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Zhang C, Shao W, Yuan H, Xiao R, Zhang Y, Wei C, Ni X, He N, Chen G, Gui S, Cheng Z, Wang Q. Engineered Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nanoformulations That Coordinate Neuroinflammation and Immune Homeostasis, Enhancing Parkinson's Disease Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23014-23031. [PMID: 39145985 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Although conventional intervention to microglia can mitigate neuroinflammation in the short term, immune disorders by peripheral inflammatory cells can infiltrate continuously, resulting in an overactivated immune microenvironment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we design engineered extracellular vesicle-based nanoformulations (EVNs) to address multiple factors for the management of PD. Specifically, EVN is developed by coating CCR2-enriched mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCCCR2 EVs) onto a dihydrotanshinone I-loaded nanocarrier (MSeN-DT). The MSCCCR2 EVs (the shell of EVN) can actively show homing to specific chemokines CCL2 in the substantia nigra, which enables them to block the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells. Interestingly, MSeN-DT (the core of EVN) can promote the Nrf2-GPX4 pathway for the suppression of the source of inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in microglia. In the PD model mice, a satisfactory therapeutic effect is achieved, with inhibition of peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration, precise regulation of inflammatory microglia in the substantia nigra, as well as promotion of behavioral improvement and repairing damaged neurons. In this way, the combinatorial code of alleviation of inflammation and modulation of immune homeostasis can reshape the immune microenvironment in PD, which bridges internal anti-inflammatory and external immunity. This finding reveals a comprehensive therapeutic paradigm for PD that breaks the vicious cycle of immune overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ru Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chaoqi Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyi Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ning He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Zhifei Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
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Wu S, Rong C, Lin R, Ji K, Lin T, Chen W, Mao W, Xu Y. Chinese medicine PaBing-II protects human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1410784. [PMID: 39156892 PMCID: PMC11327085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background PaBing-II Formula (PB-II) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). However, owing to the complexity of PB-II and the difficulty in obtaining human dopaminergic neurons (DAn), the mechanism of action of PB-II in PD treatment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of PB-II in patients with PD. Methods hiPSCs derived DAn were treated with H2O2 to construct the DAn oxidative damage model. SwissTargetPrediction was employed to predict the potential targets of the main compounds in serum after PB-II treatment. Metascape was used to analyze the pathways. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to construct the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD model, and the duration of administration was four weeks. RNA sequencing was used for Transcriptome analysis to find the signal pathways related to neuronal damage. The associated inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We identified PB-II as an Nrf2 activator using antioxidant-responsive element luciferase assay in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results In vitro experiments showed that the treatment of PB-II-treated serum increased the percentage of TH+ cells, decreased inflammation and the apoptosis, reduced cellular reactive oxygen species, and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. Pathway analysis of the RNA-seq data of samples before and after the treatment with PB-II-treated serum identified neuron-associated pathways. In vivo experiments demonstrated that PB-II treatment of PD rat model could activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, protect the midbrain DAn, and improve the symptoms in PD rats. Conclusion PB-II significantly protects DAn from inflammation and oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway activation. These findings elucidate the roles of PB-II in PD treatment and demonstrate the application of hiPSC-derived DAn in research of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Ruishan Lin
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Regeneration and Repair Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Massacci G, Venafra V, Zwiebel M, Wahle M, Cerroni R, Bissacco J, Perfetto L, Michienzi V, Stefani A, Mercuri NB, Schirinzi T, Sacco F. Stage-dependent phosphoproteome remodeling of Parkinson's disease blood cells. Neurobiol Dis 2024:106622. [PMID: 39097034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of PD necessitate advanced diagnostic and prognostic tools to elucidate its molecular mechanisms accurately. In this study, we addressed this challenge by conducting a pilot phospho-proteomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from idiopathic PD patients at varying disease stages to delineate the functional alterations occurring in these cells throughout the disease course and identify key molecules and pathways contributing to PD progression. By integrating clinical data with phospho-proteomic profiles across various PD stages, we identify potential stage-specific molecular signatures indicative of disease progression. This integrative approach allows for the discernment of distinct disease states and enhances our understanding of PD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Massacci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Venafra
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maximilian Zwiebel
- Department Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maria Wahle
- Department Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bissacco
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Michienzi
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurology Unit - Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Lana JV, Rios A, Takeyama R, Santos N, Pires L, Santos GS, Rodrigues IJ, Jeyaraman M, Purita J, Lana JF. Nebulized Glutathione as a Key Antioxidant for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2476. [PMID: 39125356 PMCID: PMC11314501 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide synthesized intracellularly, serves as a pivotal antioxidant, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while maintaining redox homeostasis and detoxifying xenobiotics. Its potent antioxidant properties, particularly attributed to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in cysteine, are crucial for cellular health across various organelles. The glutathione-glutathione disulfide (GSH-GSSG) cycle is facilitated by enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), thus aiding in detoxification processes and mitigating oxidative damage and inflammation. Mitochondria, being primary sources of reactive oxygen species, benefit significantly from GSH, which regulates metal homeostasis and supports autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, playing a fundamental role in neuroprotection. The vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress underscores the importance of GSH in neurological disorders and regenerative medicine. Nebulization of glutathione presents a novel and promising approach to delivering this antioxidant directly to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This method may offer significant advantages in mitigating neurodegeneration by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway signaling and mitochondrial function, thereby providing direct neuroprotection. By addressing oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on neuronal health, nebulized GSH could play a crucial role in managing and potentially ameliorating conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of nebulized GSH in preserving mitochondrial health, enhancing CNS function, and combating neurodegenerative conditions, aiming to improve outcomes for individuals affected by brain diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Lana
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil; (J.V.L.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Alexandre Rios
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Renata Takeyama
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Napoliane Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Luyddy Pires
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Izair Jefthé Rodrigues
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
- Department of Orthopedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Joseph Purita
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Jose Fábio Lana
- Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil; (J.V.L.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (A.R.); (R.T.); (N.S.); (L.P.); (I.J.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil; (M.J.); (J.P.)
