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Wang M, Guo W, Chen JF. Caffeine: a potential mechanism for anti-obesity. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1. [PMID: 38802651 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation of fat caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Over recent years, obesity has become a major public health challenge. Caffeine is a natural product that has been demonstrated to exert anti-obesity effects; however, the mechanisms responsible for the effect of caffeine on weight loss have yet to be fully elucidated. Most obesity-related deaths are due to cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that caffeine can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease; thus, it can be hypothesized that caffeine may represent a new therapeutic agent for weight loss. In this review, we synthesize data arising from clinical and animal studies over the last decade and discuss the potential mechanisms by which caffeine may induce weight loss, focusing particularly on increasing energy consumption, suppressing appetite, altering lipid metabolism, and influencing the gut microbiota. Finally, we summarize the major challenges associated with caffeine and anti-obesity research and highlight possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Li R, He Z, Yan W, Yu H, Yi X, Sha Y, Zhang Q, Cai R, Pang W. Tricaprylin, a medium-chain triglyceride, aggravates high-fat diet-induced fat deposition but improves intestinal health. Food Funct 2023; 14:8797-8813. [PMID: 37675852 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are absorbed and metabolized more rapidly than long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) and therefore are considered to have obesity-prevention potential in foods. The effect of adding tricaprylin, an MCT, to food on fat deposition and intestinal health is uncharted. In this study, mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a normal diet (ND), ND with tricaprylin, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with tricaprylin. Supplementation of 2% tricaprylin in HFD significantly increased the body weight, fat mass, liver weight, adipocyte size in adipose tissue and liver, and upregulated genes related to fat deposition. Metabolomic analysis of serum and adipose tissue revealed that tricaprylin significantly increased the contents of metabolites related to lipid metabolism, triglyceride storage, and fat deposition related signaling pathways. In vitro experiments and molecular docking analysis suggest that octanoic acid, a primary decomposition product of tricaprylin, may promote adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes by acting as a PPARγ ligand to activate the expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Although supplementation with 2% tricaprylin in HFD cannot reduce fat deposition, it has a beneficial effect on intestinal health. Tricaprylin improved intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration, and intestinal barrier function-related protein expression, while reducing inflammatory factor levels and the abundance of harmful intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wenyong Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - He Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xudong Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yiwen Sha
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chen L, Wang XJ, Chen JX, Yang JC, Cai XB, Chen YS. Caffeine ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese mice through regulating the gut microbiota and serum metabolism. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 36890514 PMCID: PMC9996965 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with gut microbiota disorders, which has been related to developing metabolic syndromes. The research aims to investigate the effects of caffeine treatment on insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota composition and serum metabolomic changes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD with or without different concentrations of caffeine. After 12 weeks of treatment, body weight, insulin resistance, serum lipid profiles, gut microbiota and serum metabolomic profiles were assessed. RESULTS Caffeine intervention improved the metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice, such as serum lipid disorders and insulin resistance. 16S rRNA Sequencing analysis revealed that caffeine increased the relative abundance of Dubosiella, Bifidobacterium and Desulfovibrio and decreased that of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus to reverse HFD-fed obesity in mice. Additionally, Caffeine Supplementation also altered serum metabolomics, mainly focusing on lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Caffeine increased its metabolite 1,7-Dimethylxanthine, which was positively correlated with Dubosiella. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine exerts a beneficial effect on insulin resistance in HFD-mice, and the underlying mechanism may be partly related to altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Bin Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Song Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Qu J, Ye M, Wen C, Cheng X, Zou L, Li M, Liu X, Liu Z, Wen L, Wang J. Compound dark tea ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis and modulates the gut microbiota in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082250. [PMID: 36742427 PMCID: PMC9895393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark tea is a fermented tea that plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Previous studies have found that dark tea can improve obesity and has a lipid-lowering effect. In this study, green tea, Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea) and Momordica grosvenori (Luo Han Guo) were added to a new compound dark tea (CDT), to improve the taste and health of this beverage. High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with low- (6 mg/mL) or high- (12 mg/mL) concentrations of CDT for 18 weeks to assess their effect on lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that low- and high-concentrations of CDT could reduce body weight by 15 and 16% and by 44 and 38% of body fat, respectively, by attenuating body weight gain and fat accumulation, improving glucose tolerance, alleviating metabolic endotoxemia, and regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. In addition, low concentrations of CDT were able to reduce the abundance of Desulfovibrio, which is positively associated with obesity, and increase the abundance of Ruminococcus, which are negatively associated with obesity. This study demonstrates the effect of CDT on ameliorating lipid metabolism and provides new insights into the research and development of functional tea beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Qu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengke Ye
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Wen
- Hunan Chu Ming Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xianyu Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lirui Zou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Zhonghua Liu ✉
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Lixin Wen ✉
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,Ji Wang ✉
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Chen L, Wang X, Chen J, Yang J, lin L, Cai X, Chen Y. Caffeine Ameliorates the Metabolic Syndrome in Diet-induced Obese Mice Through Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolism.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1897181/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Obesity is associated with gut microbiota disorders, which has been related to developing metabolic syndromes. The research aims to investigate the effects of caffeine treatment on insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota composition and serum metabolomic changes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice.
