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Khandia R, Pandey MK, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Baklanov I, Gurjar P. Application of codon usage and context analysis in genes up- or down-regulated in neurodegeneration and cancer to combat comorbidities. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1200523. [PMID: 37383425 PMCID: PMC10293642 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurodegeneration and cancer present in comorbidities with inverse effects due to the expression of genes and pathways acting in opposition. Identifying and studying the genes simultaneously up or downregulated during morbidities helps curb both ailments together. Methods This study examines four genes. Three of these (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein (APP), Cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) are upregulated, and one protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator (PTPA) is simultaneously downregulated in both disorders. We investigated molecular patterns, codon usage, codon usage bias, nucleotide bias in the third codon position, preferred codons, preferred codon pairs, rare codons, and codon context. Results Parity analysis revealed that T is preferred over A, and G is preferred over C in the third codon position, suggesting composition plays no role in nucleotide bias in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets and that mutational forces are stronger in upregulated gene sets than in downregulated ones. Transcript length influenced the overall %A composition and codon bias, and the codon AGG exerted the strongest influence on codon usage in both the upregulated and downregulated gene sets. Codons ending in G/C were preferred for 16 amino acids, and glutamic acid-, aspartic acid-, leucine-, valine-, and phenylalanine-initiated codon pairs were preferred in all genes. Codons CTA (Leu), GTA (Val), CAA (Gln), and CGT (Arg) were underrepresented in all examined genes. Discussion Using advanced gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas or any other gene augmentation technique, these recoded genes may be introduced into the human body to optimize gene expression levels to augment neurodegeneration and cancer therapeutic regimens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Translational Medicine Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Baklanov
- Department of Philosophy, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Pankaj Gurjar
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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Tóth V, Diakoumakou SC, Kuroli E, Tóth B, Kuzmanovszki D, Szakonyi J, Lőrincz KK, Somlai B, Kárpáti S, Holló P. Cutaneous malignancies in patients with Parkinson's disease at a dermato-oncological university centre in Hungary. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142170. [PMID: 37274278 PMCID: PMC10235680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The possible correlation between melanoma and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been intensively studied. In this work, we aimed to assess the coincidence of skin malignancies and PD at a dermato-oncological university centre in Central-Eastern Europe, Hungary. Methods From 2004 to 2017, a retrospective analysis of the centre's database was performed based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Results Out of the patients who visited the clinic during the study period, 20,658 were treated for malignant skin tumours. Over the 14 years, 205 dermatological patients had PD simultaneously, 111 (54%) of whom had at least one type of skin malignancy: melanoma (n=22), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n=82), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=36) (in some patients, multiple skin tumours were identified). Compared to the age- and sex-matched control group, patients with PD had a significantly lower risk for basal cell carcinoma (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89, p=0.0076) and for all skin tumours (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98, p=0.0392) but not for melanoma. Conclusions We found a decreased risk of all skin tumours and basal cell carcinoma and an unchanged risk of melanoma among patients with PD. However, it should be kept in mind that some large-scale meta-analyses suggest a higher incidence of melanoma after a diagnosis of PD, indicating the importance of skin examination in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tóth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Enikő Kuroli
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Tóth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniella Kuzmanovszki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Szakonyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kende Kálmán Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Somlai
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Holló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Electronic, spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of neutral and zwitterionic forms of 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine: A novel lung cancer drug. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Johannes CB, Saltus CW, Kaye JA, Calingaert B, Kaplan S, Gordon MF, Andrews EB. The Risk of Melanoma With Rasagiline Compared With Other Antiparkinsonian Medications: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the
US
Medicare Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2022; 31:643-651. [PMID: 35224798 PMCID: PMC9321028 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Compare the risk of melanoma between initiators of rasagiline or other antiparkinsonian drugs (APDs) in a Parkinson's disease (PD) population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the US Medicare claims research database (2006–2015) in adults aged ≥65 years with PD claims. Other APD initiators were randomly matched (4:1) to rasagiline initiators on age, sex, and cohort entry year. Cutaneous melanoma events were identified by a validated claims algorithm. Incidence rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and Cox‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for melanoma comparing rasagiline with other APD initiators were calculated and analyzed by duration of study medication use and cumulative dose of rasagiline. Potential indicators of surveillance bias were explored. Results Among 23 708 rasagiline initiators and 96 552 matched APD initiators, the crude IR of melanoma/100 000 person‐years was 334.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 291.5–381.6) and 208.2 (95% CI, 190.1–227.5), respectively (crude IRR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.36–1.89). The adjusted HR was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.14–1.65) and increased with longer rasagiline exposure and higher cumulative rasagiline doses. Rasagiline initiators more frequently had dermatologist visits or skin biopsies before cohort entry than APD initiators and had a higher incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer during follow‐up (crude IRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.35–1.54). Conclusions A small increased incidence of melanoma with exposure to rasagiline compared with other APDs was observed. Although the pattern with dose and duration is consistent with a hypothesized biologic effect, the increased skin cancer surveillance among rasagiline users suggests surveillance bias as a contributing explanation for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A. Kaye
- Department of Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions Waltham Massachusetts
| | - Brian Calingaert
- Department of Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Sigal Kaplan
- Global Patient Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Netanya Israel
| | - Mark Forrest Gordon
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. West Chester Pennsylvania USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Andrews
- Department of Epidemiology RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park North Carolina
