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Camacho LO, Jahangiri L, Iseringhausen J, Goldstein GR. Parkinson's disease - The dentist's role as part of the healthcare team. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38689457 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that results in patients exhibiting uncontrolled movements, changes in saliva production, and difficulty in swallowing and speech. Understanding the staging of the disease and the available therapies allows dentists to treat these patients safely and with compassion to meet their oral health care needs for an optimal quality of life. This appraisal discusses Parkinson's disease as it relates to clinically relevant facts to manage and treat the oral health care needs of these patients in the short and long term including general dental care recommendations. Important observations related to Parkinson's disease include disease causation,; stages, pharmacologic treatment, the effects on saliva, mastication, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia. Dental recommendations are made for the dentate, the partially edentulous, and the completely edentulous Parkinson's patients with a focus on late-stage concerns. Optimizing dental health will help maintain the quality of life as the disease progresses. In late stages of Parkinson's disease, dental treatment should focus on keeping the patient comfortable and out of pain. While benign neglect is an often-used term, compassionate therapy in the late stages of Parkinson's disease is a more compelling term for defining the patient's needs. Since dysphagia in Parkinson's patients has been underdiagnosed, neurologists must be aware of the important part that dentists play in the early diagnosis for these patients. Early referral to a dentist is vital to mitigate the unfortunate consequence of the need for extensive dental care in late-stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ortiz Camacho
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Iseringhausen
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary R Goldstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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2
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E Tebbutt J, Marshman Z, R Baker S. Oral health experiences of people living with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review. Br Dent J 2024:10.1038/s41415-024-7058-8. [PMID: 38326461 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and aim Parkinson's disease is the fastest growing and second most common progressive neurodegenerative condition in the UK; poised to represent a major societal and health care challenge. The scoping review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the oral health (OH) experiences of people living with Parkinson's, identifying current research gaps and future priorities.Method Search strategies included three electronic databases, two grey literature databases, relevant organisations, specialist journals and hand searching of the reference lists. A data extraction tool was developed and piloted.Results A total of 121 items were included in the review. Four themes were identified: OH impact, education and training, service delivery and wider impacts of OH for people with Parkinson's (PwP). The majority of studies included were cross-sectional in design, describing the OH status of PwP.Conclusion The majority of research to date has focused on OH impact. Areas for future research include use of qualitative studies exploring the experiences, attitudes and priorities of PwP and their care partners. Inclusion of medical, dental and allied health care professionals, together with people with lived experience, is required to develop, implement and evaluate interventions to support OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie E Tebbutt
- Academic Clinical Fellow in Special Care Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Zoe Marshman
- Professor/Honorary Consultant of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Sarah R Baker
- Professor of Psychology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, UK
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Huang T, Tang L, Zhao J, Shang S, Chen Y, Tian Y, Zhang Y. Drooling disrupts the brain functional connectivity network in Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3094-3107. [PMID: 37144606 PMCID: PMC10493659 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the causal interaction between significant sensorimotor network (SMN) regions and other brain regions in Parkinson's disease patients with drooling (droolers). METHODS Twenty-one droolers, 22 PD patients without drooling (non-droolers), and 22 matched healthy controls underwent 3T-MRI resting-state scans. We performed independent component analysis and Granger causality analysis to determine whether significant SMN regions help predict other brain areas. Pearson's correlation was computed between imaging characteristics and clinical characteristics. ROC curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic performance of effective connectivity (EC). RESULTS Compared with non-droolers and healthy controls, droolers showed abnormal EC of the right caudate nucleus (CAU.R) and right postcentral gyrus to extensive brain regions. In droolers, increased EC from the CAU.R to the right middle temporal gyrus was positively correlated with MDS-UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS II, NMSS, and HAMD scores; increased EC from the right inferior parietal lobe to CAU.R was positively correlated with MDS-UPDRS score. ROC curve analysis showed that these abnormal ECs are of great significance in diagnosing drooling in PD. CONCLUSION This study identified that PD patients with drooling have abnormal EC in the cortico-limbic-striatal-cerebellar and cortio-cortical networks, which could be potential biomarkers for drooling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li‐Li Tang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jin‐Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Song‖an Shang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Clinical Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - You‐Yong Tian
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying‐Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Qamar MA, Rota S, Batzu L, Subramanian I, Falup-Pecurariu C, Titova N, Metta V, Murasan L, Odin P, Padmakumar C, Kukkle PL, Borgohain R, Kandadai RM, Goyal V, Chaudhuri KR. Chaudhuri's Dashboard of Vitals in Parkinson's syndrome: an unmet need underpinned by real life clinical tests. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1174698. [PMID: 37305739 PMCID: PMC10248458 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1174698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently published the notion of the "vitals" of Parkinson's, a conglomeration of signs and symptoms, largely nonmotor, that must not be missed and yet often not considered in neurological consultations, with considerable societal and personal detrimental consequences. This "dashboard," termed the Chaudhuri's vitals of Parkinson's, are summarized as 5 key vital symptoms or signs and comprise of (a) motor, (b) nonmotor, (c) visual, gut, and oral health, (d) bone health and falls, and finally (e) comorbidities, comedication, and dopamine agonist side effects, such as impulse control disorders. Additionally, not addressing the vitals also may reflect inadequate management strategies, leading to worsening quality of life and diminished wellness, a new concept for people with Parkinson's. In this paper, we discuss possible, simple to use, and clinically relevant tests that can be used to monitor the status of these vitals, so that these can be incorporated into clinical practice. We also use the term Parkinson's syndrome to describe Parkinson's disease, as the term "disease" is now abandoned in many countries, such as the U.K., reflecting the heterogeneity of Parkinson's, which is now considered by many as a syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher A. Qamar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Rota
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania
| | - Nataliya Titova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vinod Metta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lulia Murasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brașov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania
| | - Per Odin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Prashanth L. Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Karnataka, India, Bangalore
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rukmini Mridula Kandadai
- Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Autonomous University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Neurology Department, Medanta, Gurugram, India
| | - Kallo Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Naeem F, Reid J, Bailey M, Reid A, Smyth C, Taylor‐Rowan M, Newman EJ, Quinn T. Pharmacological Interventions for Sialorrhoea in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:558-568. [PMID: 37070045 PMCID: PMC10105093 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Sialorrhoea is a common non motor complication experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its prevalence there is conflicting evidence on how to effectively treat it. Our aim was to establish the efficacy and safety outcomes of pharmacological interventions used to treat sialorrhoea in people with idiopathic PD. Methods We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42016042470). We searched seven electronic databases from inception until July 2022. Quantitative synthesis was performed where data allowed using random effects models. Results From 1374 records we included 13 studies (n = 405 participants). Studies were conducted in Europe, North America and China. There was marked heterogeneity in the interventions used, follow up times and outcome measures investigated. The main source of risk of bias identified was reporting bias. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Summary estimates showed administration of botulinum toxin significantly reduced saliva production, improved patient reported functional outcomes and was associated with an increase in adverse events. Conclusion Sialorrhoea in PD is an important condition, but current data does not allow for strong recommendations on optimal pharmacological treatments. There is significant heterogeneity in outcomes measures used to evaluate the burden of sialorrhoea with lack of consensus on what constitutes clinically meaningful change. More research is required to better understand the underlying mechanism and potential treatments of sialorrhoea in idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Naeem
- Department of Geriatric MedicineGlasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - James Reid
- Department of Geriatric MedicineQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Geriatric MedicineHairmyres HospitalEast KilbrideUK
| | - Amanda Reid
- Department of Geriatric MedicineUniversity Hospital MonklandsAirdrieUK
| | - Clare Smyth
- Department of Geriatric MedicineQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Terry Quinn
- Department of Geriatric MedicineGlasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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BoNT clinical trial update: Sialorrhea. Toxicon 2023; 226:107087. [PMID: 36931440 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Sialorrhea is the excessive accumulation of saliva, a prevalent symptom among a number of neurologic conditions in both pediatric and adult patients. Over the years, the management of sialorrhea has evolved and included a variety of interventions, ranging from nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and surgical treatment options. The most common option for treatment has been the use of botulinum toxin injections in the management of sialorrhea. While there have been several clinical trials to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of sialorrhea, the largest randomized control trials to date have been with incobotulinumtoxin (2019) and rimabotulinumtoxin (2020) which show consistent reduction in salivary flow rate and improvement in clinical outcomes with comparable duration of treatment effectiveness. In this update, we review the evolution of treatment and injection methods for sialorrhea among many neurologic diseases. We discuss the challenges in evaluating and measuring efficacy in clinical trials for sialorrhea and compare the contemporary botulinum toxin clinical trials in the treatment of sialorrhea.
