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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ, Waugh JL. In humans, striato-pallido-thalamic projections are largely segregated by their origin in either the striosome-like or matrix-like compartments. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1178473. [PMID: 37954873 PMCID: PMC10634229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1178473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops are fundamental organizing units in mammalian brains. CSTCs process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information in largely separated but interacting networks. CTSC loops pass through paired striatal compartments, striosome (aka patch) and matrix, segregated pools of medium spiny projection neurons with distinct embryologic origins, cortical/subcortical structural connectivity, susceptibility to injury, and roles in behaviors and diseases. Similarly, striatal dopamine modulates activity in striosome and matrix in opposite directions. Routing CSTCs through one compartment may be an anatomical basis for regulating discrete functions. We used differential structural connectivity, identified through probabilistic diffusion tractography, to distinguish the striatal compartments (striosome-like and matrix-like voxels) in living humans. We then mapped compartment-specific projections and quantified structural connectivity between each striatal compartment, the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and 20 thalamic nuclei in 221 healthy adults. We found that striosome-originating and matrix-originating streamlines were segregated within the GPi: striosome-like connectivity was significantly more rostral, ventral, and medial. Striato-pallido-thalamic streamline bundles that were seeded from striosome-like and matrix-like voxels transited spatially distinct portions of the white matter. Matrix-like streamlines were 5.7-fold more likely to reach the GPi, replicating animal tract-tracing studies. Striosome-like connectivity dominated in six thalamic nuclei (anteroventral, central lateral, laterodorsal, lateral posterior, mediodorsal-medial, and medial geniculate). Matrix-like connectivity dominated in seven thalamic nuclei (centromedian, parafascicular, pulvinar-anterior, pulvinar-lateral, ventral lateral-anterior, ventral lateral-posterior, ventral posterolateral). Though we mapped all thalamic nuclei independently, functionally-related nuclei were matched for compartment-level bias. We validated these results with prior thalamostriate tract tracing studies in non-human primates and other species; where reliable data was available, all agreed with our measures of structural connectivity. Matrix-like connectivity was lateralized (left > right hemisphere) in 18 thalamic nuclei, independent of handedness, diffusion protocol, sex, or whether the nucleus was striosome-dominated or matrix-dominated. Compartment-specific biases in striato-pallido-thalamic structural connectivity suggest that routing CSTC loops through striosome-like or matrix-like voxels is a fundamental mechanism for organizing and regulating brain networks. Our MRI-based assessments of striato-thalamic connectivity in humans match and extend the results of prior tract tracing studies in animals. Compartment-level characterization may improve localization of human neuropathologies and improve neurosurgical targeting in the GPi and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Asim A. O. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jeff L. Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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2
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Calzolari S, Jalali R, Fernández-Espejo D. Characterising stationary and dynamic effective connectivity changes in the motor network during and after tDCS. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119915. [PMID: 36736717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms behind the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at a network level are still poorly understood, with most studies to date focusing on local (cortical) effects and changes in motor-evoked potentials or BOLD signal. Here, we explored stationary and dynamic effective connectivity across the motor network at rest in two experiments where we applied tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1-tDCS) or the cerebellum (cb-tDCS) respectively. Two cohorts of healthy volunteers (n = 21 and n = 22) received anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS sessions (counterbalanced) during 20 min of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We used spectral Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and hierarchical Parametrical Empirical Bayes (PEB) to analyze data after (compared to a pre-tDCS baseline) and during stimulation. We also implemented a novel dynamic (sliding windows) DCM/PEB approach to model the nature of network reorganisation across time. In both experiments we found widespread effects of tDCS that extended beyond the targeted area and modulated effective connectivity between cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. These changes were characterised by unique nonlinear temporal fingerprints across connections and polarities. Our results support growing research challenging the classic notion of anodal and cathodal tDCS as excitatory and inhibitory respectively, as well as the idea of a cumulative effect of tDCS over time. Instead, they described a rich set of changes with specific spatial and temporal patterns. Our work provides a starting point for advancing our understanding of network-level tDCS effects and may guide future work to optimise its cognitive and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calzolari
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roya Jalali
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Davinia Fernández-Espejo
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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3
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Nett KE, LaLumiere RT. Infralimbic cortex functioning across motivated behaviors: Can the differences be reconciled? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:704-721. [PMID: 34624366 PMCID: PMC8642304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The rodent infralimbic cortex (IL) is implicated in higher order executive functions such as reward seeking and flexible decision making. However, the precise nature of its role in these processes is unclear. Early evidence indicated that the IL promotes the extinction and ongoing inhibition of fear conditioning and cocaine seeking. However, evidence spanning other behavioral domains, such as natural reward seeking and habit-based learning, suggests a more nuanced understanding of IL function. As techniques have advanced and more studies have examined IL function, identifying a unifying explanation for its behavioral function has become increasingly difficult. Here, we discuss evidence of IL function across motivated behaviors, including associative learning, drug seeking, natural reward seeking, and goal-directed versus habit-based behaviors, and emphasize how context-specific encoding and heterogeneous IL neuronal populations may underlie seemingly conflicting findings in the literature. Together, the evidence suggests that a major IL function is to facilitate the encoding and updating of contingencies between cues and behaviors to guide subsequent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle E Nett
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Ryan T LaLumiere
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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4
