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Kamano S, Ozawa D, Ikenaka K, Nagai Y. Role of Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8935. [PMID: 39201619 PMCID: PMC11354291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) and its accumulation as Lewy bodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism by which αSyn aggregates in the brain remains unclear. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that αSyn interacts with lipids, and these interactions affect the aggregation process of αSyn. Furthermore, genetic studies have identified mutations in lipid metabolism-associated genes such as glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) and synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) in sporadic and familial forms of PD, respectively. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in triggering αSyn aggregation in the pathogenesis of PD and propose the possibility of modulating the interaction of lipids with αSyn as a potential therapy for PD.
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Grants
- 24H00630 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02840 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 17K19658 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05927 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16ek0109018 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0109222 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 30-3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 30-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 3-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 6-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kamano
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Wang C, Liu H, Li XY, Ma J, Gu Z, Feng X, Xie S, Tang BS, Chen S, Wang W, Wang J, Zhang J, Chan P. High-depth whole-genome sequencing identifies structure variants, copy number variants and short tandem repeats associated with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:134. [PMID: 39043730 PMCID: PMC11266557 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While numerous single nucleotide variants and small indels have been identified in Parkinson's disease (PD), the contribution of structural variants (SVs), copy number variants (CNVs), and short tandem repeats (STRs) remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the association using the high-depth whole-genome sequencing data from 466 Chinese PD patients and 513 controls. Totally, we identified 29,561 SVs, 32,153 CNVs, and 174,905 STRs, and found that CNV deletions were significantly enriched in the end-proportion of autosomal chromosomes in PD. After genome-wide association analysis and replication in an external cohort of 352 cases and 547 controls, we validated that the 1.6 kb-deletion neighboring MUC19, 12.4kb-deletion near RXFP1 and GGGAAA repeats in SLC2A13 were significantly associated with PD. Moreover, the MUC19 deletion and the SLC2A13 5-copy repeat reduced the penetrance of the LRRK2 G2385R variant. Moreover, genes with these variants were dosage-sensitive. These data provided novel insights into the genetic architecture of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hankui Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhuqin Gu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- National Human Genome Center in Beijing, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shu Xie
- National Human Genome Center in Beijing, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Hebei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Genomics in Maternal & Child Health, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Wang X, Xu P, Bentley-DeSousa A, Hancock-Cerutti W, Cai S, Johnson BT, Tonelli F, Talaia G, Alessi DR, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Lysosome damage triggers acute formation of ER to lysosomes membrane tethers mediated by the bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598070. [PMID: 38895395 PMCID: PMC11185796 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Based on genetic studies, lysosome dysfunction is thought to play a pathogenetic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that VPS13C, a bridge-like lipid transport protein and a PD gene, is a sensor of lysosome stress/damage. Upon lysosome membrane perturbation, VPS13C rapidly relocates from the cytosol to the surface of lysosomes where it tethers their membranes to the ER. This recruitment depends on Rab7 and requires release of a brake, most likely an intramolecular interaction within VPS13C, which hinders access of its VAB domain to lysosome-bound Rab7. While another PD protein, LRRK2, is also recruited to stressed/damaged lysosomes, its recruitment occurs at much later stages and by different mechanisms. Given the putative role of VPS13 proteins in bulk lipid transport, these findings suggest lipid delivery to lysosomes by VPS13C is part of an early response to lysosome damage.
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4
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Schrӧder LF, Peng W, Gao G, Wong YC, Schwake M, Krainc D. VPS13C regulates phospho-Rab10-mediated lysosomal function in human dopaminergic neurons. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202304042. [PMID: 38358348 PMCID: PMC10868123 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202304042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in VPS13C are linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). While VPS13C has been previously studied in non-neuronal cells, the neuronal role of VPS13C in disease-relevant human dopaminergic neurons has not been elucidated. Using live-cell microscopy, we investigated the role of VPS13C in regulating lysosomal dynamics and function in human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Loss of VPS13C in dopaminergic neurons disrupts lysosomal morphology and dynamics with increased inter-lysosomal contacts, leading to impaired lysosomal motility and cellular distribution, as well as defective lysosomal hydrolytic activity and acidification. We identified Rab10 as a phospho-dependent interactor of VPS13C on lysosomes and observed a decreased phospho-Rab10-mediated lysosomal stress response upon loss of VPS13C. These findings highlight an important role of VPS13C in regulating lysosomal homeostasis in human dopaminergic neurons and suggest that disruptions in Rab10-mediated lysosomal stress response contribute to disease pathogenesis in VPS13C-linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F. Schrӧder