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Bivol S, Mellick GD, Gratten J, Parker R, Mulcahy A, Mosley PE, Poortvliet PC, Campos AI, Mitchell BL, Garcia-Marin LM, Cross S, Ferguson M, Lind PA, Loesch DZ, Visscher PM, Medland SE, Scherzer CR, Martin NG, Rentería ME. Australian Parkinson's Genetics Study (APGS): pilot (n=1532). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052032. [PMID: 35217535 PMCID: PMC8883215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive disability. While the precise aetiology is unknown, there is evidence of significant genetic and environmental influences on individual risk. The Australian Parkinson's Genetics Study seeks to study genetic and patient-reported data from a large cohort of individuals with PD in Australia to understand the sociodemographic, genetic and environmental basis of PD susceptibility, symptoms and progression. PARTICIPANTS In the pilot phase reported here, 1819 participants were recruited through assisted mailouts facilitated by Services Australia based on having three or more prescriptions for anti-PD medications in their Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme records. The average age at the time of the questionnaire was 64±6 years. We collected patient-reported information and sociodemographic variables via an online (93% of the cohort) or paper-based (7%) questionnaire. One thousand five hundred and thirty-two participants (84.2%) met all inclusion criteria, and 1499 provided a DNA sample via traditional post. FINDINGS TO DATE 65% of participants were men, and 92% identified as being of European descent. A previous traumatic brain injury was reported by 16% of participants and was correlated with a younger age of symptom onset. At the time of the questionnaire, constipation (36% of participants), depression (34%), anxiety (17%), melanoma (16%) and diabetes (10%) were the most reported comorbid conditions. FUTURE PLANS We plan to recruit sex-matched and age-matched unaffected controls, genotype all participants and collect non-motor symptoms and cognitive function data. Future work will explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of PD susceptibility, onset, symptoms, and progression, including as part of international PD research consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bivol
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aoibhe Mulcahy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip E Mosley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter C Poortvliet
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian I Campos
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis M Garcia-Marin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simone Cross
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Ferguson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danuta Z Loesch
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Miguel E Rentería
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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D’Ecclesiis O, Caini S, Martinoli C, Raimondi S, Gaiaschi C, Tosti G, Queirolo P, Veneri C, Saieva C, Gandini S, Chiocca S. Gender-Dependent Specificities in Cutaneous Melanoma Predisposition, Risk Factors, Somatic Mutations, Prognostic and Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7945. [PMID: 34360236 PMCID: PMC8345480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Over the last decades, the incidence of melanoma has been steadily growing, with 4.2% of the population worldwide affected by cutaneous melanoma (CM) in 2020 and with a higher incidence and mortality in men than in women. We investigated both the risk factors for CM development and the prognostic and predictive factors for survival, stratifying for both sex and gender. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PUB-MED, EMBASE, and Scopus until 4 February 2021. We included reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses investigating differences between women and men in CM risk factors and in prognostic and predictive factors for CM survival. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-four studies were included, and relevant data extracted. Of these, 13 studies concerned potential risk factors, six concerned predictive factors, and five addressed prognostic factors of melanoma. DISCUSSION The systematic review revealed no significant differences in genetic predisposition to CM between males and females, while there appear to be several gender disparities regarding CM risk factors, partly attributable to different lifestyles and behavioral habits between men and women. There is currently no clear evidence of whether the mutational landscapes of CM differ by sex/gender. Prognosis is justified by a complex combination of phenotypes and immune functions, while reported differences between genders in predicting the effectiveness of new treatments are inconsistent. Overall, the results emerging from the literature reveal the importance of considering the sex/gender variable in all studies and pave the way for including it towards precision medicine. CONCLUSIONS Men and women differ genetically, biologically, and by social construct. Our systematic review shows that, although fundamental, the variable sex/gender is not among the ones collected and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana D’Ecclesiis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Martinoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Camilla Gaiaschi
- GENDERS Center, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (C.V.)
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Tosti
- Division of Melanoma Surgery, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.T.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Division of Melanoma Surgery, Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.T.); (P.Q.)
| | - Camilla Veneri
- GENDERS Center, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO—European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
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7
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Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers and Parkinson's Disease-Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040587. [PMID: 33546132 PMCID: PMC7913207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers among fair-skinned people. It is estimated that 2–3 million new cases of NMSCs are diagnosed globally each year. The risk of development increases with age, just like in the case of Parkinson Disease. Due to the general aging of the population and substantially high medical costs of NMSC therapy, NMSCs and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming an increasing health problem. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the NMSC risk among patients with PD. This study is the first to focus on the effect of different epidemiologic aspects of NMSCs and PD in detail. Abstract Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma compared with the general population. Considering that Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (NMSCs) share similar risk factors with melanoma, there is a need to understand a possible connection between PD and NMSCs. The aim of the study was the evaluation of NMSC risk among PD patients via meta-analysis and systematic review. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, including studies from January 2000 to April 2020. We identified 16 eligible studies including 140291 PD patients. Upon statistical analysis, a significantly higher risk of developing NMSCs in PD patients was found compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.17–1.33; p < 0.0001). Among all NMSCs, the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma in PD patients was significantly higher (OR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.47; p < 0.0001), contrary to squamous cell carcinoma. Further analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of developing NMSCs in patients with previously diagnosed PD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19–1.33; p < 0.0001). Our data suggest the necessity for regular skin examination of PD patients, though further studies are required to explore the mechanisms forming this relationship.