- Medical School, Jaguariúna University Center (UniFAJ), Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
- Clinical Research, Anna Vitória Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil
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Zhao H, Song J, Wang T, Fan X. Selenium nanoparticles decorated with polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and rat model of Parkinson's disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 59:102755. [PMID: 38762132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and identifying disease-causing pathways and drugs that target them has remained challenging. Herein, selenium nanoparticles decorated with polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme (SFPS-SeNPs) were investigated on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and rats. 6-OHDA can significantly increase neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) both in vitro and vivo. In vitro, treatment with SFPS-SeNPs can significantly decrease 6-OHDA cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and cell apoptosis, significantly increased the activity of SOD and GPx. In vivo, 6-OHDA exposure could also decrease the expression of Nrf2 and OH-1, while treatment with SFPS-SeNPs (1 mg Se/kg) increased. SFPS-SeNPs can protect neurons from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating apoptosis and Nrf2/ARE pathway. The present study demonstrated that SFPS-SeNPs is a good candidate for developing a new drug against neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhao
- South China University of Technology, College of Food Science & Engineering, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jiaxin Song
- South China University of Technology, College of Food Science & Engineering, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- South China University of Technology, College of Food Science & Engineering, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaodan Fan
- South China University of Technology, College of Food Science & Engineering, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Masato A, Andolfo A, Favetta G, Bellini EN, Cogo S, Dalla Valle L, Boassa D, Greggio E, Plotegher N, Bubacco L. Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) as a target in dopamine catabolite-mediated cellular dyshomeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:424. [PMID: 38890356 PMCID: PMC11189528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in the dopamine catabolic pathway are known to contribute to the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The progressive cellular buildup of the highly reactive intermediate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehye (DOPAL) generates protein cross-linking, oligomerization of the PD-linked αSynuclein (αSyn) and imbalance in protein quality control. In this scenario, the autophagic cargo sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) emerges as a target of DOPAL-dependent oligomerization and accumulation in cytosolic clusters. Although DOPAL-induced oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2 pathway promote p62 expression, p62 oligomerization rather seems to be a consequence of direct DOPAL modification. DOPAL-induced p62 clusters are positive for ubiquitin and accumulate within lysosomal-related structures, likely affecting the autophagy-lysosomal functionality. Finally, p62 oligomerization and clustering is synergistically augmented by DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup. Hence, the substantial impact on p62 proteostasis caused by DOPAL appears of relevance for dopaminergic neurodegeneration, in which the progressive failure of degradative pathways and the deposition of proteins like αSyn, ubiquitin and p62 in inclusion bodies represent a major trait of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Favetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Niccolò Bellini
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Cogo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences and National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Jin X, Dong W, Chang K, Yan Y. Research on the signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease:A literature review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117850. [PMID: 38331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of Daergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been reported that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been found to possess a protective effect against PD. TCM has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of DA neurons via the regulation of signaling pathways associated with PD. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of PD and the mechanism of active ingredients of TCM regulating PD via signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "Parkinson's disease", "Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", "Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson's disorders", "Parkinsonism syndrome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "active ingredients", "medicinal plants" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS PD exhibits a close association with various signaling pathways, including but not limited to MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR/TRIF, NLRP3, Notch. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these signaling pathways. In addition, the active ingredients of TCM have shown significant effects in improving OS, neuroinflammation, and DA neuron apoptosis in PD. CONCLUSION The active ingredients of TCM have unique advantages in regulating PD-related signaling pathways. It is suggested to combine network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the specific targets of TCM. This not only provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of PD with the active ingredients of TCM, but also provides a scientific basis for the selection and development of TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wendi Dong
- Foshan Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongmei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
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Painous C, Fernández M, Pérez J, de Mena L, Cámara A, Compta Y. Fluid and tissue biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: Immunodetection or seed amplification? Central or peripheral? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:105968. [PMID: 38168618 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there have been meaningful developments on biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, extensively (but not solely) focusing on their proteinopathic nature. Accordingly, in Alzheimer's disease determination of levels of total and phosphorylated tau (τ and p-τ, usually p-τ181) along with amyloid-beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) by immunodetection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and currently even in peripheral blood, have been widely accepted and introduced to routine diagnosis. In the case of Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein as a potential biomarker (both for diagnosis and progression tracking) has proved more elusive under the immunodetection approach. In recent years, the emergence of the so-called seed amplification assays is proving to be a game-changer, with mounting evidence under different technical approaches and using a variety of biofluids or tissues, yielding promising diagnostic accuracies. Currently the least invasive but at once more reliable source of biosamples and techniques are being sought. Here we overview these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Painous
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesica Pérez
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena de Mena
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Cámara
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders - Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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10
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Lim HS, Park G. Artemisinin protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115972. [PMID: 38056239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug that has been used for almost half a century. However, the anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) effects of artemisinin with respect to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced oxidative stress have not yet been investigated while focusing on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Thus, we sought to assess the behavioral and oxidative mechanistic effects of artemisinin on MPTP-induced toxicity via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. We explored this through immunohistochemical assays, ELISA, in differentiated PC12 cells treated with siRNA, and with a PD mouse model. Artemisinin increased Nrf2 DNA-binding activity and HO-1 and NQO1 expression. Artemisinin treatment protected cells against MPP+ -induced neuronal death signaling, including NADH dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, it protected cells against MPTP-induced behavioral impairments and significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss. Additionally, Nrf2 pre-inhibition using ML385 neutralized the inhibitory effects of artemisinin on dopaminergic neuronal damage and behavioral impairments induced by MPTP. Our results suggest that artemisinin inhibits MPTP-induced behavioral and neurotoxic effects in mice. This provides a foundation for further research to evaluate artemisinin as a potential therapeutic agent for PD.
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MESH Headings
- Rats
- Mice
- Animals
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism
- Artemisinins/pharmacology
- Artemisinins/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ates I, Yılmaz AD, Buttari B, Arese M, Saso L, Suzen S. A Review of the Potential of Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-Derived 2]-like 2 Activation in Autoimmune Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1532. [PMID: 38002492 PMCID: PMC10669303 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune disease is the consequence of the immune system attacking healthy cells, tissues, and organs by mistake instead of protecting them. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are well-recognized processes occurring in association with acute or chronic impairment of cell homeostasis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) is of major importance as the defense instrument against OS and alters anti-inflammatory activities related to different pathological states. Researchers have described Nrf2 as a significant regulator of innate immunity. Growing indications suggest that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is deregulated in numerous diseases, including autoimmune disorders. The advantageous outcome of the pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is an essential part of Nrf2-based chemoprevention and intervention in other chronic illnesses, such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, and chronic kidney and liver disease. Nevertheless, a growing number of investigations have indicated that Nrf2 is already elevated in specific cancer and disease steps, suggesting that the pharmacological agents developed to mitigate the potentially destructive or transformative results associated with the protracted activation of Nrf2 should also be evaluated. The activators of Nrf2 have revealed an improvement in the progress of OS-associated diseases, resulting in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities; by contrast, the depletion of Nrf2 worsens disease progression. These data strengthen the growing attention to the biological properties of Nrf2 and its possible healing power on diseases. The evidence supporting a correlation between Nrf2 signaling and the most common autoimmune diseases is reviewed here. We focus on the aspects related to the possible effect of Nrf2 activation in ameliorating pathologic conditions based on the role of this regulator of antioxidant genes in the control of inflammation and OS, which are processes related to the progression of autoimmune diseases. Finally, the possibility of Nrf2 activation as a new drug development strategy to target pathogenesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Didem Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzae Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
