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Ma Y, Singhal G, Chan SS, Wang C, Yu H, Yin B, Pang J, Malvar G, Nasser I, Mather ML, Maratos-Flier E. FGF21 protects against ischaemia reperfusion injury in normal and fatty livers. Liver Int 2024; 44:1668-1679. [PMID: 38554044 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is an inevitable clinical problem of liver resection, liver transplantation and haemorrhagic shock. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was intimately coupled with multiple metabolic processes and proved to protect against apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatocytes during hepatic I/R injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FGF21 in hepatic I/R injury remains unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that FGF21 protects hepatic tissues from I/R injury. METHODS Blood samples were available from haemangiomas patients undergoing hepatectomy and murine liver I/R model and used to further evaluate the serum levels of FGF21 both in humans and mice. We further explored the regulatory mechanisms of FGF21 in murine liver I/R model by using FGF21-knockout mice (FGF21-KO mice) and FGF21-overexpression transgenic mice (FGF21-OE mice) fed a high-fat or ketogenic diet. RESULTS Our results show that the circulating levels of FGF21 were robustly decreased after liver I/R in both humans and mice. Silencing FGF21 expression with FGF21-KO mice aggravates liver injury at 6 h after 75 min of partial liver ischaemia, while FGF21-OE mice display alleviated hepatic I/R injury and inflammatory response. Compared with chow diet mice, exogenous FGF21 decreases the levels of aminotransferase, histological changes, apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatic I/R injury treatment mice with a high-fat diet. Meanwhile, ketogenic diet mice are not sensitive to hepatic I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The circulating contents of FGF21 are decreased during liver warm I/R injury and exogenous FGF21 exerts hepatoprotective effects on hepatic I/R injury. Thus, FGF21 regulates hepatic I/R injury and may be a key therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Garima Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanne S Chan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Malvar
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie L Mather
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Fan L, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Li L, Yang X, Ma P, Liu J, Zhao Q, Li X. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates stress-induced liver injury through activating autophagy via HDAC1/2 inhibition. Food Funct 2024; 15:5103-5117. [PMID: 38680105 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic extra-virgin olive oil compound used as a food supplement, has been recognized to protect liver function and alleviate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. However, its protective effects against stress-induced liver injury (SLI) remain unknown. Here, the anti-SLI effect of HT was evaluated in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced SLI. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of action of HT against SLI, followed by experimental verification. The results showed that accompanying with the alleviation of HT on stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, HT was confirmed to exert the protective effects against SLI, as represented by reduced serum corticosterone (CORT), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as repair of liver structure, inhibition of oxidative homeostasis collapse, and inflammation reaction in the liver. Furthermore, core genes including histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), were identified as potential targets of HT in SLI based on bioinformatic screening and simulation. Consistently, HT significantly inhibited HDAC1/2 expression to maintain mitochondrial dysfunction in an autophagy-dependent manner, which was confirmed in a CORT-induced AML-12 cell injury and SLI mice models combined with small molecule inhibitors. We provide the first evidence that HT inhibits HDAC1/2 to induce autophagy in hepatocytes for maintaining mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing inflammation and oxidative stress for exerting an anti-SLI effect. This constitutes a novel therapeutic modality to synchronously prevent stress-induced depression-like behaviors and liver injury, supporting the advantaged therapeutic potential of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yangbo Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Bahloul B, Chaabani R, Zahra Y, Kalboussi N, Kraiem J, Sfar S, Mignet N, Abdennebi HB. Thymoquinone-loaded self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:223-235. [PMID: 37523093 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed to evaluate the efficiency of thymoquinone (TQ) in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. SNEDDS was pharmaceutically characterized to evaluate droplet size, morphology, zeta potential, thermodynamic stability, and dissolution/diffusion capacity. Animals were orally pre-treated during 10 days with TQ-loaded SNEDDS. Biochemical analyses, hematoxylin-eosin staining, indirect immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were carried out to assess cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The TQ formulation showed good in vitro characteristics, including stable nanoparticle structure and size with high drug release rate. In vivo determinations revealed that TQ-loaded SNEDDS pre-treatment of rats maintained cellular integrity by decreasing transaminase (ALT and AST) release and preserving the histological characteristics of their liver. The antioxidant ability of the formulation was proven by increased SOD activity, reduced MDA concentration, and iNOS protein expression. In addition, this formulation exerted an anti-inflammatory effect evidenced by reduced plasma CRP concentration, MPO activity, and gene expressions of TLR-4, TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-6. Finally, the TQ-loaded SNEDDS formulation promoted cell survival by enhancing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In conclusion, our results indicate that TQ encapsulated in SNEDDS significantly protects rat liver from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Bahloul
- Drug Development Laboratory (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Roua Chaabani
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosri Zahra
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Kalboussi
- Drug Development Laboratory (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Pharmacy Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jamil Kraiem
- Drug Development Laboratory (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souad Sfar
- Drug Development Laboratory (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Hassen Ben Abdennebi
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Simos YV, Zerikiotis S, Lekkas P, Zachariou C, Halabalaki M, Ververidis F, Trantas EA, Tsamis K, Peschos D, Angelidis C, Vezyraki P. Hydroxytyrosol produced by engineered Escherichia coli strains activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway: An in vitro and in vivo study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1598-1612. [PMID: 37691393 PMCID: PMC10676126 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the biological effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT), produced by the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli, in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In particular, a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain capable of producing HT was constructed and utilized. HEK293 and HeLa cells were exposed to purified HT to determine non-toxic doses that can offer protection against oxidative stress (activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway). Male CD-1 mice were orally supplemented with HT to evaluate (1) renal and hepatic toxicity, (2) endogenous system antioxidant response, and (3) activation of Nrf2/HO-1 system in the liver. HT protected cells from oxidative stress through the activation of Nrf2 regulatory network. Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway was also observed in the hepatic tissue of the mice. HT supplementation was safe and produced differential effects on mice's endogenous antioxidant defense system. HT biosynthesized from genetically modified Escherichia coli strains is an alternative method to produce high-quality HT that exerts favorable effects in the regulation of the organism's response to oxidative stress. Nonetheless, further investigation of the multifactorial action of HT on the antioxidant network regulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis V Simos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lekkas
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Christianna Zachariou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion 71410, Crete, Greece
- Agri-Food and Life Sciences Institute, Research Center of the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion 71410, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil A Trantas
- Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion 71410, Crete, Greece
- Agri-Food and Life Sciences Institute, Research Center of the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion 71410, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Charalampos Angelidis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Miao F, Geng S, Ning D. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by modulating the balance between M1/M2 phenotype macrophage and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB activation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Jafar Sameri M, Belali R, Neisi N, Noei Razliqi R, Mard SA, Savari F, Azandeh SS. Sodium Hydrosulfide Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Exosomes Improves Liver Function in CCL4-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:644-655. [PMID: 37131889 PMCID: PMC10149127 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Liver diseases and injuries are important medical problems worldwide. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe functional impairment and widespread death of hepatocytes. Liver transplantation is the only treatment available so far. Exosomes are nanovesicles originating from intracellular organelles. They regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of their recipient cells and have promising potential for clinical application in acute and chronic liver injuries. This study compares the effect of Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) modified exosomes with non-modified exosomes in CCL4-induced acute liver injury to ascertain their role in ameliorating hepatic injury. Methods Human Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were treated with or without NaHS (1 μmol) and exosomes were isolated using an exosome isolation kit. Male mice (8-12 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): 1-control, 2-PBS, 3- MSC-Exo, and 4- H2S-Exo. Animals received 2.8 ml/kg body weight of CCL4 solution intraperitoneally, and 24 h later MSC-Exo (non-modified), H2S-Exo (NaHS-modified), or PBS, was injected in the tail vein. Moreover, 24 h after Exo administration, mice were sacrificed for tissue and blood collection. Results Administration of both MSC-Exo and H2S-Exo reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), total oxidant levels, liver aminotransferases, and cellular apoptosis. Conclusion MSC-Exo and H2S-Exo had hepato-protective effects against CCL4-induced liver injury in mice. Modification of cell culture medium with NaHS as an H2S donor enhances the therapeutic effects of MSC exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jafar Sameri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Physiology department, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Maryam Jafar Sameri; Tel: +98 9381267697; E-mail: & Reza Noei Razliqi; Tel: +98 9381267697; E-mail:
| | - Rafeie Belali
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Medical virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Reza Noei Razliqi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Maryam Jafar Sameri; Tel: +98 9381267697; E-mail: & Reza Noei Razliqi; Tel: +98 9381267697; E-mail:
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Feryal Savari
- Department of basic sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Saeed Azandeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Sameri MJ, Savari F, Hoseinynejad K, Danyaei A, Mard SA. The hepato-protective effect of H2S-modified and non-modified mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice: The role of MALAT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:194-202. [PMID: 36279681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by causing histopathological changes is considered one of the most important causes of liver failure and dysfunction after surgery which affect graft outcomes. Stem cells are new promising approaches to treating different diseases. One of the critical strategies to improve their function is the preconditioning of their culture medium. This study compared the effect of NaHS-modified and non-modified mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. METHODS Human umbilical cord-derived MSC (MSC) cultured in a 75 cm3 flask and when confluency reached about 80%, the culture medium replaced with a serum-free medium, and 48 h later supernatants collected, concentrated, and then MSC-Exo extracted. To obtain H2S-Exo, MSC was treated with NaHS (1 μmol),the supernatant collected after 48 h, concentrated and exosomes extracted. Twenty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) including: 1-ischemia, 2-sham-operated, 3- MSC-Exo, and 4- H2S-Exo. To induce ischemia, the hepatic artery and portal vein clamped using an atraumatic clip for 60 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Just upon ending the time of ischemia (removal of clamp artery), animals in MSC-Exo, and H2S-Exo groups received 100 μg exosomes in 100 μl PBS via tail vein. At the end of reperfusion, blood, and liver samples were collected for further serological, molecular, and histological analyses. RESULTS Administration of both MSC-Exo and H2S-Exo improved liver function by reducing inflammatory cytokines, cellular apoptosis, liver levels of total oxidant status, and liver aminotransferases. The results showed that protecting effect of MSC exosomes enhanced following NaHS preconditioning of cell culture medium. CONCLUSION MSC-Exo and H2S-Exo had hepato-protective effects against injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mice. NaHS preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells could enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam J Sameri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Feryal Savari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Khojasteh Hoseinynejad
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR, Cheng HH, Liao WC, Lin RA, Chen IS, Wang JL, Chien JM, Kuo CC. Hydroxytyrosol [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanol], a natural phenolic compound found in the olive, alters Ca 2+ signaling and viability in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:30-36. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_74_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Miao F. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates DSS–induced Colitis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulating Gut Microbiota in vivo. Nutrition 2021; 97:111579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xu Y, Li Z, Lu S, Wang C, Ke S, Li X, Yin B, Yu H, Zhou M, Pan S, Jiang H, Ma Y. Integrative Analysis of the Roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in Itaconate-Mediated Protection Against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4519-4536. [PMID: 34526799 PMCID: PMC8435882 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Itaconate is well known for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, but little is known about the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the underlying mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of our study is to identify lncRNAs related to IR injury and itaconate-mediated protection and to demonstrate the mechanism by which itaconate acts in liver IR injury from the new perspective of lncRNAs. Methods 4-Octyl itaconate (OI), a membrane-permeable derivative of itaconate, was used as a substitute for itaconate in our study. By using a mouse model of hepatic IR injury, serum and liver samples were collected to measure indexes of liver injury. Then, the liver samples of the mice were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Results Itaconate attenuated liver IR injury. A total of 138 lncRNAs and 156 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were markedly differentially expressed in the IR-damaged liver tissues pretreated with OI compared with the matched liver tissues treated with vehicle. Functional analysis indicated that lncRNAs may indirectly participate in the effects of itaconate. Furthermore, 41 mRNAs were examined for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and a key gene cluster was defined. Then, combined the coexpression analysis and the cis and trans regulatory function prediction of lncRNAs, some "candidate" lncRNA-mRNA pairs which might relate to itaconate-mediated liver protection were identified, while the relationship requires future validation. Conclusion Our study revealed that itaconate could protect the liver against IR injury and that lncRNAs might play a role in this process. Our study provides a novel way to investigate the mechanism by which itaconate affects hepatic IR injury and exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shounan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanjia Ke