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Kim A, Lalonde K, Truesdell A, Gomes Welter P, Brocardo PS, Rosenstock TR, Gil-Mohapel J. New Avenues for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168363. [PMID: 34445070 PMCID: PMC8394361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the HD gene. The disease is characterized by neurodegeneration, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The first symptoms usually appear in mid-life and include cognitive deficits and motor disturbances that progress over time. Despite being a genetic disorder with a known cause, several mechanisms are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration in HD, and numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted and are currently underway to test the efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting some of these mechanisms with varying degrees of success. Although current clinical trials may lead to the identification or refinement of treatments that are likely to improve the quality of life of those living with HD, major efforts continue to be invested at the pre-clinical level, with numerous studies testing novel approaches that show promise as disease-modifying strategies. This review offers a detailed overview of the currently approved treatment options for HD and the clinical trials for this neurodegenerative disorder that are underway and concludes by discussing potential disease-modifying treatments that have shown promise in pre-clinical studies, including increasing neurotropic support, modulating autophagy, epigenetic and genetic manipulations, and the use of nanocarriers and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kim
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathryn Lalonde
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Aaron Truesdell
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Priscilla Gomes Welter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Tatiana R. Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-472-4597; Fax: +1-250-472-5505
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Desai R, Fritz NE, Muratori L, Hausdorff JM, Busse M, Quinn L. Evaluation of gait initiation using inertial sensors in Huntington's Disease: insights into anticipatory postural adjustments and cognitive interference. Gait Posture 2021; 87:117-122. [PMID: 33906090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the contribution of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) to walking ability in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) may provide insight into motor planning and the functional consequences of HD-specific cortical-basal ganglia pathway dysfunctions. RESEARCH QUESTION How do inertial measurement unit (IMU)-derived APAs and first step parameters differ between individuals with HD and non-HD peers under no load and cognitive load conditions, and what is their relationship to gait speed and clinical measures? METHODS 33 individuals with manifest HD and 15 non-HD peers wore three Opal APDM IMUs during a 14-meter walk under no load and cognitive load conditions. APA acceleration amplitudes, APA durations, first step range of motion (ROM), and first step durations were compared, along with their relationship to gait speed. RESULTS Individuals with HD had greater APA acceleration amplitudes, smaller first step ROM and longer first step durations compared to non-HD peers. No differences in APA durations were present between groups in both conditions. Cognitive loading influenced first step ROM but not other APA parameters. Mediolateral APA acceleration amplitudes were a significant predictor of gait speed and were related to disease-specific measures. SIGNIFICANCE Larger acceleration amplitudes and smaller first step ROMs of greater duration, accompanied by the preservation of APA durations, reveal a discrepancy in movement scaling in HD. Additionally, the mediolateral component of the APA is likely a rate-limiting factor that drives a compensatory response in gait initiation. Further research is needed to explore the neural correlates of HD-related movement scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Desai
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nora E Fritz
- Wayne State University, Program in Physical Therapy, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Lisa Muratori
- Physical Therapy Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Monica Busse
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Lori Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Bar Or M, Klavir O. The Differential Effects of the Amount of Training on Sensitivity of Distinct Actions to Reward Devaluation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060732. [PMID: 34072904 PMCID: PMC8228187 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifting between goal-directed and habitual behaviors is essential for daily functioning. An inability to do so is associated with various clinical conditions, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we developed a new behavioral model in mice allowing us to produce and examine the development of different behaviors under goal-directed or habitual control. By using overtraining of instrumental associations between two levers and two rewards, and later devaluating one of the rewards, we differentiate and explore the motivational control of behaviors within the task which consequentially promotes what seems like excessive irrational behavior. Using our model, we found that the ability of instrumental behavior, to adapt to a change in the value of a known reward, is a function of practice. Once an instrumental action was practiced extensively it becomes habitual and, thus, under S-R control and could not be amended, not even when resulting in a noxious outcome. However, direct consummatory or Pavlovian actions, such as licking or checking, responds immediately to the change in value. This imbalance could render an instrumental behavior excessive and unresponsive to changes in outcome while the direct change in consumption implies that the change was in fact registered. This could suggest a system that, when out of balance, can create excessive behaviors, not adapting to an acknowledged change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bar Or
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Oded Klavir
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), The University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Correspondence:
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7
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Morales-Martínez A, Zamorano-Carrillo A, Montes S, El-Hafidi M, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Soria-Castro E, Martínez-Lazcano JC, Martínez-Gopar PE, Ríos C, Pérez-Severiano F. Rich fatty acids diet of fish and olive oils modifies membrane properties in striatal rat synaptosomes. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:1-12. [PMID: 30822260 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1584692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Essential fatty acids (EFAs) and non-essential fatty acids (nEFAs) exert experimental and clinical neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The main EFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), nEFAs, and oleic acid (OA) contained in olive and fish oils are inserted into the cell membranes, but the exact mechanism through which they exert neuroprotection is still unknown. Objectives and Methods: In this study, we assessed the fatty acids content and membrane fluidity in striatal rat synaptosomes after fatty acid-rich diets (olive- or a fish-oil diet, 15% w/w). Then, we evaluated the effect of enriching striatum synaptosomes with fatty acids on the oxidative damage produced by the prooxidants ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) or quinolinic acid (QUIN). Results and Discussion: Lipid profile analysis in striatal synaptosomes showed that EPA content increased in the fish oil group in comparison with control and olive groups. Furthermore, we found that synaptosomes enriched with fatty acids and incubated with QUIN or FeSO4 showed a significant oxidative damage reduction. Results suggest that EFAs, particularly EPA, improve membrane fluidity and confer antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Morales-Martínez
