover, Cluster1 had the best prognosis, high immune score and high expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related genes. TLR4, LY96, IFNGR1, CD4, and CASP1 were identified as prognostic genes for establishing an ICD-related risk signature. According to the risk signature, two risk groups (high and low risks) showing differential prognosis and response to immunotherapy. The low risks group had a better prognosis but was not sensitive to immunotherapy. Molecular assays verified that prognostic genes were abnormally under-expressed in osteosarcoma. Cellular assays demonstrated that LY96, the most significantly down-regulated gene in osteosarcoma, inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation phenotypes of osteosarcoma cells and prolonged the cell cycle. Analysis of oxidative stress related pathway enrichment in tumor microenvironment was conducted by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Conclusions This study demonstrated the prognostic significance of ICD-correlated genes in osteosarcoma patients. The five-gene risk signature facilitate prognostic evaluation and prediction of osteosarcoma patients' response to immunotherapy. The risk signature also offered a possibility for the exploit of novel ICD-related treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xingpeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu C, Li S. Role of CRH in colitis and colitis-associated cancer: a combinative result of central and peripheral effects? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1363748. [PMID: 38616821 PMCID: PMC11010637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1363748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor family peptides (CRF peptides) comprise corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN1), UCN2 and UCN3. CRH is first isolated in the brain and later with UCNs found in many peripheral cells/tissues including the colon. CRH and UCNs function via the two types of receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, with CRH mainly acting on CRF1, UCN1 on both CRF1 &CRF2 and UCN2-3 on CRF2. Compiling evidence shows that CRH participates in inflammation and cancers via both indirect central effects related to stress response and direct peripheral influence. CRH, as a stress-response mediator, plays a significant central role in promoting the development of colitis involving colon motility, immunity and gut flora, while a few anti-colitis results of central CRH are also reported. Moreover, CRH is found to directly influence the motility and immune/inflammatory cells in the colon. Likewise, CRH is believed to be greatly related to tumorigenesis of many kinds of cancers including colon cancer via the central action during chronic stress while the peripheral effects on colitis-associated-colon cancer (CAC) are also proved. We and others observe that CRH/CRF1 plays a significant peripheral role in the development of colitis and CAC in that CRF1 deficiency dramatically suppresses the colon inflammation and CAC. However, up to date, there still exist not many relevant experimental data on this topic, and there seems to be no absolute clearcut between the central and direct peripheral effects of CRH in colitis and colon cancer. Taken together, CRH, as a critical factor in stress and immunity, may participate in colitis and CAC as a centrally active molecule; meanwhile, CRH has direct peripheral effects regulating the development of colitis and CAC, both of which will be summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang YX, Zhou CP, Wang DT, Ma J, Sun XH, Wang Y, Zhang YM. Unraveling the causal role of immune cells in gastrointestinal tract cancers: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343512. [PMID: 38533503 PMCID: PMC10963466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite early attempts, the relationship between immune characteristics and gastrointestinal tract cancers remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, rigorous and further investigations in this domain hold significant clinical relevance for the development of novel potential immunotherapeutic targets. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the tools available in the "TwoSampleMR" R package. The GWAS data for these 731 immune traits were sourced from the GWAS Catalog database. Concurrently, data on gastrointestinal tract cancers, encompassing malignant tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum, were extracted from the FinnGen database. The immune traits subjected to MR analysis predominantly fall into four categories: median fluorescence intensities (MFI), relative cell (RC), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP). To ensure the reliability of our findings, sensitivity analyses were implemented to address robustness, account for heterogeneity, and alleviate the impact of horizontal pleiotropy. Results A total of 78 immune traits causally linked to gastrointestinal tract cancers were identified, encompassing esophageal cancer (12 traits), gastric cancer (13 traits), small intestine cancer (22 traits), colon cancer (12 traits), and rectal cancer (19 traits). Additionally, 60 immune traits were recognized as protective factors associated with gastrointestinal tract cancers, distributed across esophageal cancer (14 traits), gastric cancer (16 traits), small intestine cancer (7 traits), colon cancer (14 traits), and rectal cancer (9 traits). Furthermore, it was observed that seven immune traits are causally related to gastrointestinal tract cancers in at least two locations. These traits include "CCR2 on CD14- CD16+ monocyte," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38-," "CD19 on IgD+ CD38- naive," "CD25hi CD45RA+ CD4 not Treg AC," "CD27 on unsw mem," "CD28 on CD39+ activated Treg," and "CD45 on CD4+." Conclusion This study elucidates a causal link between immune cells and gastrointestinal tract cancers at various sites through genetic investigation. The findings of this research open up new perspectives and resources for exploring tumor prevention strategies and immunotherapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-ping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Da-tian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-hu Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-ming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benedict A, Suresh V, Selvamani M, Jayaraman S, Hussein MA. Merremia emarginata Extract Potentiates the Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cells (HT-29) via the Modulation of Caspase-3/Bcl-2-Mediated Pathways. Cureus 2024; 16:e56300. [PMID: 38629020 PMCID: PMC11019472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates Merremia emarginata's curative effectiveness against colon cancer cells. M. emarginata, often known as Elika jemudu, is a Convolvulaceae family plant. The inhibitory ability of anticancer herbal extracts against cancer cell growth and mediators is tested. Aim This study aims to evaluate the potent anticancer activity of M. emarginata against colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Materials and methods M. emarginata leaves were gathered and processed using solvent extraction. Anticancer activity on colon cancer cells was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase 3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) mRNA expressions. The data was reported as the mean ± SD of three separate experiments done in triplicate. The statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results The cell viability test showed a gradual decrease in cell growth and proliferation as the concentration increased. The ethanolic extract of M. emarginata was found to be cytotoxic against colon caller cell lines. The extract was able to induce apoptosis of cancer as revealed by Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and caspase-3 (p<0.05 and p<0.001) signaling pathways. Conclusion M. emarginata extracts showed good anticancer activity against colon cancer cell lines. Further work is required to establish and identify the chemical constituent responsible for its anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Benedict
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasugi Suresh
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Muthamizh Selvamani
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Mohammed Asif Hussein
- Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Li Z, Yang W, Pan J, You H, Yang L, Zhang X. Development and verification of a novel immunogenic cell death-related signature for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2007. [PMID: 38425247 PMCID: PMC10905160 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis and tumor immunology of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited the development of immunotherapy. The importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in immunotyping, prognostic assessment and immunotherapy efficacy of cancer has been emphasized, however, potential immunogenic cell death (ICD) related genes function in TME of TNBC has been rarely investigated. AIMS To initially explore the role and related mechanisms of ICD in TNBC, especially the role played in the TME of TNBC, and to identify different relevant subtypes based on ICD, and then develop an ICD-related risk score to predict each TNBC patient TME status, prognosis and immunotherapy response. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identified distinct ICD-related modification patterns based on 158 TNBC cases in the TCGA-TNBC cohort. We then investigated the possible correlation between ICD-related modification patterns and TME cell infiltration characteristics in TNBC. By using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we created a risk scoring system (ICD score) to quantifiably evaluate the impact of ICD-related modification patterns in individual TNBC patient. Two different ICD-related modification patterns were found with significant differences in immune infiltration. Lower ICD score was correlated with higher immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden and significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, indicating a strong ability to activate immune response, which might account for relatively favorable prognosis of TNBC patients and could serve as a predictor to select suitable candidates for immunotherapy. We used two independent cohorts, GSE58812 cohort and Metabric cohort to validate prognosis and immunohistochemistry for preliminary in vitro validation. CONCLUSION This study evidenced that the ICD-related modification patterns might exert pivotal roles in the immune infiltration landscape of TNBC and ICD score might act as potential predictors of prognostic assessment and immunotherapy response. This research provides unique insights for individualize immune treatment strategies and promising immunotherapy candidates screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Department of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Wenkang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Huazong You
