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Deb PK, Chandrasekaran B, Mailavaram R, Tekade RK, Jaber AMY. Molecular modeling approaches for the discovery of adenosine A2B receptor antagonists: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1854-1864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deb PK. Recent Updates in the Computer Aided Drug Design Strategies for the Discovery of Agonists and Antagonists of Adenosine Receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:747-749. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825999190515120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
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Acúrcio RC, Scomparin A, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF, Guedes RC. Computer‐aided drug design in new druggable targets for the next generation of immune‐oncology therapies. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita C. Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
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Ciancetta A, Jacobson KA. Structural Probing and Molecular Modeling of the A₃ Adenosine Receptor: A Focus on Agonist Binding. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030449. [PMID: 28287473 PMCID: PMC5471610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous modulator exerting its functions through the activation of four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, termed A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The human A3AR (hA3AR) subtype is implicated in several cytoprotective functions. Therefore, hA3AR modulators, and in particular agonists, are sought for their potential application as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective agents. Structure-based molecular modeling techniques have been applied over the years to rationalize the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of newly emerged A3AR ligands, guide the subsequent lead optimization, and interpret site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) data from a molecular perspective. In this review, we showcase selected modeling-based and guided strategies that were applied to elucidate the binding of agonists to the A3AR and discuss the challenges associated with an accurate prediction of the receptor extracellular vestibule through homology modeling from the available X-ray templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.
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Nguyen ATN, Baltos JA, Thomas T, Nguyen TD, Muñoz LL, Gregory KJ, White PJ, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, May LT. Extracellular Loop 2 of the Adenosine A1 Receptor Has a Key Role in Orthosteric Ligand Affinity and Agonist Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:703-714. [PMID: 27683014 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A1 G protein-coupled receptor (A1AR) is an important therapeutic target implicated in a wide range of cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. Although it is well established that the A1AR orthosteric site is located within the receptor's transmembrane (TM) bundle, prior studies have implicated extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) as having a significant role in contributing to orthosteric ligand affinity and signaling for various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We thus performed extensive alanine scanning mutagenesis of A1AR-ECL2 to explore the role of this domain on A1AR orthosteric ligand pharmacology. Using quantitative analytical approaches and molecular modeling, we identified ECL2 residues that interact either directly or indirectly with orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Discrete mutations proximal to a conserved ECL2-TM3 disulfide bond selectively affected orthosteric ligand affinity, whereas a cluster of five residues near the TM4-ECL2 juncture influenced orthosteric agonist efficacy. A combination of ligand docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis results suggested that the orthosteric agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine binds transiently to an extracellular vestibule formed by ECL2 and the top of TM5 and TM7, prior to entry into the canonical TM bundle orthosteric site. Collectively, this study highlights a key role for ECL2 in A1AR orthosteric ligand binding and receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trayder Thomas
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toan D Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura López Muñoz
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Keränen H, Åqvist J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H. Free energy calculations of A2Aadenosine receptor mutation effects on agonist binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3522-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general computational scheme to evaluate the effects of single point mutations on ligand binding is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Keränen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
- Uppsala University
- Biomedical Center
- SE-751 24 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
- Uppsala University
- Biomedical Center
- SE-751 24 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
- Uppsala University
- Biomedical Center
- SE-751 24 Uppsala
- Sweden