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12
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Miller SJ, Darji RY, Walaieh S, Lewis JA, Logan R. Senolytic and senomorphic secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1271941. [PMID: 37840914 PMCID: PMC10568035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1271941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism for a wide range of biological exploration. The well-known advantages of D. melanogaster include its relatively simple biology, the ease with which it is genetically modified, the relatively low financial and time costs associated with their short gestation and life cycles, and the large number of offspring they produce per generation. D. melanogaster has facilitated the discovery of many significant insights into the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has served as an excellent preclinical model of PD-related therapeutic discovery. In this review, we provide an overview of the major D. melanogaster models of PD, each of which provide unique insights into PD-relevant pathology and therapeutic targets. These models are discussed in the context of their past, current, and future potential use for studying the utility of secondary metabolites as therapeutic agents in PD. Over the last decade, senolytics have garnered an exponential interest in their ability to mitigate a broad spectrum of diseases, including PD. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the senolytic and senomorphic properties of secondary metabolites. It is expected that D. melanogaster will continue to be critical in the effort to understand and improve treatment of PD, including their involvement in translational studies focused on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rayyan Y. Darji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sami Walaieh
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Jhemerial A. Lewis
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
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13
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Zeng S, Zhang X, Zhou F, Gillies MC, Zhu L. The Role of Nrf2/sMAF Signalling in Retina Ageing and Retinal Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1512. [PMID: 37371607 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and age-related macular disease, have become increasingly prominent as the population ages. Oxygen is essential for living organisms, but it may also cause disease when it is transformed into reactive oxygen species via biological processes in cells. Most of the production of ROS occurs in mitochondrial complexes I and III. The accumulation of ROS in cells causes oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in human ageing and many diseases. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key antioxidant transcription factor that plays a central role in many diseases and ageing in general. It regulates many downstream antioxidative enzymes when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. A basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, MAF, specifically the small MAF subfamily (sMAFs), forms heterodimers with Nrf2, which bind with Maf-recognition elements (MAREs) in response to oxidative stress. The role of this complex in the human retina remains unclear. This review summarises the current knowledge about Nrf2 and its downstream signalling, especially its cofactor-MAF, in ageing and diseases, with a focus on the retina. Since Nrf2 is the master regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, we hypothesise that targeting Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach for many age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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14
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Zamanian MY, Parra RMR, Soltani A, Kujawska M, Mustafa YF, Raheem G, Al-Awsi L, Lafta HA, Taheri N, Heidari M, Golmohammadi M, Bazmandegan G. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway and oxidative stress by resveratrol for Parkinson's disease: an overview and update on new developments. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5455-5464. [PMID: 37155008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) as a prevalent neurodegenerative condition impairs motor function and is caused by the progressive deterioration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The current therapy solutions for PD are ineffective because they could not inhibit the disease's progression and they even have adverse effects. Natural polyphenols, a group of phytochemicals, have been found to offer various health benefits, including neuroprotection against PD. Among these, resveratrol (RES) has neuroprotective properties owing to its capacity to protect mitochondria and act as an antioxidant. An increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is responsible for cellular damage resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative protein alteration, and DNA damage. In PD models, it's been discovered that RES pretreatment can diminish oxidative stress by boosting endogenous antioxidant status and directly scavenging ROS. Several studies have examined the involvement of RES in the modulation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 in PD models because this protein recognizes oxidants and controls the antioxidant defense. In this review, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the RES activity and reviewed its effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of PD. The gathered evidence herein showed that RES treatment provides neuroprotection against PD by reducing OS and upregulation of Nrf2. Moreover, in the present study, scientific proof of the neuroprotective properties of RES against PD and the mechanism supporting clinical development consideration has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, Poznan, 60-631, Poland
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Ghaidaa Raheem
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | - Lateef Al-Awsi
- Department of Radiological Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Holya A Lafta
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Niloofar Taheri
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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15
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Zhuang J, Jiang Z, Chen D, Li J, Crabbe MJC, Qiu M, Zheng Y, Qu W. Thyroid-Disrupting Effects of Exposure to Fipronil and Its Metabolites from Drinking Water Based on Human Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Nthy-ori 3-1 Cell Lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6072-6084. [PMID: 37022920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide used for plants and poultry. Owing to its widespread use, fipronil and its metabolites (fipronil sulfone, fipronil desulfinyl, and fipronil sulfide), termed FPM, can be frequently detected in drinking water and food. Fipronil can affect the thyroid function of animals, but the effects of FPM on the human thyroid remain unclear. We employed human thyroid follicular epithelial Nthy-ori 3-1 cells to examine combined cytotoxic responses, thyroid-related functional proteins including the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), deiodinases I-III (DIO I-III), and the nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway induced by FPM of 1-1000-fold concentrations detected in school drinking water collected from a heavily contaminated area of the Huai River Basin. Thyroid-disrupting effects of FPM were evaluated by examining biomarkers of oxidative stress and thyroid function and tetraiodothyronine (T4) levels secreted by Nthy-ori 3-1 cells after FPM treatment. FPM activated the expression of NRF2, HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), TPO, DIO I, and DIO II but inhibited NIS expression and increased the T4 level of thyrocytes, indicating that FPM can disrupt the function of human thyrocytes through oxidative pathways. Given the adverse impact of low FPM concentrations on human thyrocytes, supportive evidence from rodent studies, and the critical importance of thyroid hormones on development, the effects of FPM on the neurodevelopment and growth of children warrant priority attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, U.K
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, U.K
| | - Meiyue Qiu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Chang KH, Liu CH, Wang YR, Lo YS, Chang CW, Wu HC, Chen CM. Upregulation of APAF1 and CSF1R in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087095. [PMID: 37108258 PMCID: PMC10139006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, the expression levels of 52 genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the discovery cohort including 48 PD patients and 25 healthy controls. Four genes, including ALDH1A, APAF1, CR1, and CSF1R, were found to be upregulated in PD patients. The expression patterns of these genes were validated in a second cohort of 101 PD patients and 61 healthy controls. The results confirmed the upregulation of APAF1 (PD: 0.34 ± 0.18, control: 0.26 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) and CSF1R (PD: 0.38 ± 0.12, control: 0.33 ± 0.10, p = 0.005) in PD patients. The expression level of APAF1 was correlated with the scores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS, r = 0.235, p = 0.018) and 39-item PD questionnaire (PDQ-39, r = 0.250, p = 0.012). The expression level of CSF1R was negatively correlated with the scores of the mini-mental status examination (MMSE, r = -0.200, p = 0.047) and Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, r = -0.226, p = 0.023). These results highly suggest that oxidative stress biomarkers in peripheral blood may be useful in monitoring the progression of motor disabilities and cognitive decline in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shi Lo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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18
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He JY, Li DD, Wen Q, Qin TY, Long H, Zhang SB, Zhang F. Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on dopamine neuronal damage in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36942519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Until now, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the specific synergistic role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the occurrence and development of PD remains unclear. METHODS The changes in motor behavior, dopamine (DA) neurons quantification and their mitochondrial respiratory chain, glial cells activation and secreted cytokines, Nrf2 signaling pathway, and redox balance in the brain of rats were evaluated. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and rotenone (ROT)-induced oxidative stress synergistically aggravated motor dysfunction, DA neuron damage, activation of glial cells, and release of related mediators, activation of Nrf2 signaling and destruction of oxidative balance. In addition, further studies indicated that after ROT-induced oxidative stress caused direct damage to DA neurons, LPS-induced inflammatory effects had stronger promoting neurotoxic effects on the above aspects. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress synergistically aggravated DA neuronal loss. Furtherly, oxidative stress followed by neuroinflammation caused more DA neuronal loss than neuroinflammation followed by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dai-Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting-Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Long