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lixiang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li R, Wu Y, Li Y, Shuai W, Wang A, Zhu Y, Hu X, Xia Y, Ouyang L, Wang G. Targeted regulated cell death with small molecule compounds in colorectal cancer: Current perspectives of targeted therapy and molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116040. [PMID: 38142509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a tumor of the digestive system, is characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Currently, targeted therapy of CRC is far away from satisfying. The molecular mechanisms of regulated cell death (RCD) have been clearly elucidated, which can be intervened by drug or genetic modification. Numerous studies have provided substantial evidence linking these mechanisms to the progression and treatment of CRC. The RCD includes apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD), ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, and immunogenic cell death, etc, which provide potential targets for anti-cancer treatment. For the last several years, small-molecule compounds targeting RCD have been a well concerned therapeutic strategy for CRC. This present review aims to describe the function of small-molecule compounds in the targeted therapy of CRC via targeting apoptosis, ADCD, ferroptosis, necroptosis, immunogenic dell death and pyroptosis, and their mechanisms. In addition, we prospect the application of newly discovered cuproptosis and disulfidptosis in CRC. Our review may provide references for the targeted therapy of CRC using small-molecule compounds targeting RCD, including the potential targets and candidate compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Management Department of Scientific Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li W, Zou C. NXNL2 Promotes Colon Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis by Regulating AKT Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7685-7696. [PMID: 37084033 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of nucleoredoxin-like 2 (NXNL2) in colon cancer (CC). The GEPIA and UALCAN databases were analyzed to explore genes involved in the prognosis of CC patients. DLD1 cells were treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacitidine to validate the above findings. The methyltransferase DNMT (DNA methylation) was further knocked down by shRNA, then the expression of NXNL2 was assessed by qPCR. The role of NXNL2 on cell proliferation and metastasis was examined using corresponding assays. NXNL2 was found to exhibit the greatest impact on the prognosis of CC patients. High NXNL2 correlated with poor survival outcomes of CC. The expression of NXNL2 was regulated by DNA methylation. NXNL2 promoted CC cell proliferation and metastasis. Also, NXNL2 promoted the AKT pathway activity. In conclusion, NXNL2 could affect the cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and has a poor survival prognosis in CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Clinical Medical college, Yangtze University, No. 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanxin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Clinical Medical college, Yangtze University, No. 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao J, Zhang Y, Huang M, Liang Z, Gong Y, Liu B, Li Y, Chen J, Wu W, Huang Z, Sun J. Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes induce immunogenic cell death in HepG2 cells via paraptosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106837. [PMID: 37683535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been shown to provide superior antitumor efficacy by activating the innate immune system to recognize, attack and eliminate tumor cells without seriously harming normal cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized three new cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1, Ir2, Ir3) then evaluated their antitumor activity. When co-incubated with HepG2 cells, the complex Ir1 localized in the lysosome, where it induced paraptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Notably, Ir1 also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoted dendritic cell maturation that enhanced effector T cell chemotaxis to tumor tissues, down-regulated proportions of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells within tumor tissues and triggered activation of antitumor immunity throughout the body. To date, Ir1 is the first reported iridium(III) complex-based paraptosis inducer to successfully induce tumor cell ICD. Furthermore, Ir1 induced ICD of HepG2 cells without affecting cell cycle or reactive oxygen species levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Minying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhijun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ben Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng Y, Jin Z, Wang M, Chen D, Zhu M, Huang Y, Xia S, Xiong Z. Definition of a Novel Immunogenic Cell Death-Relevant Gene Signature Associated with Immune Landscape in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2092-2115. [PMID: 36943521 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces anti-tumor immunity and aids in dismantling the immunosuppressive immune microenvironment (TME), which belongs to a type of regulated cell death. The differentiation of gastric cancer (GC) subtypes and the discovery of prognostic biomarkers are crucial for its treatment because GC is a disease that is both highly heterogeneous and aggressive. However, although the induction of ICD in tumor cells is associated with a favorable prognosis, the exact mechanism of its role in GC remains unclear. Transcriptome profiling data and clinical data of GC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Herein, patients were classified with the consensus clustering algorithm, and the associated biological functions and immune microenvironment infiltration were explored based on the expression of ICD-associated genes. A risk score signature consisting of 11 ICD-related genes was established via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) method. We have retrieved similar studies in recent years and compared them with our study using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to explore the association between the signature and tumor microenvironment (TME). Two distinct subtypes associated with ICD in GC were identified, each with a different prognosis. The ICD-high expression subtype was associated with higher immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. The ICD-related gene signature containing 11 genes (CGB5, Z84468.1, APOA5, EPHA8, CLEC18C, TLR7, MUC7, MUC15, CTLA4, CALB2, and UGT2B28), could independently and accurately predict the prognosis of GC. In this study, an ICD-based classification was conducted to assist in the diagnosis and personalized therapy for GC. The ICD-related genes risk score model was established to predict prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Ze Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Mengpei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Shang Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tran TH, Kao M, Liu HS, Hong YR, Su Y, Huang CYF. Repurposing thioridazine for inducing immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer via eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and secretory autophagy pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:184. [PMID: 37488534 PMCID: PMC10364410 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent cancer type with limited targeted therapies available and 5-year survival rate, particularly for late-stage patients. There have been numerous attempts to repurpose drugs to tackle this problem. It has been reported that autophagy inducers could augment the effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents by enhancing immunogenic cell death (ICD). METHODS In this study, we employed bioinformatics tools to identify thioridazine (THD), an antipsychotic drug, and found that it could induce autophagy and ICD in CRC. Then in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of THD in CRC. RESULTS THD was found to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CRC cells by activating the eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and facilitating the accumulation of secretory autophagosomes, leading to ICD. In addition, THD showed a remarkable ICD-activating effect when combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) to prevent tumor progression in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that the repurposed function of THD in inhibiting CRC involves the upregulation of autophagosomes and ER stress signals, promoting the release of ICD markers, and providing a potential candidate to enhance the clinical outcome for CRC treatment. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Ha Tran
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming Kao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- M. Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Su