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biofísica Computacional, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Absalom Zamorano-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biofísica Computacional, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Camilo Ríos
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
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Cruickshank T, Reyes A, Pulverenti TS, Rankin T, Bartlett DM, Blazevich AJ, Poudel G, Ziman M, Trajano GS. Rate of torque development and striatal shape in individuals with prodromal Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15103. [PMID: 32934257 PMCID: PMC7492215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to quantify explosive joint torque or the ability to develop joint torque rapidly, typically measured as the rate of torque development, in individuals with prodromal Huntington’s disease and healthy controls and its associations with measures of disease burden and striatal pathology. Twenty prodromal Huntington’s disease and 19 healthy control individuals volunteered for this study. Plantar flexor isometric rate of torque development values were evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry. Pathological changes in striatal shape were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Disease burden was evaluated using the disease burden score and cytosine-adenine-guanine age product score. No statistical differences in the rate of torque development were observed between individuals with prodromal Huntington’s disease and healthy controls. However, significant associations were observed between the rate of torque development values and measures of disease burden (r = −0.42 to −0.69) and striatal pathology (r = 0.71–0.60) in individuals with prodromal Huntington’s disease. We found significant associations between lower rate of torque development values and greater striatal shape deflation and disease burden and striatal pathology in individuals with prodromal Huntington’s disease. While no significant differences in the rate of torque development were found between prodromal Huntington’s disease and healthy controls, the noted associations suggest that differences may emerge as the disease advances, which should be investigated longitudinally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Cruickshank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia. .,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Alvaro Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Rehabilitacion, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Timothy S Pulverenti
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Tim Rankin
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Danielle M Bartlett
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.,Centre for Exercise and Sports Science (CESSR), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Govinda Poudel
- Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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Furlong LS, Jakabek D, Power BD, Owens-Walton C, Wilkes FA, Walterfang M, Velakoulis D, Egan G, Looi JC, Georgiou-Karistianis N. Morphometric in vivo evidence of thalamic atrophy correlated with cognitive and motor dysfunction in Huntington's disease: The IMAGE-HD study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 298:111048. [PMID: 32120305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Huntington's disease (HD), neurodegeneration causes progressive atrophy to the striatum, cortical areas, and white matter tracts - components of corticostriatal circuitry. Such processes may affect the thalamus, a key circuit node. We investigated whether differences in dorsal thalamic morphology were detectable in HD, and whether thalamic atrophy was associated with neurocognitive, neuropsychiatric and motor dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical outcome measures were obtained from 34 presymptomatic HD (pre-HD), 29 early symptomatic HD (symp-HD), and 26 healthy control individuals who participated in the IMAGE-HD study. Manual region of interest (ROI) segmentation was conducted to measure dorsal thalamic volume, and thalamic ROI underwent shape analysis using the spherical harmonic point distribution method. The symp-HD group had significant thalamic volumetric reduction and global shape deflation, indicative of atrophy, compared to pre-HD and control groups. Thalamic atrophy significantly predicted neurocognitive and motor dysfunction within the symp-HD group only. Thalamic morphology differentiates symp-HD from pre-HD and healthy individuals. Thalamic changes may be one of the structural bases (endomorphotypes), of the endophenotypic neurocognitive and motor manifestations of disease. Future research should continue to investigate the thalamus as a potential in vivo biomarker of disease progression in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Furlong
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - David Jakabek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Brian D Power
- School of Medicine Fremantle, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, North Metropolitan Health Service - Mental Health, WA, Australia
| | - Conor Owens-Walton
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fiona A Wilkes
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gary Egan
- School of Psychological Sciences and The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Cl Looi
- Research Centre for the Neurosciences of Ageing, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia; Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis
- School of Psychological Sciences and The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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10
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Cortical and subcortical changes in patients with premenstrual syndrome. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:191-197. [PMID: 29656266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a series of emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms. Although PMS is related to dysfunctions of the central nervous system, the neuropathological mechanism of PMS still has not been clearly established. The aim of this study is to evaluate potential differences in both cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in PMS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Twenty PMS patients and twenty HCs underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan and clinical assessment. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were computed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Relationships between cortical thickness/subcortical volumes and the daily rating of severity of problems (DRSP) score were then measured in patients. RESULTS Compared to HCs, PMS patients exhibited reduced cortical thickness in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula, and increased subcortical volumes of the amygdala, thalamus and pallidum. Furthermore, negative correlations were detected between the DRSP and cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by a small sample size and narrow age range of participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the abnormal morphological changes are mainly implicated in emotional regulation and visceral perception in PMS patients. We hope that our study may contribute to a better understanding of PMS.