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wesley Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Ugur B, Schueder F, Shin J, Hanna MG, Wu Y, Leonzino M, Su M, McAdow AR, Wilson C, Postlethwait J, Solnica-Krezel L, Bewersdorf J, De Camilli P. VPS13B is localized at the cis-trans Golgi complex interface and is a functional partner of FAM177A1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572081. [PMID: 38187698 PMCID: PMC10769246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13B, a member of a protein family implicated in bulk lipid transport between adjacent membranes, cause Cohen syndrome. VPS13B is known to be concentrated in the Golgi complex, but its precise location within this organelle and thus the site(s) where it achieves lipid transport remains unclear. Here we show that VPS13B is localized at the interface between cis and trans Golgi sub-compartments and that Golgi complex re-formation after Brefeldin A (BFA) induced disruption is delayed in VPS13B KO cells. This delay is phenocopied by loss of FAM177A1, a Golgi complex protein of unknown function reported to be a VPS13B interactor and whose mutations also result in a developmental disorder. In zebrafish, the vps13b orthologue, not previously annotated in this organism, genetically interacts with fam177a1. Collectively, these findings raise the possibility that bulk lipid transport by VPS13B may play a role in expanding Golgi membranes and that VPS13B may be assisted in this function by FAM177A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ugur
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florian Schueder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony R. McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Hanna M, Guillén-Samander A, De Camilli P. RBG Motif Bridge-Like Lipid Transport Proteins: Structure, Functions, and Open Questions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2023; 39:409-434. [PMID: 37406299 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-014634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The life of eukaryotic cells requires the transport of lipids between membranes, which are separated by the aqueous environment of the cytosol. Vesicle-mediated traffic along the secretory and endocytic pathways and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) cooperate in this transport. Until recently, known LTPs were shown to carry one or a few lipids at a time and were thought to mediate transport by shuttle-like mechanisms. Over the last few years, a new family of LTPs has been discovered that is defined by a repeating β-groove (RBG) rod-like structure with a hydrophobic channel running along their entire length. This structure and the localization of these proteins at membrane contact sites suggest a bridge-like mechanism of lipid transport. Mutations in some of these proteins result in neurodegenerative and developmental disorders. Here we review the known properties and well-established or putative physiological roles of these proteins, and we highlight the many questions that remain open about their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrés Guillén-Samander
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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7
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Flores-Leon M, Outeiro TF. More than meets the eye in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: from proteinopathy to lipidopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:369-385. [PMID: 37421475 PMCID: PMC10412683 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD and DLB are inclusions, known as Lewy bodies (LBs), enriched not only in α-synuclein (aSyn), but also in lipid species, organelles, membranes, and even nucleic acids. Furthermore, several genetic risk factors for PD are mutations in genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as GBA1, VSP35, or PINK1. Thus, it is not surprising that mechanisms that have been implicated in PD, such as inflammation, altered intracellular and vesicular trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in the protein degradation systems, may be also directly or indirectly connected through lipid homeostasis. In this review, we highlight and discuss the recent evidence that suggests lipid biology as important drivers of PD, and which require renovated attention by neuropathologists. Particularly, we address the implication of lipids in aSyn accumulation and in the spreading of aSyn pathology, in mitochondrial dysfunction, and in ER stress. Together, this suggests we should broaden the view of PD not only as a proteinopathy but also as a lipidopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Flores-Leon
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
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8
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Pandey R, Bakay M, Hakonarson H. CLEC16A-An Emerging Master Regulator of Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098224. [PMID: 37175930 PMCID: PMC10179542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CLEC16A is emerging as an important genetic risk factor for several autoimmune disorders and for Parkinson disease (PD), opening new avenues for translational research and therapeutic development. While the exact role of CLEC16A in health and disease is still being elucidated, the gene plays a critical role in the regulation of autophagy, mitophagy, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, immune function, and in biological processes such as insulin secretion and others that are important to cellular homeostasis. As shown in both human and animal modeling studies, CLEC16A hypofunction predisposes to both autoinflammatory phenotype and neurodegeneration. While the two are clearly related, further functional studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved for optimized therapeutic interventions. Based on recent data, mitophagy-inducing drugs may be warranted, and such therapy should be tested in clinical trials as these drugs would tackle the underlying pathogenic mechanism (s) and could treat or prevent symptoms of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in individuals with CLEC16A risk variants. Accordingly, interventions directed at reversing the dysregulated mitophagy and the consequences of loss of function of CLEC16A without activating other detrimental cellular pathways could present an effective therapy. This review presents the emerging role of CLEC16A in health and disease and provides an update on the disease processes that are attributed to variants located in the CLEC16A gene, which are responsible for autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration with emphasis on how this information is being translated into practical and effective applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
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9
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Guillén-Samander A, De Camilli P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Contact Sites, Lipid Transport, and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041257. [PMID: 36123033 PMCID: PMC10071438 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an endomembrane system that plays a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology and populates even the most distal cell compartments, including dendritic tips and axon terminals of neurons. Some of its functions are achieved by a cross talk with other intracellular membranous organelles and with the plasma membrane at membrane contacts sites (MCSs). As the ER synthesizes most membrane lipids, lipid exchanges mediated by lipid transfer proteins at MCSs are a particularly important aspect of this cross talk, which synergizes with the cross talk mediated by vesicular transport. Several mutations of genes that encode proteins localized at ER MCSs result in familial neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the importance of the normal lipid traffic within cells for a healthy brain. Here, we provide an overview of such diseases, with a specific focus on proteins that directly or indirectly impact lipid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Guillén-Samander