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Abstract
Significance: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are disorders of the brain and/or spinal cord and include neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor belonging to the cap-n-collar family that harbors a unique basic leucine zipper motif and plays as a master regulator of homeostatic responses. Recent Advances: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is an adaptor of the Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 ligase that enhances the ubiquitylation of NRF2, which promotes the degradation of NRF2 to suppress its transcriptional activity in the absence of stress. Cysteine residues of KEAP1 are modified under stress conditions, and NRF2 degradation is attenuated, allowing it to accumulate and induce the expression of target genes. This regulatory system is referred to as the KEAP1-NRF2 system and plays a central role in protecting cells against various stresses. NRF2 also negatively regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes and suppresses pathological inflammation. As oxidative stress, inflammation, and proteostasis are known to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, the KEAP1-NRF2 system is an attractive target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, Nrf2 depletion exacerbates symptoms and enhances oxidative damage and inflammation in the CNS. In contrast, chemical or genetic NRF2 activation improves these symptoms. Indeed, the NRF2-activating chemical dimethyl fumarate is now widely used for the clinical treatment of MS. Future Directions: The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Chen YH, Kuo YY, You YQ, Lin YT, Chen PC. Endonuclease VIII-like 1 deficiency potentiates nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a male mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 165:741-755. [PMID: 36840377 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder caused by a characteristic loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and degeneration of dopamine terminals in the dorsal striatum. Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress-induced DNA damage may be involved in PD pathogenesis, as steady-state levels of several types of oxidized nucleobases were shown to be elevated in PD brain tissues. These DNA lesions are normally removed from the genome by base excision repair, which is initiated by DNA glycosylase enzymes such as endonuclease VIII-like 1 (Neil1). In this study, we show that Neil1 plays an important role in limiting oxidative stress-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In particular, Neil1-deficient male mice exhibited enhanced sensitivity to nigrostriatal degeneration after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration, and Neil1-deficient animals had higher levels of γH2AX-marked DNA damage than wild-type (WT) controls, regardless of treatment status. Moreover, MPTP-treated Neil1-/- male mice had slightly elevated expression of genes related to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant pathway. Treatment with the Nrf2 activator, monomethyl fumarate, reduced PD-like behaviors and pathology in Neil1-/- male mice, suggesting that Neil1 is an important defense molecule in an oxidative cellular environment. Taken together, these results suggest that Neil1 DNA glycosylase may play an important role in limiting oxidative stress-mediated PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qian You
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Uruno A, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 system and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 36734430 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are disorders of the brain and/or spinal cord and include neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor belonging to the cap-n-collar (CNC) family that harbors a unique basic leucine zipper motif and plays as a master regulator of homeostatic responses. Recent Advances: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is an adaptor of the Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 ligase that enhances the ubiquitylation of NRF2, which promotes the degradation of NRF2 to suppress its transcriptional activity in the absence of stress. Cysteine residues of KEAP1 are modified under stress conditions, and NRF2 degradation is attenuated, allowing it to accumulate and induce the expression of target genes. This regulatory system is referred to as the KEAP1-NRF2 system and plays a central role in protecting cells against various stresses. NRF2 also negatively regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes and suppresses pathological inflammation. As oxidative stress, inflammation, and proteostasis are known to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, the KEAP1-NRF2 system is an attractive target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, Nrf2 depletion exacerbates symptoms and enhances oxidative damage and inflammation in the CNS. In contrast, chemical or genetic NRF2 activation improves these symptoms. Indeed, the NRF2-activating chemical dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is now widely used for the clinical treatment of MS. Future Directions: The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- Tohoku University, 13101, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8577;
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Sendai, Japan, 980-8575;
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22
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Investigating Therapeutic Effects of Indole Derivatives Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Neurotoxin-Induced Cell and Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032642. [PMID: 36768965 PMCID: PMC9917106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been emerging as important pathways contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In PD brains, the activated microglia release inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO), which increase oxidative stress and mediate neurodegeneration. Using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-activated human microglial HMC3 cells and the sub-chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD, we found the potential of indole derivative NC009-1 against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration for PD. In vitro, NC009-1 alleviated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity, reduced NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production, and suppressed NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in MPP+-activated HMC3 cells. In vivo, NC009-1 ameliorated motor deficits and non-motor depression, increased dopamine and dopamine transporter levels in the striatum, and reduced oxidative stress as well as microglia and astrocyte reactivity in the ventral midbrain of MPTP-treated mice. These protective effects were achieved by down-regulating NLRP3, CASP1, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and up-regulating SOD2, NRF2, and NQO1. These results strengthen the involvement of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in PD pathogenic mechanism, and indicate NC009-1 as a potential drug candidate for PD treatment.
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23
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de Siqueira EA, Magalhães EP, de Menezes RRPPB, Sampaio TL, Lima DB, da Silva Martins C, Neves KRT, de Castro Brito GA, Martins AMC, de Barros Viana GS. Vitamin D3 actions on astrocyte cells: A target for therapeutic strategy in Parkinson's disease? Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136997. [PMID: 36470505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD patients' brains show neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of VD3 on astrocytes after their exposure to rotenone (ROT) a natural pesticide known to exhibit neurotoxic potential via the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Cell viability parameters were evaluated by the MTT test and staining with 7-AAD in cultures of astrocytes treated and untreated with VD3 (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL) and/or ROT (10 µg/mL or 5 µg/mL), and the cytoplasmic production of ROS and the cell death profile were measured by flow cytometry. Glutathione accumulation and ultrastructural changes were evaluated and immunocytochemistry assays for NF-kB and Nrf2 were also carried out. The results showed that VD3 improved the viability of cells previously treated with VD3 and then exposed to ROT, reducing the occurrence of necrotic and apoptotic events. Furthermore, cells exposed to ROT showed increased production of ROS, which decreased significantly with previous treatment with VD3. Importantly, the decrease by ROT in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly prevented after treating cells with VD3, especially at a concentration of 1 ng/mL. Therefore, treatment with VD3 protected astrocytes from damage caused by ROT, decreasing oxidative stress, decreasing NF-kB and Nrf2 expressions, and improving mitochondrial function. However, further investigation is needed regarding the participation and mechanism of action of VD3 in this cellular model of PD focusing on the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-kB.
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24
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Schirinzi T, Maftei D, Passali FM, Grillo P, Zenuni H, Mascioli D, Maurizi R, Loccisano L, Vincenzi M, Rinaldi AM, Ralli M, Di Girolamo S, Stefani A, Lattanzi R, Severini C, Mercuri NB. Olfactory Neuron Prokineticin-2 as a Potential Target in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:196-204. [PMID: 36218142 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to outline the dynamics of prokineticin-2 pathway in relation to clinical-pathological features of Parkinson's disease by examining olfactory neurons of patients. METHODS Thirty-eight patients (26 de novo, newly diagnosed) and 31 sex/age-matched healthy controls underwent noninvasive mucosa brushing for olfactory neurons collection, and standard clinical assessment. Gene expression levels of prokineticin-2, prokineticin-2 receptors type 1 and 2, and prokineticin-2-long peptide were measured in olfactory neurons by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); moreover, the prokineticin-2 protein and α-synuclein species (total and oligomeric) were quantified by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Prokineticin-2 expression was significantly increased in Parkinson's disease. De novo patients had higher prokineticin-2 levels, directly correlated with Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III motor score. In addition, oligomeric α-synuclein was higher in Parkinson's disease and directly correlated with prokineticin-2 protein levels. Total α-synuclein did not differ between patients and controls. INTERPRETATION Prokineticin-2 is a chemokine showing neuroprotective effects in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, but translational proof of its role in patients is still lacking. Here, we used olfactory neurons as the ideal tissue to analyze molecular stages of neurodegeneration in vivo, providing unprecedented evidence that the prokineticin-2 pathway is activated in patients with Parkinson's disease. Specifically, prokineticin-2 expression in olfactory neurons was higher at early disease stages, proportional to motor severity, and associated with oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation. These data, consistently with preclinical findings, support prokineticin-2 as a candidate target in Parkinson's disease, and validate reliability of olfactory neurons to reflect pathological changes of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:196-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco M Passali
