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Dellatte E, Abate V, Abballe A, De Filippis SP, De Luca S, Ferri F, Fulgenzi AR, Iacovella N, Iamiceli AL, Ingelido AM, Marra V, Miniero R, Valentini S, Bressanelli M, Schivardi MR, De Felip E. Human biomonitoring of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in women living in a Northern Italy industrial area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33942-2. [PMID: 38913259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In Brescia , a highly industrialized city in the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) classified as a SIN (Contaminated Site of National Interest), a human biomonitoring study was carried out on breast milk of two groups of women residing in areas with presumably different levels of exposure to polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorobiphenyls. This study was aimed at evaluating the possible difference between women living in Brescia and women living far from it but in the same Region. Between 2016 and 2018, 82 women were enrolled (41 "exposed" subjects and 41 "not exposed"), breast milk samples were collected, and a specific questionnaire was administered to the donors. Data obtained were processed by robust regression and Principal Component Factor Analysis. The differences in concentration between the two groups were significant for all the classes of analytes (except for PCDDs). The concentration increase rates from the not exposed to the exposed group resulted highly significant: some PCB congeners showed increase rates more than 1000 ng/g lb per one-unit change of the independent variable. Among the variables significantly associated with the observed concentrations, age showed the greatest influence, while BMI showed a counteracting effect. Consumption of vegetable oil and fruit resulted to possibly influence the chemicals body burden. For the not exposed group, the levels appear to be in line with the decreasing trend (2001-2018) observed for these contaminants in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dellatte
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Abate
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Abballe
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Paola De Filippis
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Luca
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ferri
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fulgenzi
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Iacovella
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Iamiceli
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ingelido
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Marra
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Miniero
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentini
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Bressanelli
- Department of Prevention, Public Health and Hygiene Service Environmental Medicine and I.A.N., ATS Brescia, Viale Duca degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Elena De Felip
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Simpson AK, Drysdale M, Gamberg M, Froese K, Brammer J, Dumas P, Ratelle M, Skinner K, Laird BD. Human biomonitoring of dioxins, furans, and non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma from Old Crow, Yukon, Canada (2019). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171222. [PMID: 38408666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent and toxic chemicals that are known to have human health effects at low levels. These chemicals have been produced for commercial use (PCBs) or unintentionally as by-products of industry or natural processes (PCBs, dioxins, and furans). Additionally, dioxin-like PCBs were formerly used in electrical applications before being banned internationally (2004). These chemicals are widely dispersed in the environment as they can contaminate air and travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers before depositing on land or water, thereafter, potentially entering food chains. Community concerns surrounding the safety of traditional foods prompted a human biomonitoring project in Old Crow, Yukon Territory (YT), Canada (2019). Through collaborative community engagement, dioxins and like compounds were identified as a priority for exposure assessment from biobanked samples. In 2022, biobanked plasma samples (n = 54) collected in Old Crow were used to measure exposures to seven dioxins, ten furans, and four dioxin-like PCBs. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were detected in at least 50 % of samples. Among these analytes, the only congener at elevated levels was PCB 169, which was approximately ∼2-fold higher than the general population of Canada. No significant sex-based or body mass index (BMI) differences in biomarker concentrations were observed. Generally, the concentrations of the detected congeners increased with age, except for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. For the first time, this research measures dioxin and like-compound exposures in Old Crow, advancing the information available on chemical exposures in the Arctic. Further research could be directed towards the investigation of PCB 169 exposure sources and temporal monitoring of exposures and determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn K Simpson
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mallory Drysdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mary Gamberg
- Gamberg Consulting, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 6N5, Canada
| | - Ken Froese
- GatePost Risk Analysis, Red Deer, Alberta T4R 0A9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Brammer
- Vuntut Gwitchin Government, Old Crow, Yukon Y0B 1N0, Canada.
| | - Pierre Dumas
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Mylène Ratelle
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada.
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Brian D Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Santa-Marina L, Irizar A, Barroeta Z, Abad E, Lertxundi A, Ibarluzea J, Parera J, Urbieta N, Arruti E, Jimeno-Romero A, Zubero MB. Serum levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs in general population residing far and near from an urban waste treatment plant under construction in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116721. [PMID: 37482131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on investigating the basal serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the general population residing in two urban-industrial zones near and far from an energy recovery plant under construction in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (Spain). The study used a cross-sectional design and included 227 participants who were randomly selected from municipal censuses in both areas. The participants were stratified based on age (ranging from 18 to 70 years) and sex. Serum samples were collected from the participants and analysed following the established protocol to measure the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. The study used multiple linear regression models to assess the impact of various sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and diet on the variability of the measured compounds in the participants' serum. The median total toxicity equivalent (TEQ) in serum, was 10.58 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g-1 lipid. Serum PCDD levels were lower in the population residing in the "far" zone than the "near" zone. Age was positively associated with both PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels, indicating that older participants had higher concentrations of these compounds in their serum. This finding might be attributed to cumulative exposure over time. In terms of sex differences, women exhibited lower levels of dl-PCBs compared to men. Among lifestyle factors, smokers showed lower levels of dl-PCBs compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, daily alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher serum levels of these compounds, with daily drinkers showing higher levels than non-drinkers. Consumption of local poultry was associated with significantly higher serum levels and oil consumption with low levels of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Santa-Marina
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ziortza Barroeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Parera
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Urbieta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elene Arruti
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Begoña Zubero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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4
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Determinants of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in the Italian population in the last decades. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47012-47024. [PMID: 36735124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial products extensively used in the past. Because of their widespread presence and toxic effects, the international community adopted control measures to reduce their release into the environment. Currently, PCB concentrations are decreasing, but humans are still exposed. In this paper, we reported the results of a study concerning PCB concentrations in human serum samples collected in Italy over two decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the trend of major determinants of PCB human exposure, several decades after the end of their production. PCB concentrations ranged over three orders of magnitude (from 0.4 to 958 ng/g lipid), with a median value of 85 ng/g lipid. We identified age, sampling year, body mass index, sex, and living near hot spots or being occupationally exposed as relevant factors in determining body burden. Our results can give indications to refine regulatory policies on PCBs in Italy, with particular attention to the disposal of residue PCB-containing products. To improve control measures can further decrease the exposure of citizens to PCBs, limit health implications, and improve citizens' perception about chemical risk management.