Methods
Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD with or without different concentrations of caffeine. After 12 weeks of treatment, body weight, insulin resistance, serum lipid profiles, gut microbiota and serum metabolomic profiles were assessed.
Results
Caffeine intervention improved the metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice, such as serum lipid disorders and insulin resistance. 16S rRNA Sequencing analysis revealed that caffeine increased the relative abundance of Dubosiella, Bifidobacterium and Desulfovibrio and decreased that of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus to reverse HFD-fed obesity in mice. Additionally, Caffeine Supplementation also altered serum metabolomics, mainly focusing on lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Caffeine increased its metabolite 1,7-Dimethylxanthine, which was positively correlated with Dubosiella.
Conclusions
Caffeine exerts a beneficial effect on insulin resistance in HFD-mice, and the underlying mechanism may be partly related to altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Xian-jun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Jie-xin Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Jing-cheng Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Ling lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Xian-Bin Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Yong-song Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
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L-theanine induces skeletal muscle fiber type transformation by activation of prox1/CaN signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Biol Chem 2022; 403:959-967. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of L-theanine (LT) on muscle fiber type transformation in C2C12 myotubes. Our data showed that LT exhibited significantly higher slow oxidative muscle fiber expression and lower glycolytic fibers expression. In addition, LT significantly increased the activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, the calcineurin (CaN) activity and the protein expressions of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1), prospero-related homeobox1 (prox1), and calcineurin A (CnA) were significantly increased. However, inhibition of CaN activity by cyclosporine A (CsA) abolished LT-induced increase of slow oxidative muscle fiber expression and decrease of glycolytic fibers expression. Moreover, inhibition of prox1 expression by prox1-siRNA disrupted LT-induced activation of CaN signaling pathway and muscle fiber type transformation. Taken together, these results indicated that LT could promote skeletal muscle fiber type transformation from type II to type I via activation of prox1/CaN signaling pathway.
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Reed D, Kumar D, Kumar S, Raina K, Punia R, Kant R, Saba L, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Tabakoff B, Reisdorph N, Edwards MG, Wempe M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Transcriptome and metabolome changes induced by bitter melon ( Momordica charantia)- intake in a high-fat diet induced obesity model. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:287-301. [PMID: 35493312 PMCID: PMC9039170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease of physiological imbalances interrelated to abnormal metabolic conditions, such as abdominal obesity, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In the present pilot study, we investigated the nutraceutical bitter melon (Momordica charantia L) -intake induced transcriptome and metabolome changes and the converging metabolic signaling networks underpinning its inhibitory effects against MetS-associated risk factors. Experimental procedure Metabolic effects of lyophilized bitter melon juice (BMJ) extract (oral gavage 200 mg/kg/body weight-daily for 40 days) intake were evaluated in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J male mice [fed-high fat diet (HFD), 60 kcal% fat]. Changes in a) serum levels of biochemical parameters, b) gene expression in the hepatic transcriptome (microarray analysis using Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0 ST arrays), and c) metabolite abundance levels in lipid-phase plasma [liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics] after BMJ intervention were assessed. Results and conclusion BMJ-mediated changes showed a positive trend towards enhanced glucose homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism and suppression of glycerophospholipid metabolism. In the liver, nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and circadian rhythm signaling, as well as bile acid biosynthesis and glycogen metabolism targets were modulated by BMJ (p < 0.05). Thus, our in-depth transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis suggests that BMJ-intake lowers susceptibility to the onset of high-fat diet associated MetS risk factors partly through modulation of PPAR signaling and its downstream targets in circadian rhythm processes to prevent excessive lipogenesis, maintain glucose homeostasis and modify immune responses signaling.