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Takatsu H, Murakami H, Shiraishi T, Sato T, Komatsu T, Sakai K, Umehara T, Omoto S, Mitsumura H, Iguchi Y. Dysfunction in the right putamen is associated with drooling in de novo Parkinson's disease. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Petekkaya E, Kuş B, Doğan S, Bayaroğulları H, Mutlu T, Murat Melek İ, Arpacı A. Possible role of endocannabinoids in olfactory and taste dysfunctions in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients and volumetric changes in the brain. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:52-58. [PMID: 35398594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the volumes of primary brain regions associated with smell and taste in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients and healthy controls using MR imaging and examine volumetric changes in comparison to smell/taste questionnaire and test results and endocannabinoid (EC) levels. The study included 15 AD patients with mild cognitive dysfunction scored as 18 ≤ MMSE ≤ 23, 15 PD patients with scores of 18 < MoCA < 26 and 18 ≤ MMSE ≤ 23, and 15 healthy controls. A taste and smell questionnaire was given to the participants, and their taste and smell statuses were examined using the Sniffin' Sticks smell identification test and Burghart Taste Strips. EC levels were analyzed in the blood serum samples of the participants using the ELISA method. The volumes of the left olfactory bulb (p = 0.001), left amygdala (p = 0.004), left hippocampus (p = 0.008), and bilateral insula (left p = 0.000, right p = 0.000) were significantly smaller in the Alzheimer's patients than the healthy controls. The volumes of the left olfactory bulb (p = 0.001) and left hippocampus (p = 0.009) were significantly smaller in the Parkinson's patients than the healthy controls. A significant correlation was determined between volume reduction in the left Rolandic operculum cortical region and taste dysfunction. EC levels were significantly higher in both AD (p = 0.000) and PD (p = 0.006) in comparison to the controls. Our results showed that volumetric changes occur in the brain regions associated with smell and taste in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients. It was observed that ECs played a role in these volumetric changes and the olfactory and taste dysfunctions of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Petekkaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Berna Kuş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Serdar Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Bayaroğulları
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Turay Mutlu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - İsmet Murat Melek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arpacı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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Pathophysiology and Symptomatology of Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030516. [PMID: 35326994 PMCID: PMC8951596 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drooling can present in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and it is manifested as an excessive pooling of saliva inside the oral cavity. Currently, the exact pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in PD is not yet fully explicated. Thus, it becomes crucial to understand if some clinical characteristics may emphasize drooling or if they are just concomitant. In PD, excessive drooling has been associated with a higher burden of non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, sleep problems, autonomic dysfunction, constipation and orthostatic hypotension, and of worse severity of motor fluctuations and bradykinesia. PD patients with excessive drooling also showed a reduction of striatal DAT availability at DaTSCAN imaging. Excessive drooling in patients with Parkinson’s cannot be attributed to a single factor but to a mixture of factors, including but not limited to impaired nigrostriatal pathways.
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10
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Han MN, Finkelstein DI, McQuade RM, Diwakarla S. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Current and Potential Therapeutics. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020144. [PMID: 35207632 PMCID: PMC8875119 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Parkinson’s disease (PD) sufferers were first reported over 200 years ago; however, the extent and role of GI dysfunction in PD disease progression is still unknown. GI dysfunctions, including dysphagia, gastroparesis, and constipation, are amongst the most prevalent non-motor symptoms in PD. These symptoms not only impact patient quality of life, but also complicate disease management. Conventional treatment pathways for GI dysfunctions (i.e., constipation), such as increasing fibre and fluid intake, and the use of over-the-counter laxatives, are generally ineffective in PD patients, and approved compounds such as guanylate cyclase C agonists and selective 5-hyroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonists have demonstrated limited efficacy. Thus, identification of potential targets for novel therapies to alleviate PD-induced GI dysfunctions are essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in people with PD. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS), where PD pathology and the mechanisms involved in CNS damage are relatively well characterised, the effect of PD at the cellular and tissue level in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remains unclear, making it difficult to alleviate or reverse GI symptoms. However, the resurgence of interest in understanding how the GI tract is involved in various disease states, such as PD, has resulted in the identification of novel therapeutic avenues. This review focuses on common PD-related GI symptoms, and summarizes the current treatments available and their limitations. We propose that by targeting the intestinal barrier, ENS, and/or the gut microbiome, may prove successful in alleviating PD-related GI symptoms, and discuss emerging therapies and potential drugs that could be repurposed to target these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Noe Han
- Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (M.N.H.); (S.D.)
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Parkinson’s Disease Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (M.N.H.); (S.D.)
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8395-8114
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (M.N.H.); (S.D.)