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li P, Wang W, Wang S, Cao G, Pan T, Huang Y, Wan H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Jin H, Wang Z. PTPRC promoted CD8+ T cell mediated tumor immunity and drug sensitivity in breast cancer: based on pan-cancer analysis and artificial intelligence modeling of immunogenic cell death-based drug sensitivity stratification. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145481. [PMID: 37388747 PMCID: PMC10302730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a result of immune cell infiltration (ICI)-mediated cell death, which is also a novel acknowledgment to regulate cellular stressor-mediated cell death, including drug therapy and radiotherapy. Methods In this study, TCGA and GEO data cohorts were put into artificial intelligence (AI) to identify ICD subtypes, and in vitro experiments were performed. Results Gene expression, prognosis, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity showed significance among ICD subgroups, Besides, a 14-gene-based AI model was able to represent the genome-based drug sensitivity prediction, which was further verified in clinical trials. Network analysis revealed that PTPRC was the pivotal gene in regulating drug sensitivity by regulating CD8+ T cell infiltration. Through in vitro experiments, intracellular down-regulation of PTPRC enhanced paclitaxel tolerance in triple breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Meanwhile, the expression level of PTPRC was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. Furthermore, the down-regulation of PTPRC increased the level of TNBC-derived PD-L1 and IL2. Discussion ICD-based subtype clustering of pan-cancer was helpful to evaluate chemotherapy sensitivity and immune cell infiltration, and PTPRC was a potential target to against drug resistance of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengping Li
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Neuromedicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tonghe Pan
- The Department of Ningbo Eye Hospital, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wan
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yate Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haigang Jin
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leibowitz BJ, Zhao G, Xia W, Wang Y, Ruan H, Zhang L, Yu J. mTOR inhibition suppresses Myc-driven polyposis by inducing immunogenic cell death. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02706-6. [PMID: 37138032 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Myc is a key driver of colorectal cancer initiation and progression, but remains a difficult drug target. In this study, we show that mTOR inhibition potently suppresses intestinal polyp formation, regresses established polyps, and prolongs lifespan of APCMin/+ mice. Everolimus in diet strongly reduces p-4EBP1, p-S6, and Myc levels, and induces apoptosis of cells with activated β-catenin (p-S552) in the polyps on day 3. The cell death is accompanied by ER stress, activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, innate immune cell recruitment, and followed by T-cell infiltration on day 14 persisting for months thereafter. These effects are absent in normal intestinal crypts with physiologic levels of Myc and a high rate of proliferation. Using normal human colonic epithelial cells, EIF4E S209A knockin and BID knockout mice, we found that local inflammation and antitumor efficacy of Everolimus requires Myc-dependent induction of ER stress and apoptosis. These findings demonstrate mTOR and deregulated Myc as a selective vulnerability of mutant APC-driven intestinal tumorigenesis, whose inhibition disrupts metabolic and immune adaptation and reactivates immune surveillance necessary for long-term tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Leibowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Guangyi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang F, Wang Z, Zhu L, Lin C, Wang JX. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognostic Value, and Immune Infiltration Activities of GABRD in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8709458. [PMID: 37181811 PMCID: PMC10169248 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8709458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the tumors with the highest mortality rates. It is of the utmost significance to make an accurate prognostic assessment and to tailor one's treatment to the specific needs of the patient. Multiple lines of evidence point to the possibility that genetic variables and clinicopathological traits are connected to the onset and development of cancer. In the past, a number of studies have revealed that gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD) plays a role in the advancement of a number of different cancers. However, its function in COAD was rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed TCGA datasets and identified 29 survival-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COAD patients. In particular, GABRD expression was noticeably elevated in COAD specimens. There was a correlation between high GABRD expression and an advanced clinical stage. According to the results of the survival tests, patients whose GABRD expression was high had a lower overall survival time and progression-free survival time than those whose GABRD expression was low. GABRD expression was found to be an independent predictive predictor for overall survival, as determined by multivariate COX regression analysis. Additionally, the predictive nomogram model can accurately predict the fate of individuals with COAD. In addition, we observed that GABRD expressions were positively associated with the expression of T cells regulatory (Tregs), macrophages M0, while negatively associated with the expression of T cells CD8, T cells follicular helper, macrophages M1, dendritic cells activated, eosinophils, and T cells CD4 memory activated. The IC50 of BI-2536, bleomycin, embelin, FR-180204, GW843682X, LY317615, NSC-207895, rTRAIL, and VX-11e was higher in the GABRD high-expression group. In conclusion, we have shown evidence that GABRD is a novel biomarker that is connected with immune cell infiltration in COAD and may be utilized to predict the prognosis of COAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | | | - Liyue Zhu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Jia-xing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saeed H, Leibowitz BJ, Zhang L, Yu J. Targeting Myc-driven stress addiction in colorectal cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 69:100963. [PMID: 37119690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene that encodes a powerful regulator of transcription and cellular programs essential for normal development, as well as the growth and survival of various types of cancer cells. MYC rearrangement and amplification is a common cause of hematologic malignancies. In epithelial cancers such as colorectal cancer, genetic alterations in MYC are rare. Activation of Wnt, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/mTOR pathways dramatically increases Myc levels through enhanced transcription, translation, and protein stability. Elevated Myc promotes stress adaptation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion to drive cancer development and therapeutic resistance through broad changes in transcriptional and translational landscapes. Despite intense interest and effort, Myc remains a difficult drug target. Deregulation of Myc and its targets has profound effects that vary depending on the type of cancer and the context. Here, we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of Myc-driven oncogenesis centered around mRNA translation and proteostress. Promising strategies and agents under development to target Myc are also discussed with a focus on colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haris Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian J Leibowitz
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang M, Su Z. Increased expression of GIPC2 in colon adenocarcinoma is associated with a favorable prognosis and high levels of immune cell infiltration. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:66. [PMID: 36799193 PMCID: PMC9996678 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gα‑interacting protein C‑terminus PDZ‑domain‑containing family member 2 (GIPC2) serves an important role in the development of digestive tract tumors; however, its role in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to investigate the association between GIPC2 expression and prognosis, as well as the levels of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells. Immunohistochemical analysis was subsequently performed on 22 pairs of COAD and adjacent normal colon tissues, which were collected during surgery, to verify GIPC2 protein expression. The results showed that the positive rate in the normal intestinal mucosa group (18/22, 81.82%) was significantly higher than that in the COAD group (3/22, 13.64%, χ2=20.497, P<0.001). Gene set enrichment analysis was used to predict the signaling pathways regulated by GIPC2 in COAD, whereas the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the association between GIPC2 expression and immune cell infiltration. The expression levels of GIPC2 were revealed to be significantly downregulated in COAD compared with in normal colon tissues (P<0.05). Notably, the overall survival (P=0.004), disease‑specific survival (P=0.003) and progression‑free interval (P=0.011) rates of the group with high GIPC2 expression were higher compared with those in the group with low GIPC2 expression. In addition, the results of the regression analysis suggested that GIPC2 was an independent prognostic factor for COAD (P=0.007). The expression levels of GIPC2 were significantly associated with tumor stage, lymph node status and lymphatic invasion, and GIPC2 expression was enriched in 'cell cycle checkpoints', 'DNA replication' and 'mitosis‑associated signaling pathways'. In addition, a positive association was observed between high GIPC2 expression and levels of infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, the expression of immune checkpoint‑associated genes was significantly higher in the group with low GIPC2 expression. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that high expression levels of GIPC2 were associated with a favorable prognosis and increased infiltration of immune cells in COAD; therefore, GIPC2 may serve as a biomarker to assess prognosis and the level of immune cell infiltration in patients with COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Tongling City, Tongling, Anhui 244000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoran Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongling City, Tongling, Anhui 244000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang YY, Bao TY, Huang XQ, Lan QW, Huang ZM, Chen YH, Hu ZD, Guo XG. Machine learning algorithm to construct cuproptosis- and immune-related prognosis prediction model for colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:372-388. [PMID: 37009317 PMCID: PMC10052662 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, research into the pathogenesis of colon cancer has progressed rapidly, and cuproptosis is an emerging mode of cellular apoptosis. Exploring the relationship between colon cancer and cuproptosis benefits in identifying novel biomarkers and even improving the outcome of the disease.