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Keränen H, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Åqvist J. Structural and energetic effects of A2A adenosine receptor mutations on agonist and antagonist binding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108492. [PMID: 25285959 PMCID: PMC4186821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict structural and energetic effects of point mutations on ligand binding is of considerable interest in biochemistry and pharmacology. This is not only useful in connection with site-directed mutagenesis experiments, but could also allow interpretation and prediction of individual responses to drug treatment. For G-protein coupled receptors systematic mutagenesis has provided the major part of functional data as structural information until recently has been very limited. For the pharmacologically important A(2A) adenosine receptor, extensive site-directed mutagenesis data on agonist and antagonist binding is available and crystal structures of both types of complexes have been determined. Here, we employ a computational strategy, based on molecular dynamics free energy simulations, to rationalize and interpret available alanine-scanning experiments for both agonist and antagonist binding to this receptor. These computer simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental data and, most importantly, reveal the molecular details behind the observed effects which are often not immediately evident from the crystal structures. The work further provides a distinct validation of the computational strategy used to assess effects of point-mutations on ligand binding. It also highlights the importance of considering not only protein-ligand interactions but also those mediated by solvent water molecules, in ligand design projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Keränen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez D, Ranganathan A, Carlsson J. Strategies for improved modeling of GPCR-drug complexes: blind predictions of serotonin receptors bound to ergotamine. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2004-21. [PMID: 25030302 DOI: 10.1021/ci5002235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in the number of atomic-resolution structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has contributed to a deeper understanding of ligand binding to several important drug targets. However, reliable modeling of GPCR-ligand complexes for the vast majority of receptors with unknown structure remains to be one of the most challenging goals for computer-aided drug design. The GPCR Dock 2013 assessment, in which researchers were challenged to predict the crystallographic structures of serotonin 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(2B) receptors bound to ergotamine, provided an excellent opportunity to benchmark the current state of this field. Our contributions to GPCR Dock 2013 accurately predicted the binding mode of ergotamine with RMSDs below 1.8 Å for both receptors, which included the best submissions for the 5-HT(1B) complex. Our models also had the most accurate description of the binding sites and receptor-ligand contacts. These results were obtained using a ligand-guided homology modeling approach, which combines extensive molecular docking screening with incorporation of information from multiple crystal structures and experimentally derived restraints. In this work, we retrospectively analyzed thousands of structures that were generated during the assessment to evaluate our modeling strategies. Major contributors to accuracy were found to be improved modeling of extracellular loop two in combination with the use of molecular docking to optimize the binding site for ligand recognition. Our results suggest that modeling of GPCR-drug complexes has reached a level of accuracy at which structure-based drug design could be applied to a large number of pharmaceutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University , Box 1031, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
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Discovery of simplified N2-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel adenosine receptor antagonists: Efficient synthetic approaches, biological evaluations and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1751-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Molecular Modeling of Adenosine Receptors. Methods Enzymol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407865-9.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Sirci F, Goracci L, Rodríguez D, van Muijlwijk-Koezen J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Mannhold R. Ligand-, structure- and pharmacophore-based molecular fingerprints: a case study on adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor antagonists. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1247-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mansourian M, Madadkar-Sobhani A, Mahnam K, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Characterization of adenosine receptor in its native environment: insights from molecular dynamics simulations of palmitoylated/glycosylated, membrane-integrated human A(2B) adenosine receptor. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4309-24. [PMID: 22570080 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective A(2B) receptor antagonists and agonists may play a role in important pathologies such as gastrointestinal, neurological (i.e., Alzheimer disease and dementia) and hypersensitive disorders (i.e., asthma), diabetes, atherosclerosis, restenosis and cancer. Hence, it is regarded as a good target for the development of clinically useful agents. In this study, the effects of lipid bilayer, N-acetylglucosamine and S-palmitoyl on the dynamic behavior of A(2B)AR model is explored. Homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore structural features of A(2B)AR in the presence of lipid bilayer. Twenty ns MD simulation was performed on the constructed model inserted in a hydrated lipid bilayer to examine stability of the best model. OSIP339391 as the most potent antagonist was docked in the active site of the