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Niemann N, Billnitzer A, Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease and skin. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 82:61-76. [PMID: 33248395 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with a variety of dermatologic disorders and the study of skin may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this common neurodegenerative disorder. Skin disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease can be divided into two major groups: 1) non-iatrogenic disorders, including melanoma, seborrheic dermatitis, sweating disorders, bullous pemphigoid, and rosacea, and 2) iatrogenic disorders related either to systemic side effects of antiparkinsonian medications or to the delivery system of antiparkinsonian therapy, including primarily carbidopa/levodopa, rotigotine and other dopamine agonists, amantadine, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, subcutaneous apomorphine, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, and deep brain stimulation. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of α-synuclein in peripheral tissues, including the skin, and research based on induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin fibroblasts have made skin an important target for the study of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, drug discovery, novel stem cell therapies, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki Niemann
- Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Andrew Billnitzer
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Ejma M, Madetko N, Brzecka A, Guranski K, Alster P, Misiuk-Hojło M, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Links between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100416. [PMID: 33066407 PMCID: PMC7602272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, some neoplasms are associated with a higher risk of occurrence in PD patients. Both pathologies share some common biological pathways. Although the etiologies of PD and cancer are multifactorial, some factors associated with PD, such as α-synuclein aggregation; mutations of PINK1, PARKIN, and DJ-1; mitochondrial dysfunction; and oxidative stress can also be involved in cancer proliferation or cancer suppression. The main protein associated with PD, i.e., α-synuclein, can be involved in some types of neoplastic formations. On the other hand, however, its downregulation has been found in the other cancers. PINK1 can act as oncogenic or a tumor suppressor. PARKIN dysfunction may lead to some cancers’ growth, and its expression may be associated with some tumors’ suppression. DJ-1 mutation is involved in PD pathogenesis, but its increased expression was found in some neoplasms, such as melanoma or breast, lung, colorectal, uterine, hepatocellular, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in PD and cancer development. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible associations between PD and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszyńska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Konstanty Guranski
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Siva G. Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Street Tsyurupa 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-210-442-8625 or +1-440-263-7461
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10
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Seo J, Park M. Molecular crosstalk between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2659-2680. [PMID: 31884567 PMCID: PMC7326806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of cancers and neurodegenerative disorders is largely defined by a set of molecular determinants that are either complementarily deregulated, or share remarkably overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of both diseases. In this review, we particularly discuss our current knowledge on p53, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, Pin1 and protein phosphatase 2A, and their implications in the shared or distinct pathways that lead to cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we focus on the inter-dependent regulation of brain cancers and neurodegeneration, mediated by intercellular communication between tumor and neuronal cells in the brain through the extracellular microenvironment. Finally, we shed light on the therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of both cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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11
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Ryu HJ, Park JH, Choi M, Jung JH, Han K, Kwon DY, Kim DH, Park YG. Parkinson's disease and skin cancer risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2775-2780. [PMID: 32289877 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a significantly lower risk of cancer. Studies reporting prevalence of skin cancers in Parkinson's disease mostly involve Caucasians. OBJECTIVE A nationwide population-based study was conducted to determine the risk of skin cancer in patients diagnosed with PD in Korea. METHODS Data obtained from National Health Insurance Claims records were used to retrieve information about 70 780 patients with newly diagnosed PD between January 2010 and December 2015. The control group included 353 900 sex- and age-matched patients without PD. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we investigated the association between PD and skin cancer. RESULTS The overall hazard ratio (HR) of skin cancers in patients with PD was 1.169 (95% CI, 1.005-1.359) compared with non-PD group. Among patients with PD, males aged above 65 had a 2.8-fold increase in the risk for melanoma development than the non-PD group (HR, 2.825; 95% CI, 1.395-5.721). In addition, female PD patients aged above 65 years showed a 1.3-fold increase in non-melanoma skin cancer risk than the non-PD group (HR, 1.305; 95% 1.073-1.589). CONCLUSION Compared with the general population, Korean patients diagnosed with PD had a greater risk of skin cancer. Especially, male patients aged 65 years and above, and diagnosed with PD had a significant risk of melanoma development compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - J-H Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-Y Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - D-H Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Y-G Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Lerman S, Amichai B, Weinstein G, Shalev V, Chodick G. Parkinson's Disease, Melanoma, and Keratinocyte Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study. Neuroepidemiology 2018; 50:168-173. [PMID: 29566384 DOI: 10.1159/000487855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and melanoma is well recognized, but its relationship with non-melanoma skin cancers has not been studied in depth. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between PD, and risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). METHODS This historical cohort study used the data of 1.2 million adult members of a large health organization between 2000 and 2015. Individuals who were diagnosed with PD anytime between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively followed until 8/2016 for incidence of SCC, BCC, or melanoma identified from physician diagnoses and pathology reports. RESULTS The PD cohort included 7,727 patients (mean [SD] age = 69.9 [14.8 years]) among the 1,251,695 study population. During follow-up, a total of 4,553, 32,069, and 4,015 cases of BCC, SCC, and melanoma were identified in the study population respectively. Multivariable models revealed that older age, male sex, never smoking, and residence in southern Israel and actinic keratosis were associated with an increased risk of both BCC and SCC. PD patients in the age range 45-64 and 65-84 years at baseline had an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.40-3.18) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.21-1.91) for BCC respectively. Weak or no associations were calculated for melanoma or SCC. CONCLUSIONS We report a positive relationship between PD and risk of BCC. These results should stimulate greater awareness on the part of healthcare providers to the increased risk of BCC in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lerman
- Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Amichai
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Varda Shalev
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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13
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Santiago JA, Bottero V, Potashkin JA. Biological and Clinical Implications of Comorbidities in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:394. [PMID: 29255414 PMCID: PMC5722846 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of comorbidities has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects more than seven million people worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that chronic diseases including diabetes, depression, anemia and cancer may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that some of these comorbidities may increase the risk of PD and precede the onset of motor symptoms. Further, drugs to treat diabetes and cancer have elicited neuroprotective effects in PD models. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of these comorbidities remain elusive. Herein, we discuss the biological and clinical implications of comorbidities in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical management, with an emphasis on personalized medicine applications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Turriani E, Lázaro DF, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Giese A, Schön M, Schön MP, Griesinger C, Outeiro TF, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Becker D. Treatment with diphenyl-pyrazole compound anle138b/c reveals that α-synuclein protects melanoma cells from autophagic cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4971-E4977. [PMID: 28584093 PMCID: PMC5488931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a significantly increased risk for melanoma in people with Parkinson's disease. Because no evidence could be obtained that genetic factors are the reason for the association between these two diseases, we hypothesized that of the three major Parkinson's disease-related proteins-α-synuclein, LRRK2, and Parkin-α-synuclein might be a major link. Our data, presented here, demonstrate that α-synuclein promotes the survival of primary and metastatic melanoma cells, which is the exact opposite of the effect that α-synuclein has on dopaminergic neurons, where its accumulation causes neuronal dysfunction and death. Because this detrimental effect of α-synuclein on neurons can be rescued by the small molecule anle138b, we explored its effect on melanoma cells. We found that treatment with anle138b leads to massive melanoma cell death due to a major dysregulation of autophagy, suggesting that α-synuclein is highly beneficial to advanced melanoma because it ensures that autophagy is maintained at a homeostatic level that promotes and ensures the cell's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Turriani
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Margarete Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donna J Arndt-Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Becker
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Lees AJ, Ferreira J, Rascol O, Reichmann H, Stocchi F, Tolosa E, Poewe W. Opicapone for the management of end-of-dose motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:649-659. [PMID: 28580819 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1336086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opicapone is a third generation, highly potent and effective catechol O‑methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor that optimizes the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of L-DOPA therapy. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe the preclinical and clinical development of opicapone. In PD patients with motor fluctuations, once daily opicapone administration was well-tolerated and consistently reduced OFF-time and increased ON-time without increasing the frequency of troublesome dyskinesia, and these benefits were maintained over at least a year of continued open-label therapy. Expert commentary: With its convenient once-daily regimen, adjunct opicapone should be considered as an effective option for use in L-DOPA treated PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lees
- a Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, UCL , London , UK
| | - Joaquim Ferreira
- b Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz , Hospital de Santa Maria , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Olivier Rascol
- c Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, NS-Park/FCRIN network and NeuroToul COEN Center , INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital and Toulouse3 University , Toulouse , France
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- d Department of Neurology , Technische Universitaet Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- e Institute of Neurology , IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome , Italy
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- f Neurology Service, Centro de Investigación Biomódica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Werner Poewe
- g Department of Neurology , Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria
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16
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Planken A, Kurvits L, Reimann E, Kadastik-Eerme L, Kingo K, Kõks S, Taba P. Looking beyond the brain to improve the pathogenic understanding of Parkinson's disease: implications of whole transcriptome profiling of Patients' skin. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28068941 PMCID: PMC5223462 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by symptoms of motor impairment, resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, however non-neuronal symptoms are also common. Although great advances have been made in the pathogenic understanding of Parkinson's Disease in the nervous system, little is known about the molecular alterations occurring in other non-neuronal organ systems. In addition, a higher rate of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer has been observed in the Parkinson's Disease population, indicating crosstalk between these diseases. METHODS To understand the molecular pathogenesis and gene expression alterations of Parkinson's Disease in peripheral tissues, and in order to explore the possible link between skin cancer and neurodegeneration, whole transcriptomic profiling of patients' skin was performed. Skin biopsies from 12 patients and matched controls were collected, and processed with high-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis. RESULTS This analysis resulted in a large collection of over 1000 differentially expressed genes, among which clear biological and functional networks could be distinguished. The central functional processes altered in patients skin can be grouped into six broad categories: impaired cellular metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, defective protein metabolism, disturbed skin homeostasis, dysfunctional nuclear processes, altered signalling and tumour pathways, as well as disordered immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the molecular alterations leading to neurodegeneration in the CNS are systemic and manifest also in peripheral tissues, thereby indicating the presence of "skin-brain" crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease. In addition, the extensive homeostatic imbalance and basal stress can lead to increased susceptibility to external and internal mutagenic hazards in these patients, and thus provide a possible molecular link for the crosstalk between skin cancer and Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Planken
- North-Estonian Medical Centre, Sütiste Rd.19, Tallinn, 13419, Estonia.