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Key Words
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- BMJ, bitter melon juice
- Bitter melon
- DIO, diet-induced obese
- Diet intervention
- HDL, high density lipoprotein (cholesterol)
- HFD, high fat diet
- HMDB, Human Metabolome Database
- High fat diet-induced obesity
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC-MS, liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry
- LDL, low density lipoprotein (cholesterol)
- MetS, Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Momordica charantia
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PPARs, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Reenu Punia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charmion Cruickshank-Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effects of Compound Fuzhuan Brick Tea (CFBT) on Regulating Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Disorders in Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061128. [PMID: 35334785 PMCID: PMC8952331 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) poses a serious threat to people’s health. Fuzhuan brick tea, one of the most popular beverages, is reported to possess a significant effect on regulating lipid metabolism, attributed to its many bioactive ingredients. However, the efficacy and mechanism of compound Fuzhuan brick tea (CFBT) made from Fuzhuan brick tea and other six Chinese herbal medicines are still not well defined. Methods: Sixty mice were divided into six groups: normal control group (CK), high-fat model group (NK), positive control group with anti-hyperlipidemic drug (YK), CFBT at low-(FL), medium-(FM) and high-(FH) dosage. Intervening for 30 days, conventional indexes analysis combined with metabolomics were performed to evaluate the changes in biochemical indexes and liver metabolic profiles in mice submitted to HFD. Results: CFBT treatment was able to ameliorate obesity, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and hepatic steatosis. In addition, significant alterations in the liver tissue metabolic profiles were observed, with most of these associated with inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that consumption of CFBT is capable of preventing dyslipidemia, reducing weight gain, restoring liver injury, as well as improving metabolic disorders.
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Bag S, Mondal A, Majumder A, Banik A. Tea and its phytochemicals: Hidden health benefits & modulation of signaling cascade by phytochemicals. Food Chem 2022; 371:131098. [PMID: 34634647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages, is prepared from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis. The promising health recompenses of tea have been linked to its different phenolic components, which have diverse biological characteristics. Tea also contains several flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic, theanine, etc., which are associated with anti-oxidant characteristics and a variety of health benefits. It can also lower the pervasiveness of neurological disorders as well as prevent different types of cancer, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, urinary stone, obesity, type 2 diabetes. Keeping in mind that tea helps to improve health and prevents many diseases, its consumption has been regarded as a "health-promoting habit" and current medical investigators have established the scientific basis for this concept over time. The current review provides new updated information and perspectives on the tea phytochemicals and their overall health benefits based on molecular processes, experimental studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Bag
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Mondal
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusha Majumder
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Macêdo APA, Gonçalves MDS, Barreto Medeiros JM, David JM, Villarreal CF, Macambira SG, Soares MBP, Couto RD. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:401-415. [PMID: 35014893 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immuno Pharmacology, 42509Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo David Couto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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11
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Xu XY, Zhao CN, Li BY, Tang GY, Shang A, Gan RY, Feng YB, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of tea on obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34704503 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1992748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern. It increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain cancers, which threatens human health and increases social economic burden. As one of the most consumed beverages, tea contains various phytochemicals with potent bioactive properties and health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, immune-regulation, cardiovascular protection and anticancer. Tea and its components are also considered as potential candidates for anti-obesity. Epidemiological studies indicate that regular consumption of tea is beneficial for reducing body fat. In addition, the experimental studies demonstrate that the potential anti-obesity mechanisms of tea are mainly involved in increasing energy expenditure and lipid catabolism, decreasing nutrient digestion and absorption as well as lipid synthesis, and regulating adipocytes, neuroendocrine system and gut microbiota. Moreover, most of clinical studies illustrate that the intake of green tea could reduce body weight and alleviate the obesity. In this review, we focus on the effect of tea and its components on obesity from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, and discuss their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu J, Zhang LL, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zou L. Application of metabolomics for revealing the interventional effects of functional foods on metabolic diseases. Food Chem 2021; 367:130697. [PMID: 34365248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an important branch of systems biology, which can detect changes in the body's metabolism before and after the intervention of functional foods, identify effective metabolites, and predict the interventional effects and the mechanism. This review summarizes the latest research outcomes regarding interventional effects of functional foods on metabolic diseases via metabolomics analysis. Since metabolomics approaches are powerful strategies for revealing the changes in bioactive compounds of functional foods during processing and storage, we also discussed the effects of these parameters on functional food metabolites using metabolomics approaches. To date, a number of endogenous metabolites related to the metabolic diseases after functional foods intervention have been discovered. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of metabolic disease-related molecules are still unclear and require further studies. The combination of metabolomics with other omics technologies could further promote its ability to fully understand the precise biological processes of functional food intervention on metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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13