AIM To look at the prognostic relationship between colon cancer and the genes associated with cuproptosis and the immune system in patients. The main purpose was to assess whether reasonable induction of these biomarkers reduces mortality among patients with colon cancers.
METHOD Data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus and the Genotype-Tissue Expression were used in differential analysis to explore differential expression genes associated with cuproptosis and immune activation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox regression algorithm was applied to build a cuproptosis- and immune-related combination model, and the model was utilized for principal component analysis and survival analysis to observe the survival and prognosis of the patients. A series of statistically meaningful transcriptional analysis results demonstrated an intrinsic relationship between cuproptosis and the micro-environment of colon cancer.
RESULTS Once prognostic characteristics were obtained, the CDKN2A and DLAT genes related to cuproptosis were strongly linked to colon cancer: The first was a risk factor, whereas the second was a protective factor. The finding of the validation analysis showed that the comprehensive model associated with cuproptosis and immunity was statistically significant. Within the component expressions, the expressions of HSPA1A, CDKN2A, and UCN3 differed markedly. Transcription analysis primarily reflects the differential activation of related immune cells and pathways. Furthermore, genes linked to immune checkpoint inhibitors were expressed differently between the subgroups, which may reveal the mechanism of worse prognosis and the different sensitivities of chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION The prognosis of the high-risk group evaluated in the combined model was poorer, and cuproptosis was highly correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer. It is possible that we may be able to improve patients’ prognosis by regulating the gene expression to intervene the risk score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting-Yu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Sixth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi-Wen Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Medical Imageology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Min Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun X, Sun P, Sui Y, Tan C, Chen Y. Prognostic model based on six feature genes of intestinal flora subtypes predicts survival in colon cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2126898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of IVD Medical Marketing, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Canliang Tan
- Departmemt of General Surgery, the Third Affilliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Macrophages as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in Solid Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010055. [PMID: 36679900 PMCID: PMC9863216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy over the last few decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical care of cancer. Most of the cancer immunotherapeutic regimens approved so far have relied on modulating the adaptive immune system. In recent years, strategies and approaches targeting the components of innate immunity have become widely recognized for their efficacy in targeting solid cancers. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, which can play a crucial role in the generation of anti-tumor immunity through their ability to phagocytose cancer cells and present tumor antigens to the cells of adaptive immunity. However, the macrophages that are recruited to the tumor microenvironment predominantly play pro-tumorigenic roles. Several strategies targeting pro-tumorigenic functions and harnessing the anti-tumorigenic properties of macrophages have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and a few of them have also advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of TAMs and their role in the progression of solid malignancies. We discuss various mechanisms through which TAMs promote tumor progression, such as inflammation, genomic instability, tumor growth, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis, tissue remodeling, and immunosuppression, etc. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TAMs and explore how macrophages can be used as a tool for next-generation immunotherapy for the treatment of solid malignancies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang B. PCDH7 knockdown potentiates colon cancer cells to chemotherapy via inducing ferroptosis and changes in autophagy through restraining MEK1/2/ERK/c-Fos axis. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:445-457. [PMID: 35926236 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment strategy for colon cancer, a prevalent malignancy. The study intends to probe the function and mechanism of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in colon cancer. Gain or loss of functional assays of PCDH7 was performed. MTT and colony formation assay monitored cell proliferation. Transwell measured migration and invasion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot verified the profiles of PCDH7 and the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. Western blot was implemented to confirm the profiles of PP1α, MLC2, and p-MLC2 for evaluating the impact of PCDH7 on homotypic cells in cell (hocic) structures. Further, an in-vivo nude mouse model was engineered to figure out the function and mechanism of PCDH7 in tumor cell growth. As indicated by the data, PCDH7 knockdown boosted the cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. PCDH7 overexpression facilitated their proliferation and invasion, altered autophagy, induced ferroptosis and hocic, and initiated the profile of the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. MEK1/2/ERK inhibition impaired the inhibitory impact of PCDH7 on colon cancer cells' chemotherapy sensitivity and dampened its pro-cancer function in the cells. In-vivo experiments displayed that PCDH7 overexpression stepped up tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in colon cancer cells. All in all, the research has discovered that PCDH7 knockdown affects autophagy and induces ferroptosis, hence strengthening colon cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy by repressing the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jie Y, Yang X, Chen W. Pulsatilla Decoction Combined with 5-Fluorouracil Triggers Immunogenic Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:945-954. [PMID: 34042519 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our research is designed to explore the role of 5-FU and Pulsatilla decoction (PD) through modulation of Immunogenic cell death (ICD) for the co-treatment of Colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xl were measured by Western blot assays. The levels of ATP and HMGB1 in the supernatants of the culture medium were analyzed by ATP assays and the HMGB1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The cell surface levels of CRT were measured by immunofluorescence assays. The tumor growth was analyzed in mice. Results: PD increased 5-FU-induced ICD in CRC cells, as demonstrated by the extracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and the surface levels of calreticulin (CRT). Our mechanism study showed that PD promoted 5-FU-induced ICD by inactivating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, the co-treatment of 5-FU and PD further promoted 5-FU-induced CRT expression and T cell infiltration in vivo. Tumorigenicity analysis revealed that 5-FU combined with PD notably reduced tumor growth. Conclusion: This study indicated that PD enhances 5-FU-induced ICD and anti-tumor effect in CRC by inactivating STAT3. The combined application of 5-FU with PD may improve the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Jie
- Radiotherapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Department of Anorectal, Urumqi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Anorectal, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xie D, Wang Q, Wu G. Research progress in inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017400. [PMID: 36466838 PMCID: PMC9712455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated cell death (RCD) pathway. In response to physical and chemical signals, tumor cells activate specific signaling pathways that stimulate stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and expose damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote antitumor immune responses. As a result, the tumor microenvironment is altered, and many tumor cells are killed. The ICD response in tumor cells requires inducers. These inducers can be from different sources and contribute to the development of the ICD either indirectly or directly. The combination of ICD inducers with other tumor treatments further enhances the immune response in tumor cells, and more tumor cells are killed; however, it also produces side effects of varying severity. New induction methods based on nanotechnology improve the antitumor ability and significantly reduces side effects because they can target tumor cells precisely. In this review, we introduce the characteristics and mechanisms of ICD responses in tumor cells and the DAMPs associated with ICD responses, summarize the current methods of inducing ICD response in tumor cells in five distinct categories: chemical sources, physical sources, pathogenic sources, combination therapies, and innovative therapies. At the same time, we introduce the limitations of current ICD inducers and make a summary of the use of ICD responses in clinical trials. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of ICD inducer development and provide some constructive suggestions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ermine K, Yu J, Zhang L. Role of Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinases in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1579-1593. [PMID: 36157481 PMCID: PMC9485196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinase family consists of seven Serine/Threonine kinases, which plays a key signaling role in cell survival and cell death. Each RIP family member contains a conserved kinase domain and other domains that determine the specific kinase function through protein-protein interactions. RIP1 and RIP3 are best known for their critical roles in necroptosis, programmed necrosis and a non-apoptotic inflammatory cell death process. Dysregulation of RIP kinases contributes to a variety of pathogenic conditions such as inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. In cancer cells, alterations of RIP kinases at genetic, epigenetic and expression levels are frequently found, and suggested to promote tumor progression and metastasis, escape of antitumor immune response, and therapeutic resistance. However, RIP kinases can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor depending on specific tumor types and cellular contexts. Therapeutic agents for targeting RIP kinases have been tested in clinical trials mainly for inflammatory diseases. Deregulated expression of these kinases in different types of cancer suggests that they represent attractive therapeutic targets. The focus of this review is to outline the role of RIP kinases in cancer, highlighting potential opportunities to manipulate these proteins in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Ermine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fang Y, Sun H, Xiao X, Tang M, Tian Z, Wei H, Sun R, Zheng X. Low-dose immunogenic chemotherapeutics promotes immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite stability colon cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040256. [PMID: 36389751 PMCID: PMC9647086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 85% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, who are with microsatellite stability (MSS), are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. To overcome this resistance, combination therapy with chemotherapy is the most common choice. However, many CRC patients do not benefit more from combination therapy than chemotherapy alone. We hypothesize that severe immunosuppression, caused by chemotherapy administered at the maximum tolerated dose, antagonizes the ICB treatment. In this study, we found that low-dose oxaliplatin (OX), an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced drug, increased the antitumor response of TIGIT blockade against CT26 tumor, which is regarded as a MSS tumor. Combined treatment with OX and TIGIT blockade fostered CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumors and delayed tumor progression. Importantly, only low-dose immunogenic chemotherapeutics successfully sensitized CT26 tumors to TIGIT blockade. In contrast, full-dose OX induces severe immunosuppression and impaired the efficacy of combination therapy. Further, we also found that lack of synergy between nonimmunogenic chemotherapeutics and TIGIT blockade. Consequently, this study suggests that the strategies of combination treatment of chemotherapy and ICB should be re-evaluated. The chemotherapeutics should be chosen for the potential to ICD and the dosage and regimen should be also optimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghui Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maoxing Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papadopoulos N, Aloizos G, Tsagarakis A, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Implication of gut microbiome in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1665-1674. [PMID: 36187397 PMCID: PMC9516653 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes the third most frequently reported malignancy in the male population and the second most common in women in the last two decades. Colon carcinogenesis is a complex, multifactorial event, resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations, the impact of environmental factors, as well as the disturbance of the gut microbial ecosystem. The relationship between the intestinal microbiome and carcinogenesis was relatively undervalued in the last decade. However, its remarkable effect on metabolic and immune functions on the host has been in the spotlight as of recent years. There is a strong relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis, bowel pathogenicity and responsiveness to anti-cancer treatment; including immunotherapy. Modifications of bacteriome consistency are closely associated with the immunologic response to immunotherapeutic agents. This condition that implies the necessity of gut microbiome manipulation. Thus, creatingan optimal response for CRC patients to immunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we will review the current literature observing how gut microbiota influence the response of immunotherapy on CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Attica, Greece
| | - Georgios Aloizos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Attica, Greece
| | | | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cao W, Zhang B, Liu Y. Expression of Long Nonencoding Ribonucleic Acid SNHG20 in Colon Cancer Tissue in Its Influences on Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4752782. [PMID: 35915794 PMCID: PMC9338858 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4752782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a kind of RNA that plays a key role in a variety of biological processes, illnesses, and tumours despite the fact that it cannot be translated into proteins. The HT29 colon cancer cell line was utilized to create a 5-FU drug-resistant cell strain (control group), a lentivirus SNHG20 carrier (OE-SNHG20 group), and an SNHG20 shRNA carrier (SNHG20 shRNA carrier group) (SE-SNHG20 group). To determine the expression of cell SNHG20, a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized, and cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) was used to detect the difference in 5-FU inhibitory concentration 50. The goal of the study was to see how variations in long nonencoding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) SNHG20 expression affect colon cancer cell 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapeutic sensitivity by collecting colon cancer and normal para cancer tissues and analysing the differences in SNHG20 expression. The ability of cell cladogenesis was tested using platform cladogenesis. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Western blots revealed the presence of protein phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), caspase-3, e-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) enzymes. The findings revealed that SNHG20 expression was considerably upregulated (P < 0.05) in colon cancer tissue and 5-FU drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Cell 5-FU IC50, cell cladogenesis, cell survival rate, and MMP-9, P-PI3K, and P-AKT expression were all significantly improved. Cell apoptosis and expressions of E-cadherin and caspase-3, on the other hand, were considerably decreased (P < 0.05). Cell 5-FU IC50, cell cladogenesis, cell survival rate, and the expressions of MMP-9, P-PI3K, and P-AKT were all significantly lower in the SE-SNHG20 group, although cell apoptosis and the expressions of E-cadherin and caspase-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The results revealed that lncRNA SNHG20 could inhibit the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU by regulating PI3K/AKT pathways. The inhibition of lncRNA SNHG20 expression could promote the apoptosis and proliferation of 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Cao
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Selvin T, Fasterius E, Jarvius M, Fryknäs M, Larsson R, Andersson CR. Single-cell transcriptional pharmacodynamics of trifluridine in a tumor-immune model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11960. [PMID: 35831404 PMCID: PMC9279337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immunological effects of chemotherapy is of great importance, especially now that we have entered an era where ever-increasing pre-clinical and clinical efforts are put into combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has proved to be a powerful technique with a broad range of applications, studies evaluating drug effects in co-cultures of tumor and immune cells are however scarce. We treated a co-culture comprised of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the nucleoside analogue trifluridine (FTD) and used scRNA-seq to analyze posttreatment gene expression profiles in thousands of individual cancer and immune cells concurrently. ScRNA-seq recapitulated major mechanisms of action previously described for FTD and provided new insight into possible treatment-induced effects on T-cell mediated antitumor responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Selvin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Erik Fasterius
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes R Andersson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yao X, Cao Y, Lu L, Xu Y, Chen H, Liu C, Chen D, Wang K, Xu J, Fang R, Xia H, Li J, Fang Q, Tao Z. Plasmodium infection suppresses colon cancer growth by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis associated with disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in mice. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:192. [PMID: 35668501 PMCID: PMC9169289 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis, and thus new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The antitumor effect of Plasmodium infection has been reported in some murine models, but it is not clear whether it has an anti-colon cancer effect. In this study, we investigated the anti-colon cancer effect of Plasmodium infection and its related mechanisms using a mouse model of colon cancer. METHODS An experimental model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL-infected erythrocytes into mice with colon cancer. The size of tumors was observed dynamically in mice, and the expression of Ki67 detected by immunohistochemistry was used to analyze tumor cell proliferation. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructural change in colon cancer cells, and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis correlative central protein, PGC-1α, and mitophagy relevant crucial proteins, PINK1/Parkin, were detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that Plasmodium infection reduced the weight and size of tumors and decreased the expression of Ki67 in colon cancer-bearing mice. Furthermore, Plasmodium infection promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, as evidenced by the increased proportion of TUNEL-positive cells, the upregulated expression of Bax, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and the downregulated expression of Bcl-2 protein. In colon cancer cells, we found destroyed cell nuclei, swollen mitochondria, missing cristae, and a decreased number of autolysosomes. In addition, Plasmodium infection disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through the reduced expression of PGC-1α, PINK1, and Parkin proteins in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Plasmodium infection can play an anti-colon cancer role in mice by inhibiting proliferation and promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which may relate to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Lu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanxia Xu