model. Another MD simulation was performed on the ligand-protein complex to explore effects of the bilayer on this complex. A similar procedure was performed for the modified protein with N-acetylglucosamine and S-palmitoyl moieties in its structure. Phe173 and Glu174 located in EL2 were determined to be involved in ligand-receptor interactions through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. Asn254 was crucial to form hydrogen-bonding. The reliability of the model was assessed through docking using both commercial and synthetic antagonists and an r(2) of 0.70 was achieved. Our results show that molecular dynamics simulations of palmitoylated/glycosylated, membrane-integrated human A(2B)AR in its native environment is a possible approach and this model can be used for designing potent and selective A(2B)AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Update 1 of: computational modeling approaches to structure-function analysis of G protein-coupled receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR438-535. [PMID: 22165845 DOI: 10.1021/cr100437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Cheong SL, Federico S, Venkatesan G, Mandel AL, Shao YM, Moro S, Spalluto G, Pastorin G. The A3 adenosine receptor as multifaceted therapeutic target: pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and in silico approaches. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:235-335. [PMID: 22095687 DOI: 10.1002/med.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an ubiquitous local modulator that regulates various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating four membrane receptors, namely A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). Among these G protein-coupled receptors, the A(3) subtype is found mainly in the lung, liver, heart, eyes, and brain in our body. It has been associated with cerebroprotection and cardioprotection, as well as modulation of cellular growth upon its selective activation. On the other hand, its inhibition by selective antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of pathological conditions including glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In this review, we focused on the pharmacology and the therapeutic implications of the human (h)A(3) adenosine receptor (AR), together with an overview on the progress of hA(3) AR agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators, and radioligands, as well as on the recent advances pertaining to the computational approaches (e.g., quantitative structure-activity relationships, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations) applied to the modeling of hA(3) AR and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Rodríguez D, Piñeiro Á, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Insights into Key Structural Elements of Adenosine Receptors. Biochemistry 2011; 50:4194-208. [DOI: 10.1021/bi200100t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), planta-2, A Choupana, s/n E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), planta-2, A Choupana, s/n E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Tuccinardi T, Zizzari AT, Brullo C, Daniele S, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Martinelli A, Giorgi G, Botta M. Substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as human A1 adenosine antagonists: Developments in understanding the receptor stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4448-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Phatak SS, Gatica EA, Cavasotto CN. Ligand-Steered Modeling and Docking: A Benchmarking Study in Class A G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 50:2119-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ci100285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharangdhar S. Phatak
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 690, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Edgar A. Gatica
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 690, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Claudio N. Cavasotto
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 690, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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The crystallographic structure of the human adenosine A2A receptor in a high-affinity antagonist-bound state: implications for GPCR drug screening and design. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:401-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Structural features of adenosine receptors: from crystal to function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1233-44. [PMID: 20595055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The important role that extracellular adenosine plays in many physiological processes is mediated by the adenosine class of G protein-coupled receptors, a class of receptors that also responds to the antagonist caffeine, the most widely used pharmacological agent in the world. The crystallographic model of the human adenosine A(2A) receptor was recently solved to 2.6Å in complex with the antagonist ZM241385, which is also referred to as "super-caffeine" because of its strong antagonistic effect on adenosine receptors. The crystallographic model revealed some unexpected and unusual features of the adenosine A(2A) receptor structure that have led to new studies on the receptor and the re-examination of pre-existing data. Compared to other known GPCR structures, the adenosine A(2A) receptor has a unique ligand binding pocket that is nearly perpendicular to the membrane plane. The ligand binding site highlights the integral role of the helical core together with the extracellular loops and the four disulfide bridges in the extracellular domain, in ligand recognition by the adenosine class of GPCRs.