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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Galindez JM, Juwara L, Cressatti M, Gornitsky M, Velly AM, Schipper HM. Salivary Heme Oxygenase-1: A Potential Biomarker for Central Neurodegeneration. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211029114. [PMID: 34290541 PMCID: PMC8273869 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211029114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 2% of the population over 65 years of age. PD diagnosis is based on clinical examination and can only be confirmed during autopsy. In 2018, we reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress response protein important for heme catabolism and implicated in PD pathology, was higher in PD saliva relative to healthy controls, suggesting that salivary HO-1 may serve as a potential biomarker of PD. OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether HO-1 protein levels are elevated in PD saliva relative to degenerative neurological, non-degenerative neurological and healthy controls. METHODOLOGY The study included 307 participants comprising 75 participants with idiopathic PD and 3 control groups: 162 non-neurological, 37 non-PD degenerative neurological, and 33 non-degenerative neurological participants. Salivary HO-1 and total protein concentrations were measured using ELISA and BCA assay, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate model discrimination. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, total protein, and relevant comorbidities. RESULTS Elevated HO-1 concentrations were observed in the PD group and other neurodegenerative conditions compared to subjects with no neurological or non-degenerative neurological conditions. ROC curves using HO-1 levels and covariates yielded areas under the curve above 85% in models for PD or neurodegenerative conditions versus controls. CONCLUSIONS Salivary HO-1 concentrations in combination with covariates may provide a biomarker signature that distinguishes patients with neurodegenerative conditions from persons without. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that salivary HO-1 multivariable models can distinguish neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornitsky
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Velly
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Toan NK, Ahn SG. Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5835. [PMID: 34072470 PMCID: PMC8198609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related salivary dysfunction commonly induces the poor oral health, including decreased saliva flow and dental caries. Although the clinical significance of the salivary glands is well-known, the complex metabolic pathways contributing to the aging-dysfunction process are only beginning to be uncovered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes in aging-mediated salivary gland dysfunction as a key aspect of oral physiology. Several metabolic neuropeptides or hormones are involved in causing or contributing to salivary gland dysfunction, including hyposalivation and age-related diseases. Thus, aging-related metabolism holds promise for early diagnosis, increased choice of therapy and the identification of new metabolic pathways that could potentially be targeted in salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
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13
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Impact of Progression of Parkinson's Disease on Swallowing Ability and Oral Environment. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 2021:5571556. [PMID: 33981405 PMCID: PMC8088364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5571556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of the severity and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the swallowing ability and oral environment of patients. Swallowing dysfunction increases the aspiration risk and may lead to poor oral health among patients with PD. We investigated the influences of PD progression and drug treatment on the swallowing ability and oral environment using simple noninvasive screening measurements. We recruited 87 patients with PD (mean age, 71.9 ± 8.0 years; mean Hoehn and Yahr score, 2.9 ± 0.9). The PD condition was assessed in each patient using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part III, diet type and oropharyngeal function using the swallowing disturbances questionnaire (SDQ), maximum bite force (MBF), tongue pressure (TP), and oral bacterial count (OBC). Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was also calculated for 56 participants. Based on an SDQ score of ≥11, 29.5% of patients were dysphagic, but almost all were still on a regular diet. The SDQ score was positively correlated with disease duration (rho = 0.228, p=0.047) and UPDRS part III score (rho = 0.307, p=0.007) but was negatively correlated with OBC (rho = -0.289, p=0.012). OBC was significantly higher among patients with an SDQ score of <11 (nondysphagic) (p=0.01), and the SDQ score was lower in patients with higher OBC requiring professional oral care (p=0.03). However, OBC was also negatively correlated with LEDD (rho = -0.411, p=0.004). These results indicated low self-awareness of dysphagia among the participants and an association between dysphagia and PD progression. Moreover, the oral environment could have deteriorated with swallowing dysfunction. Patients and clinicians should be aware that higher LEDD can increase xerostomia and associated deficits in oral health.
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Nascimento D. Clinical features associated with drooling in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:895-903. [PMID: 33443673 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-05005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drooling is characterized by an excessive pooling of saliva in the oral cavity. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship between drooling and other clinical features in people diagnosed with PD. METHOD Research on the topic was carried out on the PubMed and ScienceDirect electronic databases. Articles published between March 2015 and March 2020 were selected. Search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria were previously defined. The articles included met those requirements. RESULTS Sixteen articles were included for analysis. The prevalence of drooling varies between 9.26 and 70% and can occur at any stage of the disease. Higher prevalence of drooling is related to disease duration, disease severity, older age, male, levodopa equivalent dose, hypomimia, dysphagia, dysarthria, cognition, sleep, non-dominant tremor, motor fluctuations, bradykinesia, more symmetric pattern, gastrointestinal and urinary problems, sexual dysfunction, obstipation, and orthostatic hypotension. However, it is not related to hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, akinetic-rigid PD, mixed, nor dyskinesias. CONCLUSION Drooling is not caused by a single factor; it is influenced and related to several clinical features. Some clinical factors participate in the onset of drooling while others are concomitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nascimento
- Hospital de Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira n°126, 1349-019, Lisbon, Portugal.