| | - Lille Kurvits
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Kadastik-Eerme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Santos García D, Suárez Castro E, Expósito I, de Deus T, Tuñas C, Aneiros A, López Fernández M, Núñez Arias D, Bermúdez Torres M. Comorbid conditions associated with Parkinson's disease: A longitudinal and comparative study with Alzheimer disease and control subjects. J Neurol Sci 2016; 373:210-215. [PMID: 28131190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To study what comorbid conditions were present at baseline and 3years later in a cohort of Spanish Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, to compare comorbidity with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control groups and to analyze the role of comorbidity as predictor of mortality. METHODS One hundred and forty-seven non-demented PD patients (57.1% males; 70.9±8.6years old) were included in this 36months follow-up (2012-2015), monocenter, evaluation study. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), Charlson Index (CI), Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure (ECM) were used to assess comorbidity at baseline and at 3years. Forty-four AD patients and 44 control subjects were included as comparator groups. RESULTS Total number of comorbidities (ICD-10) and polypharmacy at baseline were higher in PD and AD patients than controls (4.4±2.3 vs 5.2±2.4 vs 3.4±1.9 [p=0.001] and 81.6% vs 75% vs 56.8% [p=0.003], respectively). Diseases of the circulatory system (ICD-10/chapter-IX) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (ICD-10/chapter-IV) were the most frequent in all groups. There was a significant increase in comorbidity (mean, +1.6±2.8) in all groups (p<0.0001) without differences between them. Seventeen patients died and 8 cases were did not follow-up. Comorbidity was a predictor of death in PD patients after adjust for other covariates (including age, sex, disease duration, disease stage, motor status and non-motor symptoms): ICD-10 (total number of comorbidities), hazard ratio 1.285 (95% confidence interval, 1.047-1.577; p=0.017); CI, hazard ratio 1.462 (95% confidence interval, 1.045-2.047; p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Comorbidity is frequent in PD patients, increases significantly over time and predicts mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santos García
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - E Suárez Castro
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - I Expósito
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - T de Deus
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - C Tuñas
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A Aneiros
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M López Fernández
- Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - D Núñez Arias
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital Naval, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Bermúdez Torres
- Department of Family Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Life-threatening and benign drug reactions occur frequently in the skin, affecting 8 % of the general population and 2-3 % of all hospitalized patients, emphasizing the need for physicians to effectively recognize and manage patients with drug-induced eruptions. Neurologic medications represent a vast array of drug classes with cutaneous side effects. Approximately 7 % of the United States (US) adult population is affected by adult-onset neurological disorders, reflecting a large number of patients on neurologic drug therapies. This review elucidates the cutaneous reactions associated with medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the following neurologic pathologies: Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, Huntington disease, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and pseudobulbar affect. A search of the literature was performed using the specific FDA-approved drug or drug classes in combination with the terms 'dermatologic,' 'cutaneous,' 'skin,' or 'rash.' Both PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were utilized, with side effects ranging from those cited in randomized controlled trials to case reports. It behooves neurologists, dermatologists, and primary care physicians to be aware of the recorded cutaneous adverse reactions and their severity for proper management and potential need to withdraw the offending medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph S Kass
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St., 9th Floor, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Pinter B, Diem-Zangerl A, Wenning GK, Scherfler C, Oberaigner W, Seppi K, Poewe W. Mortality in Parkinson's disease: a 38-year follow-up study. Mov Disord 2014; 30:266-9. [PMID: 25447933 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we report on the outcome including overall and cause-specific mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients subsequent to 38 years of surveillance. This is an extension study of our previous report on mortality. METHODS Two hundred thirty-seven patients with a symptom onset between 1974 and 1984 were followed until the date of December 31, 2012 or death, representing a follow-up period of up to 38 years. Overall and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, and predictors for survival at disease onset were estimated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Two hundred thirty patients had died by December 31, 2012; a total of 3,489 person-years were available for observation. The SMR at 38 years of follow-up was 2.02 (1.76-2.29). Employing Cox's proportional hazard modeling, male sex, gait disorder, absence of classical rest tremor, and absence of asymmetry predicted poor survival in this cohort. Increased cause-specific SMRs were found for pneumonia and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
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21
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Santiago JA, Potashkin JA. A network approach to clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:694-703. [PMID: 25455073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Network biology has become a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms triggering neurodegeneration. Recent developments in network biology have led to the discovery of disease-causing genes, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Network-based approaches have provided the molecular rationale for the relationship among cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, and have uncovered unexpected links between apparently unrelated diseases. Here, we summarize the recent advances in network biology to untangle the molecular underpinnings giving rise to the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that network analysis provides a feasible and practical tool for identifying biologically meaningful biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA.