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Wu W, Hu Y, Zhang S, Liu D, Li Q, Lin Y, Liu Z. Untargeted metabolomic and lipid metabolism-related gene expression analyses of the effects and mechanism of aged Liupao tea treatment in HFD-induced obese mice. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23791-23800. [PMID: 35479821 PMCID: PMC9036539 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liupao tea (LPT) has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD); however, the effects and mechanism of aged Liupao tea (different storage years) treatment on obesity have not yet been reported. In this study, mice were divided into four groups as follows: the control group fed a normal diet; the model group fed an HFD; and the LPT aged 1 year (1Y) and LPT aged 10 years (10Y) groups receiving an HFD and water extractions from LPTs of different ages for 5 weeks. Our results revealed that aged LPT significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity symptoms, especially in the 10Y group. Additionally, metabolomic analysis identified 11 common differential metabolites that were partly recovered to normal levels after aged LPT treatment, involved mainly in the metabolic pathways of the citrate cycle, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Aged LPT treatment also regulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression in the liver, which decreased the mRNA levels of SREBP-1C/HMGR/FAS involved in de novo lipogenesis and increased the mRNA levels of PPARα, LDLR and LCAT. Our study demonstrated that aged LPT may be used as a potential dietary supplement for improving obesity-related diseases caused by an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Yao Hu
- Nuclear Agronomy and Aerospace Breeding Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha Hunan 410125 PR China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Changsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 PR China
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Effect of Duyun Compound Green Tea on Gut Microbiota Diversity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice Revealed by Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8832554. [PMID: 33628318 PMCID: PMC7886516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to disorders of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Duyun compound green tea, an ancient Chinese drink, is widely consumed to reduce weight, although the mechanism is not clear. In this study, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (CK), HFD model control group (NK), positive control group with medicine (YK), low-dose compound tea group (DL), and high-dose compound tea group (DH). After 4 weeks of intervention, the feces of mice were taken under sterile conditions and evaluated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal microbiota was the highest in the CK group, the lowest in the NK group, and relatively increased in the compound tea treatment group. Second, there were differences in intestinal microbiota in each group, among which the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of the CK group were higher than those in the other groups, while the beneficial bacteria in each compound tea treatment group were more abundant than those in the NK group, in which harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract were found to be the highest. These results suggest that compounds in tea may be able to attenuate imbalances of intestinal microbiota induced by poor diet, acting as a therapeutic agent in obesity or other diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
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Sasaki GY, Li J, Cichon MJ, Kopec RE, Bruno RS. Catechin-Rich Green Tea Extract and the Loss-of-TLR4 Signaling Differentially Alter the Hepatic Metabolome in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000998. [PMID: 33249742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) limits inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consistent with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism. It is hypothesized that GTE supplementation during NASH will shift the hepatic metabolome similar to that attributed to the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and loss-of-function TLR4-mutant (TLR4mut ) mice are fed a high-fat diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks prior to performing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on liver tissue. The loss-of-TLR4 signaling and GTE shift the hepatic metabolome away from that of WT mice. However, relatively few metabolites are altered by GTE in WT mice to the same extent as the loss-of-TLR4 signaling in TLR4mut mice. GTE increases acetyl-coenzyme A precursors and spermidine to a greater extent than the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Select metabolites associated with thiol metabolism are similarly affected by GTE and the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Glycerophospholipid catabolites are decreased by GTE, but are unaffected in TLR4mut mice. Conversely, the loss-of-TLR4 signaling but not GTE increases several bile acid metabolites. CONCLUSION GTE limitedly alters the hepatic metabolome consistent with a TLR4-dependent mechanism. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory activities of GTE and loss-of-TLR4 signaling that regulate hepatic metabolism to abrogate NASH are likely due to distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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16