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Minimal Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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De La Cruz Cortés JP, Pérez de Algaba I, Martín-Aurioles E, Arrebola MM, Ortega-Hombrados L, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Bermúdez-Oria A, Verdugo C, González-Correa JA. Extra Virgin Oil Polyphenols Improve the Protective Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation of Rat Brain. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091133. [PMID: 34573155 PMCID: PMC8471209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the component primarily responsible for the neuroprotective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). However, it is less effective on its own than the demonstrated neuroprotective effect of EVOO, and for this reason, it can be postulated that there is an interaction between several of the polyphenols of EVOO. The objective of the study was to assess the possible interaction of four EVOO polyphenols (HT, tyrosol, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and oleocanthal) in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux, lipid peroxidation, and peroxynitrite production were determined as measures of cell death, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress, respectively. First, the polyphenols were incubated with the brain slices in the same proportions that exist in EVOO, comparing their effects with those of HT. In all cases, the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the combination were greater than those of HT alone. Second, we calculated the concentration-effect curves for HT in the absence or presence of each polyphenol. Tyrosol did not significantly modify any of the variables inhibited by HT. Dihydroxyphenylglycol only increased the cytoprotective effect of HT at 10 µM, while it increased its antioxidant effect at 50 and 100 µM and its inhibitory effect on peroxynitrite formation at all the concentrations tested. Oleocanthal increased the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of HT but did not modify its inhibitory effect on nitrosative stress. The results of this study show that the EVOO polyphenols DHPG and OLC increase the cytoprotective effect of HT in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices, mainly due to a possibly synergistic effect on HT's antioxidant action. These results could explain the greater neuroprotective effect of EVOO than of the polyphenols alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz Cortés
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-131-567
| | | | | | | | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María África Fernández-Prior
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Cristina Verdugo
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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12
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Bilal RM, Liu C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Farag MR, Alagawany M, Hassan FU, Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, Qiu H, Lin Q. Olive Oil: Nutritional Applications, Beneficial Health Aspects and its Prospective Application in Poultry Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723040. [PMID: 34512350 PMCID: PMC8424077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have promoting health features, including anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-allergic effects. These polyphenols improve the immune system by affecting the white blood cell proliferation, as well as by the synthesis of cytokines and other factors, which contribute to immunological resistance. Olive trees are one of the most famous trees in the world. Whereas, olive olive oil and derivatives represent a large group of feeding resource for farm animals. In recent years, remarkable studies have been carried out to show the possible use of olive oil and derivatives for improvement of both animal performance and product quality. In vivo application of olive oil and its derived products has shown to maintain oxidative balance owing to its polyphenolic content. Consumption of extra virgin olive oil reduces the inflammation, limits the risk of liver damage, and prevents the progression of steatohepatitis through its potent antioxidant activities. Also, the monounsaturated fatty acids content of olive oil (particularly oleic acid), might have positive impacts on lipid peroxidation and hepatic protection. Therefore, this review article aims to highlight the nutritional applications and beneficial health aspects of olive oil and its effect on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Bilal
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Deren Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changde, China
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Faiz-ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Huajiao Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Deren Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changde, China
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13
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Dossi CG, Vargas RG, Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Beneficial effects of natural compounds on experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Food Funct 2021; 12:3787-3798. [PMID: 33977997 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a phenomenon inherent to hepatic surgery that severely compromises the organ functionality, whose underlying mechanisms involve cellular and molecular interrelated processes leading to the development of an excessive inflammatory response. Liver resident cells and those recruited in response to injury generate pro-inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, proteases and lipid mediators that contribute to hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis. Besides, dying hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that actívate inflammasomes to further stimulate inflammatory responses leading to massive cell death. Since liver IRI is a complication of hepatic surgery in man, extensive preclinical studies have assessed potential protective strategies, including the supplementation with natural compounds, with the objective to downregulate nuclear factor-κB functioning, the main effector of inflammatory responses. This can be accomplished by either the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, G protein-coupled receptor 120 or antioxidant signaling pathways, the synthesis of specific pro-resolving mediators, downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 activity or additional contributory mechanisms that are beginning to be understood. The latter aspect is a crucial issue to be accomplished in preclinical studies, in order to establish adequate conditions for the supplementation with natural products before major liver surgeries in man involving warm IR, such as hepatic trauma or resection of large intrahepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G Dossi
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Romina G Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Uiversity of Chile, Santiago, Chile and Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J4A6, Canada
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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PGC-1 α Protects against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating PPAR α and PPAR γ and Regulating ROS Production. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6677955. [PMID: 34104311 PMCID: PMC8159639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6677955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ have been shown to be protective in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise role of PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which can coactivate both of these receptors, in hepatic I/R injury, remains largely unknown. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that PGC-1α is protective during hepatic I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that endogenous PGC-1α is basally expressed in normal livers and is moderately increased by I/R. Ectopic PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injuries, whereas knockdown of endogenous PGC-1α aggravates such injuries, as evidenced by assessment of the levels of serum aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, necrosis, apoptosis, cell viability, and histological examination. The EMSA assay shows that the activation of PPARα and PPARγ is increased or decreased by the overexpression or knockdown of PGC-1α, respectively, during hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. In addition, the administration of specific antagonists of either PPARα (MK886) or PPARγ (GW9662) can effectively decrease the protective effect of PGC-1α against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. We also demonstrate an important regulatory role of PGC-1α in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during hepatic I/R, which is correlated with the induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes and is also dependent on the activations of PPARα and PPARγ. These data demonstrate that PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R injury, mainly by regulating the activation of PPARα and PPARγ. Thus, PGC-1α may be a promising therapeutic target for the protection of the liver against I/R injury.
