1
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Braida D, Ponzoni L, Dellarole I, Morara S, Sala M. Fluoxetine rescues the depressive-like behaviour induced by reserpine and the altered emotional behaviour induced by nicotine withdrawal in zebrafish: Involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1132-1148. [PMID: 37593958 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine cessation leads to anxiety and depression. AIMS The suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using reserpine and fluoxetine was evaluated. Fluoxetine was also used to reduce nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state. METHODS Zebrafish were exposed to reserpine (40 mg/l) and then to fluoxetine (0.1 mg/l) for 1 week. Anhedonia was evaluated in the Novel Tank Diving and Compartment Preference tests. Another group was exposed to nicotine (1 mg/l/2 weeks) and then exposed to fluoxetine. Anxiety and anhedonia were evaluated 2-60 days after. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and microglial morphology (labelled by 4C4 monoclonal antibody) in the parvocellular pretectal nucleus (PPN), dorsal part, and of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hypothalamus were also analysed. RESULTS Less time in the top and increased latency to the top in reserpine compared to a drug-free group was found. Fluoxetine rescued reserpine-induced the reduced time in the top. Seven and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal more time in the bottom and similar time in the Compartment Preference test, rescued by fluoxetine, were shown. In the PPN, 30-day withdrawal induced an increase in TH immunoreactivity, but fluoxetine induced a further significant increase. No changes in PPN microglia morphology and hypothalamic CGRP were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validate the suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using the reserpine-induced depression-like behaviour and the predictivity using fluoxetine. Fluoxetine rescued nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state, opening the possibility to screen new drugs to alleviate anxiety and depression in smokers during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Chen Y, Ye X, Escames G, Lei W, Zhang X, Li M, Jing T, Yao Y, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Yang Y. The NLRP3 inflammasome: contributions to inflammation-related diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:51. [PMID: 37370025 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that regulates innate immune responses by activating caspase-1 and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of immune and inflammation-related diseases, including arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. This review first explains the activation and regulatory mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Secondly, we focus on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various inflammation-related diseases. Finally, we look forward to new methods for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat inflammation-related diseases, and provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Germaine Escames
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain
- Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain
- UGC of Clinical Laboratories, University San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Tong Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenye Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain.
- Ibs. Granada and CIBERfes, Granada, Spain.
- UGC of Clinical Laboratories, University San Cecilio's Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Accinni T, Fanella M, Frascarelli M, Buzzanca A, Kotzalidis GD, Putotto C, Marino B, Panzera A, Moschillo A, Pasquini M, Biondi M, Di Bonaventura C, Di Fabio F. The Relationship between Motor Symptoms, Signs, and Parkinsonism with Facial Emotion Recognition Deficits in Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome at High Genetic Risk for Psychosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8546610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background. The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic condition at high risk of developing both psychosis and motor disorders. Social Cognition (SC) deficits have been associated not only with schizophrenia but also with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present study assessed SC deficits in 22q11.2DS and investigated the interaction between motor symptoms and deficits in Facial Emotion Expressions (FEE) recognition and in Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks in people with 22q11.2DS. Methods. We recruited 38 individuals with 22q11.2DS without psychosis (
, DEL) and 18 with 22q11.2DS and psychosis (
, DEL_SCZ). The Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Ekman’s 60 Faces Test (EK-60F), the Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT EmRec), and the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) were administered. Correlations were sought between UPDRS III and both TASIT EmRec and EK-60F scores. Analyses were conducted separately for each psychopathological subgroup. Results. Higher UPDRS III (
) and lower EK-60F (
) scores were observed in the DEL_SCZ group. We found inverse correlations between UPDRS III and both TASIT EmRec (
,
) and EK-60F (
,
) scores in the whole sample. Correlations were no longer significant in the DEL_SCZ group (UPDRS III-TASIT EmRec
; UPDRS III-EK60F
) whilst being stronger in the DEL group (TASIT EmRec,
,
; EK60F,
,
). Analyses were adjusted for CPZ Eq and IQ. Conclusions. A modulation between FEE recognition deficits and motor symptoms and signs was observed in the 22q11.2DS group, likely affecting patients’ quality of life.
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4
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Wang Z, You Z. Impacts of motor phenotype on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 1 year after subthalamic-nucleus deep brain stimulation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:85-90. [PMID: 36641801 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects both motor and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to examine the impact of motor phenotype on cognitive function 1 year after subthalamic-nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). METHODS The prospectively collected data of 37 patients with PD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two group according to their motor phenotype: the postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD) group comprised 16 patients, and the tremor-dominant (TD) group comprised 21 patients. The clinical characteristics and cognitive functions of all patients were examined at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up after STN-DBS. RESULTS The data showed that STN-DBS significantly improved motor functions (P < 0.05). A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a considerable group × time interaction impact on the memory quotient score (P < 0.001) and Tmin (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS A distinct relationship between the neuropsychological spectrum and motor phenotype of PD patients was observed at the 1-year follow-up after STN-DBS, with worse cognitive outcomes in patients with the PIGD phenotype. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 85-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - ZhiFei You
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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5
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Nwogo RO, Kammermeier S, Singh A. Abnormal neural oscillations during gait and dual-task in Parkinson’s disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:995375. [PMID: 36185822 PMCID: PMC9522469 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.995375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait dysfunctions are debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may result in frequent falling with health complications. The contribution of the motor-cognitive network to gait disturbance can be studied more thoroughly by challenging motor-cognitive dual-task gait performances. Gait is a complex motor task that requires an appropriate contribution from motor and cognitive networks, reflected in frequency modulations among several cortical and subcortical networks. Electrophysiological recordings by scalp electroencephalography and implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have unveiled modulations of specific oscillatory patterns in the cortical-subcortical circuits in PD. In this review, we summarize oscillatory contributions of the cortical, basal ganglia, mesencephalic locomotor, and cerebellar regions during gait and dual-task activities in PD. We detail the involvement of the cognitive network in dual-task settings and compare how abnormal oscillations in the specific frequency bands in the cortical and subcortical regions correlate with gait deficits in PD, particularly freezing of gait (FOG). We suggest that altered neural oscillations in different frequencies can cause derangements in broader brain networks, so neuromodulation and pharmacological therapies should be considered to normalize those network oscillations to improve challenged gait and dual-task motor functions in PD. Specifically, the theta and beta bands in premotor cortical areas, subthalamic nucleus, as well as alpha band activity in the brainstem prepontine nucleus, modulate under clinically effective levodopa and DBS therapies, improving gait and dual-task performance in PD with FOG, compared to PD without FOG and age-matched healthy control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O. Nwogo
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Arun Singh,
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6
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Tang V, Zhu XL, Lau C, Chan A, Ma K, Yeung J, Cheung T, Abrigo J, Chan DYC, Chan D, Mok V, Poon WS. Pre-operative cognitive burden as predictor of motor outcome following bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6803-6811. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Soh EML, Neo S, Saffari SE, Wong ASY, Ganesan G, Li W, Ng HL, Xu Z, Tay KY, Au WL, Tan KB, Tan LCS. Longitudinal Healthcare Utilization and Costs in Parkinson's Disease: Pre-Diagnosis to 9 Years After. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:957-966. [PMID: 34974439 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently insufficient long-term data on costs of treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which is chronic and progressive, and associated with substantial healthcare costs. Identifying patterns in healthcare utilization and cost may illuminate further discussion on early intervention. OBJECTIVE To characterize long-term healthcare utilization and costs of PD in newly diagnosed patients managed by movement disorder specialists. METHODS Using a longitudinal matched-cohort study of linked data from the National Neuroscience Institute Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorder and healthcare administrative databases in Singapore from 2008-2017, we compared healthcare utilization and costs between patients and controls matched on age, sex, race, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. RESULTS 1,162 patients met study inclusion criteria and 1,157 matched controls were identified. The total mean annual healthcare cost (at 2017 costs) was significantly increased in patients compared to controls from years 1-9 post-diagnosis. The increased cost was observed 2 years before diagnosis (USD2322 vs. 2052; p < 0.001). Mean annual cost attributable to PD increased from USD1854 at 1-year post-diagnosis to USD2652 at 9 years. Over 9 years, average costs were significantly higher across all domains of healthcare utilization except primary care-cost of intermediate and long-term care was increased by a factor of 2.5, specialist care by 2.3, emergency department visits by 1.6, and hospital admissions by 1.3. CONCLUSION PD results in higher healthcare utilization and costs. Pre-diagnosis increase in healthcare utilization observed in patients supports the presence of prodromal PD symptoms and may present an opportunity for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shermyn Neo
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Aidan Sheng Yong Wong
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Ganga Ganesan
- Policy Research and Evaluation Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Wei Li
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Hwee Lan Ng
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Xu
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Kay Yaw Tay
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Wing Lok Au
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- Policy Research and Evaluation Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Chew Seng Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Singapore
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8
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Johansson ME, Cameron IGM, van der Kolk NM, De Vries NM, Klimars E, Toni I, Bloem BR, Helmich RC. Aerobic exercise alters brain function and structure in Parkinson's disease a randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:203-216. [PMID: 34951063 PMCID: PMC9306840 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Randomized clinical trials have shown that aerobic exercise attenuates motor symptom progression in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated how aerobic exercise influences disease‐related functional and structural changes in the corticostriatal sensorimotor network, which is involved in the emergence of motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we explored effects of aerobic exercise on tissue integrity of the substantia nigra, and on behavioral and cerebral indices of cognitive control. Methods The Park‐in‐Shape trial is a single‐center, double‐blind randomized controlled trial in 130 Parkinson's disease patients who were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to aerobic exercise (stationary home trainer) or stretching (active control) interventions (duration = 6 months). An unselected subset from this trial (exercise, n = 25; stretching, n = 31) underwent resting‐state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an oculomotor cognitive control task (pro‐ and antisaccades), at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Results Aerobic exercise, but not stretching, led to increased functional connectivity of the anterior putamen with the sensorimotor cortex relative to the posterior putamen. Behaviorally, aerobic exercise also improved cognitive control. Furthermore, aerobic exercise increased functional connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, proportionally to fitness improvements, and it reduced global brain atrophy. Interpretation MRI, clinical, and behavioral results converge toward the conclusion that aerobic exercise stabilizes disease progression in the corticostriatal sensorimotor network and enhances cognitive performance. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:203–216