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Kara FM, Doty SB, Boskey A, Goldring S, Zaidi M, Fredholm BB, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A(1) receptors regulate bone resorption in mice: adenosine A(1) receptor blockade or deletion increases bone density and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in adenosine A(1) receptor-knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:534-41. [PMID: 20112380 DOI: 10.1002/art.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption plays a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Because identifying the molecular pathways that regulate osteoclast activity provides a key to understanding the causes of these diseases and developing new treatments, we studied the effect of adenosine A(1) receptor blockade or deletion on bone density. METHODS The bone mineral density (BMD) in adenosine A(1) receptor-knockout (A(1)R-knockout) mice was analyzed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, and the trabecular and cortical bone volume was determined by microfocal computed tomography (micro-CT). The mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated, and 5 weeks after surgery, when osteopenia had developed, several parameters were analyzed by DXA scanning and micro-CT. A histologic examination of bones obtained from A(1)R-knockout and wild-type mice was carried out. Visualization of osteoblast function (bone formation) after tetracycline double-labeling was performed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis of bones from A(1)R-knockout mice showed significantly increased bone volume. Electron microscopy of bones from A(1)R-knockout mice showed the absence of ruffled borders of osteoclasts and osteoclast bone resorption. Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated that although osteoclasts were present in the A(1)R-knockout mice, they were smaller and often not associated with bone. No morphologic changes in osteoblasts were observed, and bone-labeling studies revealed no change in the bone formation rates in A(1)R-knockout mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the adenosine A(1) receptor may be a useful target in treating diseases characterized by excessive bone turnover, such as osteoporosis and prosthetic joint loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas M Kara
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Jaakola VP, Lane JR, Lin JY, Katritch V, Ijzerman AP, Stevens RC. Ligand binding and subtype selectivity of the human A(2A) adenosine receptor: identification and characterization of essential amino acid residues. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13032-44. [PMID: 20147292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.096974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the human A(2A) adenosine receptor bound to the A(2A) receptor-specific antagonist, ZM241385, was recently determined at 2.6-A resolution. Surprisingly, the antagonist binds in an extended conformation, perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, and indicates a number of interactions unidentified before in ZM241385 recognition. To further understand the selectivity of ZM241385 for the human A(2A) adenosine receptor, we examined the effect of mutating amino acid residues within the binding cavity likely to have key interactions and that have not been previously examined. Mutation of Phe-168 to Ala abolishes both agonist and antagonist binding as well as receptor activity, whereas mutation of this residue to Trp or Tyr had only moderate effects. The Met-177 --> Ala mutation impeded antagonist but not agonist binding. Finally, the Leu-249 --> Ala mutant showed neither agonist nor antagonist binding affinity. From our results and previously published mutagenesis data, we conclude that conserved residues Phe-168(5.29), Glu-169(5.30), Asn-253(6.55), and Leu-249(6.51) play a central role in coordinating the bicyclic core present in both agonists and antagonists. By combining the analysis of the mutagenesis data with a comparison of the sequences of different adenosine receptor subtypes from different species, we predict that the interactions that determine subtype selectivity reside in the more divergent "upper" region of the binding cavity while the "lower" part of the binding cavity is conserved across adenosine receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Pekka Jaakola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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23
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Paoletta S, Federico S, Spalluto G, Moro S. Receptor-driven identification of novel human A₃ adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Methods Enzymol 2010; 485:225-44. [PMID: 21050920 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381296-4.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The field of therapeutic application of the A₃ adenosine receptor (A₃AR) antagonists represents a rapidly growing and intense area of research in the adenosine field. Even if there are currently no A₃AR antagonists in clinical phases, in light of the plethora of biological effects attributed to A₃ARs, substantial efforts in medicinal chemistry have been directed toward developing antagonists for the A₃AR subtype. In this review, we summarize the more recent and promising evidences of the possible A₃AR application as drug candidates, and the role of the receptor-driven design in their in silico characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, Padova, Italy
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24
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Suzuki T, Namba K, Yamagishi R, Kaneko H, Haga T, Nakata H. A highly conserved tryptophan residue in the fourth transmembrane domain of the A1adenosine receptor is essential for ligand binding but not receptor homodimerization. J Neurochem 2009; 110:1352-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Enhanced activity or resistance of adenosine derivatives towards adenosine deaminase-catalyzed deamination: Influence of ribose modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2877-9. [PMID: 19361992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the presence of the 1'-C-methyl group and 2',3'-O-substitution in the adenosine structure on ADA activity has been investigated by modeling studies. Results show that the 2'- and 3'-O- substituents are harbored in a quite large cavity of intermediate polarity, whereas the 1'-C-substituent clashes against Ala180 distorting the architecture of the catalytic centre. Globally, the study emphasizes the ability of ADA to transform a large set of 2',3'-O-substituted adenosine analogues as well as the opportunity to design 1'-C-substituted adenosine derivatives resistant to ADA-catalyzed deamination.