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15
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Guo Y, Cui Q, Ren S, Hao D, Morikawa T, Wang D, Liu X, Pan Y. The hepatoprotective efficacy and biological mechanisms of three phenylethanoid glycosides from cistanches herba and their metabolites based on intestinal bacteria and network pharmacology. J Nat Med 2021; 75:784-797. [PMID: 34003414 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), acteoside (ACT), and isoacteoside (ISAT), the typical phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) in cistanches herba, have various pharmacological activities. However, the ECH, ACT and ISAT have extremely low oral bioavailability, which is related to their metabolism under the intestinal flora. Previous studies showed that intestinal metabolites were the hepatoprotective substances in vivo, but the research on whether PhGs has effects without intestinal bacteria has not been studied. In this paper, ECH, ACT and ISAT were incubated with human or rat intestinal bacteria for 36 h. After incubating with human bacteria for 36 h, three prototype compounds were not detected and were mainly biotransformed to 3-HPP and HT. In the network pharmacology, a total of 6 common targets were obtained by analysing the prototypes, the metabolites and the liver injury. It was found that the combinations of three metabolites and common targets were more stable than those of the prototypes and common targets by molecular docking. Meanwhile, hepatocellular apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and oxidative responses might play important roles in the mechanisms of the metabolites exerting hepatoprotective activities. Then normal and pseudo-sterile mice experiments were adopted to further compare the hepatoprotective activities of prototypes and metabolites. Animal experiment results showed that the prototypes and the metabolites in the normal mice had significantly hepatoprotective activity. Interestingly, in the pseudo-germfree mice, the metabolites showed significant hepatoprotective effect, but the prototypes had not effect. It indicated that the prototype cannot exert liver protective activity without the effect of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Deguo Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Joint Research Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Silva AFR, Resende D, Monteiro M, Coimbra MA, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Application of Hydroxytyrosol in the Functional Foods Field: From Ingredient to Dietary Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121246. [PMID: 33302474 PMCID: PMC7763879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an amphipathic functional phenol found in the olive tree, both in its leaves and fruits, in free or bound forms, as well as in olive oil and by-products of olive oil manufacture. The European Food Safety Authority recommends regular consumption of HT due to its several beneficial effects on human health, which are closely associated to its antioxidant activity. These reasons make HT an excellent candidate for application as a functional ingredient in the design of novel food products. Patents already exist for methodologies of extraction, purification, and application of HT in supplements and food products. The present review discusses the impact of HT incorporation on food properties and its effects on consumers, based on relevant data related to the use of HT as a functional ingredient, both as a pure compound or in the form of HT-rich extracts, in various food products, namely in edible oils, beverages, bakery products, as well animal-based foods such as meat, fishery and dairy products.
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17
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Park Y, Ahn JH, Lee TK, Kim B, Tae HJ, Park JH, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Acute Crit Care 2020; 35:286-295. [PMID: 33423440 PMCID: PMC7808856 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the effects of hypothermia on cardiac arrest (CA)-induced liver damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypothermic therapy on the liver in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA). METHODS Rats were subjected to 5-minute ACA followed by return of spontaneous circulation (RoSC). Body temperature was controlled at 33°C±0.5°C or 37°C±0.5°C for 4 hours after RoSC in the hypothermia group and normothermia group, respectively. Liver tissues in each group were collected at 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, and 2 days after RoSC. To examine hepatic inflammation, mast cells were stained with toluidine blue. Superoxide anion radical production was evaluated using dihydroethidium fluorescence straining and expression of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1] and SOD2) was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There were significantly more mast cells in the livers of the normothermia group with ACA than in the hypothermia group with ACA. Gradual increase in superoxide anion radical production was found with time in the normothermia group with ACA, but production was significantly suppressed in the hypothermia group with ACA relative to the normothermia group with ACA. SOD1 and SOD2 levels were higher in the hypothermia group with ACA than in the normothermia group with ACA. CONCLUSIONS Experimental hypothermic treatment after ACA significantly inhibited inflammation and superoxide anion radical production in the rat liver, indicating that this treatment enhanced or maintained expression of antioxidants. Our findings suggest that hypothermic therapy after CA can reduce mast cell-mediated inflammation through regulation of oxidative stress and the expression of antioxidants in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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18
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Protective effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol on spinal cord injury-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Neuroreport 2019; 30:1016-1024. [PMID: 31503208 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a potent antioxidant polyphenolic compound. In this study, our objective was to investigate the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotective role of DOPET in attenuating spinal cord injury (SCI). Initially, SCI was induced by performing surgical laminectomy on the rats at T10-T12 level. Then, the neurological function-dependent locomotion was measured using Basso Beattie Bresnahan score, which declined in the SCI-induced group. Increased antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione along with other parameters such as increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were all observed in the SCI group. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were upregulated in the serum and spinal cord tissue as observed on the immunoblot. Interestingly, protein levels of apoptotic markers such as Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and RT-PCR analysis-based mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, nuclear factor- κ activated B cells (NF-κB) were significantly upregulated in the spinal cord tissue. Nonetheless, antiapoptotic factor such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression was downregulated in the same group. However, on administering 10 mg/kg of DOPET, the neuronal function was rescued, antioxidants were restored back to the normal levels, LPO and MPO activities were reduced in conjunction with downregulated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the SCI group. These findings show that DOPET could potentially target multiple signalling pathways to combat SCI.