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I G M Cameron
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,University of Twente, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Enschede, The Netherlands.,OnePlanet Research Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N M van der Kolk
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N M De Vries
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Klimars
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Toni
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R C Helmich
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Pan C, Li Y, Ren J, Li L, Huang P, Xu P, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang MM, Chen J, Liu W. Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in prodromal Parkinson's disease: A community-based study in China. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:259-268. [PMID: 34821045 PMCID: PMC8739042 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) has published research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD), which includes cognitive impairment as a prodromal marker. However, the clinical features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in pPD remain unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency and clinical features of mild cognitive impairment of pPD in the elderly in China. Methods The cross‐sectional community‐based study recruited 2688 participants aged ≥50 years. Subjects were diagnosed with pPD according to the MDS criteria. Overall, 39 pPD and 22 healthy controls underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment. MCI was also diagnosed by the MDS criteria. Next, we investigated the relationship between clinical factors and cognition. Results Among the 2,663 dementia‐free and Parkinson disease (PD)‐free participants, 55 met the criteria for pPD (2.1%) and 23 pPD met the criteria for MCI. Memory, attention/working memory, and executive function were the most frequent impaired domains, and amnestic MCI multidomain phenotype was the most frequent MCI subtype (69.57%) in pPD. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that the global cognitive performance was negatively related to UPDRS‐III score (r = −0.456, p = 0.004). Conclusion MCI, specifically impairment in memory, attention/working memory, and executive domain, is present at the prodromal stage of PD. In addition, cognitive performance is correlated with motor symptoms in pPD. Our results reflect that cognitive profile, combined with motor symptoms, can help clinicians to identify individuals with pPD early, as those would be the optimal candidates for neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingru Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Monteleone P, Cascino G, Monteleone AM, Rocca P, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Aguglia E, Amore M, Collantoni E, Corrivetti G, Cuomo A, Bellomo A, D'Ambrosio E, Dell'Osso L, Frascarelli M, Giordano GM, Giuliani L, Marchesi C, Montemagni C, Oldani L, Pinna F, Pompili M, Roncone R, Rossi R, Siracusano A, Vita A, Zeppegno P, Galderisi S, Maj M. Prevalence of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and their association with neurocognition and social cognition in outpatients with schizophrenia in the "real-life". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110250. [PMID: 33484755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
First generation antipsychotics (FGAs) are more likely to induce extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) than second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), and EPS have been shown associated to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. So far, no study has explored the relationships between EPS and social cognition (SC) in people with schizophrenia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of EPS in a large sample of drug-treated community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia and explored their relationships with patients' neurocognitive and SC abilities. 875 patients underwent EPS, psychopathological, neurocognitive and SC assessments by means of standardized measures. Relationships between EPS, psychopathology and neurocognitive and SC measures were investigated by correlation tests. Moreover, a partial correlation network was computed by means of a network analysis. 256 patients were treated with FGAs alone or in combination with SGA and 619 with SGAs. EPS were significantly more frequent in FGA-treated group than in the SGA-treated one. Patients with EPS disclosed a more severe psychopathology and were more impaired in neurocognitive and SC measures compared to those without EPS. Disorganization, expressive deficit, and duration of illness were significantly associated to both neurocognitive and SC measures while EPS were associated to neurocognitive measures only. The network analysis showed that parkinsonism was the sole EPS directly connected to both psychopathological and neurocognitive indices whereas no direct connection emerged between EPS and SC measures. Present findings confirm that EPS are still present in the era of SGAs and contribute, together with other clinical variables, to the neurocognitive but not to the SC impairment of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" Section of Neuroscience, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" Section of Neuroscience, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessio Maria Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" Section of Neuroscience, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Collantoni
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" Section of Neuroscience, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Department of Mental Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Frascarelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucio Oldani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
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11
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Andrade SMMDS, Férrer MLV, Silva OAPD, Salvador MLS, Smaili S, Lindquist ARR. Can Task Specificity Impact tDCS-Linked to Dual Task Training Gains in Parkinson's Disease? A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:684689. [PMID: 34276344 PMCID: PMC8281034 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.684689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties while performing dual-task activities, a condition present in everyday life. It is possible that strategies such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can be associated with motor training enriched with dual-task training to improve the performance of two concurrent tasks. Currently, it is unclear whether specific tasks and clinical conditions of PD patients have different results after the intervention. Therefore, the proposed randomized controlled trial will examine task-dependency in enhancing the effects of tDCS-linked rehabilitation training on PD and the relationships between baseline outcomes in responders and non-responders to therapy. Fifty-six patients with Parkinson's disease will be recruited to participate in this controlled, double-blind randomized multicentric clinical trial. Patients in modified Hoehn & Yahr stage 1.5-3, age between 40 and 70 years will be included. Subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The EG will perform treadmill gait training associated with dual task exercises+tDCS, while the CG will only engage in treadmill gait training+tDCS. Blinded testers will assess patients before and after 12 intervention sessions and after a 4-week follow-up period. All patients will undergo a screening and an initial visit before being assessed for primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome measure is functional mobility measured by Timed Up and Go Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, participation, motor function and body function and structure. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention protocol with tDCS, dual-task training and gait training in patients with PD. The study will also highlight the clinical factors and variability between individuals that could interfere in the training of a specific task and influence the therapeutic effect. Clinical Trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04581590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Costa-Ribeiro
- NeuroMove Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Mayane Laís Veloso Férrer
- NeuroMove Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ozair Argentille Pereira Da Silva
- Laboratory of Intervention and Analysis of Movement, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maiara Llarena Silva Salvador
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Suhaila Smaili
- Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Rodrigues Lindquist
- Laboratory of Intervention and Analysis of Movement, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal, Brazil
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12
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Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee HS, Lee YH, Baik K, Jung JH, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Baseline cognitive profile is closely associated with long-term motor prognosis in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2021; 268:4203-4212. [PMID: 33942161 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between cognitive function at baseline and the progression of motor disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We consecutively enrolled 257 drug-naïve patients with early-stage PD (follow-up > 2 years) who underwent a detailed neuropsychological test at initial assessment. Factor analysis was conducted to yield four cognitive function factors and composite scores thereof: Factor 1 (visual memory/visuospatial), Factor 2 (verbal memory), Factor 3 (frontal/executive), and Factor 4 (attention/working memory/language). The global cognitive composite score of each patient was calculated based on these factors. Subsequently, we assessed the effect of baseline cognitive function on long-term motor outcomes, namely levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, freezing of gait (FOG), and rate of longitudinal increases in levodopa-equivalent dose (LED). RESULTS Cox regression analysis demonstrated that higher Factor 3 (frontal/executive) composite scores (i.e., better cognitive performance) were associated with early development of LID [hazard ratio (HR), 1.507; p = 0.003], whereas higher Factor 1 (visual memory/visuospatial) composite scores (i.e., better cognitive performance) were associated with a lower risk for FOG (HR 0.683; p = 0.017). We noted that higher global cognitive composite scores were associated with a lower risk for developing FOG (HR 0.455; p = 0.045). The linear mixed model demonstrated that higher global cognitive composite scores and better cognitive performance in visual memory/visuospatial function were associated with slower longitudinal increases in LED. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that baseline cognitive profiles have prognostic implications on several motor aspects in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - KyoungWon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Hildenbrand H, Wickstrom J, Parks R, Zampieri C, Nguyen TT, Thurm A, Jenkins K, Alter KE, Matsubara J, Hammond D, Soldatos A, Porter FD, Dang Do AN. Characterizing upper limb function in the context of activities of daily living in CLN3 disease. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1399-1413. [PMID: 33559393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In CLN3 disease, impairments in motor function are frequently reported to have later onset compared to visual and cognitive decline, but upper limb motor function has yet to be explored in this population. In a cohort of 22 individuals with CLN3, we used a novel application of multiple measures to (1) characterize motor function, particularly of the upper limbs, in activities of daily living (ADLs), and (2) explore associations between motor function and age as well as visual ability, disease severity, and cognitive function, as evaluated by the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), a validated CLN3 disease measure. ADLs that required coordination, speed, and fine motor control were particularly challenging for children with CLN3 based on item-level performance across direct assessments (Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test [JTHFT] and MyoSet Tools) and caregiver reports (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Testing [PEDI-CAT] and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Pediatric Upper Extremity). Poorer visual ability, disease severity, and cognitive function were associated with worse performance on these measures, whereas age had limited impact. These findings support the need for children with CLN3 to receive skilled clinical evaluation and treatment tailored to their individual needs, particularly in the context of ADLs, as their symptom profile progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hildenbrand
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan Wickstrom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Parks
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cris Zampieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thuy-Tien Nguyen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kisha Jenkins
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine E Alter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse Matsubara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan Hammond
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- Pediatric Neurology Consultation Service, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - An N Dang Do