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henri Zenuni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mascioli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maurizi
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Loccisano
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Girolamo
- Unit of ENT, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer,", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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25
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Pan S, Wei H, Yuan S, Kong Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Cui X, Chen W, Liu J, Zhang Y. Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus ameliorates MPTP-induced oxidative stress via regulating the gut microbiota–gut–brain axis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1022879. [PMID: 36439235 PMCID: PMC9682001 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1022879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrated that functional bacteria were involved in the regulation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanism of probiotics in improving PD was unclear. Here the antioxidant effect and the mechanism of probiotics Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) on PD were studied by regulating the gut–brain axis. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intraperitoneally to establish a PD model and were then treated with PP for 4 weeks. Subsequently, a series of neurobehavioral tests to evaluate the motor function of the mice was performed. Additionally, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, accumulation of α-synuclein, the production of an oxidative stress response, and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins were evaluated. Moreover, the gut microbial composition and the level of metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were assessed. The results showed that PP treatment could improve MPTP-induced motor deficits, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Moreover, PP treatment significantly increased the levels of SOD1, Gpx1, and Nrf2, while it decreased the levels of Keap1 in the brain of MPTP-induced mice. Notably, PP treatment improved the gut microbial dysbiosis and increased the level of GABA in MPTP-induced mice. These findings indicated that PP might represent a promising candidate, due to the metabolite of GABA, that could be used for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipei Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaorui Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaming Liu, ; Yang Zhang,
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaming Liu, ; Yang Zhang,
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26
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Maftei D, Schirinzi T, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Potential Clinical Role of Prokineticin 2 (PK2) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2019-2023. [PMID: 35410604 PMCID: PMC9886845 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has become clear in recent decades, as evidenced by the presence of activated microglia and astrocytes and numerous soluble mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues of affected patients. Among inflammatory mediators, chemokines play a central role in neuroinflammation due to their dual function as chemoattractants for immune cells and molecular messengers in crosstalk among CNS-resident cells. The chemokine Bv8/Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently emerged as an important player in many age-related and chronic diseases that are either neurodegenerative or systemic. In this perspective paper, we briefly discuss the role that PK2 and its cognate receptors play in AD and PD animal models and in patients. Given the apparent changes in PK2 blood levels in both AD and PD patients, the potential clinical value of PK2 either as a disease biomarker or as a therapeutic target for these disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Italy,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39-6-49976742; E-mail:
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Xiao B, Kuruvilla J, Tan EK. Mitophagy and reactive oxygen species interplay in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 36257956 PMCID: PMC9579202 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy impairment and oxidative stress are cardinal pathological hallmarks in Parkinson's disease (PD), a common age-related neurodegenerative condition. The specific interactions between mitophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have attracted considerable attention even though their exact interplay in PD has not been fully elucidated. We highlight the interactions between ROS and mitophagy, with a focus on the signalling pathways downstream to ROS that triggers mitophagy and draw attention to potential therapeutic compounds that target these pathways in both experimental and clinical models. Identifying a combination of ROS inhibitors and mitophagy activators to provide a physiologic balance in this complex signalling pathways may lead to a more optimal outcome. Deciphering the exact temporal relationship between mitophagy and oxidative stress and their triggers early in the course of neurodegeneration can unravel mechanistic clues that potentially lead to the development of compounds for clinical drug trials focusing on prodromic PD or at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Joshua Kuruvilla
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sakibuzzaman M, Hassan A, Hayee S, Haque FA, Bushra SS, Maliha M, Tania MK, Sadat A, Akter F, Mazumder T, Razzaque J, Kapuria P, Jalal I, Shah-Riar P. Exacerbation of Pre-existing Neurological Symptoms With COVID-19 in Patients With Chronic Neurological Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29297. [PMID: 36277564 PMCID: PMC9578565 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotropism of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can potentially explain the worsening of symptoms in patients with a history of neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, and epilepsy. Several studies have reported that these pre-existing conditions may worsen with a higher frequency of flare-ups, thus resulting in a more significant risk of patient mortality. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the relationship between pre-existing neurological disorders and COVID-19, focusing on whether the initial infection directly influenced the severity of symptoms. We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE) and used specific keywords related to our aims from January 2020 to July 2022. All articles published on COVID-19 with keywords pertaining to pre-existing neurological diseases were retrieved and subsequently analyzed. After independent review, the data from 107 articles were selected and evaluated. After analyzing the data from selected articles reviewing the effect of COVID-19 on neurological conditions, we have documented the relationship between said pre-existing neurological diseases, showing an increased risk of hospitalization, admission length, worsening of symptoms, and even mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Pattern of Mitochondrial Respiration in Peripheral Blood Cells of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810863. [PMID: 36142777 PMCID: PMC9506016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), as they are involved in oxidative stress, synaptopathy, and other immunometabolic pathways. Accordingly, they are emerging as a potential neuroprotection target, although further human-based evidence is needed for therapeutic advancements. This study aims to shape the pattern of mitochondrial respiration in the blood leukocytes of PD patients in relation to both clinical features and the profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial respirometry on the peripheral blood mononucleate cells (PBMCs) of 16 PD patients and 14 controls was conducted using Seahorse Bioscience technology. Bioenergetic parameters were correlated either with standard clinical scores for motor and non-motor disturbances or with CSF levels of α-synuclein, amyloid-β peptides, and tau proteins. In PD, PBMC mitochondrial basal respiration was normal; maximal and spare respiratory capacities were both increased; and ATP production was higher, although not significantly. Maximal and spare respiratory capacity was directly correlated with disease duration, MDS-UPDRS part III and Hoehn and Yahr motor scores; spare respiratory capacity was correlated with the CSF amyloid-β-42 to amyloid-β-42/40 ratio. We provided preliminary evidence showing that mitochondrial respiratory activity increases in the PBMCs of PD patients, probably following the compensatory adaptations to disease progression, in contrast to the bases of the neuropathological substrate.
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30
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Zhai Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li W. Clinical Research Progress of Small Molecule Compounds Targeting Nrf2 for Treating Inflammation-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1564. [PMID: 36009283 PMCID: PMC9405369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that inflammation is a symptom of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); it is also the source of other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), lupus erythematosus (LE), and liver damage. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an important multifunctional transcription factor in cells and plays a central regulatory role in cellular defense mechanisms. In recent years, several studies have found a strong association between the activation of Nrf2 and the fight against inflammation-related diseases. A number of small molecule compounds targeting Nrf2 have entered clinical research. This article reviews the research status of small molecule compounds that are in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, lupus erythematosus, and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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31
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Han R, Yu Y, Zhao K, Wei J, Hui Y, Gao JM. Lignans from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves exhibit neuroprotective effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathways in H 2O 2-treated PC-12 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154124. [PMID: 35487038 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress have the most crucial influence on neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12) induced by H2O2 are one of the primary in vitro models of Parkinson's disease (PD) . Previous studies have found that E ulmoides leaf extract exerts good neuroprotective activity and has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular pathways involved in the neuroprotective effects of its primary leaf component, lignans, have not yet been well elucidated yet. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of lignans in E. ulmoides leaves and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was assessed by calcein/PI staining. The release levels of ROS and LDH were assessed using a commercial assay kit. The enzyme activities of SOD and GPx were measured using kits. The establishment of the compound-target-pathway-disease network was performed using a database and computer software. Antioxidant proteins (HO-1, NQO-1, and Cat) and related regulatory proteins (Nrf2, GSK-3β, p-GSK 3β (Ser 9), Akt, p-Akt (Tyr326), PI3K) were detected by western blotting. Apoptosis in the zebrafish head was assessed using acridine orange (AO) staining. RESULTS In the present study, 12 lignans were isolated and characterized from E. ulmoides leaves, including a new compound, (-)-7‑epi-pinoresinol mr1 (1). Compounds 1-12 exerted neuroprotective effects in H2O2-treated PC-12 cells by increasing cell viability, improving the enzyme activity of SOD and GPx, and reducing levels of ROS and LDH. Compared to the positive control group (25 μM hesperetin), cell viability in response to 25 μM compound 1 (78.0 ± 0.8%) was highest, but its relative percent LDH release (20.1 ± 2.5%) was the lowest; 25 μM compound 4 resulted in the lowest ROS release levels (101.7 ± 2.6%) and highest SOD enzyme activity (35.9 ± 4.2 U/mg), and the GPx enzyme activity of 25 μM compound 1 was strongest (197.6 ± 0.6 U/mg). Next, the potential targets (PI3K, GSK-3β) of the test compounds' antioxidant activity were identified using pharmacological network analysis. Using DAVID software for pharmacological network analysis, potential targets (PI3K, GSK-3β, and SOD2) of 12 lignans were identified. Based on the initial screening results, biological experiments confirmed that diepoxylignans 1, 2, and 4 exerted significant neuroprotection by regulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathways, increasing protein expression of HO-1, NQO-1, and CAT, and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and GPx. CONCLUSION Our experiments first propose that the diepoxylignans from E. ulmoides leaves exert neuroprotective effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway. These findings further indicate that lignans could be the primary components of E. ulmoides Oliver as agents for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, Eucommia ulmoides leaves with important research value may be a potential candidate for traditional Chinese medicine for treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Biology Pharmacy & Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhu Hui