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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10
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Yahya V, Di Fonzo A, Monfrini E. Genetic Evidence for Endolysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076338. [PMID: 37047309 PMCID: PMC10094484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population, and no disease-modifying therapy has been approved to date. The pathogenesis of PD has been related to many dysfunctional cellular mechanisms, however, most of its monogenic forms are caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in endolysosomal function (LRRK2, VPS35, VPS13C, and ATP13A2) and synaptic vesicle trafficking (SNCA, RAB39B, SYNJ1, and DNAJC6). Moreover, an extensive search for PD risk variants revealed strong risk variants in several lysosomal genes (e.g., GBA1, SMPD1, TMEM175, and SCARB2) highlighting the key role of lysosomal dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Furthermore, large genetic studies revealed that PD status is associated with the overall “lysosomal genetic burden”, namely the cumulative effect of strong and weak risk variants affecting lysosomal genes. In this context, understanding the complex mechanisms of impaired vesicular trafficking and dysfunctional endolysosomes in dopaminergic neurons of PD patients is a fundamental step to identifying precise therapeutic targets and developing effective drugs to modify the neurodegenerative process in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidal Yahya
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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11
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McEwan DG, Ryan KM. ATG2 and VPS13 proteins: molecular highways transporting lipids to drive membrane expansion and organelle communication. FEBS J 2022; 289:7113-7127. [PMID: 34783437 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Communication between organelles is an essential process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis and organelle contact sites have recently emerged as crucial mediators of this communication. The emergence of a class of molecular bridges that span the inter-organelle gaps has now been shown to direct the flow of lipid traffic from one lipid bilayer to another. One of the key components of these molecular bridges is the presence of an N-terminal Chorein/VPS13 domain. This is an evolutionarily conserved domain present in multiple proteins within the endocytic and autophagy trafficking pathways. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of this class of proteins, focusing on the role of these lipid transporters in the autophagy and endocytic pathways. We discuss the recent biochemical and structural advances that have highlighted the essential role Chorein-N domain containing ATG2 proteins play in driving the formation of the autophagosome and how lipids are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the growing phagophore. We also consider the VPS13 proteins, their role in organelle contacts and the endocytic pathway and highlight how disease-causing mutations disrupt these contact sites. Finally, we open the door to discuss other Chorein_N domain containing proteins, for instance, UHRF1BP1/1L, their role in disease and look towards prokaryote examples of Chorein_N-like domains. Taken together, recent advances have highlighted an exciting opportunity to delve deeper into inter-organelle communication and understand how lipids are transported between membrane bilayers and how this process is disrupted in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Wu Z, Xu P, Yadavalli N, Leonzino M, Tharkeshwar AK, Ferguson SM, Shadel GS, De Camilli P. ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106046. [PMID: 35657605 PMCID: PMC9170524 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13C cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established that VPS13C encodes a lipid transfer protein localized to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes. In the current study, we demonstrate that depleting VPS13C in HeLa cells causes an accumulation of lysosomes with an altered lipid profile, including an accumulation of di-22:6-BMP, a biomarker of the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. In addition, the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, which was recently implicated in PD pathogenesis, is activated in these cells. This activation results from a combination of elevated mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and a defect in the degradation of activated STING, a lysosome-dependent process. These results suggest a link between ER-lysosome lipid transfer and innate immune activation in a model human cell line and place VPS13C in pathways relevant to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- MD/PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Narayana Yadavalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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13
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Vrijsen S, Vrancx C, Del Vecchio M, Swinnen JV, Agostinis P, Winderickx J, Vangheluwe P, Annaert W. Inter-organellar Communication in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: Looking Beyond Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:900338. [PMID: 35801175 PMCID: PMC9253489 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are generally considered proteinopathies but whereas this may initiate disease in familial cases, onset in sporadic diseases may originate from a gradually disrupted organellar homeostasis. Herein, endolysosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and altered lipid metabolism are commonly observed in early preclinical stages of major NDs, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the multitude of underlying defective molecular mechanisms that have been suggested in the past decades, dysregulation of inter-organellar communication through the so-called membrane contact sites (MCSs) is becoming increasingly apparent. Although MCSs exist between almost every other type of subcellular organelle, to date, most focus has been put on defective communication between the ER and mitochondria in NDs, given these compartments are critical in neuronal survival. Contributions of other MCSs, notably those with endolysosomes and lipid droplets are emerging, supported as well by genetic studies, identifying genes functionally involved in lysosomal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the molecular identity of the organelle interactome in yeast and mammalian cells, and critically evaluate the evidence supporting the contribution of disturbed MCSs to the general disrupted inter-organellar homeostasis in NDs, taking PD and AD as major examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vrijsen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, VIB-Center for Cancer Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Lange LM, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Rajalingam R, Tijssen MAJ, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Gabbert C, Ganos C, Ghosh R, Kumar KR, Lang AE, Rossi M, van der Veen S, van de Warrenburg B, Warner T, Lohmann K, Klein C, Marras C. Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force - An Update. Mov Disord 2022; 37:905-935. [PMID: 35481685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders presented a new system for naming genetically determined movement disorders and provided a criterion-based list of confirmed monogenic movement disorders. Since then, a substantial number of novel disease-causing genes have been described, which warrant classification using this system. In addition, with this update, we further refined the system and propose dissolving the imaging-based categories of Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and reclassifying these genetic conditions according to their predominant phenotype. We also introduce the novel category of Mixed Movement Disorders (MxMD), which includes conditions linked to multiple equally prominent movement disorder phenotypes. In this article, we present updated lists of newly confirmed monogenic causes of movement disorders. We found a total of 89 different newly identified genes that warrant a prefix based on our criteria; 6 genes for parkinsonism, 21 for dystonia, 38 for dominant and recessive ataxia, 5 for chorea, 7 for myoclonus, 13 for spastic paraplegia, 3 for paroxysmal movement disorders, and 6 for mixed movement disorder phenotypes; 10 genes were linked to combined phenotypes and have been assigned two new prefixes. The updated lists represent a resource for clinicians and researchers alike and they have also been published on the website of the Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders on the homepage of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Committees--Other-Groups/MDS-Task-Forces/Task-Force-on-Nomenclature-in-Movement-Disorders.htm). © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhia Ghosh
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Warner
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Udayar V, Chen Y, Sidransky E, Jagasia R. Lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegeneration: emerging concepts and methods. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:184-199. [PMID: 35034773 PMCID: PMC8854344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of lysosomes has come a long way since the initial discovery of their role in degrading cellular waste. The lysosome is now recognized as a highly dynamic organelle positioned at the crossroads of cell signaling, transcription, and metabolism. Underscoring its importance is the observation that, in addition to rare monogenic lysosomal storage disorders, genes regulating lysosomal function are implicated in common sporadic neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Developing therapies for these disorders is particularly challenging, largely due to gaps in knowledge of the underlying molecular and cellular processes. In this review, we discuss technological advances that have propelled deeper understanding of the lysosome in neurodegeneration, from elucidating the functions of lysosome-related disease risk variants at the level of the organelle, cell, and tissue, to the development of disease-specific biological models that recapitulate disease manifestations. Finally, we identify key questions to be addressed to successfully bridge the gap to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Udayar
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yu Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Monfrini E, Spagnolo F, Canesi M, Seresini A, Passarella B, Percetti M, Seia M, Goldwurm S, Cereda V, Comi GP, Pezzoli G, Di Fonzo A. VPS13C-associated Parkinson's disease: Two novel cases and review of the literature. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 94:37-39. [PMID: 34875562 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
VPS13C is a protein-coding gene involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function through the endolysosomal pathway in neurons. Homozygous and compound heterozygous VPS13C mutations are etiologically associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, recent studies linked biallelic VPS13C mutations with the development of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Neuropathological studies on two mutated subjects showed diffuse Lewy body disease. In this article, we report the clinical and genetic findings of two subjects affected by early-onset PD carrying three novel VPS13C mutations (i.e., one homozygous and one compound heterozygous), and review the previous literature on the genetic and clinical findings of VPS13C-mutated patients, contributing to the knowledge of this rare genetic alpha-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Canesi
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, 'Moriggia-Pelascini' Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy; Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Seresini
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Passarella
- Neurological Department, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Marco Percetti
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Seia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Cereda
- Department of Parkinson's Disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, 'Moriggia-Pelascini' Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy; Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Schechter M, Sharon R. An Emerging Role for Phosphoinositides in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1725-1750. [PMID: 34151859 PMCID: PMC8609718 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent data support an involvement of defects in homeostasis of phosphoinositides (PIPs) in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Genetic mutations have been identified in genes encoding for PIP-regulating and PIP-interacting proteins, that are associated with familial and sporadic PD. Many of these proteins are implicated in vesicular membrane trafficking, mechanisms that were recently highlighted for their close associations with PD. PIPs are phosphorylated forms of the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol. Their composition in the vesicle’s membrane of origin, as well as membrane of destination, controls vesicular membrane trafficking. We review the converging evidence that points to the involvement