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dianyi Chen
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kexue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Runqi Fang
- Clinical Medical Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiangyan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Tao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pączek S, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. Granzymes-Their Role in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095277. [PMID: 35563668 PMCID: PMC9104098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. CRC is considered a heterogeneous disease due to various clinical symptoms, biological behaviours, and a variety of mutations. A number of studies demonstrate that as many as 50% of CRC patients have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. However, despite the fact that social and medical awareness of CRC has increased in recent years and screening programmes have expanded, there is still an urgent need to find new diagnostic tools for early detection of CRC. The effectiveness of the currently used classical tumour markers in CRC diagnostics is very limited. Therefore, new proteins that play an important role in the formation and progression of CRC are being sought. A number of recent studies show the potential significance of granzymes (GZMs) in carcinogenesis. These proteins are released by cytotoxic lymphocytes, which protect the body against viral infection as well specific signalling pathways that ultimately lead to cell death. Some studies suggest a link between GZMs, particularly the expression of Granzyme A, and inflammation. This paper summarises the role of GZMs in CRC pathogenesis through their involvement in the inflammatory process. Therefore, it seems that GZMs could become the focus of research into new CRC biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pączek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.Ł.-Z.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8587
| | - Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.Ł.-Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.Ł.-Z.); (B.M.)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu F, Dai Z, Cheng Q, Xu L, Huang L, Liu Z, Li X, Wang N, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. LncRNA-targeting bio-scaffold mediates triple immune effects for postoperative colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
36
|
Le Naour J, Sztupinszki Z, Carbonnier V, Casiraghi O, Marty V, Galluzzi L, Szallasi Z, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. A loss-of-function polymorphism in ATG16L1 compromises therapeutic outcome in head and neck carcinoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2059878. [PMID: 35481288 PMCID: PMC9037530 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2059878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer immune response is shaped by immunogenic cell stress and death pathways. Thus, cancer cells can release danger-associated molecular patterns that act on pattern recognition receptors expressed by dendritic cells and their precursors to elicit an antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes affecting this cancer-immunity dialogue in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We observed that homozygosity for a loss-of-function SNP (rs2241880, leading to the substitution of a threonine residue in position 300 by an alanine) affecting autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) is coupled to poor progression-free survival in platinum-treated HNSCC patients. This result was obtained on a cohort of patients enrolled at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and was validated on an independent cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Homozygosity in rs2241880 is well known to predispose to Crohn’s disease, and epidemiological associations between Crohn’s disease and HNSCC have been reported at the levels of cancer incidence and prognosis. We speculate that rs2241880 might be partially responsible for this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical and Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform (PETRA), AMMICa Inserm US23/UMS CNRS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEMAP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pôle de Biologie, Paris, France
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tan Y, Lu L, Liang X, Chen Y. Identification of a pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model for predicting prognosis and immune response in colon adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:118. [PMID: 35413978 PMCID: PMC9004096 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis worldwide. Pyroptosis is involved in the initiation and progression of tumors. This research focused on constructing a pyroptosis-related ceRNA network to generate a reliable risk model for risk prediction and immune infiltration analysis of COAD. Methods Transcriptome data, miRNA-sequencing data, and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA database. First, differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified to construct a pyroptosis-related ceRNA network. Second, a pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model was developed applying univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) regression analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were utilized to functionally annotate RNAs contained in the ceRNA network. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and nomogram were applied to validate this risk model. Finally, the relationship of this risk model with immune cells and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-related genes was analyzed. Results A total of 5373 DEmRNAs, 1159 DElncRNAs, and 355 DEmiRNAs were identified. A pyroptosis-related ceRNA regulatory network containing 132 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 5 mRNAs was constructed, and a ceRNA-based pyroptosis-related risk model including 11 lncRNAs was built. The tumor tissues were classified into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high-risk group had a shorter survival time; ROC analysis, independent prognostic analysis, and nomogram further indicated the risk model was a significant independent prognostic factor what had an excellent ability to predict patients’ risk. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis indicated that the risk model was related to immune infiltration cells (i.e., B cell naïve, T cell follicular helper, macrophage M1) and ICB-related genes (i.e., PD-1, CTLA4, HAVCR2). Conclusions This pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model possessed good prognostic value, and the ability to predict the outcome of ICB immunotherapy in COAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02572-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Tan
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ruan H, Leibowitz BJ, Peng Y, Shen L, Chen L, Kuang C, Schoen RE, Lu X, Zhang L, Yu J. Targeting Myc-driven stress vulnerability in mutant KRAS colorectal cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:10. [PMID: 35307764 PMCID: PMC8934835 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS is a key driver in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes Myc translation and Myc-dependent stress adaptation and proliferation. Here, we report that the combination of two FDA-approved drugs Bortezomib and Everolimus (RAD001) (BR) is highly efficacious against mutant KRAS CRC cells. Mechanistically, the combination, not single agent, rapidly depletes Myc protein, not mRNA, and leads to GCN2- and p-eIF2α-dependent cell death through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Cell death is selectively induced in mutant KRAS CRC cells with elevated basal Myc and p-eIF2α and is characterized by CHOP induction and transcriptional signatures in proteotoxicity, oxidative stress, metabolic inhibition, and immune activation. BR-induced p-GCN2/p-eIF2α elevation and cell death are strongly attenuated by MYC knockdown and enhanced by MYC overexpression. The BR combination is efficacious against mutant KRAS patient derived organoids (PDO) and xenografts (PDX) by inducing p-eIF2α/CHOP and cell death. Interestingly, an elevated four-gene (DDIT3, GADD45B, CRYBA4 and HSPA1L) stress signature is linked to shortened overall survival in CRC patients. These data support that Myc-dependent stress adaptation drives the progression of mutant KRAS CRC and serves as a therapeutic vulnerability, which can be targeted using dual translational inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Brian J. Leibowitz
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yingpeng Peng
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Lin Shen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008 P.R. China
| | - Lujia Chen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Charlie Kuang
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jian Yu