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Vlavcheski F, Young M, Tsiani E. Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E188. [PMID: 31234300 PMCID: PMC6616959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a pathological condition characterized by defects in insulin action leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease which is currently on the rise that pose an enormous economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The current treatment and prevention strategies are considerably lacking in number and efficacy and therefore new targeted therapies and preventative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals such as metformin, derived from the French lilac, have been used to treat/manage insulin resistance and T2DM. Other plant-derived chemicals which are not yet discovered, may have superior properties to prevent and manage T2DM and thus research into this area is highly justifiable. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical found in olive leaves and olive oil reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The present review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic properties of hydroxytyrosol and investigating the mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Mariah Young
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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20
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Bavarsad K, Riahi MM, Saadat S, Barreto G, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Miao J, Huang Z, Liu S, Li X, Jia P, Guo Y, Wu N, Jia D. Hydroxytyrosol protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:671-678. [PMID: 30651849 PMCID: PMC6307473 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound extracted from olive oil, is reported to protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP) is an important therapeutic target for MIRI. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MPTP in the cardioprotection of HT. Isolated rat hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion to mimic a MIRI model. Isolated hearts were pretreated with different doses of HT (10, 100 and 1,000 µM) for 10 min prior to ischemia. Myocardial infarct size was detected using TTC staining. Changes in myocardial cell structure were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. MPTP opening was detected spectrophotometrically. Myocardial cell apoptosis was observed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was measured by western blot analysis. The data revealed that HT (100 and 1,000 µM) treatment significantly alleviated pathological damage in ischemic myocardium and reduced myocardial infarct size compared with the untreated control. However, no significant difference was observed in the 10 µM HT treatment group compared with the untreated control. It was further revealed that HT decreased the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-like protein 4 (Bax)/Bcl-2 ratio, suppressed MPTP opening and subsequently decreased the expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. Additionally, the beneficial effects of HT on MIRI were reversed by atractyloside, which induces MPTP opening. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HT inhibited MPTP opening, partially via modulation of Bax and Bcl-2, thereby protecting against MIRI and thereby providing a pharmacological basis for future research and treatment of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Bioconversion of p-Tyrosol into Hydroxytyrosol under Bench-Scale Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7390751. [PMID: 30105240 PMCID: PMC6076966 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7390751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosol hydroxylating Pseudomonas strain was previously isolated from olive mill wastewaters-irrigated soil. In the present work, experimental design was used to study the bioconversion of tyrosol in laboratory fermenters aiming at the recovery of the highest yields of hydroxytyrosol. The effects of biocatalyst loading and tyrosol concentration were studied. The bioconversion yield reached 86.9% (37.3 mM hydroxytyrosol) starting from a tyrosol concentration of 43 mM. Under these conditions, the specific productivity relative to the biocatalyst was 4.78 μM/min/g. The established model to predict bioconversion yield was validated in two bench-scale fermenters. At the downstream stage, the reaction product was recovered as a hydroxytyrosol rich solution after microfiltration and concentration under vacuum. Subsequent to this operation, hydroxytyrosol composition yielded 73.8% of the total dry matter.
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Protective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Against Oxidative Stress Mediated by Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:27-39. [PMID: 29497947 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports beneficial effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Rats were orally administered with sodium arsenite dissolved in distilled water (25 ppm, by oral gavage) for 8 weeks or HT (10 mg/kg b. wt.) in combination with As. Results showed increase in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, while catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as GSH content were decreased after As exposure in rat brain. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed significant alteration in peak area values that also validated the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. In addition, As exposure caused increase in protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax, while Bcl-2 expression was downregulated resulting in translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Treatment of HT with As reversed protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and increased GSH content as well as catalase and SOD activities. Administration of HT also prevented translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria and increased mitochondria/cytosol ratio of cytochrome c. Hence, treatment of HT with As improved antioxidant system and efficiently lowered the generation of oxidative stress in rat brain.
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González-Correa JA, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Márquez-Estrada L, López-Villodres JA, Reyes JJ, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Fernández-Bolaños J, De La Cruz JP. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy: Relationship with Cardiovascular Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:637-644. [PMID: 29278909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Animals were divided in four groups: (1) control nondiabetic rats, (2) streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DR), (3) DR treated with 1 mg/kg/day p.o. HT, and (4) DR treated with 5 mg/kg/day p.o. HT. Treatment with HT was started 7 days before inducing diabetes and was maintained for 2 months. In the DR group, total area occupied by extracellular matrix was increased, area occupied by retinal cells was decreased; both returned to near-control values in DR rats treated with HT. The number of retinal ganglion cells in DR was significantly lower (44%) than in the control group, and this decrease was smaller after HT treatment (34% and 9.1%). Linear regression analysis showed that prostacyclin, platelet aggregation, peroxynitrites, and the dose of 5 mg/kg/day HT significantly influenced retinal ganglion cell count. In conclusion, HT exerted a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinopathy, and this effect correlated significantly with changes in some cardiovascular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez-Estrada
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Julio Reyes
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodriguez-Gutierrez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa , Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Bolaños
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa , Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
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Khalatbary AR, Ghabaee DNZ, Ahmadvand H, Amiri FT, Lehi ST. Deltamethrin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Virgin Olive Oil Consumption: An Experimental Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:586-592. [PMID: 29184267 PMCID: PMC5684380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide which can lead to pathological effects in mammals through oxidative stress. On the other hand, virgin olive oil (VOO) is a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of VOO against DM-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-six mice were randomly separated into 4 groups: vehicle group, VOO group, DM group, and DM plus VOO group. Immunohistochemistry of PARP, COX-2, and caspase-3 with the biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity levels were performed in the liver samples 5 weeks after gavaging. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 15. The data were compared between the groups using the Tukey multiple comparison tests and the analysis of the variance. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The malondialdehyde level in the liver was increased in the DM group (71.18±0.01), whereas it was significantly (P=0.001) decreased after VOO administration in the DM plus VOO group (39.59±2.43). While the total antioxidant capacity level in the liver was decreased in the DM group (3.05±0.05), it was significantly increased (P=0.03) after VOO administration in the DM plus VOO group (3.95±0.04). A greater expression of caspase-3 (P=0.008), COX-2 (P =0.004), and PARP (P 0.006) could be detected in the DM group, while it was significantly (P=0.009) attenuated in the DM plus VOO group. Also, the degeneration of hepatocytes, which was detected in the DM group, was attenuated after VOO consumption. CONCLUSIONS VOO exerted protective effects against DM-induced hepatotoxicity, which might be associated with its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Correspondence: Ali Reza Khalatbary, PhD; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 20th km of Khazar Abad Road, Sari, Iran Tel: +98 912 2490583 Fax: +98 33543087
| | | | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Somaieh Tadayoni Lehi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Therapeutic Effects of Olive and Its Derivatives on Osteoarthritis: From Bench to Bedside. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101060. [PMID: 28954409 PMCID: PMC5691677 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a major cause of morbidity among the elderly worldwide. It is a disease characterized by localized inflammation of the joint and destruction of cartilage, leading to loss of function. Impaired chondrocyte repair mechanisms, due to inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy, play important roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Olive and its derivatives, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy-enhancing activities, are suitable candidates for therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the effects of olive and its derivatives, on osteoarthritis and chondrocytes. The literature on animal and human studies has demonstrated a beneficial effect of olive and its derivatives on the progression of osteoarthritis. In vitro studies have suggested that the augmentation of autophagy (though sirtuin-1) and suppression of inflammation by olive polyphenols could contribute to the chondroprotective effects of olive polyphenols. More research and well-planned clinical trials are required to justify the use of olive-based treatment in osteoarthritis.