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Lin Y, Feng C, Le S, Qiu X, Xu Q, Jin S, Fang Y, Jin Y, Wen Y, Wang G, Lu D. Infant Exposure to PCBs and PBDEs Revealed by Hair and Human Milk Analysis: Evaluation of Hair as an Alternative Biomatrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15912-15919. [PMID: 36301106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human hair, as an emerging biological monitoring matrix, has begun to be used in various human exposure studies, but little research has been done on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially for the body burden of POPs in infants. In this study, 36 breast-fed infants in Shanghai were recruited for a study to determine their exposure to POPs, including 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), 6 indicator PCBs, and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the inner layer (internal) and outer layer (external) of infant hair and human milk. The similarity or difference of the POP distribution pattern or concentration among these matrices was investigated, and only weak correlations (r < 0.4) were observed between the POP concentration in human milk and infant hair (internal or external). POPs in human milk have a different profile than those in infant hair, while they have stable concentration ratios (0.58-2.72), similar distribution patterns, fine Spearman's rank correlations, and tangled principal component analysis (PCA) plots in each POP family between external and internal hair samples. The result suggested that POPs in internal hair can be easily affected by those in external hair, but POPs in human milk seem to have little contribution to the POP profile in internal hair. Although infant hair cannot reflect the POPs from diet or from body burden, it can be an ideal biomatrix that estimates infant exposure to POPs from exogenous sources like house dust when considering the similar pattern of POPs and their proper accumulation period in hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shuping Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yamin Fang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200336, China
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Peng J, Jiang Y, Ai C, Liu Y, Lin X, Zhou J, Zhang J. Body burden and influencing factors of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in male workers from a municipal waste incineration plant in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119272. [PMID: 35413407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) have aroused public concern around the world. However, biomonitoring evidence regarding the influence of MSWIs on the human body burden of PCDD/Fs is scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the human body burden levels of PCDD/Fs in MSWI workers and to further explore the potential influencing factors, including duration of occupation and dietary habits, on the PCDD/F levels. A total of 98 paired serum samples from MSWI workers and non-MSWI workers were collected. Seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/Fs in the serums were analyzed using an isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). The results showed that the mean levels of toxic equivalent (TEQ)-PCDD/Fs for the MSWI workers and the control group were 18.28 pg TEQ g-1 lipid and 5.81 pg TEQ g-1 lipid, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/Fs existed in the incinerator workers compared with the control subjects after adjustment of the confounding factors. OCDD was the most abundant congener in both the MSWI workers and the control subjects, accounting for 82.2% and 89.4% of the ∑17PCDD/Fs, respectively. The serum levels of PCDFs in the MSWI workers increased with the duration of occupation (β = 0.498, P = 0.031), and a higher total concentration of PCDD/Fs were present in senior workers classified as production supervisors than routine operation staff (β = 8.809, P = 0.008). No significant relationship was found between the PCDD/F concentrations and dietary habits. This study was the first to explore the associations between the body burden of PCDD/Fs and occupational exposure as well as dietary intake of MSWI workers in China. The findings provide scientific information for health risk assessments of human exposure to PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Chunyan Ai
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518017, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Lin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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7
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Seo SH, Kwon SY, Choi SD, Chang YS. Twenty-year trends and exposure assessment of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in human serum from the Seoul citizens. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128558. [PMID: 33066967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in air (n = 108) and human serum (n = 1802) samples collected over 20 years to evaluate the long-term exposure to PCDD/Fs and health effects on the Korean general population. The serum PCDD/F levels were higher in males than in females and were significantly correlated with age, body mass index, and manifestation of diabetes mellitus. From 2000 to 2019, the PCDD/F levels declined by 96% in the air, but only by 36% in the serum, because PCDD/Fs are relatively stable in the human body and are exposed to humans after PCDD/Fs are distributed and migrated in various environmental matrices. The PCDD/F levels in other environmental matrices have also decreased at rates that differed among the matrices due to the different retention times and changes in continuous input of contaminants. As PCDD/Fs migrate from environmental matrices to the human body, the fraction of PCDDs increased whereas that of PCDFs decreased because of their relatively short half-lives. This study provides a concrete evidence that PCDD/F emissions by national regulations can achieve long-term reduction in human exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest and largest study to evaluate the long-term trends and annual changes of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere and human serum, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Seo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Yun Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Bao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Shi L, Li J, Meng G, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Dioxin-like compounds in paired maternal serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110339. [PMID: 32143103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serum and breast milk are both important biological samples to evaluate body burden of dioxin-like compounds which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). We collected maternal serum at early pregnancy, and breast milk at 3-8 weeks after delivery from 55 mothers living in Beijing, China, and measured 29 dioxin-like compounds in these samples. The sampling intervals in this study were extended up to 10 months to analyze differences of contents between serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. The results showed that mean TEq level of PCDD/Fs in serum (9.8 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was 1.7 times higher than that in milk (4.5 pg TEq g-1 lipid), while the TEq concentrations of dl-PCBs in serum (1.2 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was significantly lower than that in milk (2.0 pg TEq g-1 lipid). There were only two congeners, OCDD (r = 0.32) and PCB105 (r = 0.33), the correlations of which between serum and milk were significant. The differences in distributions of congeners in serum and milk might be influenced by number of chlorine substituents and structures of congeners. In addition, maternal age and BMI were positively and negatively correlated with mass concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in milk and serum respectively. These results suggest that, compared with serum, it is limited to use breast milk to assess long-term exposure for the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Guimin Meng