- Shaanxi Jiahe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No. 7 Binhe Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Musacchio T, Yin J, Kremer F, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Temporal, spatial and molecular pattern of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the AAV-A53T α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113968. [PMID: 35738338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract is a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). A differential intraneuronal vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) has been suggested, starting as an axonopathy followed by neuronal cell loss that is accompanied with motor deficits. To date, there is no therapy available to delay or halt this neurodegeneration. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (Nrf2) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are crucial molecular regulators that undergo nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and are involved in regulation of axonal and perikarya degeneration of neurons under various pathologic conditions. We here aimed to analyze the time course of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an AAV PD rat model overexpressing human mutated A53T α-synuclein (haSyn), differentially correlate striatal terminal and SN perikarya loss with behavioral deficits and investigate if nucleo-cytoplasmic Nrf2 and HDAC1 expression are altered in dopaminergic perikarya of the haSyn PD rat model. We observed impaired motor performance in haSyn PD rats assessed by the single pellet reaching task at four- and six-weeks post AAV injection (P < 0.05 each). However, only striatal terminal loss correlated significantly with motor deficits in haSyn PD rats, indicating that parkinsonian motor features reflect the striatal dopaminergic denervation, but cannot be taken as an indirect measure of neurodegeneration per se. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated an upregulation of HDAC1 in the dopaminergic cell nucleus (P < 0.05) while no changes were observed for Nrf2. These data suggest a critical functional role of the axonopathy on motor behavior in haSyn PD rats and mechanistically point towards an impaired nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HDAC1 and thus a potential role of disturbed histone acetylation in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Musacchio
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kremer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - James B Koprich
- The Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 8KD402, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Atuka Inc., First Canadian Place, 100 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- The Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 8KD402, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Atuka Inc., First Canadian Place, 100 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Biancolella M, Colona VL, Mehrian-Shai R, Watt JL, Luzzatto L, Novelli G, Reichardt JKV. COVID-19 2022 update: transition of the pandemic to the endemic phase. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:19. [PMID: 35650595 PMCID: PMC9156835 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has ravaged the world for the past 2 years. Here, we review the current state of research into the disease with focus on its history, human genetics and genomics and the transition from the pandemic to the endemic phase. We are particularly concerned by the lack of solid information from the initial phases of the pandemic that highlighted the necessity for better preparation to face similar future threats. On the other hand, we are gratified by the progress into human genetic susceptibility investigations and we believe now is the time to explore the transition from the pandemic to the endemic phase. The latter will require worldwide vigilance and cooperation, especially in emerging countries. In the transition to the endemic phase, vaccination rates have lagged and developed countries should assist, as warranted, in bolstering vaccination rates worldwide. We also discuss the current status of vaccines and the outlook for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruty Mehrian-Shai
- Sheba Medical Center, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Hashomer 2 Sheba Road, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jessica Lee Watt
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Lucio Luzzatto
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA. .,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, School of Medicine and Surgery, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
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Suzen S, Tucci P, Profumo E, Buttari B, Saso L. A Pivotal Role of Nrf2 in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A New Way for Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060692. [PMID: 35745610 PMCID: PMC9227112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research indicates that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by excess levels of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and by lower levels of antioxidant protection in the brain and peripheral tissues. Dysregulations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance are known to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and involve mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and neuroinflammation, all events that lead to the proteostatic collapse of neuronal cells and their loss. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a short-lived protein that works as a transcription factor and is related to the expression of many cytoprotective genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant responses. A major emerging function of Nrf2 from studies over the past decade is its role in resistance to OS. Nrf2 is a key regulator of OS defense and research supports a protective and defending role of Nrf2 against neurodegenerative conditions. This review describes the influence of Nrf2 on OS and in what way Nrf2 regulates antioxidant defense for neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, we evaluate recent research and evidence for a beneficial and potential role of specific Nrf2 activator compounds as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-391-5844
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Bartl M, Xylaki M, Bähr M, Weber S, Trenkwalder C, Mollenhauer B. Evidence for immune system alterations in peripheral biological fluids in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Li K, Ning P, Liu B, Yang H, Zhu Y, Yin W, Zhou C, Ren H, Yang X. Downregulation of CHCHD2 may Contribute to Parkinson's Disease by Reducing Expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:19-29. [PMID: 35388756 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220406082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) downregulation, which has been linked to reduced cyclocytase activity and increased levels of oxygen free radicals, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. Little is known about how CHCHD2 normally functions in the cell and, therefore, how its downregulation may contribute to PD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify such target genes using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as a PD model. METHODS In this study, we established a MPP+ -reated SH-SY5Y cell model and evaluated the effects of CHCHD2 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis. At the same time, we used high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify its downstream target gene in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we verified the possible downstream target genes and discussed their mechanisms. RESULTS The expression level of α-synuclein increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+, while the protein expression level of CHCHD2 decreased significantly, especially after 24 h of treatment. Chip-IP results showed that CHCHD2 may regulate potential target genes such as HDX, ACP1, RAVER2, C1orf229, RN7SL130, GNPTG, erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2), required for cell differentiation 1 homologue (RQCD1), solute carrier family 5 member 7 (SLA5A7), and N-Acetyltransferase 8 Like (NAT8L). NFE2L2 and RQCD1 were validated as targets using PCR and western blotting of immunoprecipitates, and these two genes together with SLA5A7 and NAT8L were upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing CHCHD2. Downregulation of CHCHD2 may contribute to PD by leading to inadequate expression of NFE2L2 and RQCD1 as well as, potentially, SLA5A7 and NAT8L. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CHCHD2 plays a protective role by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and promoting proliferation in neurons. In this study, the changes of CHCHD2 and downstream target genes such as NFE2L2/RQCD1 may have potential application prospects in the future. These findings provide leads to explore PD pathogenesis and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelu Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Pingping Ning