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, Suite 2.26h, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ou C, Kang S, Xue R, Lai J, Zhang Y. Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Assisted Intravenous Anesthesia on Gastrointestinal Motility in Colon Cancer Patients After Open Colectomy. Front Surg 2022; 9:842776. [PMID: 35284494 PMCID: PMC8913499 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.842776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex)-assisted intravenous anesthesia on gastrointestinal motility in patients with colon cancer (CC) after open colectomy. Methods A total of 102 patients with CC, undergoing open colectomy in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020, were selected and randomly divided into an observation group (n = 51) and a control group (n = 51). The patients in the control group received a routine combination of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia (CIIA), while those in the observation group received a Dex-assisted CIIA. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared at different time points between the two groups. In addition, the intraoperative general conditions, the dosage of anesthetics, and the recovery of gastrointestinal functions were also compared between the two groups. Moreover, before operation and at 24 h after operation, the levels of serum gastrin (GAS) and plasma motilin (MTL) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and the level of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The incidence of gastrointestinal complications was recorded in both groups. Results At T1-T3, the HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP levels were lower in both groups than those at T0. In addition, they were also lower in the observation group than those in the control group, showing significant differences (p < 0.05). The dosage of propofol and remifentanil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05). In the observation group, the postoperative first exhaust time, first defecation time, first ambulation time, and first feeding time were all earlier than those in the control group with significant differences (p < 0.05). After the operation, the observation group had higher levels of GAS and MTL but a lower level of CCK than the control group, and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The incidence rate of gastrointestinal complications in the observation group (7.04%) was lower than that in the control group (19.61%), and there was a significant difference (χ2 = 4.346, p < 0.05). Conclusions Dex-assisted intravenous anesthesia can facilitate the recovery of gastrointestinal motility, can regulate the levels of gastrointestinal hormones, and can stabilize the levels of hemodynamic indexes in patients with CC after open colectomy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Chen Z, Han J, Ma X, Zheng X, Chen J. Functional and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781233. [PMID: 35186730 PMCID: PMC8847181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its acquisition of resistance to treatment become the research hotspots. As an important component of TME, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate multiple critical oncogenic processes, namely, occurrence, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance in CRC. In this review, we have discussed the functional and therapeutic significance of TAMs in CRC. M1 macrophages act as the tumor suppressor while M2 macrophages promote CRC. The polarization of TAMs is mainly regulated by the pathways such as NFKB1 pathways, STAT3 pathways, WNT5A pathways, and PI3K pathways in CRC. Furthermore, the M2 polarization of TAMs is not only controllable but also reversible. Finally, we provide insights into the TAMs-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. A synopsis of modern - day colorectal cancer: Where we stand. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
42
|
Codelivery of Shikonin and siTGF-β for enhanced triple negative breast cancer chemo-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:308-320. [PMID: 35031387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although chemoimmunotherapy has achieved considerable success in cancer treatment in recent years, the cure for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. The unsatisfied outcomes are likely attributed to deficient tumor immunogenicity, a strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and tumor metastasis. To address this issue, we constructed an effective codelivery system, combined with tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) small interference RNA (siTGF-β) and shikonin (SK), to achieve successful chemoimmunotherapy of TNBC. The SK/siTGF-β NPs (approximately 110 nm) exhibited a uniform structure and good stability. Conjugated FA presented enhanced cellular uptake in 4 T1 cells, and siTGF-β escaped from lysosomes because of the "proton sponge" effect of PEI. Furthermore, SK actually induced satisfactory immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the resulting dendritic cell (DC) maturation facilitated a distinctly enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, generating a positive effect on tumor suppression. Simultaneously, the successful silencing of TGF-β alleviated the TGF-β-mediated ITM and inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributing to the infiltration of CTLs, suppression of regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) proliferation and lung metastasis inhibition. Thus, the SK/siTGF-β NPs demonstrated the strongest therapeutic effect with delayed tumor growth (TIR = 88.5%) and lung metastasis restraint (77.3%). More importantly, tumor rechallenge assay suggested that the codelivery system produced a long-term immunological memory response to prevent tumor recurrence. Based on boosting the immune response and combating the ITM, SK/siTGF-β NPs would be a potential approach for TNBC therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Azmanova M, Pitto-Barry A. Oxidative stress in cancer therapy: Friend or enemy? Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100641. [PMID: 35015324 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive cellular oxidative stress is widely perceived as a key factor in pathophysiological conditions and cancer development. Healthy cells use several mechanisms to maintain intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and overall redox homeostasis to avoid damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Cancer cells, in contrast, exhibit elevated ROS levels and upregulated protective antioxidant pathways. Counterintuitively, such elevated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defence mechanisms in cancer cells provide a therapeutic opportunity for the development of drugs with different anticancer mechanisms of action (MoA). In this review, oxidative stress and the role of ROS in cells are described. The tumour-suppressive and tumour-promotive functions of ROS are discussed to compare these two different therapeutic strategies (increasing or decreasing ROS to fight cancer). Clinically approved drugs with demonstrated oxidative stress anticancer MoAs are highlighted before describing examples of metal-based anticancer drug candidates causing oxidative stress in cancer cells via novel MoAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azmanova
- University of Bradford, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, Bradford, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tang J, Yang Y, Qu J, Ban W, Song H, Gu Z, Yang Y, Cai L, Theivendran S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yu C. Mesoporous sodium four-coordinate aluminosilicate nanoparticles modulate dendritic cell pyroptosis and activate innate and adaptive immunity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8507-8517. [PMID: 35974763 PMCID: PMC9337734 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death widely studied in cancer cells for tumour inhibition, but rarely in dendritic cell (DC) activation for vaccine development. Here, we report the synthesis of sodium stabilized mesoporous aluminosilicate nanoparticles as DC pyroptosis modulators and antigen carriers. By surface modification of sodium-stabilized four-coordinate aluminium species on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the resultant Na-IVAl-DMSN significantly activated DC through caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis via pH responsive intracellular ion exchange. The released proinflammatory cellular contents further mediated DC hyperactivation with prolonged cytokine release. In vivo studies showed that Na-IVAl-DMSN induced enhanced cellular immunity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory T cells as well as humoral immune response. Our results provide a new principle for the design of next-generation nanoadjuvants for vaccine applications. Na-IVAl-DMSN acts as both antigen carriers and modulators to “hyperactivate” dendritic cells (DCs) via potassium (K+) efflux dependent pyroptosis, eventually leading to enhanced adaptive and innate immunity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenhuang Ban
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shevanuja Theivendran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Spyridopoulou K, Aindelis G, Pappa A, Chlichlia K. Anticancer Activity of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles: Apoptotic and Immunogenic Cell Death Markers in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5335. [PMID: 34771499 PMCID: PMC8582357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a health problem with high mortality rates and prevalence. Thus, innovative treatment approaches need to be developed. Biogenic nanoparticles are nanomaterials that can be synthesised in biological systems and, compared to chemically synthesised nanoparticles, have better bioavailability while being more cost-effective, eco-friendlier, and less toxic. In our previous studies, the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was used to synthesise selenium nanoparticles (SeNps), which were shown to inhibit colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we have further investigated SeNps' pro-apoptotic activity and their ability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in colon cancer cells. The SeNps' effect on Caco-2 cells growth was examined along with their potential to induce caspase activation. Moreover, the expression of typical pro-apoptotic and ICD markers were examined in SeNps-treated HT29 and CT26 cells by flow cytometry, Western blot, ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. Elevated caspase-3 activation and surface phosphatyldoserine, that subsided upon co-incubation with a pan-caspase inhibitor, were detected in SeNps-treated cells. Furthermore, nanoparticles induced modulation of the expression of various apoptosis-related proteins. We also report the