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Guo Z, Jia X, Zheng Z, Lu X, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xiao J. Chemical composition and nutritional function of olive (Olea europaea L.): a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Valenzuela R, Echeverria F, Ortiz M, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Espinosa A, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Illesca P, Valenzuela A, Videla LA. Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:64. [PMID: 28395666 PMCID: PMC5387240 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with relevant roles in the organism. EPA and DHA are synthesized from the precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3), whereas AA is produced from linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) through the action of Δ5 and Δ6-desaturases. High-fat diet (HFD) decreases the activity of both desaturases and LCPUFA accretion in liver and other tissues. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant, has an important cytoprotective effects in different cells and tissues. Methods Male mice C57BL/6 J were fed a control diet (CD) (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates) or a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks. Animals were daily supplemented with saline (CD) or 5 mg HT (HFD), and blood and the studied tissues were analyzed after the HT intervention. Parameters studied included liver histology (optical microscopy), activity of hepatic desaturases 5 and 6 (gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters derivatives) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase by spectrophotometry), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactants, and the antioxidant capacity of plasma), gene expression assays for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) (qPCR and ELISA), and LCPUFA profiles in liver, erythrocyte, brain, heart, and testicle (gas-liquid chromatography). Results HFD led to insulin resistance and liver steatosis associated with SREBP-1c upregulation, with enhancement in plasma and liver oxidative stress status and diminution in the synthesis and storage of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs in the studied tissues, compared to animals given control diet. HT supplementation significantly reduced fat accumulation in liver and plasma as well as tissue metabolic alterations induced by HFD. Furthermore, a normalization of desaturase activities, oxidative stress-related parameters, and tissue n-3 LCPUFA content was observed in HT-treated rats over control animals. Conclusions HT supplementation prevents metabolic alterations in desaturase activities, oxidative stress status, and n-3 LCPUFA content in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of mice fed HFD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0450-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile. .,Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | | | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paola Illesca
- Biochemistry Department. Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Soni M, Prakash C, Sehwag S, Kumar V. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol in arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28225195 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. Rats exposed to sodium arsenite (25 ppm for 8 weeks) showed decreased mitochondrial complexes (I, II, IV) activities, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase activities in brain mitochondria. As-treated rats showed reduced mRNA expression of complex I (ND-1, ND-2), IV (COX-1, COX-4) subunits, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In addition to this, As exposure downregulated the protein expression of MnSOD. Administration of HT with As restored the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complexes, MnSOD and catalase, increased the mRNA levels of complexes subunits and UCP-2 as well as proteins level of MnSOD. These results suggest that HT efficiently restores mitochondrial dysfunction in As neurotoxicity and might be used as potential mitoprotective agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sfurti Sehwag
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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Suyavaran A, Thirunavukkarasu C. Preconditioning methods in the management of hepatic ischemia reperfusion- induced injury: Update on molecular and future perspectives. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:31-48. [PMID: 26990696 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic IR (ischemia reperfusion) injury is a commonly encountered obstacle in the post-operative management of hepatic surgery. Hepatic IR occurs during 'Pringle maneuver' for reduction of blood loss or during a brief period of cold storage followed by reperfusion of liver grafts. The stress induced during hepatic IR, triggers a spectrum of cellular responses leading to the varying degrees of hepatic complications which in turn affect the post operative care. Different preconditioning methods either activate or subdue different sets of molecular signals, resulting in varied levels of protection against hepatic IR injury. Yet, there is a serious lacuna in the knowledge regarding the choice of preconditioning methods and the resulting molecular changes in order to assess the efficiency and choice of these methods correctly. This review provides an update on the various preconditioning approaches such as surgical/ischemic, antioxidant, pharmaceutical and genetic preconditioning strategies published during last six years (2009-2015). Further, we discuss the attenuation or inhibition of specific inflammatory, apoptotic and necrotic markers in the various experimental models of liver IR subjected to different preconditioning strategies. While enlisting the controversies in the ischemic preconditioning strategy, we bring out the uncertainties in the existing molecular targets and their reliability in the attenuation of hepatic IR injury. Future research studies would include the novel preconditioning strategies employ i) the targeted gene silencing of key molecular targets inducing IR, ii) hyper expression of beneficial molecular signals against IR via gene transfer techniques. The above studies would see the combination of these latest techniques with the established preconditioning strategies for better post-operative hepatic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Martínez-Lara E, Peña A, Calahorra J, Cañuelo A, Siles E. Hydroxytyrosol decreases the oxidative and nitrosative stress levels and promotes angiogenesis through HIF-1 independent mechanisms in renal hypoxic cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:540-8. [PMID: 26608793 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the kidney, tissue oxygen tension is comparatively low and this renders this organ more prone to hypoxic injury. In fact, hypoxia has a central role in the development and progression of renal disease. The recovery from this situation is dependent on the degree to which sublethally damaged cells restore normal function. The master regulator of the hypoxic response is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 activity depends on the HIF-1α subunit level which is regulated by oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species and mTOR. Given the antioxidant and antinitrosative properties ascribed to hydroxytyrosol (HT), this study evaluates the impact of this olive oil polyphenol on the response to hypoxia in kidney cells. For this purpose, the human embryonic kidney HEK293T cell line was treated with HT and cultured under sublethal hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that HT treatment decreases both, post-hypoxic reactive oxygen species and NO levels and, consequently, HIF-1α accumulation. However, HT does not affect mTOR activation or the factor inhibiting HIF level but promotes the expression of angiogenic proteins, suggesting that HT activates an adaptive response to hypoxia in a HIF-1α-independent pathway. In fact, this effect could be ascribed to the up-regulation of estrogen-related receptor α. In conclusion, our results suggest that in renal hypoxia, HT treatment might act as an effective preventive therapeutic approach to decrease stress and to improve the adaptive response to this pathological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martínez-Lara
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - Ana Peña
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jesús Calahorra
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - Ana Cañuelo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