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15
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Rascol O, Negre-Pages L, Damier P, Delval A, Derkinderen P, Destée A, Fabbri M, Meissner WG, Rachdi A, Tison F, Perez-Lloret S. Excessive buccal saliva in patients with Parkinson’s disease of the French COPARK cohort. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1607-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Isaacson SH, Ondo W, Jackson CE, Trosch RM, Molho E, Pagan F, Lew M, Dashtipour K, Clinch T, Espay AJ. Safety and Efficacy of RimabotulinumtoxinB for Treatment of Sialorrhea in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:461-469. [PMID: 31930364 PMCID: PMC6990829 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Question Are rimabotulinumtoxinB injections safe and effective for management of sialorrhea in adults? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 187 adults with sialorrhea, rimabotulinumtoxinB injections (2500 U and 3500 U) appeared to statistically significantly reduce sialorrhea vs placebo (treatment effect, −0.30 for both doses vs placebo, P < .001). Therapeutic benefits were seen as early as 1 week after injection and persisted for 11 to 15 weeks. Meaning RimabotulinumtoxinB is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for sialorrhea in adults. Importance RimabotulinumtoxinB (RIMA) may be preferable as an anti-sialorrhea treatment compared with current oral anticholinergic drugs in people with neurological disorders. Objective To assess the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of RIMA injections for the treatment of sialorrhea in adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of RIMA 2500 U and 3500 U was conducted from November 14, 2013, to January 23, 2017. A total of 249 adult patients with troublesome sialorrhea secondary to any disorder or cause were screened. Of them, 13 refused further participation in the study or were lost to follow-up and 49 did not fulfill the criteria for participation; 187 were ultimately enrolled. Patients had to have a minimum unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) of 0.2 g/min and a minimum Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale score of 4. Exposures Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to RIMA, 2500 U (n = 63); RIMA, 3500 U (n = 64); or placebo (n = 60). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were the change in USFR from baseline to week 4 and the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) at week 4. The CGI-C scores were recorded on a 7-point scale ranging from very much improved to very much worse. Adverse events were recorded throughout the trial period. Results Of 187 patients enrolled (147 men [78.6%]; mean [SD] age, 63.9 [13.3] years), 122 patients had Parkinson disease (65.2%), 13 (7.0%) were stroke survivors, 12 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (6.4%), 6 had medication-induced sialorrhea (3.2%), 4 had adult cerebral palsy (2.1%), and 30 had sialorrhea owing to other causes (16.0%). A total of 176 completed the study. Treatment with both doses of RIMA significantly reduced USFR at week 4 vs placebo (mean treatment difference, −0.30 g/min [95% CI, −0.39 to −0.21] for both doses vs placebo, P < .001). The CGI-C scores were statistically significantly improved at week 4 for both treatment groups vs placebo (−1.21 [95% CI, −1.56 to −0.87] for 2500 U, −1.14 [95% CI, −1.49 to −0.80] for 3500 U, both P < .001). Treatment benefits were seen as early as 1 week after injection and were maintained over the treatment cycle of approximately 13 weeks. The RIMA injections were well tolerated compared with placebo. The most common adverse events were self-limited mild to moderate dry mouth, dysphagia, and dental caries. Conclusions and Relevance Treatment with RIMA (2500 U and 3500 U) in adults was well tolerated and reduced sialorrhea, with the onset of the effect at 1 week after the injection. These data support the clinical use of RIMA in the management of sialorrhea in adults. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01994109
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - William Ondo
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Eric Molho
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | | | - Mark Lew
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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17
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Makino K, Mahant N, Tilden D, Aghajanian L. Cost-Effectiveness of IncobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Sialorrhea in Patients with Various Neurological Conditions. Neurol Ther 2020; 9:117-133. [PMID: 32162214 PMCID: PMC7229096 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sialorrhea is a common and debilitating symptom associated with neurological conditions, which can result in considerable physical and psychosocial complications. In Australia, management options are limited and further impeded by the lack of approved treatments. Whilst there is emerging evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of botulinum toxin (BoNT) for the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with neurological conditions, the cost-effectiveness of the treatment is yet to be established. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of chronic troublesome sialorrhea caused by various neurological conditions from the Australian healthcare perspective. METHODS A Markov state transition model was developed to perform a cost-utility analysis comparing incobotulinumtoxinA with standard of care (SoC). The model consisted of a hypothetical cohort of patients transiting between three severity-based health states, defined according to the Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS), in 16-weekly cycles over 5 years. All clinical and utility inputs were sourced from a single placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Only direct healthcare costs were considered, and potential indirect costs such as carer's time and lost productivity were ignored. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS The model demonstrated that proportionally more patients spent time in less severe sialorrhea health states in the incobotulinumtoxinA arm. For example, over the 5-year period, patients receiving incobotulinumtoxinA were estimated to spend 1.6 years with minimal or no sialorrhea, while no patients achieved this level of improvement under SoC. IncobotulinumtoxinA was shown to have an incremental cost per QALY gained of A$23,445 when compared with SoC. CONCLUSIONS The quality of life (QoL) of patients with sialorrhea caused by neurological conditions was considerably compromised. IncobotulinumtoxinA was shown to successfully alleviate sialorrhea and it was demonstrated to be a cost-effective intervention when compared with SoC alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Makino
- THEMA Consulting Pty. Ltd., Sydney, Australia.
| | - Neil Mahant
- Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Legacy J, Herndon NE, Wheeler-Hegland K, Okun MS, Patel B. A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease dysphagia and aspiration. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:411-424. [PMID: 32657208 PMCID: PMC10405619 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1769475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbar dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) with more than 80% of affected individuals developing dysphagia during the course of the disease. Symptoms can begin in the preclinical stage and individuals may remain clinically asymptomatic for years. Furthermore, patients may be unaware of swallowing changes, which contributes to the difference between the prevalence of self-reported dysphagia and deficits identified during instrumental evaluations. Dysphagia is underrecognized and contributes to the development of aspiration pneumonia which is the leading cause of death in PD. Dysphagia in PD is complex and not completely understood. Both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic pathways likely underpin dysphagia. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review will cover the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and expert management of dysphagia and aspiration in patients with PD. EXPERT OPINION A multidisciplinary team approach is important to properly identify and manage PD dysphagia. Regular clinical screenings with objective instrumental assessments are necessary for early detection of dysphagia. Studies are needed to better understand the mechanism(s) involved in PD dysphagia, establish markers for early detection and progression, and develop evidence-based treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Legacy
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nicole E. Herndon
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Karen Wheeler-Hegland
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bhavana Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
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Mito Y, Yabe I, Yaguchi H, Sato C, Takei T, Terae S, Tajima Y. Relationships of drooling with motor symptoms and dopamine transporter imaging in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105951. [PMID: 32492588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships of drooling with motor symptoms and nigrostriatal neuron loss in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We therefore examined the relationships of drooling with motor symptoms and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding measured by [123-Iodine]-fluoropropyl-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenylnortropane) dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography(123I-FP-CIT SPECT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five untreated PD patients (14 men and 21 women with a mean age of 71.9 ± 7.2 years) were included in this study. The patients were divided into a drooler group and non-drooler group. They underwent clinical assessments and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging. Motor symptoms were assessed using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). RESULTS The results showed that UPDRS motor score (p = 0.002) and akinetic-rigid score (p = 0.008) were higher and that striatal DAT availability (p = 0.03) was lower in the drooler group than in the non-drooler group. However, tremor score, age, and duration of PD showed no significant differences between the drooler group and non-drooler group. CONCLUSIONS Drooling in untreated PD is related to an increase in motor symptoms (especially bradykinesia and axial symptoms) and to reduction of striatal DAT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Mito