- Office of the Clinical Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Walton L, Domellöf ME, Boraxbekk CJ, Domellöf E, Rönnqvist L, Bäckström D, Forsgren L, Stigsdotter Neely A. The Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility and Single-Subject Study on Cognition, Movement and Functional Brain Response. Front Psychol 2021; 11:587925. [PMID: 33519604 PMCID: PMC7838443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the fronto-striatal network is involved in motor and cognitive symptoms. Working memory (WM) updating training engages this network in healthy populations, as observed by improved cognitive performance and increased striatal BOLD signal. This two-part study aimed to assess the feasibility of WM updating training in PD and measure change in cognition, movement and functional brain response in one individual with PD after WM updating training. A feasibility and single-subject (FL) study were performed in which patients with PD completed computerized WM updating training. The outcome measures were the pre-post changes in criterion and transfer cognitive tests; cognitive complaints; psychological health; movement kinematics; and task-related BOLD signal. Participants in the feasibility study showed improvements on the criterion tests at post-test. FL displayed the largest improvements on the criterion tests and smaller improvements on transfer tests. Furthermore, FL reported improved cognitive performance in everyday life. A shorter onset latency and smoother upper-limb goal-directed movements were measured at post-test, as well as increased activation within the striatum and decreased activation throughout the fronto-parietal WM network. This two-part study demonstrated that WM updating training is feasible to complete for PD patients and that change occurred in FL at post-test in the domains of cognition, movement and functional brain response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Walton
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Domellöf
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - David Bäckström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Engineering Psychology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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15
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Elfil M, Bahbah EI, Attia MM, Eldokmak M, Koo BB. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:570-580. [PMID: 33296545 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that presents with motor and non-motor manifestations. Amongst the non-motor features, various forms of sleep disturbances can occur, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered to be a common comorbidity. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of OSA on cognitive and motor functions in PD. METHODS The information sources of for this systematic review and meta-analysis were PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) studies including idiopathic PD patients, (2) studies using polysomnography to categorize PD patients into PD with OSA and PD without OSA, and (3) studies with observational designs (case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional). Data analysis was performed using RevMan. RESULTS Our meta-analysis showed that OSA was associated with significantly lower scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) (mean difference (MD) = -0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-1.28, -0.13], P = 0.01) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (MD = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.17, -0.21], P = 0.005). Moreover, the score of the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III) was significantly higher in PD patients with OSA as compared with those without OSA (MD = 1.63, 95% CI [0.03, 3.23], P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS OSA is associated with increased severity of PD-associated cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings, assess the underlying mechanisms by which OSA influences the motor and cognitive functions in PD, and investigate whether OSA can accelerate the neurodegenerative process of PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Eldokmak
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Brian B Koo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurologic Research, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology, Connecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Brandão PRP, Munhoz RP, Grippe TC, Cardoso FEC, de Almeida E Castro BM, Titze-de-Almeida R, Tomaz C, Tavares MCH. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A clinical and pathophysiological overview. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117177. [PMID: 33068906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received increasing attention, and, together with other non-motor symptoms, exert a significant functional impact in the daily lives of patients. This article aims to compile and briefly summarize selected published data about clinical features, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and pathophysiology of PD-related dementia (PDD). The literature search included articles indexed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database, published in English, over the last two decades. Despite significant progress on clinical criteria and cohort studies for PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and PDD, there are still knowledge gaps about its exact molecular and pathological basis. Here we overview the scientific literature on the role of functional circuits, neurotransmitter systems (monoaminergic and cholinergic), basal forebrain, and brainstem nuclei dysfunction in PD-MCI. Correlations between neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, clinical outcomes, and pathological results are described to aid in uncovering the neurodegeneration pattern in PD-MCI and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Renato P Brandão
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB); Neurology Section, Medical Department, Chamber of Deputies of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Renato Puppi Munhoz
- Toronto Western Hospital, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Talyta Cortez Grippe
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB); Movement Disorders Group, Neurology Unit, Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal; School of Medicine, Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Costa Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Service, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília/FAV, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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17
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Bayram E, Litvan I, Wright BA, Grembowski C, Shen Q, Harrington DL. Dopamine effects on memory load and distraction during visuospatial working memory in cognitively normal Parkinson's disease. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:812-828. [PMID: 33021874 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1828804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visuospatial working memory (WM) impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are more prominent and evolve earlier than verbal WM deficits, suggesting some differences in underlying pathology. WM is regulated by dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex, but the effect of dopamine on specific processes supporting visuospatial WM are not well understood. Dopamine therapeutic effects on different WM processes may also differ given the heterogeneity of cognitive changes in PD. The present study examined the effect of dopamine therapy on memory load and distraction during visuospatial WM. Exploratory analyses evaluated whether individual differences in medication effects were associated with a gene, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which regulates prefrontal cortex dopamine levels. Cognitively normal PD participants (n = 28) and controls (n = 25) performed a visuospatial WM task, which manipulated memory load and the presence/absence of distractors. PD participants performed the task on and off medication. PD COMT groups were comprised of Met homozygote (lower COMT activity) and heterozygote and Val homozygote carriers (higher COMT activity, Het/Val). The results showed that handling higher memory loads and suppressing distraction were impaired in PD off, but not on medication. Medication improved distraction resistance in Met, but not Het/Val group. COMT did not modulate medication effects on memory load. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic therapy restores visuospatial WM processes in patients without cognitive impairment and suggest that COMT variants may partly explain the mixed effects of medication on specific processes governed by distinct brain systems. Future investigations into gene-modulated effects of medication could lead to individualized strategies for treating cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brenton A Wright
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cailey Grembowski
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service (151), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qian Shen
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service (151), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L Harrington
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Service (151), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Júlio F, Ribeiro MJ, Morgadinho A, Sousa M, van Asselen M, Simões MR, Castelo-Branco M, Januário C. Cognition, function and awareness of disease impact in early Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:921-939. [PMID: 32620060 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1783001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's and Huntington's Disease (PD and HD) present impairments in cognitively challenging everyday activities. This study contrasts these two basal ganglia disorders on the ability to perform daily life- like tasks and their level of awareness regarding the disease impact on function.Methods: 19 controls, 10 early-onset PD, 20 early stage PD, and 15 early manifest HD patients were compared in the "EcoKitchen," a virtual reality task with increasing executive load, the "Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome battery - BADS," and "The Adults and Older Adults Functional Assessment Inventory - IAFAI," a self-report functional questionnaire. The EcoKitchen clinical correlates were investigated.Results: All clinical groups presented slower EcoKitchen performance than controls, however, only HD patients showed decreased accuracy. HD and PD patients exhibited reduced BADS scores compared to the other study participants. Importantly, on the IAFAI, PD patients signalled more physically related incapacities and HD patients indicated more cognitively related incapacities. Accordingly, the EcoKitchen performance was significantly associated with PD motor symptom severity.Conclusions: Our findings suggest differential disease impact on cognition and function across PD and HD patients, with preserved awareness regarding disease- related functional sequelae. These observations have important implications for clinical management, research and rehabilitation.Implications for rehabilitationPatients with early stage Parkinson's and Huntington's disease have diagnosis-specific impairments in the performance of executively demanding everyday activities and, yet, show preserved awareness about the disease impact on their daily life.An active involvement of patients in the rehabilitation process should be encouraged, as their appraisal of the disease effects can help on practical decisions about meaningful targets for intervention, vocational choices, quality-of-life issues and/or specific everyday skills to boost.The EcoKitchen, a non-immersive virtual reality task, can detect and quantify early deficits in everyday-like tasks and is therefore a valuable tool for assessing the effects of rehabilitation strategies on the functional cognition of these patients.Rehabilitation efforts in the mild stages of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease should be aware of greater time needs from the patients in the performance of daily life tasks, target executive skills, and give a more prominent role to patients in symptoms report and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Júlio
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mário Sousa
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marieke van Asselen
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R Simões
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Januário
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
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Association Between Motor Subtype and Visuospatial and Executive Function in Mild-Moderate Parkinson Disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1580-1589. [PMID: 32540135 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare participants with Parkinson disease (PD) motor subtypes, postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) (n=46) and tremor dominant (TD) (n=28), in cognitive and motor-cognitive assessments with the purpose of identifying associations between subtype and visuospatial, whole-body spatial, inhibition and/or switching, and planning and/or organizational aspects of cognitive and motor-cognitive function. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables, while 2-sample independent t tests were used to analyze continuous variables. SETTING Assessments took place at Emory University. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N=72) were 40 years and older, had a clinical diagnosis of PD, exhibited 3 of the 4 cardinal signs of PD, had shown benefit from antiparkinsonian medications, and were in Hoehn and Yahr stages I-IV. Participants could walk 3 m or more with or without assistance. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Balance and mobility tests included Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and the time needed to turn 360 degrees. Cognitive assessments included Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Brooks Spatial Memory Task, Color-Word Interference Test, Tower of London, Trail Making Test, Corsi Blocks, Serial 3s Subtraction, and Body Position Spatial Task. Motor-cognitive function measures included Four Square Step Test and Timed Up and Go. RESULTS Participants with PIGD performed lower than those with TD symptoms on mental status (P=.005), spatial memory (P=.027), executive function (P=.0001-.034), and visuospatial ability (P=.048). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that PIGD subtype is linked to greater deficits in spatial cognition, attentional flexibility and organizational planning, and whole-body spatial memory domains. These findings support the need for more personalized approaches to clinically managing PD.