of PIPs in PD. The review describes PD- and PIP-associated proteins implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy, and highlights the involvement of α-synuclein in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Schechter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Sharon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Leonzino M, Reinisch KM, De Camilli P. Insights into VPS13 properties and function reveal a new mechanism of eukaryotic lipid transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159003. [PMID: 34216812 PMCID: PMC8325632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of protein mediated lipid transfer between intracellular membranes has been known since the late 1960's. Since these early discoveries, numerous proteins responsible for such transport, which often act at membrane contact sites, have been identified. Typically, they comprise a lipid harboring module thought to shuttle back and forth between the two adjacent bilayers. Recently, however, studies of the chorein domain protein family, which includes VPS13 and ATG2, has led to the identification of a novel mechanism of lipid transport between organelles in eukaryotic cells mediated by a rod-like protein bridge with a hydrophobic groove through which lipids can slide. This mechanism is ideally suited for bulk transport of bilayer lipids to promote membrane growth. Here we describe how studies of VPS13 led to the discovery of this new mechanism, summarize properties and known roles of VPS13 proteins, and discuss how their dysfunction may lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Karin M Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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19
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Bastioli G, Regoni M, Cazzaniga F, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Zanetti L, Moda F, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070812. [PMID: 34356877 PMCID: PMC8301401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Letizia Zanetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen YP, Gu XJ, Song W, Hou YB, Ou RW, Zhang LY, Liu KC, Su WM, Cao B, Wei QQ, Zhao B, Wu Y, Shang HF. Rare Variants Analysis of Lysosomal Related Genes in Early-Onset and Familial Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Cohort. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1845-1855. [PMID: 34250953 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have indicated that variants in several lysosomal genes are risk factors for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of lysosomal genes in PD in Asian populations is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze rare variants in lysosomal related genes in Chinese population with early-onset and familial PD. METHODS In total, 1,136 participants, including 536 and 600 patients with sporadic early-onset PD (SEOPD) and familial PD, respectively, underwent whole-exome sequencing to assess the genetic etiology. Rare variants in PD were investigated in 67 candidate lysosomal related genes (LRGs), including 15 lysosomal function-related genes and 52 lysosomal storage disorder genes. RESULTS Compared with the autosomal dominant PD (ADPD) or SEOPD cohorts, a much higher proportion of patients with multiple rare damaging variants of LRGs were found in the autosomal recessive PD (ARPD) cohort. At a gene level, rare damaging variants in GBA and MAN2B1 were enriched in PD, but in SCARB2, MCOLN1, LYST, VPS16, and VPS13C were much less in patients. At an allele level, GBA p. Leu483Pro was found to increase the risk of PD. Genotype-phenotype correlation showed no significance in the clinical features among patients carrying a discrepant number of rare variants in LRGs. CONCLUSION Our study suggests rare variants in LRGs might be more important in the pathogenicity of ARPD cases compared with ADPD or SEOPD. We further confirm rare variants in GBA are involve in PD pathogenecity and other genes associated with PD identified in this study should be supported with more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Gu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Bing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ru-Wei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun-Cheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Ming Su
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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21
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Karimzadeh MR, Omidi F, Sahebalzamani A, Saeidi K. A Novel VPS13B Mutation Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing in Iranian Patients with Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2566-2574. [PMID: 34041686 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is caused by homozygous mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2. The VPS13B protein is involved in transmembrane transport, Golgi integrity, and neuritogenesis. Clinical manifestations of Cohen syndrome are mainly intellectual disability, developmental delay, facial abnormalities, and eye disorders. This study aimed to identify the causative variant in two unrelated families with Cohen syndrome. To this end, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the pathogenic variants. A homozygous nonsense variant (NM_017890:c.10369C > T; NP_060360.3: p.Q3457X) in the VPS13B gene was identified and co-segregated with all affected individuals in both families. In silico analysis highly suggested this variant as damaging for protein function. The present study increases the mutation spectrum of the VPS13B gene and could be useful in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in Cohen syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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22
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The contribution of CNVs to the most common aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1187-1195. [PMID: 32026430 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases are neurodegenerative aging-related pathological conditions, mainly caused by the interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors and whose incidence rate is going to drastically increase given the growing life expectancy. To address these complex multifactorial traits, a systems biology strategy is needed to highlight genotype-phenotype correlations as well as overlapping gene signatures. Copy number variants (CNVs) are structural chromosomal imbalances that can have pathogenic nature causing or contributing to the disease onset or progression. Moreover, neurons affected by CNVs have been found to decline in number depending on age in healthy controls and may be selectively vulnerable to aging-related cell-death. In this review, we aim to update the reader on the role of these variations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. To widen the comprehension of pathogenic mechanisms underlying them, we discuss variations detected from blood or brain specimens, as well as overlapped signatures between the two pathologies.