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Galvez V, Ramírez-García G, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Bayliss L, Díaz R, Lopez-Titla MM, Campos-Romo A, Fernandez-Ruiz J. Extrastriatal degeneration correlates with deficits in the motor domain subscales of the UHDRS. J Neurol Sci 2018; 385:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Paoli RA, Botturi A, Ciammola A, Silani V, Prunas C, Lucchiari C, Zugno E, Caletti E. Neuropsychiatric Burden in Huntington's Disease. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E67. [PMID: 28621715 PMCID: PMC5483640 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a disorder that results in motor, cognitive, and psychiatric problems. The symptoms often take different forms and the presence of disturbances of the psychic sphere reduces patients' autonomy and quality of life, also impacting patients' social life. It is estimated that a prevalence between 33% and 76% of the main psychiatric syndromes may arise in different phases of the disease, often in atypical form, even 20 years before the onset of chorea and dementia. We present a narrative review of the literature describing the main psychopathological patterns that may be found in Huntington's disease, searching for a related article in the main database sources (Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Medscape). Psychiatric conditions were classified into two main categories: affective and nonaffective disorders/symptoms; and anxiety and neuropsychiatric features such as apathy and irritability. Though the literature is extensive, it is not always convergent, probably due to the high heterogeneity of methods used. We summarize main papers for pathology and sample size, in order to present a synoptic vision of the argument. Since the association between Huntington's disease and psychiatric symptoms was demonstrated, we argue that the prevalent and more invalidating psychiatric components should be recognized as early as possible during the disease course in order to best address psychopharmacological therapy, improve quality of life, and also reduce burden on caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Paoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Andrea Botturi
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciammola
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lucchiari
- Department of Philosophy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Elisa Zugno
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
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Baez S, Santamaría-García H, Orozco J, Fittipaldi S, García AM, Pino M, Ibáñez A. Your misery is no longer my pleasure: Reduced schadenfreude in Huntington's disease families. Cortex 2016; 83:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Wojtecki L, Groiss SJ, Hartmann CJ, Elben S, Omlor S, Schnitzler A, Vesper J. Deep Brain Stimulation in Huntington's Disease-Preliminary Evidence on Pathophysiology, Efficacy and Safety. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6030038. [PMID: 27589813 PMCID: PMC5039467 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most disabling degenerative movement disorders, as it not only affects the motor system but also leads to cognitive disabilities and psychiatric symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pallidum is a promising symptomatic treatment targeting the core motor symptom: chorea. This article gives an overview of preliminary evidence on pathophysiology, safety and efficacy of DBS in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wojtecki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Stefan Jun Groiss
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Christian Johannes Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Saskia Elben
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Sonja Omlor
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Jan Vesper
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Different cortical areas are organized into distinct intra-cortical subnetworks. How descending pathways from the entire cortex interact subcortically as a network remains unclear. Here, we report an open-access comprehensive mesoscale cortico-striatal projectome—a detailed connectivity projection map from the entire cerebral cortex to the dorsal striatum or caudoputamen (CP) in rodents. Based on these projections, we use novel computational neuroanatomical tools to identify 29 distinct functional striatal domains. Further, we characterize different cortico-striatal networks and how they reconfigure across the rostral-caudal extent of the CP. The workflow was also applied to select cortico-striatal connections in two different mouse models of disconnection syndromes to demonstrate its utility in characterizing circuitry-specific connectopathies. Together, this work provides the structural basis for studying the functional diversity of the dorsal striatum and disruptions of cortico-basal ganglia networks across a broad range of disorders.
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16
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Hartmann CJ, Groiss SJ, Vesper J, Schnitzler A, Wojtecki L. Brain stimulation in Huntington's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 6:223-36. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with severe disturbances of motor function, especially choreatic movements, cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Various brain stimulation methods have been used to study brain function in patients with HD. Moreover, brain stimulation has evolved as an alternative or additive treatment option, besides current symptomatic medical treatment. This article summarizes the results of brain stimulation to better understand the characteristics of cortical excitability and plasticity in HD and gives a perspective on the therapeutic role for noninvasive and invasive neuromodulatory brain stimulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Johannes Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Jun Groiss
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Vesper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Wojtecki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Classification of Huntington’s disease stage with support vector machines: A study on oculomotor performance. Behav Res Methods 2015; 48:1667-1677. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-015-0683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors: analysis of US/EP patents granted since 2012. Pharm Pat Anal 2015; 4:161-86. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are enzymes that metabolically inactivate the intracellular second messengers 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate contributing to the control of multiple biological processes. Among them, PDE10A has the most restricted distribution with high expression in striatal medium spiny neurons. Dysfunction of this key brain circuit has been associated with different psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The unique role of PDE10A, together with its increased pharmacological characterization, have prompted enormous interest in investigating the potential of inhibitors of this enzyme as potential novel therapeutic agents This article reviews PDE10A related patents issued in the period 2012–2014 in the USA and Europe offering also a perspective on potential avenues for the future clinical development of phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors.