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Boot E, Mentzel TQ, Palmer LD, van Harten PN, Marras C, Lang AE, Bassett AS. Age-Related Parkinsonian Signs in Microdeletion 22q11.2. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1239-1245. [PMID: 32386091 PMCID: PMC7497092 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recurrent hemizygous 22q11.2 deletion associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has been identified as a genetic risk factor for early‐onset PD. However, little is known about early motor signs in this condition. Objectives We examined the presence, severity and possible factors associated with parkinsonism in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and without PD. Methods We compared motor signs between 82 adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and 25 healthy controls, using the MDS‐UPDRS part III, and three‐dimensional motion‐tracker technology to quantify components of bradykinesia. Results Median MDS‐UPDRS part III total and bradykinesia subscores were significantly higher in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (median age: 26 years; range, 17–65) than in controls (P = 0.000; P = 0.000, respectively). Age was a significant contributor to bradykinesia subscore (B = 0.06; P = 0.01) and to the electronic bradykinesia component, velocity (B = –0.02; P = 0.000); psychotic illness did not significantly impact these analyses. In 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, MDS‐UPDRS–defined bradykinesia was present in 18.3%, rigidity in 14.6%, and rest tremor in 12.2%. Conclusions Parkinsonian motor signs appear to be common and age related in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate possible symptom progression to PD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Boot
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Advisium,'s Heeren Loo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Q Mentzel
- Innova, Psychiatric Centre GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa D Palmer
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter N van Harten
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Innova, Psychiatric Centre GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Genetics Research Program, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Analysis of non-invasive gait recording under free-living conditions in patients with Parkinson's disease: relationship with global cognitive function and motor abnormalities. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32349688 PMCID: PMC7189597 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the gait characteristics of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), under free-living conditions, using a wearable device, and assessed their relationships with global cognitive function and motor abnormalities. Methods The study subjects comprised patients with PD aged < 80 years, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥20, free of any motor complications. A wearable sensor with a built-in tri-axial accelerometer was waist-mounted on each patient, and continuous, 24-h records were obtained. The mean gait cycle duration and mean gait acceleration amplitude, under free-living conditions, were computed and analyzed to determine their relationship with disease duration, MMSE score, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III score, and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) score. Results The study included 106 consecutive patients with PD. The mean gait cycle duration was 1.18 ± 0.12 s, which was similar to that of the normal controls. However, the mean gait acceleration amplitude of PD patients (1.83 ± 0.36 m/s2) was significantly lower than that of the control (p < 0.001). In PD patients, the mean gait acceleration amplitude correlated with the MMSE (β = 0.197, p = 0.028), UPDRS Part III (β = − 0.327, p < 0.001), and PIGD (β = − 0.235, p = 0.008) scores. Conclusions The gait rhythm of PD patients is preserved at levels similar to those of normal subjects. However, the mean gait acceleration amplitude was significantly reduced in patients with PD. The results indicate that gait acceleration amplitude correlates with the severity of motor disorders and global cognitive function.
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Zhang W, Low LF, Schwenk M, Mills N, Gwynn JD, Clemson L. Review of Gait, Cognition, and Fall Risks with Implications for Fall Prevention in Older Adults with Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 48:17-29. [PMID: 31743907 DOI: 10.1159/000504340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of falls; however, fall prevention strategies have limited success in this population. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to inform a theoretical framework for fall prevention in older adults with dementia. SUMMARY A narrative review was conducted on fall risk factors in people with cognitive impairment, the relationship between cognition and gait, and their joint impact on the risk of falls. This was used to develop a theoretical framework for fall prevention for people with dementia. Executive function and motor function are closely related as they share neuroanatomy. This close relationship has been confirmed by observational studies including neuroimaging and intervention studies. Executive function is the cognitive domain most commonly associated with gait dysfunction. Attention, sensory integration, and motor planning are the sub-domains of executive function associated with risk of falls through gait dysfunction, whereas cognitive flexibility, judgement, and inhibitory control affect risk of falls through risk-taking behaviour. Key Messages: Gait, cognition, and falls are closely related. The comorbidity and interaction between gait abnormality and cognitive impairment may underpin the high prevalence of falls in older adults with dementia. Gait assessment and cognitive assessment, particularly executive function, should be integrated in fall risk screening. Assessment results should be interpreted and utilised using a multidisciplinary approach; specific strategies such as customised gait training and behavioural modulation should be considered as part of falls prevention for people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,Department of Occupational Therapy, Wolper Jewish Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Schwenk
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Mills
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine Diana Gwynn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Stern RB, d'Alencar MS, Uscapi YL, Gubitoso MD, Roque AC, Helene AF, Piemonte MEP. Goalkeeper Game: A New Assessment Tool for Prediction of Gait Performance Under Complex Condition in People With Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:50. [PMID: 32194393 PMCID: PMC7064547 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) display poorer gait performance when walking under complex conditions than under simple conditions. Screening tests that evaluate gait performance changes under complex walking conditions may be valuable tools for early intervention, especially if allowing for massive data collection. Objectives: To investigate the use of the Goalkeeper Game (GG) to predict impairment in gait performance under complex conditions in people with Parkinson's disease (PPD) and compare its predictive power with the one of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Methods: 74 PPD (HY stages: 23 in stage 1; 31 in stage 2; 20 in stage 3), without dementia (MoCA cut-off 21), tested in ON period with dopaminergic medication were submitted to single individual cognitive/motor evaluation sessions. MoCA and GG were used to assess cognition, and the dynamic gait index (DGI) test was used to assess gait performance under complex condition. GG test resulted in 9 measures extracted via a statistical model. The predictive power of the GG measures and the MoCA score with respect to gait performance, as assessed by DGI, were compared. Results: The predictive models based on GG obtained a better score of prediction (65%) then MoCA (56%) for DGI scores (at a 50% specificity). Conclusion: GG is a novel tool for noninvasive screening that showed a superior predictive power in assessing gait performance under complex condition in people with PD than the well-established MoCa test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. Stern
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silva d'Alencar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yanina L. Uscapi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco D. Gubitoso
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Roque
- Department of Physics, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André F. Helene
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Bäckström D, Granåsen G, Domellöf ME, Linder J, Jakobson Mo S, Riklund K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Forsgren L. Early predictors of mortality in parkinsonism and Parkinson disease: A population-based study. Neurology 2018; 91:e2045-e2056. [PMID: 30381367 PMCID: PMC6282235 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine mortality and associated risk factors, including possible effects of mild cognitive impairment, imaging, and CSF abnormalities, in a community-based population with incident parkinsonism and Parkinson disease. Methods One hundred eighty-two patients with new-onset, idiopathic parkinsonism were diagnosed from January 2004 through April 2009, in a catchment area of 142,000 inhabitants in Sweden. Patients were comprehensively investigated according to a multimodal research protocol and followed prospectively for up to 13.5 years. A total of 109 patients died. Mortality rates in the general Swedish population were used to calculate standardized mortality ratio and expected survival, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate independent predictors of mortality. Results The standardized mortality ratio for all patients was 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.50–2.22, p < 0.001). Patients with atypical parkinsonism (multiple system atrophy or progressive supranuclear palsy) had the highest mortality. In early Parkinson disease, a mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, freezing of gait, hyposmia, reduced dopamine transporter activity in the caudate, and elevated leukocytes in the CSF were significantly associated with shorter survival. Conclusion Although patients presenting with idiopathic parkinsonism have reduced survival, the survival is highly dependent on the type and characteristics of the parkinsonian disorder. Patients with Parkinson disease presenting with normal cognitive function seem to have a largely normal life expectancy. The finding of a subtle CSF leukocytosis in patients with Parkinson disease with short survival may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bäckström
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK.