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23
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Rudakou U, Yu E, Krohn L, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Dauvilliers Y, Spiegelman D, Greenbaum L, Fahn S, Waters CH, Dupré N, Rouleau GA, Hassin-Baer S, Fon EA, Alcalay RN, Gan-Or Z. Targeted sequencing of Parkinson's disease loci genes highlights SYT11, FGF20 and other associations. Brain 2021; 144:462-472. [PMID: 33349842 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with Parkinson's disease. The specific genes and variants that drive the associations within the vast majority of these loci are unknown. We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of selected genes to determine the potential role of rare and common genetic variants within these loci. We fully sequenced 32 genes from 25 loci previously associated with Parkinson's disease in 2657 patients and 3647 controls from three cohorts. Capture was done using molecular inversion probes targeting the exons, exon-intron boundaries and untranslated regions (UTRs) of the genes of interest, followed by sequencing. Quality control was performed to include only high-quality variants. We examined the role of rare variants (minor allele frequency < 0.01) using optimized sequence Kernel association tests. The association of common variants was estimated using regression models adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity as required in each cohort, followed by a meta-analysis. After Bonferroni correction, we identified a burden of rare variants in SYT11, FGF20 and GCH1 associated with Parkinson's disease. Nominal associations were identified in 21 additional genes. Previous reports suggested that the SYT11 GWAS association is driven by variants in the nearby GBA gene. However, the association of SYT11 was mainly driven by a rare 3' UTR variant (rs945006601) and was independent of GBA variants (P = 5.23 × 10-5 after exclusion of all GBA variant carriers). The association of FGF20 was driven by a rare 5' UTR variant (rs1034608171) located in the promoter region. The previously reported association of GCH1 with Parkinson's disease is driven by rare non-synonymous variants, some of which are known to cause dopamine-responsive dystonia. We also identified two LRRK2 variants, p.Arg793Met and p.Gln1353Lys, in 10 and eight controls, respectively, but not in patients. We identified common variants associated with Parkinson's disease in MAPT, TMEM175, BST1, SNCA and GPNMB, which are all in strong linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS hits in their respective loci. A common coding PM20D1 variant, p.Ile149Val, was nominally associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.89, P = 1.161 × 10-3). This variant is not in linkage disequilibrium with the top GWAS hits within this locus and may represent a novel association. These results further demonstrate the importance of fine mapping of GWAS loci, and suggest that SYT11, FGF20, and potentially PM20D1, BST1 and GPNMB should be considered for future studies as possible Parkinson's disease-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cheryl H Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Movement Disorders Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Edward A Fon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
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24
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Association between VPS13C rs2414739 polymorphism and Parkinson's disease risk: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135879. [PMID: 33838259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the role of vacuolar protein sorting 13C (VPS13C) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2414739 variant in the risk of PD by meta-analysis. METHODS Five eligible case-control studies including 2796 PD cases and 4138 health controls involved in this meta-analysis. The fixed or random effect model was selected based on the heterogeneity of the included studies which detected by I2 and Q tests. The association between rs2414739 polymorphism and the risk of PD was evaluated using the pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI). Sensitivity analysis was used to test the stability of the results. Funnel plot and Begg's test were employed to verified publication bias. RESULTS The results of our meta-analysis showed a significant correlation between VPS13C rs2424739 gene polymorphism and PD susceptibility in Allele model (A versus vs. G: OR = 1.14, 95 %CI = 1.05-1.23, p = 0.002), dominant model (GG + AG vs. AA: OR = 0.86, 95 %CI = 0.78-0.95, p = 0.004), heterozygote model (AG vs. AA: OR = 0.87, 95 %CI = 0.77-0.99, p = 0.04), homozygote model (GG vs. AA: OR = 0.76, 95 %CI = 0.60-0.96, p = 0.02). Surprisingly, we did not find a significant statistical difference between VPS13C rs2414739 polymorphism and PD risk in Chinese cohort in the regional stratified analysis. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that VPS13C rs2414739 polymorphism might act as a genetic predisposition factor for PD, whereas does not include Chinese population.
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25
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Smolders S, Philtjens S, Crosiers D, Sieben A, Hens E, Heeman B, Van Mossevelde S, Pals P, Asselbergh B, Dos Santos Dias R, Vermeiren Y, Vandenberghe R, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Cras P, Annaert W, Van Broeckhoven C. Contribution of rare homozygous and compound heterozygous VPS13C missense mutations to dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 33579389 PMCID: PMC7881566 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are clinically, pathologically and etiologically disorders embedded in the Lewy body disease (LBD) continuum, characterized by neuronal α-synuclein pathology. Rare homozygous and compound heterozygous premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13 homolog C gene (VPS13C) are associated with early-onset recessive PD. We observed in two siblings with early-onset age (< 45) and autopsy confirmed DLB, compound heterozygous missense mutations in VPS13C, p.Trp395Cys and p.Ala444Pro, inherited from their healthy parents in a recessive manner. In lymphoblast cells of the index patient, the missense mutations reduced VPS13C expression by 90% (p = 0.0002). Subsequent, we performed targeted resequencing of VPS13C in 844 LBD patients and 664 control persons. Using the optimized sequence kernel association test, we obtained a significant association (p = 0.0233) of rare VPS13C genetic variants (minor allele frequency ≤ 1%) with LBD. Among the LBD patients, we identified one patient with homozygous missense mutations and three with compound heterozygous missense mutations in trans position, indicative for recessive inheritance. In four patients with compound heterozygous mutations, we were unable to determine trans position. The frequency of LBD patient carriers of proven recessive compound heterozygous missense mutations is 0.59% (5/844). In autopsy brain tissue of two unrelated LBD patients, the recessive compound heterozygous missense mutations reduced VPS13C expression. Overexpressing of wild type or mutant VPS13C in HeLa or SH-SY5Y cells, demonstrated that the mutations p.Trp395Cys or p.Ala444Pro, abolish the endosomal/lysosomal localization of VPS13C. Overall, our data indicate that rare missense mutations in VPS13C are associated with LBD and recessive compound heterozygous missense mutations might have variable effects on the expression and functioning of VPS13C. We conclude that comparable to the recessive inherited PTC mutations in VPS13C, combinations of rare recessive compound heterozygous missense mutations reduce VPS13C expression and contribute to increased risk of LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Smolders