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22
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Stoyanov A, Pamphlett R. Is the risk of motor neuron disease increased or decreased after cancer? An Australian case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103572. [PMID: 25058637 PMCID: PMC4110050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer appears to be inversely associated with both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The relationship between cancer and sporadic motor neuron disease (SMND), however, remains uncertain. Most previous cancer-SMND studies have been undertaken in northern hemisphere populations. We therefore undertook a case-control study to see if a link between cancer and SMND exists in an Australian population. A questionnaire was used to compare past cancer diagnoses in 739 SMND patients and 622 controls, recruited across Australia. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to look for associations between cancer and SMND. A history of cancer was not associated either positively or negatively with a risk of subsequent SMND. This result remained when age, gender, smoking status, and the four SMND diagnostic subgroups were taken into account. No association was observed between SMND and specific tumours, including melanoma, a common malignancy in Australia. In conclusion, this Australian case-control study does not support an association between a past history of cancer and the development of SMND. This suggests that some pathogenetic mechanisms, such as apoptosis, are less relevant in SMND than in other neurodegenerative diseases where negative associations with cancer have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stoyanov
- The Stacey Motor Neuron Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- The Stacey Motor Neuron Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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23
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Faulkner MA. Safety overview of FDA-approved medications for the treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 13:1055-69. [PMID: 24962891 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2014.931369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most common of the neurodegenerative disorders. Treatment is primarily focused on correcting neurotransmitter imbalances. Several classes of medication are available for this purpose. AREAS COVERED A Medline search was performed to gather information about the safety of the medications approved for the treatment of the motor symptoms of PD. This was supplemented with additional articles obtained from online sources and information provided by the FDA and the manufacturers. The focus of this review is the side-effect and safety profiles of carbidopa/levodopa, dopamine agonists, selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors, catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors, anticholinergics and amantadine. EXPERT OPINION Though serious side-effects may occur, as a group, the medications used for the treatment of PD motor symptoms tend to produce side-effects that are mild to moderate in nature, and that primarily reflect the focus on dopaminergic therapies. Care plans for Parkinson's patients should be approached based on the needs of the individual as disease presentation, lifestyle, level of disability, concurrent disease states and the presence of non-motor symptoms make each case unique. Patients and caregivers must have realistic expectations about the use of PD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Faulkner
- Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions and School of Medicine , 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 , USA +1 402 280 3145 ;
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24
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Ibáñez K, Boullosa C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Baudot A, Valencia A. Molecular evidence for the inverse comorbidity between central nervous system disorders and cancers detected by transcriptomic meta-analyses. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004173. [PMID: 24586201 PMCID: PMC3930576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence that patients with certain Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders have a lower than expected probability of developing some types of Cancer. We tested here the hypothesis that this inverse comorbidity is driven by molecular processes common to CNS disorders and Cancers, and that are deregulated in opposite directions. We conducted transcriptomic meta-analyses of three CNS disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia) and three Cancer types (Lung, Prostate, Colorectal) previously described with inverse comorbidities. A significant overlap was observed between the genes upregulated in CNS disorders and downregulated in Cancers, as well as between the genes downregulated in CNS disorders and upregulated in Cancers. We also observed expression deregulations in opposite directions at the level of pathways. Our analysis points to specific genes and pathways, the upregulation of which could increase the incidence of CNS disorders and simultaneously lower the risk of developing Cancer, while the downregulation of another set of genes and pathways could contribute to a decrease in the incidence of CNS disorders while increasing the Cancer risk. These results reinforce the previously proposed involvement of the PIN1 gene, Wnt and P53 pathways, and reveal potential new candidates, in particular related with protein degradation processes. A lower-than-expected probability of developing certain types of Cancer has been observed in patients with CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Schizophrenia. Understanding such a protective effect could be the key to finding novel treatments for both types of conditions, for instance thanks to drug repurposing. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms for these intriguing inverse comorbidities. Although environmental causes, drug treatments or lower screening surveys might contribute to the inverse comorbidity between complex disorders, we propose that inverse comorbidity is, at least in part, due to genetic factors. We observe here that a common set of genes and biological processes are deregulated in opposite directions in CNS disorders and Cancers, i.e. upregulated in CNS disorders and downregulated in Cancers, or vice versa. We propose the alluring hypothesis that the deregulation of these genes and processes could promote CNS disorders and simultaneously lower the initiation or progression of Cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ibáñez
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Boullosa
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, I2M, UMR 7373, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (AB); (AV)
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AB); (AV)
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Dong J, Gao J, Nalls M, Gao X, Huang X, Han J, Singleton AB, Chen H. Susceptibility loci for pigmentation and melanoma in relation to Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1512.e5-1512.e10. [PMID: 24439955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a lower risk for most types of cancer except for melanoma, which has a modest positive association with PD. Pigmentation genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this association. We therefore examined whether genetic susceptibility loci for pigmentation or melanoma was associated with PD risk in 2 large independent datasets. In the Parkinson's Genes and Environment (PAGE) study, we examined 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of pigmentation or melanoma in relation to PD among 808 PD cases and 1623 controls; furthermore, we also examined the colors of hair, eye, or skin and melanoma in relation to PD. In the International Parkinson's Disease Genomic Consortium (IPDGC), we examined a broader selection of 360 pigmentation or melanoma GWAS SNPs in relation to PD among 5,333 PD cases and 12,019 controls. All participants were non-Hispanic Whites. As expected, in the PAGE study, most SNPs were associated with 1 or more pigmentation phenotypes. However, neither these SNPs nor pigmentation phenotypes were associated with PD risk after Bonferroni correction with the exception of rs4911414 at the ASIP gene (p = .001). A total of 18 PD cases (2.2%) and 26 controls (1.6%) had a diagnosis of melanoma with an odds ratio of 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-2.4). In the IPDGC analysis, none of the 360 SNPs, including rs4911414, were associated with PD risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, we did not find significant associations between GWAS SNPs of pigmentation or melanoma and the risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Dr. Gao is currently at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Dr. Gao is currently at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiang Gao