| | - Gabriel Granåsen
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Magdalena Eriksson Domellöf
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Jan Linder
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Susanna Jakobson Mo
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Katrine Riklund
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Lars Forsgren
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (D.B., M.E.D., J.L., L.F.), Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (G.G.), Department of Psychology (M.E.D.), and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (S.J.M., K.R.), Umeå University; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (H.Z., K.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
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Assogna F, Pellicano C, Cravello L, Savini C, Pierantozzi M, Mercuri B, Caltagirone C, Pontieri FE, Spalletta G, Stefani A. Psychiatric profile of motor subtypes of de novo drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01094. [PMID: 30160376 PMCID: PMC6192407 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. It is well established that different motor subtypes of PD evolve with different clinical courses and prognoses. The complete psychiatric profile underlying these different phenotypes since the very early stage of the disease is debated. AIMS OF THE STUDY We aimed at investigating the psychiatric profile of the three motor subtypes of PD (akinetic-rigid, tremor-dominant, and mixed) in de novo drug-naïve patients with PD. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with PD, divided into 39 akinetic-rigid (AR), seven mixed (MIX), and 22 tremor-dominant (TD) patients underwent a complete assessment of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms. RESULTS No significant differences were found among groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a differentiation of the psychiatric symptoms associated with specific motor subtypes of PD is not detectable in de novo drug-naïve patients. Previous evidence that emerges later along the disease progression may be a consequence of the dopaminergic and nondopaminergic damage increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Assogna
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Pellicano
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Movement Disorder Service, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, Mental Health and Sensory Organs - NESMOS, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, "San Giovanni Addolorata" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine of Systems, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco E Pontieri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Movement Disorder Service, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, Mental Health and Sensory Organs - NESMOS, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Stefani
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Bu LL, Liu FT, Jiang CF, Guo SS, Yu H, Zuo CT, Wu P, Wang J. Patterns of dopamine transporter imaging in subtypes of multiple system atrophy. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 138:170-176. [PMID: 29573392 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences in the pattern of striatal (caudate and putamen) dopamine transporter (DAT) loss in a multiple system atrophy (MSA) cohort, based on the clinical variants parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) and cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) via (11)C-N-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane (11 C-CFT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and six subjects (forty-one patients with probable MSA-P; forty patients with probable MSA-C; twenty-five healthy controls) underwent 11 C-CFT PET. Subregional 11 C-CFT uptake of bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen was calculated respectively to measure the striatal dopaminergic function. RESULTS Significant decrease in DAT binding in striatum was revealed in patients with MSA-C and MSA-P compared to normal controls (all regions, MSA-C vs controls, P < .0001; MSA-P vs controls, P < .0001). DAT reduction was more pronounced in MSA-P patients than that in MSA-C patients (all regions, P < .0001). Eleven of forty MSA-C patients displayed no DAT loss, whereas striatal DAT loss was evident in all MSA-P patients. MSA-P subtype showed a more obvious anteroposterior gradient of DAT loss and more asymmetric dopaminergic dysfunction compared to MSA-C patients. CONCLUSION The subtypes of MSA studied here show significantly different spatial/anatomic patterns of striatonigral degeneration which may provide insights into their disease pathophysiology. Specifically, MSA-P patients exhibit an uneven and much greater pronounced loss of dopamine innervation, while a relatively uniform pattern is revealed in patients with the MSA-C. Furthermore, the typical reduction in DAT 11 C-CFT binding in striatum is not present in all MSA-C patients, with a minority of cases showing normal DAT binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.-L. Bu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - F.-T. Liu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - C.-F. Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Affiliated Kunshan Hospital; Jiangsu University; Kunshan China
| | - S.-S. Guo
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - H. Yu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - C.-T. Zuo
- PET Center; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - P. Wu
- PET Center; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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27
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Gait Patterns in Parkinson's Disease with or without Cognitive Impairment. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2018; 17:57-65. [PMID: 30906393 PMCID: PMC6427969 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2018.17.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cognitive and gait disturbance are common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the relationship between cognitive impairment and gait dysfunction in PD has been suggested, specific gait patterns according to cognition are not fully demonstrated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate gait patterns in PD patients with or without cognitive impairment. Methods We studied 86 patients at an average of 4.8 years after diagnosis of PD. Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring 1.5 standard deviation below age- and education-specific means on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted for all patients and quantified gait parameters of temporal-spatial data were used. Relationships among cognition, demographic characteristics, clinical features, and gait pattern were evaluated. Results Cognitive impairment was observed in 41 (47.7%) patients. Compared to patients without cognitive impairment, patients with cognitive impairment displayed reduced gait speed, step length, and stride length. Among K-MMSE subcategories, “registration,” “attention/calculation,” and “visuospatial function” were significantly associated with speed, step length, and stride length. However, age, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr (HY) stage, or Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score was not significantly related to any gait analysis parameter. Conclusions Our present study shows that cognitive impairment is associated with slow and short-stepped gait regardless of HY stage or UPDRS motor score, suggesting that cognitive impairment may serve as a surrogate marker of gait disturbance or fall in PD patients.
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28
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Step length predicts executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a 3-year prospective study. J Neurol 2018; 265:2211-2220. [PMID: 30014240 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cognition and gait appear to be closely related. The chronological interplay between cognitive decline and gait dysfunction is not fully understood. The aim of the present prospective study is investigating whether the dysfunction of specific gait parameters, during specific task and medication conditions, may predict subsequent cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated cognition and gait in 39 Parkinsonian patients at an initial assessment and after 3 years. Cognitive performance was evaluated with a neuropsychological battery designed to assess memory, executive/attention, and visuospatial domains. Gait was investigated using a gait analysis system during both the off and on states in the following conditions: (1) normal gait; (2) motor dual task; and (3) cognitive dual task. We used regression models to determine whether gait predicts subsequent cognitive dysfunction. Overall, the cognitive test scores were stable over time with the exception of the executive/attention scores, whereas all gait parameters declined. The step length during the cognitive dual task during the on state at the initial evaluation was the only significant predictor of executive/attention domain dysfunction at follow up. The results were confirmed when executive/attention dysfunction at the initial assessment evaluation was included in the regression model as a covariate. Our longitudinal study offers additional insight into the progression of gait dysfunction, and its chronological relationship with cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. In particular, the present study indicates that step length during a cognitive task when on medication is an independent predictor of future executive/attention decline.