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Philtjens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Crosiers
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Hens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bavo Heeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Pals
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roberto Dos Santos Dias
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Brain and Disease Research VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Brain and Disease Research VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Ugur B, Hancock-Cerutti W, Leonzino M, De Camilli P. Role of VPS13, a protein with similarity to ATG2, in physiology and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:61-68. [PMID: 32563856 PMCID: PMC7746581 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved VPS13 family proteins have been implicated in several cellular processes. Mutations in each of the four human VPS13s cause neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. Until recently, the molecular function of VPS13 remained elusive. Genetic, functional and structural studies have now revealed that VPS13 acts at contact sites between intracellular organelles to transport lipids by a novel mechanism: direct transfer between bilayers via a hydrophobic channel that spans its entire rod-like N-terminal half. Predicted similarities to the autophagy protein ATG2 suggested a similar role for ATG2 that has now been confirmed by structural and functional studies. Here, after a brief review of this evidence, we discuss what is known of human VPS13 proteins in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ugur
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William Hancock-Cerutti
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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27
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Kobayashi R, Naruse H, Koyama S, Kawakatsu S, Hayashi H, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Ohta Y, Toda T, Tsuji S, Otani K. Familial dementia with Lewy bodies with VPS13C mutations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:31-33. [PMID: 33039764 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Koyama
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kawakatsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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28
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Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson's disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:1001-1024. [PMID: 32172343 PMCID: PMC7244618 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the occurrence of α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing in 52 early-onset PD patients and identified 3 carriers of compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP10B P4-type ATPase gene. Genetic screening of a Belgian PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) cohort identified 4 additional compound heterozygous mutation carriers (6/617 PD patients, 0.97%; 1/226 DLB patients, 0.44%). We established that ATP10B encodes a late endo-lysosomal lipid flippase that translocates the lipids glucosylceramide (GluCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. The PD associated ATP10B mutants are catalytically inactive and fail to provide cellular protection against the environmental PD risk factors rotenone and manganese. In isolated cortical neurons, loss of ATP10B leads to general lysosomal dysfunction and cell death. Impaired lysosomal functionality and integrity is well known to be implicated in PD pathology and linked to multiple causal PD genes and genetic risk factors. Our results indicate that recessive loss of function mutations in ATP10B increase risk for PD by disturbed lysosomal export of GluCer and PC. Both ATP10B and glucocerebrosidase 1, encoded by the PD risk gene GBA1, reduce lysosomal GluCer levels, emerging lysosomal GluCer accumulation as a potential PD driver.
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29
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Gu X, Li C, Chen Y, Ou R, Cao B, Wei Q, Hou Y, Zhang L, Song W, Zhao B, Wu Y, Shang H. Mutation screening and burden analysis of VPS13C in Chinese patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:311.e1-311.e4. [PMID: 32507414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13C (VPS13C) gene can cause autosomal recessive parkinsonism via mitochondrial pathway. The present study aimed to screen the mutations of VPS13C in a cohort of Chinese patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) and further explore its pathogenicity via burden analysis. A total of 669 patients with EOPD were sequenced with whole-exome sequencing and analyzed homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in VPS13C. Moreover, rare variants with minor allele frequency <0.1% were included in the burden analysis. In total, 7 (1.05%) patients with EOPD carried compound heterozygous mutations in VPS13C, including 3 patients with novel compound heterozygous missense mutations and 4 patients with at least 1 nonsense or splicing-site mutations. Furthermore, burden analysis indicated that patients with EOPD had an enrichment of rare variants in VPS13C. In conclusion, our findings of compound missense mutations expanded the mutation spectrum of VPS13C in EOPD. Burden analysis further elucidated the importance of VPS13C in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Gu
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Rare disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Smolders S, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic perspective on the synergistic connection between vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32375870 PMCID: PMC7201634 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) are symptomatically characterized by parkinsonism, with the latter presenting additionally a distinctive range of atypical features. Although the majority of patients with PD and APS appear to be sporadic, genetic causes of several rare monogenic disease variants were identified. The knowledge acquired from these genetic factors indicated that defects in vesicular transport pathways, endo-lysosomal dysfunction, impaired autophagy-lysosomal protein and organelle degradation pathways, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, membrane dynamics are increasingly recognized as a key player in the disease pathogenesis due lipid homeostasis alterations, associated with lysosomal dysfunction, caused by mutations in several PD and APS genes. The importance of lysosomal dysfunction and lipid homeostasis is strengthened by both genetic discoveries and clinical epidemiology of the association between parkinsonism and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), caused by the disruption of lysosomal biogenesis or function. A synergistic coordination between vesicular trafficking, lysosomal and mitochondria defects exist whereby mutations in PD and APS genes encoding proteins primarily involved one PD pathway are frequently associated with defects in other PD pathways as a secondary effect. Moreover, accumulating clinical and genetic observations suggest more complex inheritance patters of familial PD exist, including oligogenic and polygenic inheritance of genes in the same or interconnected PD pathways, further strengthening their synergistic connection.Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PD and APS genes with functions in vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways, and highlight functional and genetic evidence of the synergistic connection between these PD associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Smolders