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
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Tanner EM, Bloom MS, Kannan K, Lynch J, Wang W, Yucel R, Fitzgerald EF. A longitudinal study of polychlorinated biphenyls and neuropsychological function among older adults from New York State. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 223:1-9. [PMID: 31706927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have linked greater polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure to adverse neuropsychological effects in older adults, including learning, memory, and depressive symptoms. However, no studies among older adults have evaluated the association over time. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of serum PCB levels on neuropsychological function over a 14-year period in a cohort of older men and women from a PCB-contaminated area of New York State. METHODS In 2000-2002, we assessed serum PCB levels and neuropsychological function (including the California Verbal Learning Test Trial 1 (CVLTT1) for verbal memory and learning, and the Beck Depression Index (BDI) for depressive symptoms) in 253 men and women, ages 55-74 years. A total of 116 (46%) persons repeated the PCB and neuropsychological assessment 14 years later. To assess the association over time, we used generalized estimating equations with clustering variables time, total PCB (∑PCB), and ∑PCB × time, and adjusted for baseline age, sex, smoking, and total serum-lipids. For statistically significant ∑PCB × time interactions, we evaluated the association between PCBs and either verbal memory and learning or depressive symptoms while holding ∑PCB constant at the 10th and 90th percentiles to clarify the direction of the interaction. RESULTS Over the study period, serum ∑PCB levels (wet-weight) declined by 22%, and were associated with different patterns of change over time for memory (∑PCB × Time β = 0.08 p = 0.009) and depressive symptoms (∑PCB × Time β = -0.16 p = 0.013). Specifically, verbal memory and learning decreased (β = -0.08 p = 0.008) and depressive symptoms increased (β = 0.17 p = 0.008) among persons with low exposure (∑PCB levels at the 10th percentile), while persons with high exposure (90th percentile) showed non-significant improvements. DISCUSSION In this cohort, declining ∑PCB levels were likely due at least in part to low rates of local fish consumption in recent decades, given the ban since 1976. The decreased verbal memory and learning and increased depressive symptoms over time among persons with low serum ∑PCB levels is consistent with studies of normative aging. However, the small improvements in those outcomes among those with high serum ∑PCB levels was unexpected. Healthy survivor selection bias or uncontrolled confounding may explain this result. It may also indicate that the neurotoxic impacts of PCBs in older adults are not permanent, but future studies are needed to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Tanner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Julie Lynch
- Albany Neuropsychological Associates, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Recai Yucel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Edward F Fitzgerald
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
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Berg V, Nøst TH, Sandanger TM, Rylander C. Predicting human plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants from dietary intake and socio-demographic information in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1311-1318. [PMID: 30415879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans are influenced by a large number of factors including birth year, reproductive history and diet. Accordingly, information on dietary habits and socio-demographic variables may predict plasma concentrations of POPs, thus enabling studies on health effects in large epidemiological studies, without performing time consuming and expensive chemical analyses on entire cohorts. AIMS To develop and evaluate statistical models for predicting concentrations of POPs in participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study, using questionnaire information and measured plasma POP concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on estimated dietary intakes and socio-demographic variables from four different questionnaires (in 1991, 1994, 2004 and 2005) were obtained from participants in the NOWAC study. We measured POP concentrations in a total of 367 blood samples from 2005 and built multivariable linear regression models for p,p'-DDE, PCB-118, -138, -153, -180 and summed PCB concentrations in one subsample (N = 259) and evaluated the models in another subsample (N = 108). Measured and predicted values were compared using correlation coefficients and inter-method agreement was evaluated using weighted Cohen's κ for tertile categorization. RESULTS Median POP concentrations in the population ranged from 13 ng/g lipid to 162 ng/g lipid (lowest for PCB-118 and highest for p,p'-DDE). Common predictors for all POPs were birth year, breastfeeding and the weight-related variables (BMI or weight change), whereas influential dietary variables differed and were of varying importance. The predicted plasma concentrations were significantly correlated with the measured values (rs = 0.24, 0.33, 0.41, 0.50, 0.56, and 0.54 for p,p'-DDE, PCB-118, -138, 153, -180 and summed PCBs, respectively). Tertiles of predicted plasma concentrations displayed significant, but varying agreement with measured concentrations (Weighted Cohen's κ = 0.19, 0.22, 0.33, 0.42, 0.45, and 0.50 respectively). CONCLUSION Predicted plasma concentrations of certain PCBs showed good precision (Kw > 0.4) when compared to measured concentrations. Thus, the models can be used to classify NOWAC participants into high, medium and low PCB exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Berg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North-Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel Manning Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Jansen A, Polder A, Müller MHB, Skjerve E, Aaseth J, Lyche JL. Increased levels of persistent organic pollutants in serum one year after a great weight loss in humans: Are the levels exceeding health based guideline values? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1317-1326. [PMID: 29890598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing prevalence of obesity, an increased number of bariatric surgeries are being performed. Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are stored in adipose tissue, and an increased release of lipophilic POPs into the blood circulation may occur following rapid weight loss such as after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare POP levels in serum before and after bariatric surgery, and to assess if the POP levels exceeded health based guideline values, with particular focus on women of childbearing age (WCBA). METHODS Serum samples from 63 patients before and one year after bariatric surgery were analysed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). RESULTS Mean weight loss one year after surgery was 32.1kg. The levels of all the analysed POPs in serum increased during the study period. Median levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzen (HCB) and PCB-153 increased from 90.2ng/g lipid weight (lw) to 158.5ng/glw, from 21.1ng/glw to 36.4ng/glw and from 48.7ng/glw to 71.5ng/glw, respectively. The highest percentage increase was observed for PCB -138, with 83.1%. BFRs were detected in low sample numbers and at low levels. Guideline values for ΣPCB6 in serum were exceeded for 5% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss after bariatric surgery resulted in increases of POPs levels in serum between 46.7%-83.1%. Guideline values for ΣPCB6 in serum were exceeded for 5% of the participants. For WCBA, the possible transfer of comparable levels to infants warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Jansen