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Pelicioni PHS, Brodie MA, Latt MD, Menant JC, Menz HB, Fung VSC, Lord SR. Head and trunk stability during gait before and after levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease subtypes. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:78-85. [PMID: 30017993 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes; the latter group having more impaired gait and increased fall risk. While there is some evidence that anti-parkinsonian medication, levodopa, might not improve balance and gait control or reduce fall risk in the PIGD subtype, it is unclear whether the levodopa dosage intake affects gait stability. To address these issues, this study used accelerometry to compare gait stability: (i) during before and after levodopa intake between non-PIGD and PIGD subtypes; (ii) between individuals who took less or >750 mg of levodopa/day. METHODS In 15 non-PIGD (Combination of 13 TD patients and 2 classified as indeterminate subtype) and 23 PIGD participants of similar mean (SD) age ((63.0 (7.6) versus 62.6 (10.0) years, respectively)) and disease-duration (8.9 (8.9) versus 11.3 (4.6) years, respectively), head and trunk stability during gait was examined using anteroposterior, vertical and mediolateral acceleration harmonic ratios (HRs). Participants were assessed before and after a levodopa dose, during typical "off" and "on" periods, respectively. RESULTS Two-way analyses of variance (group × medication status) revealed that compared to the non-PIGD subgroup, the PIGD subgroup showed significantly worse head stability (lower anteroposterior HR) in the "off" state, and significantly worse pelvis stability (significantly lower mediolateral and vertical HRs) in the "on" state (p < 0.05 for both). Levodopa was effective in treating most of the disease-related impairments (not bradykinesia) in both groups, (p < 0.05) but improved gait stability (lowered pelvis mediolateral and vertical HRs) only in people with the non-PIGD subtype (p < 0.05) and those taking <750 mg of levodopa/day (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS People with the PD PIGD subtype exhibit impaired gait stability that is not improved and frequently worsened by levodopa. New non-pharmaceutical approaches, technological (e.g. cueing) or exercise-based (e.g. balance training) are required to improve or compensate for mediolateral gait instability in this subtype and ultimately prevent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H S Pelicioni
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brodie
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D Latt
- Department of Aged Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden road, Camperdown, 2050 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmine C Menant
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, 1300 La Trobe, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury road and Darcy road, Westmead, 2145, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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30
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Kao CC, Chiu HL, Liu D, Chan PT, Tseng IJ, Chen R, Niu SF, Chou KR. Effect of interactive cognitive motor training on gait and balance among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 82:121-128. [PMID: 29627750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a normal degenerative process that results in a decline in the gait and balance performance of older adults. Interactive cognitive motor training is an intervention that integrates cognitive and motor tasks to promote individuals' physical and cognitive fall risk factors. However, the additive effects of the interactive cognitive motor training on objective quantitative data and comprehensive descriptions of gait and balance warrants further investigation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of interactive cognitive motor training on older adults' gait and balance from immediate to long-term time points. DESIGN A double-blind randomized control trial. SETTINGS Four senior service centers and community service centers in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS 62 older adults who met the inclusion criteria. METHODS The study participants were older adults without cognitive impairment, and they were randomly allocated to the experimental group or active control group. In both groups, older adults participated in three sessions of 30-min training per week for a total of 8 weeks, with the total number of training sessions being 24. The primary outcome was gait performance, which was measured using objective and subjective indicators. iWALK was used as an objective indicator to measure pace and dynamic stability; the Functional Gait Assessment was employed as a subjective indicator. The secondary outcome was balance performance, which was measured using iSWAY. A generalized estimating equation was used to identify whether the results of the two groups differ after receiving different intervention measures; the results were obtained from immediate to long-term posttests. RESULTS Stride length in the pace category of the experimental group improved significantly in immediate posttest (p = 0.01), 3-month follow-up (p = 0.01), and 6-month follow-up (p = 0.04). The range of motion of the leg exhibited significant improvement in immediate posttest (p = 0.04) and 3-month follow-up (p = 0.04). The Functional Gait Assessment result indicated that statistically significant improvement was observed in immediate posttest (p = 0.02) and 12-month follow-up (p = 0.01). The results of balance performance showed that the experimental group attained statistically significant improvement in centroid frequency in the immediate posttest (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The research results validated that the 24 sessions of the interactive cognitive motor training intervention significantly improved gait and balance performance. Future studies should extend the sample to communities to promote the gait and balance performance of community-dwelling older adults without cognitive impairment and reduce their risk of falling and developing gait-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiu Kao
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ling Chiu
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Doresses Liu
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tuan Chan
- Department of Nursing, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Niu
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Moustafa AA, Chakravarthy S, Phillips JR, Crouse JJ, Gupta A, Frank MJ, Hall JM, Jahanshahi M. Interrelations between cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: behavioral and neural studies. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:535-48. [PMID: 26982614 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other motor deficits, including gait disturbance, speech deficits, and impaired handwriting. However, along with these key motor symptoms, PD patients also experience cognitive deficits in attention, executive function, working memory, and learning. Recent evidence suggests that these motor and cognitive deficits of PD are not completely dissociable, as aspects of cognitive dysfunction can impact motor performance in PD. In this article, we provide a review of behavioral and neural studies on the associations between motor symptoms and cognitive deficits in PD, specifically akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, gait, handwriting, precision grip, and speech production. This review paves the way for providing a framework for understanding how treatment of cognitive dysfunction, for example cognitive rehabilitation programs, may in turn influence the motor symptoms of PD.
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Majbour NK, Vaikath NN, Eusebi P, Chiasserini D, Ardah M, Varghese S, Haque ME, Tokuda T, Auinger P, Calabresi P, Parnetti L, El-Agnaf OMA. Longitudinal changes in CSF alpha-synuclein species reflect Parkinson's disease progression. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1535-1542. [PMID: 27548849 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis is mainly based on clinical criteria, with a high risk of misdiagnosis. The identification of reliable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression has a key role for developing disease-modifying therapies. In this article, we investigated the longitudinal changes of CSF α-synuclein species in early PD patients and explored the potential use of these species as surrogate biomarkers for PD progression. METHODS We used our newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for measuring different forms of α-synuclein, such as oligomeric-α-synuclein, phosphorylated-α-synuclein at serine 129, or total-α-synuclein in CSF from the longitudinal Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study cohort (n = 121). CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (total-tau, phosphorylated-tau, Aβ40 , and Aβ42 ) were also measured for this cohort. RESULTS Interestingly, total-α-synuclein and oligomeric-α-synuclein levels significantly increased during the 2-year Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study follow-up period, whereas phosphorylated-α-synuclein at serine 129 levels showed a longitudinal decrease. We have also noted an association between a change of the oligomeric-α-synuclein/total-α-synuclein ratio and a worsening of motor signs, in particular in the postural-instability and gait-difficulty dominant PD group. A strong positive correlation between the changes in CSF total-α-synuclein and oligomeric-α-synuclein during the 2-year Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study was also noted (r = 0.84, P < .001). CONCLUSION Our data show that CSF α-synuclein species have a dynamic pattern along the course of the disease, supporting their possible role as progression biomarkers for PD and their link with PD clinical phenotypes. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.,Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mustafa Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shiji Varghese
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Geriatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Department of Neurology, Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,IRCCS - S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar. .,Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
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Chhetri JK, Chan P, Vellas B, Cesari M. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Predictor of Dementia and Age-Related Negative Outcomes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:166. [PMID: 29119100 PMCID: PMC5660976 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive disorders represent a leading cause of disability in the aging population, of which dementia has the highest global burden. Early signs of dementia such as slow gait and memory complaints are known to present well before the overt manifestation of the disease. Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by the simultaneous presence of gait disturbances and memory complaints in older subjects has been proposed to study the close interactions between the physical and cognitive domains as well as a possible approach to identify individuals at increased risk of dementia. In addition, studies have shown MCR as a predictor of other negative outcomes in older adults, including disability, falls and death. However, the concept of MCR is still in its early stage and approach to the syndrome is still not well established. This review aims to put together the various aspects of MCR syndrome including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and relationship with other geriatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish K Chhetri
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Geriatrics, and Neurology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR 1027, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR 1027, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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34
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Bohnen NI, Haugen J, Ridder A, Kotagal V, Albin RL, Frey KA, Müller MLTM. Color discrimination errors associate with axial motor impairments in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4:864-869. [PMID: 29226177 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visual function deficits are more common in imbalance-predominant compared to tremor-predominant PD suggesting a pathophysiological role of impaired visual functions in axial motor impairments. Objective To investigate the relationship between changes in color discrimination and motor impairments in PD while accounting for cognitive or other confounder factors. Methods PD subjects (n=49, age 66.7±8.3 years; Hoehn & Yahr stage 2.6±0.6) completed color discrimination assessment using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test, neuropsychological, motor assessments and [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 PET imaging. MDS-UPDRS sub-scores for cardinal motor features were computed. Timed up and go mobility and walking tests were assessed in 48 subjects. Results Bivariate correlation coefficients between color discrimination and motor variables were significant only for the Timed up and go (RS=0.44, P=0.0018) and the MDS-UPDRS axial motor scores (RS=0.38, P=0.0068). Multiple regression confounder analysis using the Timed up and go as outcome parameter showed a significant total model (F(5,43)= 7.3, P<0.0001) with significant regressor effects for color discrimination (standardized β=0.32, t=2.6, P=0.012), global cognitive Z-score (β=-0.33, t=-2.5, P=0.018), duration of disease (β=0.26, t=1.8, P=0.038), but not for age or striatal dopaminergic binding. The color discrimination test was also a significant independent regressor in the MDS-UPDRS axial motor model (standardized β=0.29, t=2.4, P=0.022; total model t(5,43)= 6.4, P=0.0002). Conclusions Color discrimination errors associate with axial motor features in PD independent of cognitive deficits, nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation, and other confounder variables. These findings may reflect shared pathophysiology between color discrimination visual impairments and axial motor burden in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Haugen
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104
| | - Andrew Ridder
- Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104
| | - Vikas Kotagal
- Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104
| | - Roger L Albin
- Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kirk A Frey