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Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5232614. [PMID: 32733635 PMCID: PMC7376439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5232614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the ‘engine' of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism in many human diseases. Many natural products could remedy the mitochondria to alleviate mitochondria-involved diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the relationship between the mitochondria and human diseases and the regulation of natural products to the mitochondria. We proposed that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive strategy for a mitochondria-involved disorder therapy. Moreover, investigating the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can potentiate the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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Li Y, Lu X, Li X, Guo X, Sheng Y, Li Y, Xu G, Han X, An L, Du P. Effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides on hyperlipidemic rats by regulation of intestinal microflora. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2758-2772. [PMID: 32566193 PMCID: PMC7300064 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research envisaged the effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides (ABPs) on blood lipids and its role in regulation of the intestinal microflora in hyperlipidemic rats. The acidic polysaccharide fraction of Agaricus blazei Murrill was obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography. The sugar content of ABP was 75.1%. Compared with the model group (MG), the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels decreased (p < .05 or p < .01) and the HDL-C levels increased (p < .01) significantly in the ABP group. Expression of CYP7A1 was up-regulated (p < .01), and that of SREBP-1C (p < .05) was down-regulated significantly in the liver tissue of rats in the ABP group. Additionally, the disordered hepatic lobules and the steatosis of hepatocytes were found to be significantly alleviated in the ABP group. We believe that ABP can reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and reduce the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae_unclassified, and Ruminococcaceae, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Allobaculum, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Erysipelotrichaceae as targets to regulate blood lipids. The results showed ABP could regulate the dyslipidemia in rats with hyperlipidemia. The mechanism may be through the regulation of the imbalance of intestinal microflora induced by the high-fat diet in rats, which may be one of the important ways of its intervention on the dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xuechun Lu
- General Hospital of People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xiao Guo
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yu Sheng
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Yingna Li
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Xiao Han
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Liping An
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
| | - Peige Du
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisCollege of PharmacyBeihua UniversityJilinChina
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Zhang Y, Gu M, Wang R, Li M, Li D, Xie Z. Dietary supplement of Yunkang 10 green tea and treadmill exercise ameliorate high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome of C57BL/6 J mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32042300 PMCID: PMC7001212 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and exercise play important roles in ameliorating metabolic syndrome. Yunkang 10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a most cultivated tea variety for making tea in the Southwestern China. Currently, there is no report of healthy effects of Yunkang 10 green tea (YKGT) and treadmill exercise (Ex) on high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and molecular mechanism of YKGT and Ex using high fat diet induced MetS of C57BL/6 mice. Methods Catechins and caffeine in water extract of YKGT were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 10-week old mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obese mice. Then the obese mice were fed with continuous high fat diet (HFD), HFD with YKGT, HFD with Ex, and HFD with both YKGT and Ex for 8 weeks, respectively. The another group of 10-week old mice fed with low fat diet (LFD) were used as control. Results HPLC data revealed that YKGT has abundantly high concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine compared to Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) green tea. YKGT and Ex significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), insulin, and alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) when compared to HFD group. The fatty liver and hepatic pro-inflammatory gene expression in the YKGT, Ex and YKGT+Ex groups was mitigated significantly compared with HFD group, respectively. The phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α (IkBα) protein in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also decreased in YKGT or YKGT+Ex groups. The combination of YKGT and Ex prevented gene expression for lipid synthesis in the liver tissue, and significantly upregulated mRNA level of glucose transport genes in the skeletal muscles, when compared to the HFD group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that YKGT supplement or exercise appeared to reverse preexisting metabolic syndrome, and effectively relieved the fatty liver and hepatic inflammatory response induced by high fat diet. YKGT supplement and treadmill exercise together had better beneficial effects than only one intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Zhang
- 1Department of Sports Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Gu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Wang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Menwan Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Rahman SU, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ming P, Zhu L, Chu X, Li J, Feng S, Wang X, Wu J. Green tea polyphenols decrease weight gain, ameliorate alteration of gut microbiota, and mitigate intestinal inflammation in canines with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 78:108324. [PMID: 32004926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exhibit beneficial effects towards obesity and intestinal inflammation; however, the mechanisms and association with gut microbiota are unclear. We examined the role of the gut microbiota of GTPs treatment for obesity and inflammation. Canines were fed either a normal diet or high-fat diet with low (0.48% g/kg), medium (0.96% g/kg), or high (1.92% g/kg), doses of GTPs for 18 weeks. GTPs decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The relative proportion of Acidaminococcus, Anaerobiospirillum, Anaerovibrio, Bacteroides, Blautia, Catenibactetium, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Collinsella, and Escherichia were significantly associated with GTPs-induced weight loss. GTPs significantly (P<.01) decreased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited induction of the TLR4 signaling pathway compared with high-fat diet. We show that the therapeutic effects of GTPs correspond with changes in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity mechanisms of GTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pengfei Ming
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China.