detection of biomarkers involved in ICD, namely the translocation of calreticulin and ERp57, the release of HMGB1 and ATP, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from SeNps-treated cells. Moreover, RAW246.7 macrophages exhibited a higher rate of phagocytosis against treated CT26 when compared to control cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that treatment with SeNps might be an efficient strategy to destroy tumour cells by inducing apoptotic cell death and triggering immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katerina Chlichlia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ren Y, Zhao C, He Y, Min X, Xu H, Hu X. RPARP-AS1/miR125a-5p Axis Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Colon Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5035-5043. [PMID: 34675548 PMCID: PMC8520480 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s304494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was reported that long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) had been identified as a novel class of regulators related to various cancers. RPARP-AS1, a differentially-expressed gene, was found in analysis of the gene expression profile of CRC from GEO database. However, its function has not been clear. Methods RPARP-AS1 expression was determined by qPCR and Startbase3 analysis. Knockdown of RPARP-AS1 in CRC cell lines was performed by RNAi technology, named si-RPARP-AS1 HCT116 and si-RPARP-AS1 LoVo. Cell proliferation was examined by CCK8 and colony formation assay. RNA pull-down and Luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm the interaction between RPARP-AS1 and miR-125a-5p. Results In the study, we found that the expression of RPARP-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues and multiple CRC cell lines, which was closely related to poor prognosis of CRC patients. Loss-of-function studies indicated that knockdown of RPARP-AS1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCT116 and LoVo cell lines. Results of research on the mechanisms showed that RPARP-AS1 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-125a-5p, therefore promoting CRC procession. Conclusion In summary, these results indicated that RPARP-AS1/miR-125a-5p axis played a positive role in promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion in CC. It may be as a biomarker used to evaluate CRC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuli Min
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Arai H, Xiao Y, Loupakis F, Kawanishi N, Wang J, Battaglin F, Soni S, Zhang W, Mancao C, Salhia B, Mumenthaler SM, Weisenberger DJ, Liang G, Cremolini C, Falcone A, Millstein J, Lenz HJ. Immunogenic cell death pathway polymorphisms for predicting oxaliplatin efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001714. [PMID: 33172883 PMCID: PMC7656952 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a tumor cell death involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Given published findings that oxaliplatin, but not irinotecan, drives ICD, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ICD pathway are associated with the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods Two randomized clinical trials data were analyzed: discovery cohort, FOLFOX/bevacizumab arm (MAVERICC); validation cohort, FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab arm (TRIBE); and two control cohorts, FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arms (both trials). Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples was genotyped. Ten SNPs in the ICD pathway were tested for associations with clinical outcomes. Results In total, 648 patients were included. In the discovery cohort, three SNPs were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in univariate analysis: CALR rs1010222 with progression-free survival (G/G vs any A, HR=0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.88), ANXA1 rs1050305 with overall survival (OS) (A/A vs any G, HR=1.87, 95% CI 1.04–3.35), and LRP1 rs1799986 with OS (C/C vs any T, HR=1.69, 95% CI 1.07–2.70). Multivariate analysis confirmed the trend, but statistical significance was not reached. In the validation cohort, ANXA1 rs1050305, and LRP1 rs1799986 were validated to have the significant associations with clinical outcome. No significant associations of these SNPs were observed in the two control cohorts. Treatment-by-SNP interaction test confirmed the predictive values. Conclusions The predictive utility of ICD-related SNPs for the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was demonstrated, warranting further validation studies to be translated into personalized treatment strategies using conventional cytotoxic agents in mCRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Natsuko Kawanishi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Mancao
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mahmud KM, Niloy MS, Shakil MS, Islam MA. Ruthenium Complexes: An Alternative to Platinum Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1295. [PMID: 34452256 PMCID: PMC8398452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the intimidating causes of death around the world. CRC originated from mutations of tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Though platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drugs have been widely used in the treatment of cancer, their toxicity and CRC cells' resistance to Pt drugs has piqued interest in the search for alternative metal-based drugs. Ruthenium (Ru)-based compounds displayed promising anticancer activity due to their unique chemical properties. Ru-complexes are reported to exert their anticancer activities in CRC cells by regulating different cell signaling pathways that are either directly or indirectly associated with cell growth, division, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, some Ru-based drug candidates showed higher potency compared to commercially available Pt-based anticancer drugs in CRC cell line models. Meanwhile Ru nanoparticles coupled with photosensitizers or anticancer agents have also shown theranostic potential towards CRC. Ru-nanoformulations improve drug efficacy, targeted drug delivery, immune activation, and biocompatibility, and therefore may be capable of overcoming some of the existing chemotherapeutic limitations. Among the potential Ru-based compounds, only Ru (III)-based drug NKP-1339 has undergone phase-Ib clinical trials in CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mahruba Sultana Niloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang J, Zhou M, Chen F, Liu X, Gao J, Wang W, Wang H, Yu H. Stimuli-Sheddable Nanomedicine Overcoming Pathophysiological Barriers for Potentiating Immunotherapy of Cancer. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1486-1509. [PMID: 34544528 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy displays potent potential for clinical cancer management by activating the protective immune response; however, the microenvironment of the immunosuppressive tumor restricts the efficiency of immunotherapies. Along with the complex pathophysiological barrier of the solid tumors, successful immunotherapeutic delivery remains a formidable challenge for conventional nanomedicine. Stimuli-sheddable nano vectors may facilitate the delivery of cargoes to tumors with minimal premature cargo leakage in blood circulation while enhancing the tumor penetration of nanomedicines by deshielding the polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona upon endogenous activity such as acidity, enzymes and glutathione, or external stimuli, such as laser irradiation. Throughout this study, researchers overviewed the recent advances of nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy using the stimuli-responsive deshielding nano vectors, which allowed researchers to integrate multiple therapeutic regimens for inducing immunogenic cell death. This aided in blocking the immune checkpoints, repolarizing the macrophages, and regulating the kynurenine metabolism. Furthermore, researchers discussed the critical issues in the development of stimuli-sheddable nanoimmunodulators, primarily aimed at speeding up their clinical translation. Finally, researchers provided novel perspectives for improving cancer management with the stimuli-sheddable nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Magnolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Magnolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cai C, Long J, Huang Q, Han Y, Peng Y, Guo C, Liu S, Chen Y, Shen E, Long K, Wang X, Yu J, Shen H, Zeng S. M6A "Writer" Gene METTL14: A Favorable Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Rectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:615296. [PMID: 34221955 PMCID: PMC8247640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer (RC) is the leading cause of tumor-related death among both men and women. The efficacy of immunotherapy for rectal cancer is closely related to the immune infiltration level. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification may play a pivotal role in tumor-immune interactions. However, the roles of m6A-related genes in tumor-immune interactions of rectal cancer remain largely unknown. After an evaluation on the expression levels of m6A-related genes and their correlations with the prognosis of rectal cancer patients, we found that METTL14 was the only gene to be significantly correlated with prognosis in rectal cancer patients. Therefore, we further observed the impact of METTL14 expression and m6A modification on the immune infiltration in rectal cancer. Our study indicates that low expression of the m6A “writer” gene METTL14 in rectal cancer may lead to the downregulation of m6A RNA modification, thus reducing the level of immune cell infiltration and resulting in poor prognosis. METTL14 expression level is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer and is positively correlated with the immune infiltration level. Our study identified METTL14 as a potential target for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy in rectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yinghui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cao Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Edward Shen
- Department of Life Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kexin Long
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|