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104
| | - Martijn L T M Müller
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 48104.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Arie L, Herman T, Shema-Shiratzky S, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Do cognition and other non-motor symptoms decline similarly among patients with Parkinson's disease motor subtypes? Findings from a 5-year prospective study. J Neurol 2017; 264:2149-2157. [PMID: 28879438 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) are evident. PD is often divided into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor subtypes. We evaluated the effect of disease duration and aimed to characterize whether there are differences in the deterioration of cognitive function and other NMS between the PIGD and TD subtypes. Sixty-three subjects were re-evaluated at the follow-up visit about 5 years after baseline examination. Cognitive function and other NMS were assessed. At follow-up, the PIGD and TD groups were similar with respect to medications, comorbidities and disease-related symptoms. There was a significant time effect for all measures, indicating deterioration and worsening in both groups. However, cognitive scores, particularly those related to executive function, became significantly worse in the PIGD with a more moderate decrease in the TD group. For example, the computerized global cognitive score declined in the PIGD group from 94.21 ± 11.88 to 83.91 ± 13.76, p < 0.001. This decline was significantly larger (p = 0.03) than the decrease observed in the TD group (96.56 ± 10.29 to 92.21 ± 14.20, p = 0.047). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for the change in global cognitive score (p = 0.047), the executive function index (p = 0.002) and accuracy on a motor-cognitive catch game (p = 0.008). In contrast, several NMS including depression, health-related quality of life and fear of falling deteriorated in parallel in both subtypes, with no interaction effect. The present findings highlight the difference in the natural history of the disease between the two PD "motor" subtypes. While the PIGD group demonstrated a significant cognitive decline, especially in executive functions, a more favorable course was observed in the TD subtype. This behavior was not seen in regards to the other NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arie
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Herman
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - S Shema-Shiratzky
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Giladi
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Wang YX, Zhao J, Li DK, Peng F, Wang Y, Yang K, Liu ZY, Liu FT, Wu JJ, Wang J. Associations between cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00719. [PMID: 28638722 PMCID: PMC5474720 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have been carried out to explore the potential association between neurologic deficits and variable clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between cognitive performance and motor dysfunction in Chinese patients with PD. METHODS Data from 96 patients with PD were obtained from the Parkinson's disease patient cohort database of Huashan Hospital. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation to assess cognitive status, that included scoring on the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), followed by more detailed cognitive assessment on five main cognitive domains (verbal memory, nonverbal memory, visuospatial function, language and attention/executive function). Correlations between cognitive and motor scores were investigated after controlling for age, disease duration, education, and gender. RESULTS We report a significant correlation between subdomains of cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction using analyses of the multiple linear regression. Notably, executive function and attention was significantly associated with bradykinesia and rigidity, while visuospatial function was associated with bradykinesia and tremor. CONCLUSIONS The association between motor dysfunction and cognitive decline in PD might highlight deficits represented by a shared neurochemical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Da-Ke Li
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhen-Yang Liu
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology Huashan Hospital & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China
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Wyman-Chick KA, Martin PK, Barrett MJ, Manning CA, Sperling SA. Diagnostic Accuracy and Confidence in the Clinical Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Early-Stage Parkinson Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2017; 30:178-183. [PMID: 28351200 DOI: 10.1177/0891988717701001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is present in up to 34% of patients with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is difficult to detect subtle impairment without objective cognitive testing. METHODS Data were obtained from the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative. All 341 participants were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a brief neuropsychological battery. Participants were classified as PD-MCI if MoCA was <26 or if they scored ≥1 standard deviation below the normative mean in 2 or more domains, based upon established criteria. The sensitivity/specificity for the clinical detection of PD-MCI was determined. RESULTS Overall accuracy for clinical detection of PD-MCI was 67.4%. Although clinical determination was highly specific (96.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.98), sensitivity was poor (32.0%; 95% CI: 0.25-0.40). CONCLUSION Identifying MCI in early-stage PD based on clinical interview alone appears to be insufficient. The inclusion of objective cognitive tests allowing for normative sample comparisons is needed to increase the detection of cognitive impairment in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip K Martin
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Carol A Manning
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Sperling
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44872. [PMID: 28332604 PMCID: PMC5362957 DOI: 10.1038/srep44872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is identified as tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) phenotypes. The relationships between motor phenotypes and cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are unknown. We evaluated the motor symptoms and cognitive function by scales, and detected the levels of pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in CSF. TD group and PIGD group had significantly higher levels of total tau, tau phosphorylated at the position of threonine 181(P-tau181t), threonine 231, serine 396, serine 199 and lower β amyloid (Aβ)1–42 level in CSF than those in control group; PIGD group had significantly higher P-tau181t level and lower Aβ1–42 level than those in TD group. In PD group, PIGD severity was negatively correlated with MoCA score and Aβ1–42 level in CSF, and positively correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage and P-tau181t level in CSF. In PIGD group, PIGD severity was negatively correlated with homovanillic acid (HVA) level in CSF, and HVA level was positively correlated with Aβ1–42 level in CSF. PIGD was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment, which underlying mechanism might be involved in Aβ1–42 aggregation in brain and relevant neurochemical disturbance featured by the depletion of HVA in CSF.
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Picelli A, Varalta V, Melotti C, Zatezalo V, Fonte C, Amato S, Saltuari L, Santamato A, Fiore P, Smania N. Effects of treadmill training on cognitive and motor features of patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease: a pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 31:25-31. [PMID: 27027891 DOI: 10.11138/fneur/2016.31.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of treadmill training on cognitive and motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Seventeen persons with mild to moderate PD were enrolled. Nine patients were allocated to the Intervention group and received twelve 45-minute sessions of treadmill training: one session a day, three days a week, for four consecutive weeks. Eight patients were allocated to the Control group; these patients did not undergo physical training but were required to have regular social interactions, following a specific lifestyle program. All the patients were evaluated at baseline and one month later. The primary outcome measures were the Frontal Assessment Battery-Italian version (FAB-it) and the 6-minute walking test (6MWT). At the one month evaluation significant differences were found between the groups in their performance on the FAB-it (p=0.005) and the 6MWT (p=0.018). Our findings support the hypothesis that treadmill training might effectively improve cognitive and motor features in patients with PD.
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Swank C, Medley A, Thompson M, Trudelle-Jackson E, Barisa M. The effect of aerobic exercise on dual-task gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.11.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: Dual tasking exacerbates gait deficits in people with Parkinson's disease. This pilot study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on dual-task gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease and begin to identify the impact of volitional pedal rate. Methods: Twenty people with Parkinson's disease were recruited and tested at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up for motor (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) and dual-task gait (Time Up and Go) conditions (manual and cognitive). A 12-week aerobic exercise intervention of cycle ergometry was carried out three times a week for 60 minutes each session. To assess our intervention, separate repeated measures of analysis of variance were conducted. As determined a priori, to assess the impact of volitional pedal rate, participants were divided after the intervention into a high-pedal rate group (>60 rpm) and a low-pedal rate group (≤60 rpm) based upon average maximal pedal rate throughout the intervention and analysed with the Mann Whitney U test and Related Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Findings: Overall, motor function (P=0.580), cognitive function (P=0.077), and motor-cognitive interplay (P=0.168) did not improve after aerobic exercise. However, pedal rate groups were different for TUGmanual and TUGcognitive, but not on motor or cognitive function. Only low-pedal rate group improved over time (P=0.028 on TUGmanual) and demonstrated reduced dual task cost after the aerobic exercise (>Minimal Detectible Change of 18.1%). Conclusions: Though the low-pedal rate group experienced greater motor-cognitive interference, persons who pedalled at the slower rate demonstrated the most improvement in dual-task activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Swank
- Assistant professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Women's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann Medley
- Associate professor, director, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mary Thompson
- Professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark Barisa
- Director of Neuropsychology, Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation, Dallas, TX, USA
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Scharre DW, Chang SI, Nagaraja HN, Park A, Adeli A, Agrawal P, Kloos A, Kegelmeyer D, Linder S, Fritz N, Kostyk SK, Kataki M. Paired Studies Comparing Clinical Profiles of Lewy Body Dementia with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:995-1004. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Ing Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haikady N. Nagaraja
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ariane Park
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anahita Adeli
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Punit Agrawal
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne Kloos
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deb Kegelmeyer
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shannon Linder
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nora Fritz
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandra K. Kostyk
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Kataki
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Vitale C, Falco F, Trojano L, Erro R, Moccia M, Allocca R, Agosti V, Santangelo F, Barone P, Santangelo G. Neuropsychological correlates of Pisa syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:101-7. [PMID: 26427765 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex relationship exists between postural control and cognition in the elderly. Namely, neural mechanisms that are required for the regulation of posture have been variably associated with cognitive dysfunctions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly, and it has been associated with both cognitive and postural abnormalities such as Pisa syndrome (PS). Although its onset has been considered to be multifactorial, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning PS are still not fully explained. Until now, no study investigated the possible contribution of cognitive dysfunction to occurrence of PS in PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty PD patients with PS and 20 PD patients without PS were enrolled. All patients with PD underwent neuropsychological battery to assess behavioural disturbances, memory, attention, frontal/executive and visuospatial functions. RESULTS The two groups did not differ on demographic features, age at PD onset and disease duration, whereas they significantly differed on UPDRS-Part III, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD). MANCOVA with above-mentioned clinical variable as covariates revealed significant differences on tasks tapping verbal long-term memory, and attentional and visuoperceptual abilities between groups. The binary logistic regression revealed that higher LEDD and lower performance on visuospatial task (Benton Judgment of Lines Orientation test) significantly predicted occurrence of PS. CONCLUSION Our results revealed a significant association of PS with altered attention and visuoperceptual functions in PD, suggesting that the occurrence of PS may be associated with alteration of both frontal-striatal systems and posterior cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Vitale
- University Parthenope; Naples Italy
- IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - Fabrizia Falco