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19
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Rektor I, Bočková M, Chrastina J, Rektorová I, Baláž M. The modulatory role of subthalamic nucleus in cognitive functions – A viewpoint. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Sharma M, Deogaonkar M. Deep brain stimulation in Huntington's disease: assessment of potential targets. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:812-7. [PMID: 25698541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that has very few effective therapeutic interventions. Since the disease has a defined neural circuitry abnormality, neuromodulation could be an option. Case reports, original research, and animal model studies were selected from the databases of Medline and PubMed. All related studies published up to July 2014 were included in this review. The following search terms were used: "Deep brain stimulation," "DBS," "thalamotomy," "pallidal stimulation," and "Huntington's Disease," "HD," "chorea," or "hyperkinetic movement disorders." This review examines potential nodes in the HD circuitry that could be modulated using deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. With rapid evolution of imaging and ability to reach difficult targets in the brain with refined DBS technology, some phenotypes of HD could potentially be treated with DBS in the near future. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate the efficacy of neuromodulation and to determine the most optimal target for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 480 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Milind Deogaonkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 480 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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21
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Impairments in negative emotion recognition and empathy for pain in Huntington's disease families. Neuropsychologia 2015; 68:158-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Piccart E, De Backer JF, Gall D, Lambot L, Raes A, Vanhoof G, Schiffmann S, D’Hooge R. Genetic deletion of PDE10A selectively impairs incentive salience attribution and decreases medium spiny neuron excitability. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Nakhnikian A, Rebec GV, Grasse LM, Dwiel LL, Shimono M, Beggs JM. Behavior modulates effective connectivity between cortex and striatum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89443. [PMID: 24618981 PMCID: PMC3949668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been notoriously difficult to understand interactions in the basal ganglia because of multiple recurrent loops. Another complication is that activity there is strongly dependent on behavior, suggesting that directional interactions, or effective connections, can dynamically change. A simplifying approach would be to examine just the direct, monosynaptic projections from cortex to striatum and contrast this with the polysynaptic feedback connections from striatum to cortex. Previous work by others on effective connectivity in this pathway indicated that activity in cortex could be used to predict activity in striatum, but that striatal activity could not predict cortical activity. However, this work was conducted in anesthetized or seizing animals, making it impossible to know how free behavior might influence effective connectivity. To address this issue, we applied Granger causality to local field potential signals from cortex and striatum in freely behaving rats. Consistent with previous results, we found that effective connectivity was largely unidirectional, from cortex to striatum, during anesthetized and resting states. Interestingly, we found that effective connectivity became bidirectional during free behaviors. These results are the first to our knowledge to show that striatal influence on cortex can be as strong as cortical influence on striatum. In addition, these findings highlight how behavioral states can affect basal ganglia interactions. Finally, we suggest that this approach may be useful for studies of Parkinson's or Huntington's diseases, in which effective connectivity may change during movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nakhnikian
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America; Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - George V Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Leslie M Grasse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lucas L Dwiel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Masanori Shimono
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John M Beggs
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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24
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Silkis IG. Mechanisms of the influence of dopamine on the functioning of basal ganglia and movement choice (a comparison of models). NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Manes JL, Parkinson AL, Larson CR, Greenlee JD, Eickhoff SB, Corcos DM, Robin DA. Connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus pars interna to regions within the speech network: a meta-analytic connectivity study. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:3499-516. [PMID: 25050431 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-basal ganglia connections are involved in a range of behaviors within motor, cognitive, and emotional domains; however, the whole-brain functional connections of individual nuclei are poorly understood in humans. The first aim of this study was to characterize and compare the connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) using meta-analytic connectivity modeling. Structure-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed for STN and GPi seeds using archived functional imaging coordinates from the BrainMap database. Both regions coactivated with caudate, putamen, thalamus, STN, GPi, and GPe, SMA, IFG, and insula. Contrast analyses also revealed coactivation differences within SMA, IFG, insula, and premotor cortex. The second aim of this study was to examine the degree of overlap between the connectivity maps derived for STN and GPi and a functional activation map representing the speech network. To do this, we examined the intersection of coactivation maps and their respective contrasts (STN > GPi and GPi > STN) with a coordinate-based meta-analysis of speech function. In conjunction with the speech map, both STN and GPi coactivation maps revealed overlap in the anterior insula with GPi map additionally showing overlap in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Among cortical regions activated by speech tasks, STN was found to have stronger connectivity than GPi with regions involved in cognitive linguistic processes (pre-SMA, dorsal anterior insula, and inferior frontal gyrus), while GPi demonstrated stronger connectivity to regions involved in motor speech processes (middle insula, SMA, and premotor cortex).
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26
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool for understanding neurophysiology in Huntington's disease: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1420-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Casseb RF, D'Abreu A, Ruocco HH, Lopes-Cendes I, Cendes F, Castellano G. Thalamic metabolic abnormalities in patients with Huntington's disease measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:722-7. [PMID: 23969973 PMCID: PMC3854413 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurologic disorder that is not completely understood; its fundamental physiological mechanisms and chemical effects remain somewhat unclear. Among these uncertainties, we can highlight information about the concentrations of brain metabolites, which have been widely discussed. Concentration differences in affected, compared to healthy, individuals could lead to the development of useful tools for evaluating the progression of disease, or to the advance of investigations of different/alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the thalamic concentration of metabolites in HD patients and healthy individuals using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used a 2.0-Tesla magnetic field, repetition time of 1500 ms, and echo time of 135 ms. Spectra from 40 adult HD patients and 26 control subjects were compared. Quantitative analysis was performed using the LCModel method. There were statistically significant differences between HD patients and controls in the concentrations of N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA+NAAG; t-test, P<0.001), and glycerophosphocholine+phosphocholine (GPC+PCh; t-test, P=0.001) relative to creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr). The NAA+NAAG/Cr+PCr ratio was decreased by 9% and GPC+PCh/Cr+PCr increased by 17% in patients compared with controls. There were no correlations between the concentration ratios and clinical features. Although these results could be caused by T1 and T2 changes, rather than variations in metabolite concentrations given the short repetition time and long echo time values used, our findings point to thalamic dysfunction, corroborating prior evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Casseb