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hongju Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Yongyun Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - WeiFang Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Cellular and Molecular Events Leading to Paraquat-Induced Apoptosis: Mechanistic Insights into Parkinson’s Disease Pathophysiology. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3353-3369. [PMID: 35306641 PMCID: PMC9148284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, in addition to other non-motor symptoms. Pathologically, PD is attributed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with the hallmark of the presence of intracellular protein aggregates of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is still yet to be fully elucidated due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. However, a myriad of studies has indicated several intracellular events in triggering apoptotic neuronal cell death in PD. These include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alteration in dopamine catabolism, inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase, and decreased levels of neurotrophic factors. Laboratory studies using the herbicide paraquat in different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the induction of many PD pathological features. The selective neurotoxicity induced by paraquat has brought a new dawn in our perspectives about the pathophysiology of PD. Epidemiological data have suggested an increased risk of developing PD in the human population exposed to paraquat for a long term. This model has opened new frontiers in the quest for new therapeutic targets for PD. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the relationship between the exposure of paraquat and the pathogenesis of PD in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Brakedal B, Dölle C, Riemer F, Ma Y, Nido GS, Skeie GO, Craven AR, Schwarzlmüller T, Brekke N, Diab J, Sverkeli L, Skjeie V, Varhaug K, Tysnes OB, Peng S, Haugarvoll K, Ziegler M, Grüner R, Eidelberg D, Tzoulis C. The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease. Cell Metab 2022; 34:396-407.e6. [PMID: 35235774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a double-blinded phase I clinical trial to establish whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) replenishment therapy, via oral intake of nicotinamide riboside (NR), is safe, augments cerebral NAD levels, and impacts cerebral metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thirty newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients received 1,000 mg NR or placebo for 30 days. NR treatment was well tolerated and led to a significant, but variable, increase in cerebral NAD levels-measured by 31phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy-and related metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid. NR recipients showing increased brain NAD levels exhibited altered cerebral metabolism, measured by 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and this was associated with mild clinical improvement. NR augmented the NAD metabolome and induced transcriptional upregulation of processes related to mitochondrial, lysosomal, and proteasomal function in blood cells and/or skeletal muscle. Furthermore, NR decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings nominate NR as a potential neuroprotective therapy for PD, warranting further investigation in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brage Brakedal
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Dölle
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Riemer
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Gonzalo S Nido
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarzlmüller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Njål Brekke
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joseph Diab
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Sverkeli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivian Skjeie
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Varhaug
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kristoffer Haugarvoll
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Schirinzi T, Zenuni H, Grillo P, Bovenzi R, Guerrera G, Gargano F, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Biagio Mercuri N, Battistini L, Sancesario GM. Tau and Amyloid-β Peptides in Serum of Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Correlations With CSF Levels and Clinical Parameters. Front Neurol 2022; 13:748599. [PMID: 35280296 PMCID: PMC8914101 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.748599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance of blood-based biomarkers is increasing into the neurodegenerative diseases field, but data on Parkinson's disease (PD) remain still scarce. In this study, we used the SiMoA technique to measure serum content of total tau protein and amyloid-β peptides (Aβ-42, Aβ-40) in 22 PD patients and ten control subjects. Serum levels of each biomarker were correlated with the respective CSF levels in both the groups; in PD patients, also the correlations between serum biomarkers and main clinical parameters were tested (motor, non-motor, cognitive scores and levodopa equivalent daily dose). Serum biomarkers did not exhibit quantitative differences between patients and controls; however, only PD patients had inter-fluids (serum-CSF) associations in tau and amyloid-β-42 levels. Moreover, serum content of tau protein was inversely correlated with cognitive performances (MoCA score). These findings, albeit preliminary, indicate that brain-derived peptides may change in parallel in both peripheral blood and CSF of PD patients, eventually even in association with some clinical features. Further studies are now needed to validate the use of blood-based biomarkers in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Schirinzi
| | - Henri Zenuni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bovenzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Cai W, Srivastava P, Feng D, Lin Y, Vanderburg CR, Xu Y, Mclean P, Frosch MP, Fisher DE, Schwarzschild MA, Chen X. Melanocortin 1 receptor activation protects against alpha-synuclein pathologies in models of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:16. [PMID: 35197079 PMCID: PMC8867846 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest a link between the melanoma-related pigmentation gene melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We previously showed that MC1R signaling can facilitate nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron survival. The present study investigates the neuroprotective potential of MC1R against neurotoxicity induced by alpha-synuclein (αSyn), a key player in PD genetics and pathogenesis. Methods Nigral dopaminergic neuron toxicity induced by local overexpression of aSyn was assessed in mice that have an inactivating mutation of MC1R, overexpress its wild-type transgene, or were treated with MC1R agonists. The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in MC1R-mediated protection against αSyn was characterized in vitro. Furthermore, MC1R expression was determined in human postmortem midbrain from patients with PD and unaffected subjects. Results Targeted expression of αSyn in the nigrostriatal pathway induced exacerbated synuclein pathologies in MC1R mutant mice, which were accompanied by neuroinflammation and altered Nrf2 responses, and reversed by the human MC1R transgene. Two MC1R agonists were neuroprotective against αSyn-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In vitro experiments showed that Nrf2 was a necessary mediator of MC1R effects. Lastly, MC1R was present in dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra and appeared to be reduced at the tissue level in PD patients. Conclusion Our study supports an interaction between MC1R and αSyn that can be mediated by neuronal MC1R possibly through Nrf2. It provides evidence for MC1R as a therapeutic target and a rationale for development of MC1R-activating strategies for PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-022-00520-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waijiao Cai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Integrative Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Feng
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yue Lin
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Charles R Vanderburg
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Harvard NeuroDiscovery Advanced Tissue Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yuehang Xu
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Harvard NeuroDiscovery Advanced Tissue Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Neuropathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Xiqun Chen
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Towson, MD, USA.
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LI Q, QIN X, YU Y, QUAN S, XIAO P. Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides exerts anti-oxidative effect in vitro through Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.44621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian LI
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China; Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiankun QIN
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China; Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yang YU
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Ping XIAO
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China; Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, China
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NRF2 Activation Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Improves Mitochondrial Function and Synaptic Plasticity, and in A53T α-Synuclein Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010026. [PMID: 35052530 PMCID: PMC8772776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), brain oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to neuronal loss as well as motor and cognitive deficits. The transcription factor NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in PD because it sits at the intersection of antioxidant and mitochondrial pathways. Here, we investigate the effects of modulating NRF2 activity in neurons isolated from a A53T α-synuclein (A53TSyn) mouse model of synucleinopathy. Embryonic hippocampal neurons were isolated from A53TSyn mice and their wild type (WT) littermates. Neurons were treated with either the NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or the NRF2 inhibitor ML385. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density were quantified. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were also profiled in these neurons. A53TSyn neurons had increased ROS and reduced basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration relative to WT neurons. A53TSyn neurons also displayed decreased dendritic arborization and reduced spine density. Treatment with DMF reduced ROS levels and improved both mitochondrial function and arborization, while inhibition of NRF2 with ML385 exacerbated these endpoints. Modulation of NRF2 activity had a significant effect on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity in A53TSyn neurons. These data suggest that NRF2 may be a viable target for therapeutic interventions in PD.
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43
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The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Healthy Aging and Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121929. [PMID: 34943032 PMCID: PMC8750203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is inevitable, but the inherently and genetically programmed aging process is markedly influenced by environmental factors. All organisms are constantly exposed to various stresses, either exogenous or endogenous, throughout their lives, and the quality and quantity of the stresses generate diverse impacts on the organismal aging process. In the current oxygenic atmosphere on earth, oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is one of the most common and critical environmental factors for life. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-NFE2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) system is a critical defense mechanism of cells and organisms in response to redox perturbations. In the presence of oxidative and electrophilic insults, the thiol moieties of cysteine in KEAP1 are modified, and consequently NRF2 activates its target genes for detoxification and cytoprotection. A number of studies have clarified the contributions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system to the prevention and attenuation of physiological aging and aging-related diseases. Accumulating knowledge to control stress-induced damage may provide a clue for extending healthspan and treating aging-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the relationships between oxidative stress and aging-related alterations in the sensory, glandular, muscular, and central nervous systems and the roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in aging processes.