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Honglei Chen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Dr. Gao is currently at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Pan T, Zhu J, Hwu WJ, Jankovic J. The role of alpha-synuclein in melanin synthesis in melanoma and dopaminergic neuronal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45183. [PMID: 23028833 PMCID: PMC3446957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively high co-occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and melanoma has been established by a large number of epidemiological studies. However, a clear biological explanation for this finding is still lacking. Ultra-violet radiation (UVR)-induced skin melanin synthesis is a defense mechanism against UVR-induced damage relevant to the initiation of melanoma, whereas, increased neuromelanin (NM), the melanin synthesized in dopaminergic neurons, may enhance the susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury relevant to PD. SNCA is a PD-causing gene coding for alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) that expresses not only in brain, but also in skin as well as in tumors, such as melanoma. The findings that α-Syn can interact with tyrosinase (TYR) and inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), both of which are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of melanin and dopamine (DA), led us to propose that α-Syn may participate in the regulation of melanin synthesis. In this study, by applying ultraviolet B (UVB) light, a physiologically relevant stimulus of melanogenesis, we detected melanin synthesis in A375 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells and in SH-SY5Y and PC12 dopaminergic neuronal cells and determined effects of α-Syn on melanin synthesis. Our results showed that UVB light exposure increased melanin synthesis in all 4 cell lines. However, we found that α-Syn expression reduced UVB light-induced increase of melanin synthesis and that melanin content was lower when melanoma cells were expressed with α-Syn, indicating that α-Syn may have inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis in melanoma cells. Different from melanoma cells, the melanin content was higher in α-Syn-over-expressed dopaminergic neuronal SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, cellular models of PD, than that in non-α-Syn-expressed control cells. We concluded that α-Syn could be one of the points responsible for the positive association between PD and melanoma via its differential roles in melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and in dopaminergic neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Pan
- Neurology Department, Parkinson Disease Research Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Abedi V, Zand R, Yeasin M, Faisal FE. An automated framework for hypotheses generation using literature. BioData Min 2012; 5:13. [PMID: 22931688 PMCID: PMC3497588 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In bio-medicine, exploratory studies and hypothesis generation often begin with researching existing literature to identify a set of factors and their association with diseases, phenotypes, or biological processes. Many scientists are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of literature on a disease when they plan to generate a new hypothesis or study a biological phenomenon. The situation is even worse for junior investigators who often find it difficult to formulate new hypotheses or, more importantly, corroborate if their hypothesis is consistent with existing literature. It is a daunting task to be abreast with so much being published and also remember all combinations of direct and indirect associations. Fortunately there is a growing trend of using literature mining and knowledge discovery tools in biomedical research. However, there is still a large gap between the huge amount of effort and resources invested in disease research and the little effort in harvesting the published knowledge. The proposed hypothesis generation framework (HGF) finds “crisp semantic associations” among entities of interest - that is a step towards bridging such gaps. Methodology The proposed HGF shares similar end goals like the SWAN but are more holistic in nature and was designed and implemented using scalable and efficient computational models of disease-disease interaction. The integration of mapping ontologies with latent semantic analysis is critical in capturing domain specific direct and indirect “crisp” associations, and making assertions about entities (such as disease X is associated with a set of factors Z). Results Pilot studies were performed using two diseases. A comparative analysis of the computed “associations” and “assertions” with curated expert knowledge was performed to validate the results. It was observed that the HGF is able to capture “crisp” direct and indirect associations, and provide knowledge discovery on demand. Conclusions The proposed framework is fast, efficient, and robust in generating new hypotheses to identify factors associated with a disease. A full integrated Web service application is being developed for wide dissemination of the HGF. A large-scale study by the domain experts and associated researchers is underway to validate the associations and assertions computed by the HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Abedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memphis University, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
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Meier-Davis SR, Dines K, Arjmand FM, Hamlin R, Huang B, Wen J, Christianson C, Shudo J, Nagata T. Comparison of oral and transdermal administration of rasagiline mesylate on human melanoma tumor growthin vivo. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012; 31:312-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2012.676119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu DZ, Ander BP. Cell cycle inhibition without disruption of neurogenesis is a strategy for treatment of aberrant cell cycle diseases: an update. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:491737. [PMID: 22547985 PMCID: PMC3323905 DOI: 10.1100/2012/491737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since publishing our earlier report describing a strategy for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases by inhibiting the cell cycle and without disrupting neurogenesis (Liu et al. 2010), we now update and extend this strategy to applications in the treatment of cancers as well. Here, we put forth the concept of "aberrant cell cycle diseases" to include both cancer and CNS diseases, the two unrelated disease types on the surface, by focusing on a common mechanism in each aberrant cell cycle reentry. In this paper, we also summarize the pharmacological approaches that interfere with classical cell cycle molecules and mitogenic pathways to block the cell cycle of tumor cells (in treatment of cancer) as well as to block the cell cycle of neurons (in treatment of CNS diseases). Since cell cycle inhibition can also block proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and thus impair brain neurogenesis leading to cognitive deficits, we propose that future strategies aimed at cell cycle inhibition in treatment of aberrant cell cycle diseases (i.e., cancers or CNS diseases) should be designed with consideration of the important side effects on normal neurogenesis and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, Ravina B, Seppi K, Coelho M, Poewe W, Rascol O, Goetz CG, Sampaio C. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 26 Suppl 3:S2-41. [PMID: 22021173 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to update previous evidence-based medicine reviews of treatments for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease published between 2002 and 2005. Level I (randomized, controlled trial) reports of pharmacological, surgical, and nonpharmacological interventions for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease between January 2004 (2001 for nonpharmacological) and December 2010 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion, clinical indications, ranking, efficacy conclusions, safety, and implications for clinical practice followed the original program outline and adhered to evidence-based medicine methodology. Sixty-eight new studies qualified for review. Piribedil, pramipexole, pramipexole extended release, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, and pergolide were all efficacious as symptomatic monotherapy; ropinirole prolonged release was likely efficacious. All were efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct except pramipexole extended release, for which there is insufficient evidence. For prevention/delay of motor fluctuations, pramipexole and cabergoline were efficacious, and for prevention/delay of dyskinesia, pramipexole, ropinirole, ropinirole prolonged release, and cabergoline were all efficacious, whereas pergolide was likely efficacious. Duodenal infusion of levodopa was likely efficacious in the treatment of motor complications, but the practice implication is investigational. Entacapone was nonefficacious as a symptomatic adjunct to levodopa in nonfluctuating patients and nonefficacious in the prevention/delay of motor complications. Rasagiline conclusions were revised to efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct, and as treatment for motor fluctuations. Clozapine was efficacious in dyskinesia, but because of safety issues, the practice implication is possibly useful. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, bilateral globus pallidus stimulation, and unilateral pallidotomy were updated to efficacious for motor complications. Physical therapy was revised to likely efficacious as symptomatic adjunct therapy. This evidence-based medicine review updates the field and highlights gaps for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Fox
- Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sun LM, Liang JA, Chang SN, Sung FC, Muo CH, Kao CH. Analysis of Parkinson's disease and subsequent cancer risk in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Neuroepidemiology 2011; 37:114-9. [PMID: 21986194 DOI: 10.1159/000331489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are suggested to be at a lower risk for the development of certain cancers and at a higher risk for melanoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between PD and malignancy in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the data of the National Health Insurance System of Taiwan to assess this issue. The PD cohort contained 4,957 patients, and each patient was randomly frequency matched by age and sex with 4 people from the general population without PD. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of PD on the cancer risk. RESULTS In patients with PD, the risk of developing overall cancer was marginally significantly lower than in subjects without PD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.78-0.99]. For individual cancers, the risks of developing colorectal and lung cancers among patients with PD were marginally significantly lower than in subjects without PD. In contrast, despite the higher HR for the development of melanoma, it did not reach statistical significance because of the relatively small sample size. CONCLUSION Our study found that Taiwanese patients with PD have a lower risk of developing colorectal and lung cancers. The findings of this study are compatible with those of prior studies from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu R, Gao X, Lu Y, Chen H. Meta-analysis of the relationship between Parkinson disease and melanoma. Neurology 2011; 76:2002-9. [PMID: 21646627 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31821e554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the epidemiologic evidence on melanoma in relation to Parkinson disease (PD) via systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Epidemiologic studies on melanoma and PD were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Scoups, and Embase (1965 through June 2010). Eligible studies were those that reported risk estimates of melanoma among patients with PD or vice versa. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS We identified 12 eligible publications on melanoma and PD: 8 had fewer than 10 cases with both PD and melanoma, and 7 provided gender-specific results. The pooled OR was 2.11 (95% CI 1.26-3.54) overall, 2.04 (1.55-2.69) for men, and 1.52 (0.85-2.75) for women. Analyses by temporal relationship found that melanoma occurrence was significantly higher after the diagnosis of PD (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.49-8.77), but not before PD diagnosis (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.62-1.84). Further analyses revealed that the lack of significance in the latter analysis was due to one study, which when excluded resulted in a significant association (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96). We also analyzed nonmelanoma skin cancers in relation to PD and found no significant relationship (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94-1.30). CONCLUSIONS Collective epidemiologic evidence supports an association of PD with melanoma. Further research is needed to examine the nature and mechanisms of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 19:138-41. [PMID: 21637039 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e328345326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Dumont N, Baudot A, Valderas JM, Climent J, Valencia A, Crespo-Facorro B, Vieta E, Gómez-Beneyto M, Martínez S, Rubenstein JL. No paradox, no progress: inverse cancer comorbidity in people with other complex diseases. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12:604-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Perez-Lloret S, Rascol O. Safety of rasagiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 10:633-43. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2011.573784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:293-304. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e328340e983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The yin and yang of VEGF and PEDF: multifaceted neurotrophic factors and their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2875-900. [PMID: 21152280 PMCID: PMC2996745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11082875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) have emerged as multifaceted players in not only the pathogenesis, but potential treatment, of numerous diseases. They activate diverse intracellular signaling cascades known to have extensive crosstalk, and have been best studied for their effects in cardiology and cancer biology. Recent work with the two factors indicates that the activity of one growth factor is often directly related to the action of the other. Their respective neuroprotective effects, in particular, raise important questions regarding the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
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