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Raios Cósmicos e Cronologia, Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", CampinasSP, Brasil
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28
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Sepe S, Payan-Gomez C, Milanese C, Hoeijmakers JH, Mastroberardino PG. Nucleotide excision repair in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:568-77. [PMID: 23726220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impaired DNA repair involving the nucleotide excision repair (NER)/transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway cause human pathologies associated with severe neurological symptoms. These clinical observations suggest that defective NER/TCR might also play a critical role in chronic neurodegenerative disorders (ND), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Involvement of NER/TCR in these disorders is also substantiated by the evidence that aging constitutes the principal risk factor for chronic ND and that this DNA repair mechanism is very relevant for the aging process itself. Our understanding of the exact role of NER/TCR in chronic ND, however, is extremely rudimentary; while there is no doubt that defective NER/TCR can lead to neuronal death, evidence for its participation in the etiopathogenesis of ND is inconclusive thus far. Here we summarize the experimental observations supporting a role for NER/TCR in chronic ND and suggest questions and lines of investigation that might help in addressing this important issue. We also present a preliminary yet unprecedented meta-analysis on human brain microarray data to understand the expression levels of the various NER factors in the anatomical areas relevant for chronic ND pathogenesis. In summary, this review intends to highlight elements supporting a role of NER/TCR in these devastating disorders and to propose potential strategies of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sepe
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Metabolic and electrophysiological changes in the basal ganglia of transgenic Huntington's disease rats. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:488-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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30
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Lessons learned from the transgenic Huntington's disease rats. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:682712. [PMID: 22852099 PMCID: PMC3407652 DOI: 10.1155/2012/682712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal inherited disorder leading to selective neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Currently, there is no treatment to slow down or to stop the disease. There is also no therapy to effectively reduce the symptoms. In the investigation of novel therapies, different animal models of Huntington's disease, varying from insects to nonhuman primates, have been created and used. Few years ago, the first transgenic rat model of HD, carrying a truncated huntingtin cDNA fragment with 51 CAG repeats under control of the native rat huntingtin promoter, was introduced. We have been using this animal model in our research and review here our experience with the behavioural, neurophysiological, and histopathological phenotype of the transgenic Huntington's disease rats with relevant literature.
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31
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Jellinger KA. Cerebral correlates of psychotic syndromes in neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:995-1012. [PMID: 21418522 PMCID: PMC4365880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis has been recognized as a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases and a core feature of dementia that worsens most clinical courses. It includes hallucinations, delusions including paranoia, aggressive behaviour, apathy and other psychotic phenomena that occur in a wide range of degenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies), Huntington's disease, frontotemporal degenerations, motoneuron and prion diseases. Many of these psychiatric manifestations may be early expressions of cognitive impairment, but often there is a dissociation between psychotic/behavioural symptoms and the rather linear decline in cognitive function, suggesting independent pathophysiological mechanisms. Strictly neuropathological explanations are likely to be insufficient to explain them, and a large group of heterogeneous factors (environmental, neurochemical changes, genetic factors, etc.) may influence their pathogenesis. Clinico-pathological evaluation of behavioural and psychotic symptoms (PS) in the setting of neurodegenerative and dementing disorders presents a significant challenge for modern neurosciences. Recognition and understanding of these manifestations may lead to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic options that can serve to delay long-term progression of these devastating disorders and improve the patients' quality of life. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and distinctive pathological features underlying the development of PS in neurodegenerative diseases may provide important insights into psychotic processes in general.
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32
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Unschuld PG, Joel SE, Liu X, Shanahan M, Margolis RL, Biglan KM, Bassett SS, Schretlen DJ, Redgrave GW, van Zijl PCM, Pekar JJ, Ross CA. Impaired cortico-striatal functional connectivity in prodromal Huntington's Disease. Neurosci Lett 2012; 514:204-9. [PMID: 22425717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG triplet-repeat expansion-mutation in the Huntingtin gene. Subjects at risk for HD can be identified by genetic testing in the prodromal phase. Structural changes of basal-ganglia nuclei such as the caudate nucleus are well-replicated findings observable early in prodromal-HD subjects and may be preceded by distinct functional alterations of cortico-striatal circuits. This study aims to assess functional integrity of the motor system as a cortico-striatal circuit with particular clinical relevance in HD. Ten subjects in the prodromal phase of HD and ten matched controls were administered blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at rest (3T). Functional connectivity was measured as synchrony of BOLD activity between the caudate nucleus and thirteen cortical brain regions (seeds). Basal-ganglia volumes were assessed as established markers of disease progression in prodromal-HD. Linear regression analysis was performed to test for a relationship between structural changes and group differences in functional connectivity. Prodromal-HD subjects showed reduced BOLD synchrony between two seeds in the premotor cortex (BA6) and the caudate nucleus. While similar effect sizes could be observed for reduced basal-ganglia volumes and differences in functional connectivity, coefficients of determination indicate a moderate relationship between functional connectivity and striatal atrophy. Our data show reduced cortico-striatal functional connectivity at rest in prodromal-HD and suggest a relation to early structural brain changes. Additional longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the temporal relationship between functional alterations and earliest structural brain changes in prodromal-HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Unschuld
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Groiss SJ, Netz J, Lange HW, Buetefisch CM. Frequency dependent effects of rTMS on motor and cognitive functions in Huntington’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Variation within the Huntington's disease gene influences normal brain structure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29809. [PMID: 22235343 PMCID: PMC3250493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics of the variability of normal and diseased brain structure largely remains to be elucidated. Expansions of certain trinucleotide repeats cause neurodegenerative disorders of which Huntington's disease constitutes the most common example. Here, we test the hypothesis that variation within the IT15 gene on chromosome 4, whose expansion causes Huntington's disease, influences normal human brain structure. In 278 normal subjects, we determined CAG repeat length within the IT15 gene on chromosome 4 and analyzed high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images by the use of voxel-based morphometry. We found an increase of GM with increasing long CAG repeat and its interaction with age within the pallidum, which is involved in Huntington's disease. Our study demonstrates that a certain trinucleotide repeat influences normal brain structure in humans. This result may have important implications for the understanding of both the healthy and diseased brain.