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science Center, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kita 11-nishi 13, ChuoKu, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science Center, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kita 11-nishi 13, ChuoKu, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Terae
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Tajima
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science Center, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kita 11-nishi 13, ChuoKu, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan
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20
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van Wamelen DJ, Leta V, Johnson J, Ocampo CL, Podlewska AM, Rukavina K, Rizos A, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR. Drooling in Parkinson's Disease: Prevalence and Progression from the Non-motor International Longitudinal Study. Dysphagia 2020; 35:955-961. [PMID: 32130515 PMCID: PMC7669801 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialorrhoea in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an often neglected yet key non-motor symptom with impact on patient quality of life. However, previous studies have shown a broad range of prevalence figures. To assess prevalence of drooling in PD and its relationship to quality of life, we performed a retrospective analysis of 728 consecutive PD patients who had a baseline and follow-up assessment as part of the Non-motor International Longitudinal Study (NILS), and for whom drooling presence and severity were available, assessed through the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). In addition, we analysed the prevalence of associated dysphagia through self-reported outcomes. Quality of life was assessed through the PDQ-8 scale. Baseline (disease duration 5.6 years) prevalence of drooling was 37.2% (score ≥ 1 NMSS question 19), and after 3.27 ± 1.74 years follow-up, this was 40.1% (p = 0.17). The prevalence of drooling increased with age (p < 0.001). The severity of drooling, however, did not change (p = 0.12). While in 456 patients without drooling at baseline, only 16% (n = 73) had dysphagia (question 20 of the NMSS), in those with drooling this was 34.3% (p < 0.001). At follow-up, the number of patients with dysphagia had increased, 20.4% with no drooling had dysphagia, and 43.6% with drooling had dysphagia. Both at baseline and follow-up, drooling severity was significantly positively associated with quality of life (PDQ-8; r = 0.199; p < 0.001). In moderately advanced PD patients, subjective drooling occurs in over one-third of patients and was significantly associated with decreased quality of life. Dysphagia occurred significantly more often in patients with drooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J van Wamelen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK. .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Leta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Julia Johnson
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Claudia Lazcano Ocampo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aleksandra M Podlewska
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence At King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease: A Multifactorial Symptom. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.99300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McNaney R, Miller N, Vines J, Olivier P, Ladha K, Jackson D, Walker R. The feasibility and acceptability of using a novel wrist worn cueing device to self-manage drooling problems in people with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2019; 6:2055668319852529. [PMID: 31662884 PMCID: PMC6796203 DOI: 10.1177/2055668319852529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Daytime drooling is experienced by around 50% of Parkinson’s patients, who
fail to swallow saliva in sufficient volume or regularity, despite normal
production. This research explored the feasibility and acceptability of
using a cueing device, to improve drooling. Methods During a four-week intervention, 28 participants were asked to use a cueing
device for 1 h per day. During this time, the device vibrated
once-per-minute, reminding the participant to swallow their saliva. A daily
diary was used to collect self-report around swallowing severity, frequency,
and duration. This was filled out by participants for one week before, four
weeks during and for one week immediately after intervention. Diaries were
also collected for one week during a follow up, carried out four weeks after
intervention finished. Results Participants self-reported benefits in drooling severity
(p = 0.031), frequency (p ≤ 0.001), and
duration (p = 0.001) after using the device. Improvements
were maintained at follow up. Twenty-two participants explicitly reported a
positive benefit to their drooling during exit interview. All felt the
intervention and device were acceptable and usable. Conclusions Using a cueing device for one month had perceived benefit to drooling
severity, frequency and duration in patients with Parkinson’s. Participants
accepted the device and treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McNaney
- School of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nick Miller
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Vines
- NORTHLab, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick Olivier
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karim Ladha
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Jackson
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Walker
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
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Alpha-synuclein in salivary gland as biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:455-462. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Estimates of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) range between 46% and 90%, the accuracy of diagnosis dependent on prolonged clinical observation and clinical response to levodopa. For this reason, we need reliable diagnostic biomarkers. The cardinal hallmark of PD is alpha-synuclein aggregation in the brain. Demonstrating pathological alpha-synuclein in live patients would be useful for identifying and monitoring PD patients. By autopsy studies and in vivo studies, the presence of alpha-synuclein has been demonstrated even outside the central nervous system and the gastro-enteric tract appears to be the most promising candidate tissue for biopsy-taking and the esophagus and salivary glands appear to be the area with the highest concentration of alpha-synuclein. The purpose of our study is to conduct a review to determine the utility of salivary gland biopsy for the histological diagnosis of PD. A computerized medline study was carried out through the use of pubmed: using the MeSH terms: ‘salivary gland biopsy for PD’, ‘PD and dysphagia’, ‘alpha-synuclein and salivary gland’. We found 9 articles about minor salivary glands and submandibular gland biopsy for diagnosis of PD. According to the results of this review, the submandibular gland biopsy is the test with the increased sensitivity and specificity compared to the biopsy of the minor salivary glands (sensitivity: 0.85 and 0.37 respectability and specificity: 0.96 and 0.94 respectively). New studies are necessary on a wider population to confirm these results.
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Chen Y, Huang H, Ning P, Zhao Q, Wang H, Shen Q, Xu Y. Frequency and factors related to drooling in Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study. Clin Auton Res 2019; 29:595-601. [PMID: 30864043 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drooling is a common symptom of neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore the frequency of drooling and its relationship to clinical features in a relatively large cohort of Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 143 patients with MSA. Patients with drooling were identified as those with a score ≥ 1 on item 6 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Additional scales were used to rate daily functionality, neurologic and cognitive capabilities, levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep quality. These results were compared between patients with and without drooling. RESULTS The frequency of drooling in this cohort was 59.4% (85/143). Drooling was associated with significantly poorer scores on the Unified MSA Rating Scale (subscore I, subscore II, subscore IV, total score), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination. After adjusting for confounders, regression analysis identified two independent risk factors for drooling: parkinsonism-associated MSA (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.15-5.65) and hypomimia (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.32-7.68). CONCLUSIONS Drooling is relatively common among Chinese MSA patients, and parkinsonism-associated MSA and hypomimia appear to be independent risk factors for drooling. The severity of this symptom correlates with the presence of severe motor symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Ning
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Shen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease and animal models. Clin Auton Res 2019; 29:397-414. [PMID: 30604165 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-018-00584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease has traditionally been classified as a movement disorder, despite patients' accounts of diverse symptoms stemming from impairments in numerous body systems. Today, Parkinson disease is increasingly recognized by clinicians and scientists as a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor manifestations concomitant with pathology throughout all major branches of the nervous system. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, or dysautonomia, is a common feature of Parkinson disease. It produces signs and symptoms that severely affect patients' quality of life, such as blood pressure dysregulation, hyperhidrosis, and constipation. Treatment options for dysautonomia are limited to symptom alleviation because the cause of these symptoms and Parkinson disease overall are still unknown. Animal models provide a platform to interrogate mechanisms of Parkinson disease-related autonomic nervous system dysfunction and test novel treatment strategies. Several animal models of Parkinson disease are available, each with different effects on the autonomic nervous system. This review critically analyses key dysautonomia signs and symptoms and associated pathology in Parkinson disease patients and relevant findings in animal models. We focus on the cardiovascular system, adrenal medulla, skin/thermoregulation, bladder, pupils, and gastrointestinal tract, to assess the contribution of animal models to the understanding of Parkinson disease autonomic dysfunction.