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Chang CH, Wei CC, Ho CT, Liao VHC. N-γ-(L-glutamyl)-L-selenomethionine shows neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease associated with SKN-1/Nrf2 and TRXR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153733. [PMID: 34537465 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, yet fundamental treatments for the disease remain sparse. Thus, the search for potentially efficacious compounds from medicinal plants that can be used in the treatment of PD has gained significant interest. PURPOSE In many medicinal plants, selenium is primarily found in an organic form. We investigated the neuroprotective potential of an organic form of selenium, N-γ-(L-glutamyl)-L-selenomethionine (Glu-SeMet) in a Caenorhabditis elegans PD model and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS We used a C. elegans pharmacological PD strain (BZ555) that specifically expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in dopaminergic neurons and a transgenic PD strain (NL5901) that expresses human α-synuclein (α-syn) in muscle cells to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Glu-SeMet against PD. RESULTS We found that Glu-SeMet significantly ameliorated 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced dopaminergic neuron damage in the transgenic BZ555 strain, with corresponding improvements in slowing behavior and intracellular ROS levels. In addition, compared with clinical PD drugs (L-DOPA and selegiline), Glu-SeMet demonstrated stronger ameliorated effects on 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. Glu-SeMet also triggered the nuclear translocation of SKN-1/Nrf2 and significantly increased SKN-1, GST-4, and GCS-1 mRNA levels in the BZ555 strain. However, Glu-SeMet did not increase mRNA levels or ameliorate the damage to dopaminergic neurons when the BZ555 strain was subjected to skn-1 RNA interference (RNAi). Glu-SeMet also upregulated the mRNA levels of the selenoprotein TRXR-1 in both the BZ555 and BZ555; skn-1 RNAi strains and significantly decreased α-syn accumulation in the NL5901 strain, although this was not observed in the NL5901; trxr-1 strain. CONCLUSION We found that Glu-SeMet has a neuroprotective effect against PD in a C. elegans PD model and that the anti-PD effects of Glu-SeMet were associated with SKN-1/Nrf2 and TRXR-1. Glu-SeMet may thus have the potential for use in therapeutic applications or supplements to slow the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, United States
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Berlamont H, Bruggeman A, Bauwens E, Vandendriessche C, Clarebout E, Xie J, De Bruyckere S, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Ducatelle R, Santens P, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Vandenbroucke RE. Gastric Helicobacter suis Infection Partially Protects against Neurotoxicity in A 6-OHDA Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111328. [PMID: 34768765 PMCID: PMC8582972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains largely unknown, but more and more research suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota. Interestingly, idiopathic PD patients were shown to have at least a 10 times higher prevalence of Helicobacter suis (H. suis) DNA in gastric biopsies compared to control patients. H. suis is a zoonotic Helicobacter species that naturally colonizes the stomach of pigs and non-human primates but can be transmitted to humans. Here, we investigated the influence of a gastric H. suis infection on PD disease progression through a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model. Therefore, mice with either a short- or long-term H. suis infection were stereotactically injected with 6-OHDA in the left striatum and sampled one week later. Remarkably, a reduced loss of dopaminergic neurons was seen in the H. suis/6-OHDA groups compared to the control/6-OHDA groups. Correspondingly, motor function of the H. suis-infected 6-OHDA mice was superior to that in the non-infected 6-OHDA mice. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression levels of antioxidant genes in brain tissue from H. suis-infected 6-OHDA mice, as a potential explanation for the reduced 6-OHDA-induced cell loss. Our data support an unexpected neuroprotective effect of gastric H. suis on PD pathology, mediated through changes in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Berlamont
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Clarebout
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Bruyckere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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Parga JA, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Garcia-Garrote M, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Labandeira-Garcia JL. NRF2 Activation and Downstream Effects: Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Brain Angiotensin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111649. [PMID: 34829520 PMCID: PMC8614768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signalling molecules used to regulate cellular metabolism and homeostasis. However, excessive ROS production causes oxidative stress, one of the main mechanisms associated with the origin and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. NRF2 (Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2 Like 2) is a transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular response to oxidative stress. The regulation of NRF2 signalling has been shown to be a promising strategy to modulate the progression of the neurodegeneration associated to Parkinson's disease. The NRF2 pathway has been shown to be affected in patients with this disease, and activation of NRF2 has neuroprotective effects in preclinical models, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this pathway. In this review, we highlight recent advances regarding the regulation of NRF2, including the effect of Angiotensin II as an endogenous signalling molecule able to regulate ROS production and oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons. The genes regulated and the downstream effects of activation, with special focus on Kruppel Like Factor 9 (KLF9) transcription factor, provide clues about the mechanisms involved in the neurodegenerative process as well as future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Parga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
| | - Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose L. Labandeira-Garcia
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
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Schirinzi T, Maftei D, Ralli M, Greco A, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Serum Substance P Is Increased in Parkinson's Disease and Correlates with Motor Impairment. Mov Disord 2021; 37:228-230. [PMID: 34623702 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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Alonso-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez-Rovira A, Sánchez-Gomar I, Moreno JA, Durán-Ruiz MC. Nrf2 and Heme Oxygenase-1 Involvement in Atherosclerosis Related Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1463. [PMID: 34573095 PMCID: PMC8466960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the underlying process responsible for cardiovascular diseases and the high mortality rates associated. This chronic inflammatory disease progresses with the formation of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques over the inner walls of vascular vessels, with oxidative stress being an important element of this pathology. Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induces endothelial dysfunction, foam cell activation, and inflammatory response, resulting in the formation of fatty streaks in the atherosclerotic wall. With this in mind, different approaches aim to reduce oxidative damage as a strategy to tackle the progression of atherosclerosis. Special attention has been paid in recent years to the transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream-regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), both known to provide protection against atherosclerotic injury. In the current review, we summarize the involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, focusing on the role that these antioxidant molecules exert, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies applied to enhance their antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Angel Alonso-Piñeiro
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Almudena Gonzalez-Rovira
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ma Carmen Durán-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
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Singh A, Yadawa AK, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Mishra A, Singh S. Mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol: Involvement of transporters, synaptic proteins, dendrite arborization, biochemical alterations, ER stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112433. [PMID: 34302886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol employing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol treatment significantly protects the PD related pathological markers like level of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3). Disease pathology involves significantly decreased level of dopamine transporter, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) along with augmented level of vesicular monoamine transporter and considerably affected the dendrite arborization. Such affected neuronal communication was significantly restored with resveratrol treatment. Biochemical alterations include the depleted level of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial complex-I activity with concomitant increased level of lipid peroxidation, nitrite level and calcium levels, which were also significantly inhibited with resveratrol treatment. Altered calcium level induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related signalling and phosphorylated Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and with resveratrol treatment the level of phosphorylated Nrf2 was further increased. The concurrent depleted level of proteasome activity was observed which was attenuated with resveratrol treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines and activated astrocytes were observed which was inhibited with resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, findings suggested that resveratrol exhibits the interference in neuronal communication, oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathophysiology, ER stress, protein degradation mechanism and inflammatory responses and could be utilize in clinics to treat the PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadawa
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Keller MA, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Fatal attraction - The role of hypoxia when alpha-synuclein gets intimate with mitochondria. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:128-141. [PMID: 34428721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction are main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleinopathies. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may not be sufficient to cause PD. Here we propose the role of hypoxia as a missing link that connects the complex interplay between alpha-synuclein biochemistry and pathology, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD. We review the partly conflicting literature on alpha-synuclein binding to membranes and mitochondria and its impact on mitochondrial functions. From there, we focus on adverse changes in cellular environments, revolving around hypoxic stress, that may trigger or facilitate PD progression. Inter-dependent structural re-arrangements of mitochondrial membranes, including increased cytoplasmic exposure of mitochondrial cardiolipins and changes in alpha-synuclein localization and conformation are discussed consequences of such conditions. Enhancing cellular resilience could be an integral part of future combination-based therapies of PD. This may be achieved by boosting the capacity of cellular and specifically mitochondrial processes to regulate and adapt to altered proteostasis, redox, and inflammatory conditions and by inducing protective molecular and tissue re-modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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