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Zhong YW, Wu J, Hu HL, Li WX, Zhong Y. Protective effect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol in subarachnoid hemorrhage provoked oxidative neuropathy. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1908-1914. [PMID: 27588109 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have indicated that early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with fatal outcomes. Oxidative stress and brain edema are the characteristic pathological events in occurrence EBI following SAH. The present study aimed to examine the effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) against SAH-induced EBI, and to demonstrate whether the effect is associated with its potent free radical scavenging property. SAH was induced in rats using an endovascular perforation technique, and 24 h later the rats displayed diminished neurological scores and brain edema. Furthermore, elevated malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) and depleted levels of antioxidants were observed in the rat cerebral cortex tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the upregulated mRNA expression of the apoptotic markers caspase-3 and -9 in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly upregulated in SAH-induced rats. By constrast, treatment with DOPET significantly attenuated EBI by reducing brain edema, elevation of antioxidant status, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. In this context, DOPET may be a potent agent in the treatment of EBI following SAH, as a result of its free radical scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Long Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
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Jiang Q, Pan Y, Cheng Y, Li H, Li H. Protection of rat liver against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by a novel selenocysteine-containing 7-mer peptide. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2007-15. [PMID: 27431272 PMCID: PMC4991737 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury causes acute organ damage or dysfunction, and remains a problem for liver transplantation. In the I-R phase, the generation of reactive oxygen species aggravates the injury. In the current study, a novel selenocysteine-containing 7‑mer peptide (H-Arg-Sec-Gly-Arg-Asn-Ala-Gln-OH) was constructed to imitate the active site of an antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The 7‑mer peptide which has a lower molecular weight, and improved water‑solubility, higher stability and improved cell membrane permeability compared with other GPX mimics. Its GPX activity reached 13 U/µmol, which was 13 times that of ebselen (a representative GPX mimic). The effect of this GPX mimic on I‑R injury of the liver was assessed in rats. The 7‑mer peptide significantly inhibited the increase in serum hepatic amino‑transferases, tissue malondialdehyde, nitric oxide contents, myeloperoxidase activity and decrease of GPX activity compared with I‑R tissue. Following treatment with the 7‑mer peptide, the expression of B‑cell CLL/lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) was significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein level compared with the I‑R group, as determined by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. By contrast, Bcl‑2 associated X protein (Bax) was downregulated by the 7‑mer peptide compared the I‑R group. Histological and ultrastructural changes of the rat liver tissue were also compared among the experimental groups. The results of the current study suggest that the 7‑mer peptide protected the liver against hepatic I‑R injury via suppression of oxygen‑derived free radicals and regulation of Bcl‑2 and Bax expression, which are involved in the apoptosis of liver cells. The findings of the present study will further the investigation of the 7-mer peptide as an effective therapeutic agent in hepatic I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Pan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Cheng
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Hydroxytyrosol Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through a PI3K/Akt-Dependent Mechanism. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1232103. [PMID: 26966340 PMCID: PMC4757717 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1232103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of hydroxytyrosol (HT) during the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rat hearts. Methods. The rats were randomized into five groups: sham group, I/R group, HT+I/R group, HT+LY294002+I/R group, and LY+I/R group. Myocardial infarct size, markers of oxidative stress, extent of myocardial apoptosis, echocardiographically assessed cardiac function, and expression of Akt and GSK 3β were measured in each group. Results. Prereperfusion administration of HT was associated with a significantly smaller area of myocardial infarction and remarkably decreased level of myocardial apoptosis and necrosis, as evidenced by a lower apoptotic index, reduced cleaved caspase-3, and the serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase MB. Moreover, HT also attenuated the impairment of cardiac systolic function. However, cotreatment with LY294002 and HT completely abolished the above cardioprotective effects of HT. A subsequent mechanistic study revealed that the cardioprotective effects of HT during the process of I/R of the myocardium were dependent on the activation of the Akt/GSK3β pathway. Conclusion. Pretreatment with HT may have antiapoptotic and cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury, and these effects seem to be related to the activation of the Akt/GSK3β pathway in the myocardium.
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Guan Q, Sun S, Li X, Lv S, Xu T, Sun J, Feng W, Zhang L, Li Y. Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:24. [PMID: 26704541 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic efficiency of monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol as a drug with effective targeting and loading capacity as well as persistent circulation in vivo. The nanoparticles were prepared using a nanoprecipitation method with mPEG-PLGA as nano-carrier co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol (SH-NPs). The parameters like in vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution in vivo, fluorescence in vivo endomicroscopy, and cellular uptake of SH-NPs were investigated. Results showed that the total encapsulation efficiency was 32.38 ± 2.76 %. Total drug loading was 12.01 ± 0.42 %, particle size was 91.70 ± 2.11 nm, polydispersity index was 0.22 ± 0.01, and zeta potential was -24.5 ± 1.16 mV for the optimized SH-NPs. The nanoparticle morphology was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, which indicated that the particles of SH-NPs were in uniformity within the nanosize range and of spherical core shell morphology. Drug release followed Higuchi kinetics. Compared with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol mixture (SH), SH-NPs produced drug concentrations that persisted for a significantly longer time in plasma following second-order kinetics. The nanoparticles moved gradually into the cell, thereby increasing the quantity. ALT, AST, and MDA levels were significantly lower on exposure to SH-NPs than in controls. SH-NPs could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and could be taken up by HepG2.2.15 cells. The results confirmed that syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol can be loaded simultaneously into mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles. Using mPEG-PLGA as nano-carrier, sustained release, high distribution in the liver, and protective effects against hepatic injury were observed in comparison to SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shaowa Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yongji Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Pirozzi C, Lama A, Simeoli R, Paciello O, Pagano TB, Mollica MP, Di Guida F, Russo R, Magliocca S, Canani RB, Raso GM, Calignano A, Meli R. Hydroxytyrosol prevents metabolic impairment reducing hepatic inflammation and restoring duodenal integrity in a rat model of NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:108-15. [PMID: 27012627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential mechanisms of action of polyphenols in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are overlooked. Here, we evaluate the beneficial therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major metabolite of the oleuropein, in a nutritional model of insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD by high-fat diet. Young male rats were divided into three groups receiving (1) standard diet (STD; 10.5% fat), (2) high-fat diet (HFD; 58.0% fat) and (3) HFD+HT (10 mg/kg/day by gavage). After 5 weeks, the oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and at 6th week, blood sample and tissues (liver and duodenum) were collected for following determinations. The HT-treated rats showed a marked reduction in serum AST, ALT and cholesterol and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reducing homeostasis model assessment index. HT significantly corrected the metabolic impairment induced by HFD, increasing hepatic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR-α and its downstream-regulated gene fibroblast growth factor 21, the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the mRNA carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a. HT also reduced liver inflammation and nitrosative/oxidative stress decreasing the nitrosylation of proteins, reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, HT restored intestinal barrier integrity and functions (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability and mRNA zona occludens ZO-1). Our data demonstrate the beneficial effect of HT in the prevention of early inflammatory events responsible for the onset of IR and steatosis, reducing hepatic inflammation and nitrosative/oxidative stress and restoring glucose homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Simeoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Bruna Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Guida