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26
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Barbe AG, Ludwar L, Scharfenberg I, Hellmich M, Dano R, Barbe MT, Noack MJ. Circadian rhythms and influencing factors of xerostomia among Parkinson’s disease patients. Oral Dis 2018; 25:282-289. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greta Barbe
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne Köln Germany
| | - Lena Ludwar
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne Köln Germany
| | - Isabel Scharfenberg
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne Köln Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology University of Cologne Köln Germany
| | - Richard Dano
- Department of Neurology University of Cologne Köln Germany
| | | | - Michael Johannes Noack
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne Köln Germany
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27
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Martínez-Poles J, Nedkova-Hristova V, Escribano-Paredes JB, García-Madrona S, Natera-Villalba E, Estévez-Fraga C, López-Sendón Moreno JL, Avilés-Olmos I, Sánchez Díaz G, Martínez Castrillo JC, Alonso-Canovas A. Incobotulinumtoxin A for Sialorrhea in Neurological Disorders: A Real-Life Experience. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060217. [PMID: 29843420 PMCID: PMC6024805 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A is one of the most useful treatments of sialorrhea in neurological disorders. Evidence for the use of incobotulinumtoxin A (inco-A) in the treatment of sialorrhea is limited. Thirty-six patients with sialorrhea were treated with infiltrations of inco-A into both parotid glands. The severity of sialorrhea was evaluated by the Drooling Severity Scale (DSS), and the Drooling Frequency Scale (DFS). Patients’ perceptions of clinical benefit were recorded via the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. Following treatment, there was a significant difference in both the DFS and the DSS (p < 0.001). Clinical benefits on the basis of the PGI-I were present in up to 90% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Estévez-Fraga
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3RX, UK.
| | | | - Icíar Avilés-Olmos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Sánchez Díaz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Farah R, Haraty H, Salame Z, Fares Y, Ojcius DM, Said Sadier N. Salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases. Biomed J 2018; 41:63-87. [PMID: 29866603 PMCID: PMC6138769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research efforts on neurological diseases are focused on identifying novel disease biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, provide accurate prognostic information and monitor disease progression. With advances in detection and quantification methods in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, saliva has emerged as a good source of samples for detection of disease biomarkers. Obtaining a sample of saliva offers multiple advantages over the currently tested biological fluids as it is a non-invasive, painless and simple procedure that does not require expert training or harbour undesirable side effects for the patients. Here, we review the existing literature on salivary biomarkers and examine their validity in diagnosing and monitoring neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Based on the available research, amyloid beta peptide, tau protein, lactoferrin, alpha-synuclein, DJ-1 protein, chromogranin A, huntingtin protein, DNA methylation disruptions, and micro-RNA profiles provide display a reliable degree of consistency and validity as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Haraty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Salame
- Research Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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29
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Nienstedt JC, Buhmann C, Bihler M, Niessen A, Plaetke R, Gerloff C, Pflug C. Drooling is no early sign of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13259. [PMID: 29178420 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia is frequent and clinically highly relevant in Parkinson's disease (PD). For a rational dysphagia screening predictors are required. Previous investigations suggested that drooling correlates with dysphagia and may serve as its early sign. The aim of this study was to clarify the interrelationship of drooling and dysphagia. METHODS In a controlled, cross-sectional, observational study, a total of 119 Parkinson outpatients and 32 controls were examined clinically and by flexible-endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Drooling, dysphagia including retained pharyngeal secretions, and cognitive function were assessed by established evaluation scales. KEY RESULTS Fifty percent of all PD patients but only 9% of controls had drooling (P < .001). Drooling and dysphagia were related in PD (P = .027) but the data do not support to view drooling as a hallmark symptom for critical dysphagia. Thirty-nine percent of the patients with critical aspiration had no drooling. In contrast, 41% of the patients with severe drooling had no clinically relevant dysphagia in FEES. The oral, but not the pharyngeal secretion management was impaired in PD patients and there was no clear association between drooling and pharyngeal secretion accumulation. Cognitive impaired patients had significantly more drooling (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Although frequent in PD, drooling and dysphagia are only weakly related and drooling cannot be viewed as an early sign of dysphagia. Our data further suggest that the underlying cause of drooling is located in the voluntary oral phase, which is negatively influenced by cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Nienstedt
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Bihler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Niessen
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Plaetke
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Pflug
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Schmid S, Goldberg-Bockhorn E, Schwarz S, Rotter N, Kassubek J, Del Tredici K, Pinkhardt E, Otto M, Ludolph AC, Oeckl P. Alpha-synuclein is present in dental calculus but not altered in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to controls. J Neurol 2018; 265:1334-1337. [PMID: 29600388 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In autopsy cases staged for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), the neuropathology is characterized by a preclinical phase that targets the enteric nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Therefore, the ENS might be a source of potential (presymptomatic) PD biomarkers. METHODS In this clinically based study, we examined the alpha-synuclein (αSyn) concentration in an easily accessible protein storage medium of the GIT, dental calculus, in 21/50 patients with PD and 28/50 age- and gender-matched controls using ELISA. RESULTS αSyn was detectable in dental calculus and the median concentration in the control patients was 8.6 pg/mg calculus (interquartile range 2.6-13.1 pg/mg). αSyn concentrations were significantly influenced by blood contamination and samples with a hemoglobin concentration of > 4000 ng/mL were excluded. There was no significant difference of αSyn concentrations in the dental calculus of PD patients (5.76 pg/mg, interquartile range 2.91-9.74 pg/mg) compared to those in controls (p = 0.40). CONCLUSION The total αSyn concentration in dental calculus is not a suitable biomarker for sporadic PD. Disease-related variants such as oligomeric or phosphorylated αSyn in calculus might prove to be more specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schmid
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Silke Schwarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kelly Del Tredici
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar Pinkhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, Ulm, Germany
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31
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Song W, Kothari V, Velly AM, Cressatti M, Liberman A, Gornitsky M, Schipper HM. Evaluation of salivary heme oxygenase-1 as a potential biomarker of early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:583-591. [PMID: 29488275 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS To date, there are no chemical analytes, including biochemical indices of oxidative stress, metabolites of α-synuclein protein, and differential protein expression patterns on proteomic profiling, for use in clinics as a diagnostic biomarker of idiopathic PD. OBJECTIVES Heme oxygenase-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether salivary heme oxygenase-1 may serve as a biomarker for early idiopathic PD. METHODS Fifty-eight PD patients and 59 non-neurological disease controls were recruited. Levels of heme oxygenase-1 expression were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis of whole, unstimulated saliva. Analyses were adjusted by sex, l-dopa exposure, and relevant comorbidities. RESULTS We documented: (1) the presence of 32-kDa heme oxygenase-1 protein in human saliva; (2) significantly higher mean heme oxygenase-1 protein concentrations in saliva of PD patients relative to control values; (3) no variability in salivary heme oxygenase-1 levels with sex, age, l-dopa equivalence, or comorbidities; and (4) significantly higher mean salivary heme oxygenase-1 concentrations in patients with H & Y stage 1 PD (early) than control subjects and stage 2 and stage 3 PD patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that separated controls from PD H & Y stage 1 was 76% (95% confidence interval: 63-90). CONCLUSIONS Salivary heme oxygenase-1 concentrations may provide a useful, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive biomarker of early idiopathic PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vimal Kothari
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Velly
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornitsky
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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MUSLU Z, DEVELİOĞLU H. PARKINSON’S DISEASE IN DENTISTRY AND PERIODONTOLOGY. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.369390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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33