- Department of Psychology; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation; Scientific Institute of Telese; Telese Terme BN Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; Institute of Neurology; University College London (UCL); London UK
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Roberto Allocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Valeria Agosti
- University Parthenope; Naples Italy
- IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - Franco Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
- Department of Psychology; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
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Crouse JJ, Phillips JR, Jahanshahi M, Moustafa AA. Postural instability and falls in Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:549-55. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPostural instability (PI) is one of the most debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), as it is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent medical complications (e.g. fractures), fear of falling, decreased mobility, self-restricted physical activity, social isolation, and decreased quality of life. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PI in PD remain elusive. This short review provides a critical summary of the literature on PI in PD, covering the clinical features, the neural and cognitive substrates, and the effects of dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation. The delayed effect of dopaminergic medication combined with the success of extrastriatal deep brain stimulation suggests that PI involves neurotransmitter systems other than dopamine and brain regions extending beyond the basal ganglia, further challenging the traditional view of PD as a predominantly single-system neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Crouse
- 1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2214, Australia
| | - Joseph R. Phillips
- 1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2214, Australia
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- 2Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group and Unit of Functional Neurosurgery Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Schabrun SM, Lamont RM, Brauer SG. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Dual-Task Gait Training in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot RCT. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158497. [PMID: 27359338 PMCID: PMC4928827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of a combined anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and dual task gait training intervention in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and to provide data to support a sample size calculation for a fully powered trial should trends of effectiveness be present. Design A pilot, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled parallel group trial with 12 week follow-up. Setting A university physiotherapy department. Interventions Sixteen participants diagnosed with PD received nine dual task gait training sessions over 3 weeks. Participants were randomized to receive either active or sham tDCS applied for the first 20 minutes of each session. Main Measures The primary outcome was gait speed while undertaking concurrent cognitive tasks (word lists, counting, conversation). Secondary measures included step length, cadence, Timed Up and Go, bradykinesia and motor speed. Results Gait speed, step length and cadence improved in both groups, under all dual task conditions. This effect was maintained at follow-up. There was no difference between the active and sham tDCS groups. Time taken to perform the TUGwords also improved, with no difference between groups. The active tDCS group did however increase their correct cognitive response rate during the TUGwords and TUGcount. Bradykinesia improved after training in both groups. Conclusion Three weeks of dual task gait training resulted in improved gait under dual task conditions, and bradykinesia, immediately following training and at 12 weeks follow-up. The only parameter enhanced by tDCS was the number of correct responses while performing the dual task TUG. tDCS applied to M1 may not be an effective adjunct to dual task gait training in PD. Trial Registration Australia-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613001093774
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M. Schabrun
- Brain Rehabilitation and Neuroplasticity unit, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Robyn M. Lamont
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra G. Brauer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Motor Subtype as a Predictor of Future Working Memory Performance in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152534. [PMID: 27015637 PMCID: PMC4807780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with reduced spatial and verbal working memory ability. There are two established motor subtypes of PD, tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). This study used structural equation modelling to explore the longitudinal relationship between the two subtypes and working memory assessed at a 2-year follow-up. The study comprised 84 males and 30 females (N = 114), aged between 39 and 85 (M = 64.82, SD = 9.23) with confirmed PD. There was no significant relationship between motor subtype at Time 1 and working memory at Time 2. Postural symptom severity at Time 1 predicted Time 2 spatial working memory for the PIGD subtype (p = .011) but not the TD subtype. Tremor symptoms were not associated with Time 2 working memory in either subtype. Predictive significance of Time 1 postural symptoms only in the PIGD subtype suggests an interaction between symptom dominance (subtype) and symptom severity that future subtyping should consider. This study demonstrates a predictive relationship between postural difficulties and working memory performance assessed at a 2-year follow-up. Establishing physical symptoms as predictors of cognitive change could have significant clinical importance.
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Schwerk A, Altschüler J, Roch M, Gossen M, Winter C, Berg J, Kurtz A, Akyüz L, Steiner B. Adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells induce long-term neurogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and improve cognitive but not motor performance in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Regen Med 2016; 10:431-46. [PMID: 26022763 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are easily harvested, and possess anti-inflammatory and trophic properties. Furthermore, MSC promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis, which could greatly benefit neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. METHODS MSC were transplanted one week after 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning and effects were evaluated after 6 months. RESULTS MSC localized around the substantia nigra and the arachnoid mater, expressing pericyte and endothelial markers. MSC protected dopamine levels and upregulated peripheral anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, adipose-derived MSC increased neurogenesis in hippocampal and subventricular regions, and boosted memory functioning. CONCLUSION Considering that hyposmia and loss of memory function are two major nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, transplants with modulatory effects on the hippocampus and subventricular zone could provide a disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schwerk
- 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Roch
- 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,3Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- 4Department of Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Berg
- 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,3Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany
| | - Levent Akyüz
- 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,6Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Stuart S, Lord S, Hill E, Rochester L. Gait in Parkinson's disease: A visuo-cognitive challenge. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 62:76-88. [PMID: 26773722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vision and cognition have both been related to gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) through separate strands of research. The cumulative and interactive effect of both (which we term visuo-cognition) has not been previously investigated and little is known about the influence of cognition on vision with respect to gait. Understanding the role of vision, cognition and visuo-cognition in gait in PD is critical for data interpretation and to infer and test underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this comprehensive narrative review was to examine the interdependent and interactive role of cognition and vision in gait in PD and older adults. Evidence from a broad range of research disciplines was reviewed and summarised. A key finding was that attention appears to play a pivotal role in mediating gait, cognition and vision, and should be considered emphatically in future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stuart
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lord
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Prakash KG, Bannur BM, Chavan MD, Saniya K, Sailesh KS, Rajagopalan A. Neuroanatomical changes in Parkinson's disease in relation to cognition: An update. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2016; 7:123-126. [PMID: 27833890 PMCID: PMC5052937 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.191416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological changes underlying impairment of cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood till date. Hence, understanding the structural changes responsible for cognitive decline in PD is essential for early diagnosis and to offer effective treatment. In this review, we discuss the neuroanatomical changes in major brain structures responsible for cognition in PD. We have included the key findings of various studies to provide up-to-date information for better understanding of pathophysiology of PD, which will help researchers and clinicians in planning and developing new treatment methods for the benefit of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Prakash
- Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B M Bannur
- Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (B. L. D. E. University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavrao D Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - K Saniya
- Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Sai Sailesh
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Domellöf ME, Ekman U, Forsgren L, Elgh E. Cognitive function in the early phase of Parkinson's disease, a five-year follow-up. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 132:79-88. [PMID: 25644230 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a predictor for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) has been discussed from a clinical perspective. Recently, a Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned Task Force published guidelines for PD-MCI. However, long-term follow-ups of the PD-MCI guidelines for the prediction of PDD have been sparse. METHOD In a community-based cohort of PD, the MDS guidelines for PD-MCI and consensus criteria for PDD were applied on 147 subjects. The predictive ability of PD-MCI for PDD was investigated. Additionally, baseline comparisons were conducted between MCI that converted to PDD and those who did not, and evolvement of motor function was investigated. RESULTS One fourth of the population developed PDD. MCI and age at baseline predicted later occurrence of PDD, and baseline results of tests measuring episodic memory, visuospatial function, semantic fluency, and mental flexibility differed between MCI converters and non-converters. Postural instability/gait (PIGD) phenotype and education did not predict later occurrence of PDD, but increased postural/gait disturbances were shown across time in those developing dementia. CONCLUSION The new PD-MCI guidelines are useful to detect patients at risk for developing PDD. The PIGD phenotype at diagnosis was not a predictor of PDD within 5 years, but the study supports a temporal association between postural/gait disturbances and PDD. Older patients with PD-MCI at baseline with decline in episodic memory, semantic fluency, and mental flexibility need to be carefully monitored regarding cognition and likely also for fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Domellöf
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - U. Ekman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Umeå center of functional Brain Imaging; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - L. Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - E. Elgh
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation; Geriatric Medicine; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
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The range and nature of non-motor symptoms in drug-naive Parkinson's disease patients: a state-of-the-art systematic review. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 1:15013. [PMID: 28725682 PMCID: PMC5516558 DOI: 10.1038/npjparkd.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are a key component of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A range of NMS, most notably impaired sense of smell, sleep dysfunction, and dysautonomia are present from the ‘pre-motor’ phase to the final palliative stage. Theories as to the pathogenesis of PD such as those proposed by Braak and others also support the occurrence of NMS in PD years before motor symptoms start. However, research addressing the range and nature of NMS in PD has been confounded by the fact that many NMS arise as part of drug-related side effects. Thus, drug-naive PD (DNPD) patients provide an ideal population to study the differences in the presentation of NMS. The aim of this paper is therefore to systematically review all the available studies of NMS in DNPD patients. We believe this is the first review of its kind. The current review confirms the increasing research being conducted into NMS in DNPD patients as well as the necessity for further investigation into less-studied NMS, such as pain. Moreover, the data confirms non-motor heterogeneity among PD patients, and, therefore, further research into the concept of non-motor subtyping is encouraged. The review suggests that the clinical assessment of NMS should be integral to any assessment of PD in clinical and research settings.
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