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Rudakou U, Ruskey JA, Krohn L, Laurent SB, Spiegelman D, Greenbaum L, Yahalom G, Desautels A, Montplaisir JY, Fahn S, Waters CH, Levy O, Kehoe CM, Narayan S, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Hassin-Baer S, Alcalay RN, Rouleau GA, Fon EA, Gan-Or Z. Analysis of common and rare VPS13C variants in late-onset Parkinson disease. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:385. [PMID: 32042909 PMCID: PMC6984134 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to study the role of coding VPS13C variants in a large cohort of patients with late-onset Parkinson disease (PD) (LOPD). Methods VPS13C and its untranslated regions were sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing in 1,567 patients with PD and 1,667 controls from 3 cohorts. Association tests of rare potential homozygous and compound heterozygous variants and burden tests for rare heterozygous variants were performed. Common variants were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex in each of the cohorts, followed by a meta-analysis. Results No biallelic carriers of rare VPS13C variants were found among patients, and 2 carriers of compound heterozygous variants were found in 2 controls. There was no statistically significant burden of rare (minor allele frequency [MAF] <1%) or very rare (MAF <0.1%) coding VPS13C variants in PD. A VPS13C haplotype including the p.R153H-p.I398I-p.I1132V-p.Q2376Q variants was nominally associated with a reduced risk for PD (meta-analysis of the tagging SNP p.I1132V [odds ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.82, p = 0.0052]). This haplotype was not in linkage disequilibrium with the known genome-wide association study top hit. Conclusions Our results do not support a role for rare heterozygous or biallelic VPS13C variants in LOPD. Additional genetic replication and functional studies are needed to examine the role of the haplotype identified here associated with reduced risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Sandra B Laurent
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Gilad Yahalom
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Alex Desautels
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Cheryl H Waters
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Oren Levy
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Caitlin M Kehoe
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Sushma Narayan
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics (U.R., L.K., G.A.R, Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute (U.R., J.A.R., L.K., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F.Z.G.-O.), McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.A.R., S.B.L., D.S., G.A.R., E.A.F., Z.G.-O.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center (L.G.); The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center (L.G., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler School of Medicine (L.G., G.Y., S.H.-B.), Tel-Aviv University; Department of Neurology (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center; Movement Disorders Institute (G.Y., S.H.-B.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (A.D., J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Université de Montréal; Department of Psychiatry (J.Y.M.), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (S.F., C.H.W., O.L., C.M.K., S.N., R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Neurology (Y.D.), National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm, France; Division of Neurosciences (N.D.), CHU de Québec, Université Laval; Department of Medicine (N.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.N.A.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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Morales-Briceño H, Mohammad SS, Post B, Fois AF, Dale RC, Tchan M, Fung VSC. Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of genetic parkinsonism from infancy to adolescence. Brain 2019; 143:751-770. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGenetic early-onset parkinsonism presenting from infancy to adolescence (≤21 years old) is a clinically diverse syndrome often combined with other hyperkinetic movement disorders, neurological and imaging abnormalities. The syndrome is genetically heterogeneous, with many causative genes already known. With the increased use of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice, there have been novel and unexpected insights into phenotype-genotype correlations and the discovery of new disease-causing genes. It is now recognized that mutations in a single gene can give rise to a broad phenotypic spectrum and that, conversely different genetic disorders can manifest with a similar phenotype. Accurate phenotypic characterization remains an essential step in interpreting genetic findings in undiagnosed patients. However, in the past decade, there has been a marked expansion in knowledge about the number of both disease-causing genes and phenotypic spectrum of early-onset cases. Detailed knowledge of genetic disorders and their clinical expression is required for rational planning of genetic and molecular testing, as well as correct interpretation of next-generation sequencing results. In this review we examine the relevant literature of genetic parkinsonism with ≤21 years onset, extracting data on associated movement disorders as well as other neurological and imaging features, to delineate syndromic patterns associated with early-onset parkinsonism. Excluding PRKN (parkin) mutations, >90% of the presenting phenotypes have a complex or atypical presentation, with dystonia, abnormal cognition, pyramidal signs, neuropsychiatric disorders, abnormal imaging and abnormal eye movements being the most common features. Furthermore, several imaging features and extraneurological manifestations are relatively specific for certain disorders and are important diagnostic clues. From the currently available literature, the most commonly implicated causes of early-onset parkinsonism have been elucidated but diagnosis is still challenging in many cases. Mutations in ∼70 different genes have been associated with early-onset parkinsonism or may feature parkinsonism as part of their phenotypic spectrum. Most of the cases are caused by recessively inherited mutations, followed by dominant and X-linked mutations, and rarely by mitochondrially inherited mutations. In infantile-onset parkinsonism, the phenotype of hypokinetic-rigid syndrome is most commonly caused by disorders of monoamine synthesis. In childhood and juvenile-onset cases, common genotypes include PRKN, HTT, ATP13A2, ATP1A3, FBX07, PINK1 and PLA2G6 mutations. Moreover, Wilson’s disease and mutations in the manganese transporter are potentially treatable conditions and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in any patient with early-onset parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Neurology Department, Children’s Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bart Post
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC) Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro F Fois
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Neurology Department, Children’s Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michel Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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Niemann N, Jankovic J. Juvenile parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis, genetics, and treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 67:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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