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magliocca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Tao YE, Wen Z, Song Y, Wang H. Paeoniflorin attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:263-268. [PMID: 26889252 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During liver surgery, hepatic blood flow needs to be blocked in order to reduce bleeding, which inevitably results in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HI/R). Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine peony, which has been shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. In the present study, a mouse model of HI/R was generated by clamping the hepatoportal vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic duct of BALB/c mice with a vascular clamp for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 6 h under anesthesia. Six mice in the three PF treatment groups (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) were then injected with PF, via the tail vein. A sham group, consisting of six mice that did not undergo the procedure, and a vehicle group, consisting of 6 mice that underwent the procedure but subsequently received injections of physiological saline only, were used as controls. Liver injury was indicated by serum levels of the enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The activities of oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were also measured. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was analyzed in hepatic tissue using a commercial kit. Treatment with PF significantly attenuated HI/R injury histologically, as compared with the vehicle group. In addition, significant reductions in the serum levels of ALT and AST were observed in the PF-treated ischemic mice. Furthermore, treatment with PF enhanced the activities of hepatic tissue SOD, GSH and GSH-PX, but decreased the MDA content. Treatment of ischemic mice with PF markedly reduced the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, and decreased the HI/R injury-induced expression of caspase-3. The results of the present study suggest that PF attenuates the HI/R injury of mice via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Tao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Yingqian Song
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Molecular pathways in protecting the liver from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a 2015 update. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:345-62. [PMID: 26014222 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage during surgical procedures such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Molecular processes occurring during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion are diverse, and continuously include new and complex mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize the newest concepts and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of liver ischaemia/reperfusion, making clear distinction between situations of cold and warm ischaemia. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field are described.
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Zhou L, Koh HW, Bae UJ, Park BH. Aggravation of post-ischemic liver injury by overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11231. [PMID: 26073647 PMCID: PMC4466889 DOI: 10.1038/srep11231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to inhibit reperfusion-induced apoptosis. IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is the major circulating carrier protein for IGF-1 and induces apoptosis. In this study, we determined if IGFBP-3 was important in the hepatic response to I/R. To deliver IGFBP-3, we used an adenovirus containing IGFBP-3 cDNA (AdIGFBP-3) or an IGFBP-3 mutant devoid of IGF binding affinity but retaining IGFBP-3 receptor binding ability (AdIGFBP-3(GGG)). Mice subjected to I/R injury showed typical patterns of hepatocellular damage. Protein levels of IGFBP-3 were increased after reperfusion and showed a positive correlation with the extent of liver injury. Prior injection with AdIGFBP-3 aggravated liver injury: serum aminotransferases, prothrombin time, proinflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, and neutrophil infiltration were markedly increased compared to control mice. A decrease in antioxidant potential and an upregulation of NADPH oxidase might have caused these aggravating effects of IGFBP-3. Experiments using HepG2 cells and N-acetylcysteine-pretreated mice showed a discernible effect of IGFBP-3 on reactive oxygen species generation. Lastly, AdIGFBP-3 abolished the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning and hypothermia. Mice treated with AdIGFBP-3(GGG) exhibited effects similar to those of AdIGFBP-3, suggesting a ligand-independent effect of IGFBP-3. Our results suggest IGFBP-3 as an aggravating factor during hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- 1] Department of Sports Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271-000, China [2] Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Won Koh
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Kotronoulas A, de la Torre R, Solà R, Motilva MJ. Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in target tissues in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1395-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; REGICOR Study Group, IMIM-Research Institute Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
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41
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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol Attenuates Spatio-Cognitive Deficits in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Modulation of the Molecular Signals in Neuronal Survival-Apoptotic Programs. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:143-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Zhao B, Ma Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang F, Wang D, Pan S, Wu Y, Pan H, Xu D, Liu L, Jiang H. Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule from olive oil, suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inactivating AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461536. [PMID: 24453420 PMCID: PMC3886226 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pivotal clinical problem occurring in many clinical conditions such as transplantation, trauma, and hepatic failure after hemorrhagic shock. Apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. Ethyl pyruvate, a stable and simple lipophilic ester, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the purpose is to explore both the effect of ethyl pyruvate on hepatic I/R injury and regulation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy.
Methods. Three doses of ethyl pyruvate (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) were administered 1 h before a model of segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia was established in Balb/c mice. All serum and liver tissues were obtained at three different time points (4 h, 8 h, and 16 h).
Results. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and pathological features were significantly ameliorated by ethyl pyruvate (80 mg/kg). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1, and LC3, which play an important role in the regulation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy, was also obviously decreased by ethyl pyruvate (80 mg/kg). Furthermore, ethyl pyruvate inhibited the HMGB1/TLR4/ NF-κb axis and the release of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6).
Conclusion. Our results showed that ethyl pyruvate might attenuate to hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy, mediated partly through downregulation of HMGB1/TLR4/ NF-κb axis and the competitive interaction with Beclin-1 of HMGB1.
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