- Center for Morbid Obesity, Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kyrre Grepps Gate 11, N-2819 Gjøvik, Norway; Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette H B Müller
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger Hospital Division, Parkveien 35, N-2212 Kongsvinger, Norway; Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 400, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Ingelido AM, Abate V, Abballe A, Albano FL, Battista T, Carraro V, Conversano M, Corvetti R, De Luca S, Franchini S, Fulgenzi AR, Giambanco L, Iacovella N, Iamiceli AL, Maiorana A, Maneschi F, Marra V, Pirola F, Porpora MG, Procopio E, Suma N, Valentini S, Valsenti L, Vecchiè V, De Felip E. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorobiphenyls in women of reproductive age in Italy: A human biomonitoring study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:378-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Ziegler S, Schettgen T, Beier F, Wilop S, Quinete N, Esser A, Masouleh BK, Ferreira MSV, Vankann L, Uciechowski P, Rink L, Kraus T, Brümmendorf TH, Ziegler P. Accelerated telomere shortening in peripheral blood lymphocytes after occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:289-300. [PMID: 27146145 PMCID: PMC5225163 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organochlorine pollutants with a worldwide dissemination. We examined telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood cells of 207 individuals with a high body burden of PCBs due to occupational exposure in a transformer recycling company. Whereas TL in granulocytes was not affected, the age-adjusted TL in lymphocytes (∆TLLymph) of exposed individuals was significantly shorter than expected [-0.77 kb; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.9316; -0.6052; p = 0.0001]. PCB exposure did not affect lymphocyte numbers or T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels in T cells, suggesting that PCBs cause loss of telomeric DNA in T cells due to their metabolic activation and antigen-stimulated proliferation. In support of this hypothesis, blood plasma levels of PCB-exposed individuals inhibited expression of telomerase, the telomere elongating enzyme in vitro in antigen-specific T cell proliferation assays. 3-OH-CB28, a downstream metabolite of the lower chlorinated PCB-28 in PCB-exposed individuals (mean blood plasma concentration: 0.185 ± 0.68 ng/mL), inhibited telomerase gene expression within 48 h of incubation in lymphoproliferative assays starting at a concentration of 0.27-6.75 µg/mL and accelerated telomere shortening in long-term cell culture experiments. Accelerated telomere shortening due to PCB exposure may lead to limitations of cell renewal and clonal expansion of lymphocyte populations. As PCB-related immune dysfunctions have been linked to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased risk of cancer, our data provide a possible explanation, for how PCBs could promote infections and cancer through limiting immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica S V Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucia Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Koh WX, Hornbuckle KC, Wang K, Thorne PS. Serum polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites are associated with demographic and behavioral factors in children and mothers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:538-545. [PMID: 27352881 PMCID: PMC4980156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Factors contributing to the inter-individual variation in body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have not been fully elucidated. We examined associations between total serum concentrations of 209 PCBs, 64 OH-PCBs, and frequently detected individual congeners with demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity and community of residence), body mass index (BMI or BMI percentile), and breastfeeding history in children and their mothers from 83 U.S. households. There was a significant positive association between age and concentrations of total PCBs and OH-PCBs in mothers. Non-Hispanics had significantly higher concentrations of total PCBs in mothers and OH-PCBs in children than Hispanics. Concentrations of total PCBs were significantly lower in mothers who had longer breastfeeding duration. Living in the Columbus Junction, Iowa community as compared to East Chicago, Indiana was associated with higher total PCBs in children, probably attributable to higher exposures at school. Lower concentrations of OH-PCBs were significantly associated with a higher BMI percentile in children. Congener-specific associations were observed for 30 PCB and 12 OH-PCB congeners and followed comparable trends. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine factors contributing to variations in serum concentrations of total 209 PCBs and total OH-PCBs in children, as well as to examine ethnic differences in OH-PCB levels. Results from this study revealed that demographic characteristics, body mass index and breastfeeding history are factors that should be considered for human exposure and risk assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Koh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
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Tuomisto J, Airaksinen R, Kiviranta H, Tukiainen E, Pekkanen J, Tuomisto JT. A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes. Toxicol Lett 2016; 261:41-48. [PMID: 27575567 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have found an association between the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and type 2 diabetes. Causality has remained uncertain. This study describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) both in a theoretical model based on elimination rate constants, and in a group of 409 adult surgical patients with known PCDD/F concentrations and dietary information. A model assuming 10% annual decrease in past PCDD/F intake, predicted the measured profile of TEQ (toxic equivalents) in the patient population fairly well. The dominant determinant of PCDD/F level was age, and the level in patients was also associated with consumption of animal source products. Predicted daily intakes correlated with diet, but also with body mass index (BMI), indicating that high BMI was preceded by high consumption of foods containing PCDD/Fs. The results suggest that a third factor, e.g. high intake of animal source foods, could explain both higher levels of POPs in the body and higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, and BMI is not sufficient in describing the confounding caused by diet. Thus, to fully address the causality between POPs and type 2 diabetes, careful studies considering the pharmacokinetics of the studied compounds, and including the analysis of food consumption, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Tuomisto
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, FI-70200, Finland.