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Sasaki GY, Li J, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Kopec RE, Bruno RS. Green Tea Extract Treatment in Obese Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Restores the Hepatic Metabolome in Association with Limiting Endotoxemia-TLR4-NFκB-Mediated Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900811. [PMID: 31574193 PMCID: PMC7293799 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by lowering endotoxin-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor-4)-NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-B) inflammation. This study aimed to define altered MS-metabolomic responses during high-fat (HF)-induced NASH that are restored by GTE utilizing livers from an earlier study in which GTE decreased endotoxin-TLR4-NFκB liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed a low-fat (LF) or HF diet for 12 weeks and then randomized to LF or HF diets containing 0% or 2% GTE for an additional 8 weeks. Global MS-based metabolomics and targeted metabolite profiling of catechins/catechin metabolites are evaluated. GTE in HF mice restores hepatic metabolites implicated in dyslipidemia insulin resistance, and inflammation. These include 122 metabolites: amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, vitamins, bile acids, flavonoids, xenobiotics, and carbohydrates. Hepatic amino acids, B-vitamins, and bile acids are inversely correlated with biomarkers of insulin resistance, liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation. Further, phosphatidylcholine metabolites are positively correlated with biomarkers of liver injury and NFκB inflammation. Thirteen catechin metabolites are identified in livers of GTE-treated mice, mostly as phase II conjugates of parental catechins or microbial-derived valerolactones. CONCLUSION The defined anti-inflammatory/metabolic interactions advance an understanding of the mechanism by which GTE catechins protect against NFκB-mediated liver injury in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ken M Riedl
- Nutrient and Phytochemical Analytics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Jiang J. The Hypoglycemic Effect of Green Tea Brewed in Cold Water is more Effective. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1970042. [PMID: 31536681 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201970042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Jiang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, College of International Education, Shek Mun, Hong Kong, 999077
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Yang CS, Zhang J. Studies on the Prevention of Cancer and Cardiometabolic Diseases by Tea: Issues on Mechanisms, Effective Doses, and Toxicities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5446-5456. [PMID: 30541286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief overview of studies on the prevention of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases by tea. The major focus is on green tea catechins concerning the effective doses used, the mechanisms of action, and possible toxic effects. In cancer prevention by tea, the laboratory results are strong; however, the human data are inconclusive, and the effective doses used in some human trials approached toxic levels. In studies of the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the results from human studies are stronger in individuals who consume 3-4 cups of tea (600-900 mg of catechins) or more per day. The tolerable upper intake level of tea catechins has been set at 300 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a bolus dose per day in some European countries. The effects of doses and dosage forms on catechin toxicity, the mechanisms involved, and factors that may affect toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854-8020 , United States
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Maiti S, Nazmeen A, Medda N, Patra R, Ghosh TK. Flavonoids green tea against oxidant stress and inflammation with related human diseases. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Park S, Kim DS, Kang S, Kim HJ. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine improved Alzheimer disease-like symptoms by potentiating hippocampal insulin signaling and decreasing neuroinflammation and norepinephrine degradation in amyloid-β-infused rats. Nutr Res 2018; 60:116-131. [PMID: 30527255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin and l-theanine have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and possible antidiabetic activities, and they may synergistically protect against dementia. Here, we hypothesized that a combination of luteolin and l-theanine would synergistically act to improve memory function and glucose disturbances in rats infused with amyloid-β, and the mechanisms underlying these actions were investigated. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25-35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed dextrin (AD-CON), 0.1% luteolin (AD-Lut), 0.2% l-theanine (AD-Thea), or both 0.05% luteolin and 0.1% l-theanine (AD-LuTh) in conjunction with a high-fat diet over 8 weeks. AD-LuTh improved memory function, as determined by water maze and passive avoidance tests, by potentiating the hippocampal insulin signaling and reducing inflammation: Luteolin mainly potentiated insulin signaling via the pAkt➔pGSK➔pTau pathway, and l-theanine primarily reduced tumor necrosis factor-α. In the metabolomics analysis of the hippocampus lysates, the concentration of proline, phenylpyruvic acid, and normetanephrine decreased in the AD-LuTh compared to AD-CON. Norepinephrine contents were lower in the AD-CON than non-AD rats with a high fat diet with 0.2% dextrin, whereas AD-Thea and AD-LuTh inhibited the decrease. Both the AD-Lut and AD-LuTh increased glucose infusion rates and decreased hepatic glucose output under basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions, indicating improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Disturbances in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamp were most effectively corrected by the AD-Lut and AD-LuTh treatments. In conclusion, the hypothesis of the study was accepted. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine prevented Alzheimer disease-like symptom, possibly by improving hippocampal insulin signaling, norepinephrine metabolisms, and decreasing neuroinflammation. The combination of luteolin and l-theanine may be a useful therapeutic option for preventing and/or delaying the progression of memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Xiao X, Dong Y, Zhou X. Fermented barley extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 changes serum metabolomic profiles in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:303-310. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1511687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Choi BH, Jin Z, Yi CO, Oh J, Jeong EA, Lee JY, Park KA, Kim KE, Lee JE, Kim HJ, Hahm JR, Roh GS. Effects of lobeglitazone on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200336. [PMID: 29979770 PMCID: PMC6034891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobeglitazone (Lobe) is a novel thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug that reduces insulin resistance by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). However, the exact mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of Lobe have not been established in an animal model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Lobe and investigate possible factors involved in Lobe-enhanced hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mice were fed an HFD for 15 weeks. Lobe was administrated orally during the last 9 weeks. Lobe treatment significantly reduced insulin resistance and increased expression of hepatic glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and PPARs in HFD-fed mice. However, increased body weight and hepatic steatosis were not reduced by Lobe in these mice. Metabolomics fingerprinting showed that several lipogenesis-related hepatic and serum metabolites in HFD-fed mice had positive or negative correlations with Lobe administration. In particular, increased leptin levels during HFD were further increased by Lobe. HFD-induced signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in the hypothalamus was increased by Lobe. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed more proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-positive neurons in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice (with or without Lobe) compared with normal diet-fed mice. Despite improving leptin signaling in the hypothalamus and enhancing insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice, Lobe increased body weight and steatosis. Further research is necessary regarding other factors affecting Lobe-enhanced hepatic steatosis and hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Hoi Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin-ok Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhong Oh
- EZmass Co., Ltd., Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-ah Park
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- EZmass Co., Ltd., Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ryeal Hahm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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27
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Asada N, Kairiku R, Tobo M, Ono A. Effects of Shiitake Intake on Serum Lipids in Rats Fed Different High-Oil or High-Fat Diets. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:345-356. [PMID: 29701491 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1458768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) extract, eritadenine, has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels, and its hypocholesterolemic actions are involved in the metabolism of methionine. However, the mechanisms by which eritadenine affects cholesterol metabolism in animals fed a high-fat diet containing different sources of lipids have not yet been elucidated in detail. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shiitake supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in rats fed a diet including a high amount of a plant oil (HO [high oil] and HOS [high oil with shiitake] groups), animal fat (HF [high fat] and HFS [high fat with shiitake] groups), or MCT- (medium-chain triglyceride-) rich plant oil (HM [high MCT] and HMS [high MCT with shiitake] groups). Rats in the HOS, HFS, and HMS groups were fed shiitake. When rats were fed a diet containing shiitake, serum triglyceride, cholesterol levels, and LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) activities were lower in rats given MCT-rich plant oil than in those that consumed lard. The lipid type in the diet with shiitake also affected serum cholesterol levels and LCAT activities. The diet containing MCT-rich plant oil showed the greatest rates of decrease in all serum lipid profiles and LCAT activities. These results suggest that shiitake and MCT-rich plant oil work together to reduce lipid profiles and LCAT activity in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Asada
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Beppu University , Beppu , Japan
| | - Rumi Kairiku
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , Beppu University, Junior College , Beppu , Japan
| | - Mika Tobo
- b Department of Food and Nutrition , Beppu University, Junior College , Beppu , Japan
| | - Akifumi Ono
- c Department of Clinical Nutrition , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Kurashiki , Japan
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28
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Wang L, Zeng B, Liu Z, Liao Z, Zhong Q, Gu L, Wei H, Fang X. Green Tea Polyphenols Modulate Colonic Microbiota Diversity and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet Treated HFA Mice. J Food Sci 2018; 83:864-873. [PMID: 29427445 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the effect of dietary polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota and the possible associations between this effect and the development of obesity. However, limited information is available on how these polyphenols affect the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. The co-action of a high-fat diet (HFD) and tea polyphenol (TP) on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism using a human flora-associated (HFA) C57BL/6J mice model is studied. TP reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) levels of HFD mice in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). TP also significantly increased acetic acid and butyric acid levels in HFA mice. 16S rRNA V3 region Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles showed that HFD mice had significantly reduced microbial diversity. This reduction could be alleviated by TP, with a significant increase in the richness and diversity of colonic microbiota in the high-fat diet with 0.2% TP (TPM) and high-fat diet with 0.05% TP (TPL) groups (P < 0.05). 454 pyrosequencing analysis showed that the HFD group had a significant increase in the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (F/B) ratio (P < 0.001), which could effectively be reversed by TP. The results showed that the changes in composition and diversity of colonic microbiota by TP administration suppressed the host body weight and blood lipid increase in high-fat diet HFA mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION A high fat diet significantly impacted gut microbiota composition and lipid metabolism in human flora-associated mice, which were largely ameliorated by tea polyphenol (TP). Therefore, TPs may be effectively used in controlling or treating obesity, hyperlipidemia and other related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China.,Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Inst., Univ. of California Davis, Calif., U.S.A