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Wollmer E, Klein S. A review of patient-specific gastrointestinal parameters as a platform for developing in vitro models for predicting the in vivo performance of oral dosage forms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:298-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Incorporating oral health into interprofessional care teams for patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 43:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Apart from the typical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease is characterized by a wide range of different non-motor symptoms, which are highly prevalent in all stages of the disease and have an incisive influence on quality of life. Moreover, their treatment continues to be challenging. In this review, we critically summarize the evidence for the impact of dopaminergic therapies on non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. We performed a PubMed search to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated the response of non-motor symptoms to dopaminergic therapy. In the domain of neuropsychiatric disturbances, there is increasing evidence that dopamine agonists can ameliorate depression or anxiety. Other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis or impulse control disorders can also be worsened or even be induced by dopaminergic agents. For the treatment of sleep disturbances, it is essential to identify different subtypes of sleep pathologies. While there is for example profound evidence for the effectiveness of dopaminergic medication for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and sleep fragmentation, evidence for an improvement of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is lacking. With regard to the broad spectrum of autonomic disturbances, response to dopaminergic treatment seems to differ largely, with on the one hand, some evidence for an improvement of sexual function or sweating with dopaminergic treatment, while on the other hand, constipation can be worsened. Finally, the analysis of sensory deficits reveals that some forms of pain, in particular fluctuation-dependent dystonic pain, can be well addressed by adapting the dopaminergic therapy, while no effect has been seen so far for hyposmia or visual deficits. Moreover, the occurrence of non-motor fluctuations is gaining increased attention, as they can be specifically addressed by a more continuous dopaminergic intake. Taken together, there is evidence of a good response of some (but not all) non-motor symptoms to dopaminergic therapy, which must be individually adapted to the special spectrum of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, Christians-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 41, Kiel, 24105, Germany.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christians-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 41, Kiel, 24105, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
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Abstract
The people who are treated in the community setting will often have multiple comorbidities. Systemic medical conditions can have a negative impact on oral health. In addition, the medications used to treat systemic conditions may also themselves cause oral symptoms. As a large proportion of patients treated by the community nursing team will be elderly, this paper will focus on common geriatric conditions that can display oral or dental symptoms. The effects of medications will be discussed and linked to oral complaints patients may express. The primary aims are to give a broad overview of the oral effects of ageing, of illness and of polypharmacy and advise on how these can be best managed by the nursing team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Critchlow
- Senior Dental Officer, Northeast London NHS Foundation Trust, Dental Department, Grays Health Centre
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38
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Barbe AG, Heinzler A, Derman SHM, Hellmich M, Timmermann L, Noack MJ. Hyposalivation and xerostomia among Parkinson's disease patients and its impact on quality of life. Oral Dis 2017; 23:464-470. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AG Barbe
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
| | - A Heinzler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
| | - SHM Derman
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
| | - M Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
| | - L Timmermann
- Department of Neurology; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
| | - MJ Noack
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Cologne; Köln Germany
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39
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Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Simons JA. Swallowing Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 134:1207-1238. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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41
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Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Symptoms and Treatments. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:6762528. [PMID: 28050310 PMCID: PMC5168460 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6762528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that nonmotor symptoms, especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions, could be considered as early biomarkers since they are ubiquitously found among confirmed patients and occur much earlier than their motor manifestations. According to Braak's hypothesis, the disease is postulated to originate in the intestine and then spread to the brain via the vagus nerve, a phenomenon that would involve other neuronal types than the well-established dopaminergic population. It has therefore been proposed that peripheral nondopaminergic impairments might precede the alteration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and, ultimately, the emergence of motor symptoms. Considering the growing interest in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease, this review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the multiple gastrointestinal features of the disease, along with the therapeutic approaches used to reduce their burden. Moreover, we highlight the importance of gastrointestinal symptoms with respect to the patients' responses towards medical treatments and discuss the various possible adverse interactions that can potentially occur, which are still poorly understood.
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Abstract
The number of persons 60 years and older has increased 3-fold between 1950 and 2000. Aging alone does not greatly impact the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Digestive dysfunction, including esophageal reflux, achalasia, dysphagia, dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, constipation, fecal incontinence, and fecal impaction, is a result of the highly prevalent comorbid conditions and the medications with which those conditions are treated. A multidisciplinary approach with the expertise of a geriatrician, gastroenterologist, neurologist, speech pathologist, and physical therapist ensures a comprehensive functional and neurological assessment of the older patient. Radiographic and endoscopic evaluation may be warranted in the evaluation of the symptomatic older patient with consideration given to the risks and benefits of the test being used. Treatment of the digestive dysfunction is aimed at improving health-related quality of life if cure cannot be achieved. Promotion of healthy aging, treatment of comorbid conditions, and avoidance of polypharmacy may prevent some of these digestive disorders. The age-related changes in GI motility, clinical presentation of GI dysmotility, and therapeutic principles in the symptomatic older patient are reviewed here.
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Hill F, Miller N, Walsh RA, Mockler D, McDowell R, Walshe M. Botulinum toxin for drooling in Parkinson’s disease. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hill
- Tallaght Hospital; Department of Speech & Language Therapy; Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland
| | - Nick Miller
- Newcastle University; Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 4LP
| | - Richard A Walsh
- Tallaght Hospital; Department of Neurology; Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James Hospital; John Stearne Library; St James's Hospital Dublin 8 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ronald McDowell
- Royal College of Surgeons; Department of General Practice; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Margaret Walshe
- Trinity College Dublin; Clinical Speech and Language Studies; 7-9 South Leinster Street Dublin Ireland 2
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Hou Y, Luo C, Yang J, Song W, Ou R, Liu W, Gong Q, Shang H. A resting-state fMRI study on early-stage drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients with drooling. Neurosci Lett 2016; 634:119-125. [PMID: 27717835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drooling is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to evaluate the brain connectivity of cortico-striatal circuits in PD patients with drooling. METHOD We enrolled 30 early-stage drug-naïve PD patients and 30 matched normal controls. Among the PD patients, 15 patients were classified as "droolers" with the presence of drooling and 15 patients as "non-droolers" with the absence of drooling. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI scans on a 3-T MR system, focusing on the functional connectivity of striatum subregions. RESULTS Compared with PD patients without drooling, PD patients with drooling showed the significantly reduced functional connectivity of putamen within bilateral sensorimotor cortices, superior and inferior parietal lobules and areas in the right occipital and temporal lobes. No increased functional connectivity was found between the two PD subgroups. In addition, compared with healthy controls, both PD subgroups showed the functional connectivity alterations in cortico-striatal loops. The decreased functional connectivity was prominent in the most affected posterior putamen, and the increased functional connectivity was evident only in the relatively unaffected anterior striatum and caudate. CONCLUSION By studying a cohort of early-stage drug-naïve PD patients, we eliminated the potential confounding effects of antiparkinson medication on the functional integration of neural networks. We demonstrated decreased connectivity within cortico-striatal networks in PD patients with drooling. These findings might be helpful for promoting the further understanding of neural system effects underlying drooling in PD. Our result is preliminary and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Hou
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Wanglin Liu
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan University, China.