| | - Riikka Airaksinen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, FI-70200, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, FI-70200, Finland
| | - Erkki Tukiainen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, FI-70200, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni T Tuomisto
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, FI-70200, Finland
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16
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Caspersen IH, Kvalem HE, Haugen M, Brantsæter AL, Meltzer HM, Alexander J, Thomsen C, Frøshaug M, Bremnes NMB, Broadwell SL, Granum B, Kogevinas M, Knutsen HK. Determinants of plasma PCB, brominated flame retardants, and organochlorine pesticides in pregnant women and 3 year old children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:136-44. [PMID: 26749444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during prenatal and postnatal life has been extensively studied in relation to adverse health effects in children. OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify determinants of the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs; polybrominated biphenyl, PBB), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in blood samples from pregnant women and children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). METHODS Blood samples were collected from two independent subsamples within MoBa; a group of women (n=96) enrolled in mid-pregnancy during the years 2002-2008 and a group of 3 year old children (n=99) participating during 2010-2011. PCB congeners (74, 99, 138, 153, 180, 170, 194, 209, 105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, and 189), brominated flame retardants (PBDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and PBB-153), as well as the OCPs hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxychlordane, 4,4'dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 4,4'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were measured in both pregnant women and children. RESULTS Age, low parity, and low pre-pregnant BMI were the most important determinants of increased plasma concentrations of POPs in pregnant women. In 3 year old children, prolonged breastfeeding duration was a major determinant of increased POP concentrations. Estimated dietary exposure to PCBs during pregnancy was positively associated with plasma concentrations in 3 year old children, but not in pregnant women. Plasma concentrations were approximately 40% higher in children compared to pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Several factors associated with exposure and toxicokinetics, i.e. accumulation, excretion and transfer via breastmilk of POPs were the main predictors of POP levels in pregnant women and children. Diet, which is the main exposure source for these compounds in the general population, was found to predict PCB levels only among children. For the PBDEs, for which non-dietary sources are more important, toxicokinetic factors appeared to have less predictive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Engelstad Kvalem
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Lovisenberggata 13, NO-0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - May Frøshaug
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Berit Granum
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Haase H, Fahlenkamp A, Schettgen T, Esser A, Gube M, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Rink L. Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030295. [PMID: 27005643 PMCID: PMC4808958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) burden and several indicators of immune function was investigated as part of the HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) program, offering bio-monitoring to workers, relatives, and neighbors exposed to PCBs by a German transformers and capacitors recycling company. The present retrospective observational study evaluates the correlation of plasma levels of total PCBs, five indicator congeners (28, 101, 138, 153, 180), and seven dioxin-like congeners (105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, 189) with several parameters of immune function. The cross-sectional study was performed immediately after the end of exposure (258 subjects), and one (218 subjects), and two (177 subjects) years later. At the first time point, measurements showed significant positive correlation between congeners with low to medium chlorination and the relative proportion of CD19 positive B-cells among lymphocytes, as well as a negative correlation of PCB114 with serum IgM, and of PCB 28 with suppressor T-cell and NK-cell numbers. Congeners with a high degree of chlorination, in particular PCB157 and 189, were positively associated with expression of the activation marker CD25 on T-cells in the cohort of the second time point. No associations between PCB levels and IFN-y production by T-cells and killing by NK-cells were found. In conclusion, there were several effects on the cellular composition of adaptive immunity, affecting both T- and B-cells. However, the values were not generally outside the reference ranges for healthy adult individuals and did not indicate overt functional immunodeficiency, even in subjects with the uppermost PCB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin D-13355, Germany.