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Lenglet C, Abosch A, Yacoub E, De Martino F, Sapiro G, Harel N. Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29153. [PMID: 22235267 PMCID: PMC3250409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia circuits are affected in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia and Tourette syndrome. Understanding the structural and functional connectivity of these circuits is critical for elucidating the mechanisms of the movement and neuropsychiatric disorders, and is vital for developing new therapeutic strategies such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Knowledge about the connectivity of the human basal ganglia and thalamus has rapidly evolved over recent years through non-invasive imaging techniques, but has remained incomplete because of insufficient resolution and sensitivity of these techniques. Here, we present an imaging and computational protocol designed to generate a comprehensive in vivo and subject-specific, three-dimensional model of the structure and connections of the human basal ganglia. High-resolution structural and functional magnetic resonance images were acquired with a 7-Tesla magnet. Capitalizing on the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enriched contrast obtained at high-field MRI, detailed structural and connectivity representations of the human basal ganglia and thalamus were achieved. This unique combination of multiple imaging modalities enabled the in-vivo visualization of the individual human basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei, the reconstruction of seven white-matter pathways and their connectivity probability that, to date, have only been reported in animal studies, histologically, or group-averaged MRI population studies. Also described are subject-specific parcellations of the basal ganglia and thalamus into sub-territories based on their distinct connectivity patterns. These anatomical connectivity findings are supported by functional connectivity data derived from resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI). This work demonstrates new capabilities for studying basal ganglia circuitry, and opens new avenues of investigation into the movement and neuropsychiatric disorders, in individual human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
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Baláž M, Bočková M, Rektorová I, Rektor I. Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in cognitive functions — A concept. J Neurol Sci 2011; 310:96-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Clinicopathological correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:117-35. [PMID: 21455688 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms are commonly observed in a majority of demented patients at some time during the course of their illness. Many of these psychiatric manifestations, especially those related to mood, may be early expressions of dementia and/or mild cognitive impairment. The literature suggests that behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are an integral part of the disease process. The dissociation, in many cases, between BPSD and the rather linear decline in cognitive functions suggests that independent pathophysiological mechanisms give rise to these symptoms. A review of the neuroimaging and neuropathology literature indicates that BPSD are the expression of regional rather than diffuse brain pathology. Psychotic symptoms in demented patients usually demonstrate preferential involvement of the frontal lobe and/or limbic regions. Visual hallucinations differentiate themselves from other psychotic symptoms by their tendency to involve the occipital lobes. There is a significant association between apathy and structural changes of the anterior cingulate gyrus. White matter hyperintensities occur in a significant number of depressed patients; otherwise, there is lack of association between depression and either specific brain changes or affected regions. Strictly neuropathological explanations are likely to be insufficient to explain BPSD. Environmental changes, neurochemical abnormalities, past psychiatric history (including premorbid personality), social history (e.g., intellectual achievement and life-long learning), family history, and genetic susceptibility are factors, among others, that influence BPSD.
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Bronfeld M, Bar-Gad I. Loss of specificity in Basal Ganglia related movement disorders. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:38. [PMID: 21687797 PMCID: PMC3108383 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of interconnected nuclei which play a pivotal part in limbic, associative, and motor functions. This role is mirrored by the wide range of motor and behavioral abnormalities directly resulting from dysfunction of the BG. Studies of normal behavior have found that BG neurons tend to phasically modulate their activity in relation to different behavioral events. In the normal BG, this modulation is highly specific, with each neuron related only to a small subset of behavioral events depending on specific combinations of movement parameters and context. In many pathological conditions involving BG dysfunction and motor abnormalities, this neuronal specificity is lost. Loss of specificity (LOS) manifests in neuronal activity related to a larger spectrum of events and consequently a large overlap of movement-related activation patterns between different neurons. We review the existing evidence for LOS in BG-related movement disorders, the possible neural mechanisms underlying LOS, its effects on frequently used measures of neuronal activity and its relation to theoretical models of the BG. The prevalence of LOS in a many BG-related disorders suggests that neuronal specificity may represent a key feature of normal information processing in the BG system. Thus, the concept of neuronal specificity may underlie a unifying conceptual framework for the BG role in normal and abnormal motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bronfeld
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Izhar Bar-Gad
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
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van Wouwe NC, Ridderinkhof KR, van den Wildenberg WPM, Band GPH, Abisogun A, Elias WJ, Frysinger R, Wylie SA. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves reward-based decision-learning in Parkinson's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:30. [PMID: 21519377 PMCID: PMC3075890 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be critically involved in decision-making, action selection, and motor control. Here we investigate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reward-based decision-learning in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). We determined computational measures of outcome evaluation and reward prediction from PD patients who performed a probabilistic reward-based decision-learning task. In previous work, these measures covaried with activation in the nucleus caudatus (outcome evaluation during the early phases of learning) and the putamen (reward prediction during later phases of learning). We observed that stimulation of the STN motor regions in PD patients served to improve reward-based decision-learning, probably through its effect on activity in frontostriatal motor loops (prominently involving the putamen and, hence, reward prediction). In a subset of relatively younger patients with relatively shorter disease duration, the effects of DBS appeared to spread to more cognitive regions of the STN, benefiting loops that connect the caudate to various prefrontal areas importantfor outcome evaluation. These results highlight positive effects of STN stimulation on cognitive functions that may benefit PD patients in daily-life association-learning situations.