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Mukherjee A, Biswas A, Das SK. Gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5742-5752. [PMID: 27433087 PMCID: PMC4932209 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early involvement of gut is observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and symptoms such as constipation may precede motor symptoms. α-Synuclein pathology is extensively evident in the gut and appears to follow a rostrocaudal gradient. The gut may act as the starting point of PD pathology with spread toward the central nervous system. This spread of the synuclein pathology raises the possibility of prion-like propagation in PD pathogenesis. Recently, the role of gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis has received attention and some phenotypic correlation has also been shown. The extensive involvement of the gut in PD even in its early stages has led to the evaluation of enteric α-synuclein as a possible biomarker of early PD. The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD include malnutrition, oral and dental disorders, sialorrhea, dysphagia, gastroparesis, constipation, and defecatory dysfunction. These conditions are quite distressing for the patients and require relevant investigations and adequate management. Treatment usually involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. One important aspect of gut dysfunction is its contribution to the clinical fluctuations in PD. Dysphagia and gastroparesis lead to inadequate absorption of oral anti-PD medications. These lead to response fluctuations, particularly delayed-on and no-on, and there is significant relationship between levodopa pharmacokinetics and gastric emptying in patients with PD. Therefore, in such cases, alternative routes of administration or drug delivery systems may be required.
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Perez-Lloret S. Investigational drugs for autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:259-62. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1135128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Essa H, Hamdy S. Evaluating the Scope of Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Review of the Evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4303/ne/235955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Malloy JR, Valentin JC, Hands GL, Stevens CA, Langmore SE, Noordzij JP, Stepp CE. Visuomotor control of neck surface electromyography in Parkinson's disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2015; 35:795-803. [PMID: 25318778 DOI: 10.3233/nre-141169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare performance of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched controls on a visuomotor tracking task controlled via surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS Twenty-seven adults with PD and twenty-four older controls produced dry swallows and completed a visuomotor tracking task utilizing both static and dynamic targets. sEMG was recorded at the anterior neck and submental surface during both tasks. RESULTS There was no significant difference in visuomotor tracking ability between cohorts. Post hoc analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between participant groups in the strength or duration of swallows as measured by sEMG but that participants with PD showed a trend for decreased swallow durations at the anterior neck (padj = 0.067) whereas controls showed a trend for increased durations at the anterior neck (padj = 0.112), compared to the submental surface. However, there were no significant correlations between swallowing behavior and visuomotor tracking ability. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in visuomotor tracking performance between individuals with PD and controls. Furthermore, there was no relationship between tracking ability and swallowing behavior. We conclude that sEMG-mediated biofeedback may have limited promise as a tool for treating PD-related dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Malloy
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana C Valentin
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle L Hands
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan E Langmore
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Pieter Noordzij
- Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Trocello JM, Osmani K, Pernon M, Chevaillier G, de Brugière C, Remy P, Wenisch E, Cousin C, Girardot-Tinant N, Woimant F. Hypersialorrhea in Wilson's Disease. Dysphagia 2015. [PMID: 26209285 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-015-9627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypersialorrhea, corresponding to excessive salivation is a symptom frequently reported in Wilson's disease, especially in its neurological form. The prevalence of this frequent complaint has not been often evaluated. During a 7-month period, 87 consecutive Wilson's disease patients answered to the simple question "do you have the sensation of excess saliva in your mouth?" to evaluate the frequency of this symptom. A sub-sample of 10 consecutive Wilson's disease patients with drooling was recruited to undergo quantitative and qualitative measures to evaluate the mechanism of hypersialorrhea. Excessive drooling or excess saliva was found in 46 % of patients followed at the French Reference Centre. Ninety-eight percent of them presented neurological symptoms and drooling was found in only one patient without neurological symptoms. Our study showed that patients with a complaint of excessive saliva produced significantly higher quantities of saliva at rest than controls. Endoscopic examination was abnormal in six patients. A significant decrease of swallowing frequency, longer swallow latencies, and poor swallowing capacities may partly explain the salivary stasis. Oropharyngeal sensitivity disorders were present in 50 % of our patients. The decrease of the swallowing frequency observed in all patients could be related to cognitive and behavioral abnormalities with initiation difficulties objectified by longer latencies triggered by all the ingested volumes. This study confirmed the hypothesis of a multifactorial origin of hypersialorrhea in patients who have been diagnosed in Wilson's disease. It was essential to evaluate drooling with a multidisciplinary consultation to better identify the underlying mechanisms and to implement strategies for speech therapy and therapeutic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Trocello
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Karima Osmani
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Pernon
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chevaillier
- Service ORL, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire de Brugière
- Service ORL, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Remy
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Wenisch
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Cousin
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Girardot-Tinant
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - France Woimant
- French Reference Centre for Wilson's Disease, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
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Jost WH. The option of sonographic guidance in Botulinum toxin injection for drooling in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:51-5. [PMID: 26138438 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a syndrome that frequently includes drooling, i.e., the involuntary spillage of saliva over the lip margin. Such drooling places a severe burden on both the health and the quality of life of Parkinsonian patients. Its origin lies in the impairment of oral motor control and swallowing associated with Parkinson's disease. It can be treated surgically or conservatively by reducing the production of saliva in the salivary glands, to which the parotid and submandibular glands make the greatest contribution. Botulinum neurotoxins A and B, administered to these glands, are in increasing use as treatment for drooling from various causes including Parkinson's disease. Wide knowledge was gathered about preferred drugs, dosages, injection sites and injection-guiding techniques, albeit without providing evidence-based guidance or a clear rationale for the mode of action of the medication or any information about further influential or predictive factors for safety and efficacy. However, it is essential that the relevant glands be targeted accurately; although this can be done by using anatomical landmarks, the use of sonographic guidance seems preferable. In the hands of a trained injector, sonography is a quick and non-invasive imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Jost
- Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Parkinson-Klinik Wolfach, Kreuzbergstr. 12-24, 77709, Wolfach, Germany.
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