| | - Astrid Fahlenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Andre Esser
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Monika Gube
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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Burris HH, Baccarelli AA, Byun HM, Cantoral A, Just AC, Pantic I, Solano-Gonzalez M, Svensson K, Tamayo y Ortiz M, Zhao Y, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM. Offspring DNA methylation of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene is associated with maternal BMI, gestational age, and birth weight. Epigenetics 2015; 10:913-21. [PMID: 26252179 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal smoke exposure, maternal obesity, aberrant fetal growth, and preterm birth are all risk factors for offspring metabolic syndrome. Cord blood aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) DNA methylation is responsive to maternal smoking during pregnancy. AHRR serves not only to inhibit aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcription, which is involved in mediating xenobiotic metabolism, but it is also involved in cell growth and differentiation. Other than maternal smoking, other predictors of offspring AHRR DNA methylation status remain unknown; we sought to identify them among newborns. We enrolled pregnant women in the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City. Using pyrosequencing, we analyzed DNA methylation of 3 CpG sites within the AHRR gene promoter from the umbilical cord blood of 531 infants. We used generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of DNA methylation between CpG sites. Multivariable models were used to adjust for maternal age, BMI, education, parity, smoke-exposure, infant sex, gestational age, and birth weight-for-gestational age. AHRR DNA methylation was positively associated with maternal BMI (P = 0.0009) and negatively associated with the length of gestation (P < 0.0001) and birth weight-for-gestational age (P < 0.0001). AHRR DNA methylation was 2.1% higher in offspring of obese vs. normal weight mothers and 3.1% higher in preterm vs. term infants, representing a third and a half standard deviation differences in methylation, respectively. In conclusion, offspring AHRR DNA methylation was associated with maternal obesity during pregnancy as well as infant gestational age and birth weight-for-gestational age. Further work to discover the health impacts of altered AHRR DNA methylation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H Burris
- a Department of Neonatology ; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Newborn Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School ; Boston , MA USA.,b Department of Environmental Health ; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- b Department of Environmental Health ; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA.,c Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- c Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA.,d Human Nutrition Research Center; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- e Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health ; Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - Allan C Just
- b Department of Environmental Health ; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA
| | - Ivan Pantic
- e Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health ; Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- e Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health ; Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - Katherine Svensson
- f Department of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ; New York , NY USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo y Ortiz
- e Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health ; Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - Yan Zhao
- c Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston , MA USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- f Department of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ; New York , NY USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- e Center for Nutrition and Health Research; National Institute of Public Health ; Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
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19
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Góralczyk K, Struciński P, Wojtyniak B, Rabczenko D, Lindh CH, Jönsson BA, Toft G, Lenters V, Czaja K, Hernik A, Bonde JP, Pedersen HS, Zvyezday V, Ludwicki JK. Is the fact of parenting couples cohabitation affecting the serum levels of persistent organohalogen pollutants? Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Cequier E, Marcé RM, Becher G, Thomsen C. Comparing human exposure to emerging and legacy flame retardants from the indoor environment and diet with concentrations measured in serum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:54-59. [PMID: 25454220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between serum concentrations of emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in 46 Norwegian women and measured indoor air and dust concentrations of the HFRs as well as detailed information on diet and household factors. Hexabromobenzene (median 0.03ng/g lipid) and Dechlorane 602 (median 0.18ng/g lipid) were detected in about 50% of the samples and Dechlorane Plus syn (median 0.45ng/g lipid) and anti (median 0.85ng/g lipid) in more than 78%. The most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers were 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153; median 0.82ng/g lipid) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47; median 0.49ng/g lipid) detected in more than 70% of the samples. In the bivariate analysis, no consistent associations were observed between the biomonitoring data and measured concentrations in indoor air and dust. On the other hand, consumption of specific food items (mainly lamb/mutton and margarine) correlated significantly with more than two HFR serum concentrations, while this was not the case for household factors (electronic appliances). Only the significant bivariate associations with diet were confirmed by multivariate linear regression analyses, which might indicate a higher contribution from food compared to the indoor environment to the variation of the body burden of these HFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Cequier
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georg Becher
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Peters JL, Fabian MP, Levy JI. Combined impact of lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls and non-chemical risk factors on blood pressure in NHANES. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:93-9. [PMID: 24747555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure is associated with exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical risk factors, but epidemiological analyses to date have not assessed the combined effects of both chemical and non-chemical stressors on human populations in the context of cumulative risk assessment. We developed a novel modeling approach to evaluate the combined impact of lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and multiple non-chemical risk factors on four blood pressure measures using data for adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2008). We developed predictive models for chemical and other stressors. Structural equation models were applied to account for complex associations among predictors of stressors as well as blood pressure. Models showed that blood lead, serum PCBs, and established non-chemical stressors were significantly associated with blood pressure. Lead was the chemical stressor most predictive of diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, while PCBs had a greater influence on systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and blood cadmium was not a significant predictor of blood pressure. The simultaneously fit exposure models explained 34%, 43% and 52% of the variance for lead, cadmium and PCBs, respectively. The structural equation models were developed using predictors available from public data streams (e.g., U.S. Census), which would allow the models to be applied to any U.S. population exposed to these multiple stressors in order to identify high risk subpopulations, direct intervention strategies, and inform public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Papadopoulou E, Kogevinas M, Botsivali M, Pedersen M, Besselink H, Mendez MA, Fleming S, Hardie LJ, Knudsen LE, Wright J, Agramunt S, Sunyer J, Granum B, Gutzkow KB, Brunborg G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL, Sarri K, Chatzi L, Merlo DF, Kleinjans JC, Haugen M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds and birth outcomes in a European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:121-128. [PMID: 24691212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet can result in exposure to environmental contaminants including dioxins which may influence foetal growth. We investigated the association between maternal diet and birth outcomes by defining a dioxin-rich diet. We used validated food frequency questionnaires to assess the diet of pregnant women from Greece, Spain, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) bioassay in 604 maternal blood samples collected at delivery. We applied reduced rank regression to identify a dioxin-rich dietary pattern based on dioxin-like activity (DR-CALUX®) levels in maternal plasma, and calculated a dioxin-diet score as an estimate of adherence to this dietary pattern. In the five country population, dioxin-diet score was characterised by high consumption of red and white meat, lean and fatty fish, low-fat dairy and low consumption of salty snacks and high-fat cheese, during pregnancy. The upper tertile of the dioxin-diet score was associated with a change in birth weight of -121g (95% confidence intervals: -232, -10g) compared to the lower tertile after adjustment for confounders. A small non-significant reduction in gestational age was also observed (-1.4days, 95% CI: -3.8, 1.0days). Our results suggest that maternal diet might contribute to the exposure of the foetus to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and may be related to reduced birth weight. More studies are needed to develop updated dietary guidelines for women of reproductive age, aiming to the reduction of dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSERM (National Institute of Health Medical Research), Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, BP 170, La Tronche, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Silvia Agramunt
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Parc de Salut Mar, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Domenico F Merlo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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23
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Pieters R, Focant JF. Dioxin, furan and PCB serum levels in a South African Tswana population: comparing the polluting effects of using different cooking and heating fuels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:71-78. [PMID: 24531408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In South Africa, 26-50% of households use solid fuel for cooking food and heating houses. When used as fuel, wood and chlorinated waste are known sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, we compare PCDD/F, dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCB), and non-DL-PCB (NDL-PCB) levels in serum of 693 Tswana individuals in the North West province, who either burn solid biofuels or have access to electricity, gas, and paraffin. This is the first South African study on dioxin levels in humans with more than 100 participants. Serum was pooled according to fuel use, as well as to confounding factors such as gender and age. Solid-phase extraction was used to remove the target analytes from serum, after which the extracts were further refined automatically using a combination of multilayer sorbents. Compound concentrations were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry after high-resolution gas chromatography. Mean serum lipid content was determined enzymatically to be 5.91 ± 0.42 g/L. The PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels were similar to global concentrations reported for non-exposed adults. The mean of the total Toxic Equivalencies (ΣTEQ) was 6.9 ± 3.3 pg/g lipid and the mean NDL-PCB was 70.1 ± 42.8 ng/g lipid. The mean concentrations of the PCDDs, PCDFs and the corresponding World Health Organization-TEQ (WHO-TEQ) of the population using electricity, gas, and paraffin were greater than of those reliant on solid biomass (p = 0), whereas the DL-PCBs, their corresponding WHO-TEQ, and NDL-PCBs were greater for the population who use biofuels but not significantly so. The females had higher serum levels of the PCDDs (p = 0) and PCDFs (not significant) whereas the PCBs were higher for the males (p = 0). Breastfeeding women presented lower levels of all compound classes than their non-breastfeeding counterparts (p=0) and older subjects manifested greater pollutant loads than the younger generation (p = 0). For our study population, being regularly exposed to the combustion of solid biofuels caused higher serum levels of DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs but not of PCDDs and PCDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag X6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry, CART, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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24
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Esposito M, Serpe FP, Diletti G, Messina G, Scortichini G, La Rocca C, Baldi L, Amorena M, Monda M. Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in a population living in the Naples area, southern Italy. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 94:62-69. [PMID: 24112656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs) in blood serum obtained from non-occupationally exposed volunteers living in the Naples area (Campania Region, southern Italy). The samples were taken from two geographical zones: one was an urban area of Naples and its surroundings and the other was located in an area deemed to be at high environmental risk. Total mean concentrations of these persistent pollutants proved to be in the range 1.43-17.38 pg WHO-TEQ1998 g(-1) lipid for PCDD/Fs, and 0.98-25.45 pg WHO-TEQ1998 g(-1) lipid for DL-PCBs. NDL-PCBs were in the range 316.57-482.90 ng g(-1) lipid. No significant differences were observed between women and men, nor between donors living in the two different areas. The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the population living in the Naples area were lower than those observed in some studies of populations living in exposed areas (near incineration plants or industrial sites) and urban or rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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25
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Papadopoulou E, Caspersen IH, Kvalem HE, Knutsen HK, Duarte-Salles T, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kogevinas M, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M. Maternal dietary intake of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and birth size in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:209-216. [PMID: 24071022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet not only provides essential nutrients to the developing fetus but is also a source of prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants. We investigated the association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs during pregnancy and birth size. The study included 50,651 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Dietary information was collected by FFQs and intake estimates were calculated by combining food consumption and food concentration of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs. We used multivariable regression models to estimate the association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and fetal growth. The contribution of fish and seafood intake during pregnancy was 41% for dietary dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs and 49% for dietary non-dioxin-like PCBs. Further stratified analysis by quartiles of seafood intake during pregnancy was conducted. We found an inverse dose-response association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and fetal growth after adjustment for confounders. Newborns of mothers in the upper quartile of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs intake had 62g lower birth weight (95% CI: -73, -50), 0.26cm shorter birth length (95% CI: -0.31, -0.20) and 0.10cm shorter head circumference (95% CI: -0.14, -0.06) than newborns of mothers in the lowest quartile of intake. Similar negative associations for intake of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs were found after excluding women with intakes above the tolerable weekly intake (TWI=14pg TEQ/kg bw/week). The negative association of dietary dioxins and PCBs with fetal growth was weaker as seafood intake was increasing. No association was found between dietary dioxin and PCB intake and the risk for small-for-gestational age neonate. In conclusion, dietary intakes of dioxins and PCBs during pregnancy were negatively associated with fetal growth, even at intakes below the TWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Caspersen IH, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kvalem HE. Dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs in a large cohort of pregnant women: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:398-407. [PMID: 23911340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding may result in adverse health effects in children. Prenatal exposure is determined by the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in maternal blood, which reflect the body burden obtained by long term dietary exposure. The aims of this study were (1) to describe dietary exposure and important dietary sources to dioxins and PCBs in a large group of pregnant women and (2) to identify maternal characteristics associated with high dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs. Dietary exposure to dioxins (sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxin-like (dl) compounds) and PCB-153 in 83,524 pregnant women (gestational weeks 17-22) who participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the years 2002-2009 was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database of dioxin and PCB concentrations in Norwegian food. The median (interquartile range, IQR) intake of PCB-153 (marker of ndl-PCBs) was 0.81 (0.77) ng/kg bw/day. For dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the median (IQR) intake was 0.56 (0.37) pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Moreover, 2.3% of the participants had intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14pg TEQ/kg bw/week. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary exposure was positively associated with maternal age, maternal education, weight gain during pregnancy, being a student, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking. A high dietary exposure to PCB-153 or dl-compounds (TEQ) was mainly explained by the consumption of seagull eggs and/or pate with fish liver and roe. Women who according to Norwegian recommendations avoid these food items generally do not have dietary exposure above the tolerable intake of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
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27
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Kvalem HE, Brantsæter AL, Meltzer HM, Stigum H, Thomsen C, Haugen M, Alexander J, Knutsen HK. Development and validation of prediction models for blood concentrations of dioxins and PCBs using dietary intakes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 50:15-21. [PMID: 23032644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins and PCBs accumulate in the food chain and might exert toxic effects in animals and humans. In large epidemiologic studies, exposure estimates of these compounds based on analyses of biological material might not be available or affordable. OBJECTIVES To develop and then validate models for predicting concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in blood using a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire and blood concentrations. METHODS Prediction models were built on data from one study (n=195), and validated in an independent study group (n=66). We used linear regression to develop predictive models for dioxins and PCBs, both sums of congeners and 33 single congeners (7 and 10 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs: 4 non-ortho and 8 mono-ortho), sum of all the 29 dioxin-like compounds (total TEQ) and sum of 4 non dioxin-like PCBs (∑ CB-101, 138, 153, 183=PCB(4)). We used the blood concentration and dietary intake of each of the above as dependent and independent variables, while sex, parity, age, place of living, smoking status, energy intake and education were covariates. We validated the models in a new study population comparing the predicted blood concentrations with the measured blood concentrations using correlation coefficients and Weighted Kappa (К(W)) as measures of agreement, considering К(W)>0.40 as successful prediction. RESULTS The models explained 78% (sum dioxin-like compounds), 76% (PCDDs), 76% (PCDFs), 74% (no-PCBs), 69% (mo-PCBs), 68% (PCB(4)) and 63% (CB-153) of the variance. In addition to dietary intake, age and sex were the most important covariates. The predicted blood concentrations were highly correlated with the measured values, with r=0.75 for dl-compounds 0.70 for PCB(4), (p<0.001) and 0.66 (p<0.001) for CB-153. К(W) was 0.68 for sum dl-compounds 0.65 for both PCB(4) and CB-153. Out of 33 congeners 16 (13dl-compounds and 3 ndl PCBs) had К(W)>0.40. CONCLUSIONS The models developed had high power to predict blood levels of dioxins and PCBs and to correctly rank subjects according to high or low exposure based on dietary intake and demographic information. These models underline the value of dietary intake data for use in investigations of associations between dioxin and PCB exposure and health outcomes in large epidemiological studies with limited biomaterial for chemical analysis.
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Arrebola JP, Mutch E, Cuellar M, Quevedo M, Claure E, Mejía LM, Fernández-Rodríguez M, Freire C, Olea N, Mercado LA. Factors influencing combined exposure to three indicator polychlorinated biphenyls in an adult cohort from Bolivia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 116:17-25. [PMID: 22578811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent organic pollutants that have been used for decades in several industrial applications. Although production of polychlorinated biphenyls was restricted from the 1970s in most countries, substantial amounts remain in old equipment and buildings and they have been detected in various environmental and biological matrices. The main objective of this study was to analyze predictors of the combined exposure to three non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (congeners 138, 153 and 180) in serum and adipose tissue from an adult cohort (n=112) living in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia) and surrounding towns/villages. A second aim was to identify modifiers that might influence the statistical associations found, using crude, partially-adjusted, and global multiple linear regression models. Main predictors of serum concentrations were occupation and fatty food consumption, while those for adipose tissue concentrations included age, smoking habit, fatty food consumption, and residence. The differences between the two matrices might be derived from their biological meaning, given that adipose tissue concentrations are an indicator of chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls while serum levels are a good predictor of ongoing exposure and the mobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls stored in fatty tissues. Body mass index was found to be an important modifier of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Arrebola
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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