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Painold A, Anderer P, Holl AK, Letmaier M, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Saletu B, Bonelli RM. EEG low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) in Huntington’s disease. J Neurol 2010; 258:840-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mastroberardino PG, Piacentini M. Type 2 transglutaminase in Huntington's disease: a double-edged sword with clinical potential. J Intern Med 2010; 268:419-31. [PMID: 20964734 PMCID: PMC3073231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant genetic neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology affects principally neurons in the basal ganglia circuits and terminates invariably in death. There is compelling necessity for safe and effective therapeutic strategies to arrest, or even retard the progression of the pathogenesis. Recent findings indicate the autophagy-lysosome systems as appealing targets for pharmacological intervention. Autophagy exerts a critical role in controlling neuronal protein homeostasis, which is perturbed in HD, and is compromised in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) plays an important role both in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, and accumulates at high levels in cells under stressful conditions. TG2 inhibition, achieved either via drug treatments or genetic approaches, has been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of HD in animal models. In this review we will discuss the relevance of TG2 to the pathogenesis of HD, in an effort to define novel therapeutic avenues.
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Tan SKH, Vlamings R, Lim L, Sesia T, Janssen MLF, Steinbusch HWM, Visser-Vandewalle V, Temel Y. Experimental Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models. Neurosurgery 2010; 67:1073-9; discussion1080. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e3181ee3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonny KH Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rinske Vlamings
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - LeeWei Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thibault Sesia
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus LF Janssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry WM Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht Institute of Neuromodulative Development (MIND), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Naskar S, Sood SK, Goyal V. Effect of acute deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on auditory event-related potentials in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 16:256-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Snyder BR, Chiu AM, Prockop DJ, Chan AWS. Human multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) increase neurogenesis and decrease atrophy of the striatum in a transgenic mouse model for Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9347. [PMID: 20179764 PMCID: PMC2825266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implantation of human multipotent stromal cells from bone marrow (hMSCs) into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of mice was previously shown to stimulate proliferation, migration and neural differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells. We hypothesized that hMSCs would be beneficial in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD) due to these neurogenic effects. Results We implanted hMSCs into the striatum of transgenic mice (N171-82Q) that are a model for HD. The implanted hMSCs rapidly disappeared over 3 to 15 days. However, they increased proliferation and neural differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells for up to 30 days. They also increased neurotrophic signaling and decreased atrophy of the striatum in 3-month old HD mice implanted with hMSCs one month earlier. Conclusions The results therefore suggested that neural implantation of hMSCs may be of benefit in HD but a number of parameters of dose, treatment schedule, and route of administration need to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R. Snyder
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Gene Therapy, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Chiu
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Darwin J. Prockop
- Center for Gene Therapy, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJP); (AWSC)
| | - Anthony W. S. Chan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJP); (AWSC)
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Balleine BW, O'Doherty JP. Human and rodent homologies in action control: corticostriatal determinants of goal-directed and habitual action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:48-69. [PMID: 19776734 PMCID: PMC3055420 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1161] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus-response associations. These learning processes are thought to govern goal-directed and habitual actions, respectively, and have been found to depend on homologous corticostriatal networks in these species. Thus, recent research using comparable behavioral tasks in both humans and rats has implicated homologous regions of cortex (medial prefrontal cortex/medial orbital cortex in humans and prelimbic cortex in rats) and of dorsal striatum (anterior caudate in humans and dorsomedial striatum in rats) in goal-directed action and in the control of habitual actions (posterior lateral putamen in humans and dorsolateral striatum in rats). These learning processes have been argued to be antagonistic or competing because their control over performance appears to be all or none. Nevertheless, evidence has started to accumulate suggesting that they may at times compete and at others cooperate in the selection and subsequent evaluation of actions necessary for normal choice performance. It appears likely that cooperation or competition between these sources of action control depends not only on local interactions in dorsal striatum but also on the cortico-basal ganglia network within which the striatum is embedded and that mediates the integration of learning with basic motivational and emotional processes. The neural basis of the integration of learning and motivation in choice and decision-making is still controversial and we review some recent hypotheses relating to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard W Balleine
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Jaafari N, Giré P, Houeto JL. Stimulation cérébrale profonde, maladie de Parkinson et complications neuropsychiatriques. Presse Med 2009; 38:1335-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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The Dynamic Relationship Between Voluntary and Involuntary Motor Behaviours in Patients with Basal Ganglia Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0340-2_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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50
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Personality predicts the brain's response to viewing appetizing foods: the neural basis of a risk factor for overeating. J Neurosci 2009; 29:43-51. [PMID: 19129383 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4966-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating is not only triggered by hunger but also by the sight of foods. Viewing appetizing foods alone can induce food craving and eating, although there is considerable variation in this "external food sensitivity" (EFS). Because increased EFS is associated with overeating, identifying its neural correlates is important for understanding the current epidemic of obesity. Animal research has identified the ventral striatum, amygdala, hypothalamus, medial prefrontal and premotor cortices as key interacting structures for feeding. However, it is unclear whether a similar network exists in humans and how it is affected by EFS. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we showed that viewing appetizing compared with bland foods produced changes in connectivity among the human ventral striatum, amygdala, anterior cingulate and premotor cortex that were strongly correlated with EFS. Differences in the dynamic interactions within the human appetitive network in response to pictures of appetizing foods may determine an individual's risk of obesity.
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