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26
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Franchetti P, Cappellacci L, Vita P, Petrelli R, Lavecchia A, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Marabese I, Luongo L, Maione S, Grifantini M. N6-Cycloalkyl- and N6-Bicycloalkyl-C5′(C2′)-modified Adenosine Derivatives as High-Affinity and Selective Agonists at the Human A1 Adenosine Receptor with Antinociceptive Effects in Mice. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2393-406. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palmarisa Franchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vita
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy, Institut für Pharmakologie and Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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27
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Jaakola VP, Griffith MT, Hanson MA, Cherezov V, Chien EYT, Lane JR, Ijzerman AP, Stevens RC. The 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a human A2A adenosine receptor bound to an antagonist. Science 2008; 322:1211-7. [PMID: 18832607 PMCID: PMC2586971 DOI: 10.1126/science.1164772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1417] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediates the important role of extracellular adenosine in many physiological processes and is antagonized by caffeine. We have determined the crystal structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor, in complex with a high-affinity subtype-selective antagonist, ZM241385, to 2.6 angstrom resolution. Four disulfide bridges in the extracellular domain, combined with a subtle repacking of the transmembrane helices relative to the adrenergic and rhodopsin receptor structures, define a pocket distinct from that of other structurally determined GPCRs. The arrangement allows for the binding of the antagonist in an extended conformation, perpendicular to the membrane plane. The binding site highlights an integral role for the extracellular loops, together with the helical core, in ligand recognition by this class of GPCRs and suggests a role for ZM241385 in restricting the movement of a tryptophan residue important in the activation mechanism of the class A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Pekka Jaakola
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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28
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Bavaresco CS, Chiarani F, Kolling J, Ramos DB, Cognato GP, Bonan CD, Bogo MR, Sarkis JJF, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine alters striatal ectonucleotidase activities: a time-dependent effect. Brain Res 2008; 1239:198-206. [PMID: 18775418 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine on ectonucleotidase (E-NTPDases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase) activities and expressions in the striatum of rats. The effect of pre-treatment with vitamins E and C on the effects elicited by this oxypurine on enzymatic activities and on thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) was also investigated. The effect of pre-incubation with hypoxanthine on nucleotide hydrolysis in striatum homogenate was also determined. Adult Wistar rats were divided into (1) control and (2) hypoxanthine-injected groups. For ectonucleotidase activity determination, the animals were sacrificed at 30 min, 24 h and 7 days after drug infusion. For the evaluation of the expression of NTPDase 1-3 and also ecto-5'-nucleotidase, TBARS assay and the influence of the pre-treatment with vitamins on ectonucleotidase activities, the animals were sacrificed 24 h after hypoxanthine infusion. Results show that hypoxanthine infusion significantly inhibited ectonucleotidase activities and increased TBARS only 24 h after administration. Pre-treatment with vitamins was able to prevent these effects. Moreover, ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression was increased (80%) at 24 h after hypoxanthine infusion. We suggest that these hypoxanthine-induced biochemical modifications could, at least in part, participate in the pathophysiology of Lesch Nyhan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren S Bavaresco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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29
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Tuccinardi T, Schenone S, Bondavalli F, Brullo C, Bruno O, Mosti L, Zizzari AT, Tintori C, Manetti F, Ciampi O, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Martinelli A, Botta M. Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as Potent A1 Adenosine Antagonists: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Development of an A1 Bovine Receptor Model. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:898-913. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Gilchrist A. A perspective on more effective GPCR-targeted drug discovery efforts. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:375-89. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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