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical Univ., Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Gu
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical Univ., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Dept. of Laboratory Animal Science, Coll. of Food Science, South China Agricultural Univ., Guangzhou, China
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29
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Daliri EBM, Wei S, Oh DH, Lee BH. The human microbiome and metabolomics: Current concepts and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3565-3576. [PMID: 27767329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1220913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract has co-developed with a large number of microbes in a symbiotic relationship over millions of years. Recent studies indicate that indigenous bacteria are intimate with the intestine and play essential roles in health and disease. In the quest to maintain a stable niche, these prokaryotes influence multiple host metabolic pathways, resulting from an interactive host-microbiota metabolic signaling and impacting strongly on the metabolic phenotypes of the host. Since dysbiosis of the gut bacteria result in alteration in the levels of certain microbial and host co-metabolites, identifying these markers could enhance early detection of diseases. Also, identification of these metabolic fingerprints could give us clues as to how to manipulate the microbiome to promote health or treat diseases. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of the microbiome and metablomics, applications and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | - Deog H Oh
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | - Byong H Lee
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.,b Department of Food Science/Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue , Quebec , Canada
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30
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He WS, Pan RR, Li LL, Cui DD, Wang HH, Mao GH, Chen XQ. Combined Lowering Effect of Phytosterol Esters and Tea Extracts on Lipid Profiles in SD Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Rui-Rong Pan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Guang-Hua Mao
- School of the environment and safety engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology
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31
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Lu Y, Li W, Yang X. Soluble soybean polysaccharides enhance the protective effects of genistein against hepatic injury in high l-carnitine-fed mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4364-4373. [PMID: 29067388 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was to develop a novel strategy for the simultaneous consumption of soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) to enhance the absorption of genistein and its protective effects against high l-carnitine-induced hepatic injury in mice. UPLC-qTOP/MS measurements showed that SSPS observably increased the urinary concentration of genistein and its metabolites in mice. The mice fed with 3% l-carnitine water for 12 weeks experienced a disturbance of the hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, which was evidenced by abnormal TC, LDL, RAHFR and MDA levels, unusual AST, ALT, ALP, SOD and GSP-Px activities, and increased IF-1, IF-6 and TNF-α expressions. Interestingly, the co-supplementation of SSPS and genistein was capable of regulating these imbalances more effectively than the administration of SSPS or genistein alone, which was also confirmed by histological observations of the mouse liver. These findings suggest that the co-ingestion of SSPS and genistein is a feasible strategy for improving liver protection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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32
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Yang CS, Wang H, Sheridan ZP. Studies on prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer by tea. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:1-13. [PMID: 29389543 PMCID: PMC9332647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been studied extensively in recent decades for its beneficial health effects in the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. Whereas these beneficial effects have been convincingly demonstrated in most laboratory studies, results from human studies have not been consistent. Some studies demonstrated that weight reduction, alleviation of metabolic syndrome and risk reduction in diabetes were only observed in individuals who consume 3-4 cups of tea (600-900 mg tea catechins) or more daily. This chapter reviews some of these studies, the possible mechanisms of actions of tea constituents, and the challenges in extrapolating laboratory studies to human situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shu Yang
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA. Fax: +1 732 445 0687. E-mail address: (C.S. Yang)
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33
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Henning SM, Yang J, Hsu M, Lee RP, Grojean EM, Ly A, Tseng CH, Heber D, Li Z. Decaffeinated green and black tea polyphenols decrease weight gain and alter microbiome populations and function in diet-induced obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2759-2769. [PMID: 28965248 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decaffeinated green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) polyphenols inhibit weight gain in mice fed an obesogenic diet. Since the intestinal microflora is an important contributor to obesity, it was the objective of this study to determine whether the intestinal microflora plays a role in the anti-obesogenic effect of GT and BT. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HF/HS, 32% energy from fat; 25% energy from sucrose) or the same diet supplemented with 0.25% GTP or BTP or a low-fat/high-sucrose (LF/HS, 10.6% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose) diet for 4 weeks. Bacterial composition was assessed by MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS GTP and BTP diets resulted in a decrease of cecum Firmicutes and increase in Bacteroidetes. The relative proportions of Blautia, Bryantella, Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Marvinbryantia, Turicibacter, Barnesiella, and Parabacteroides were significantly correlated with weight loss induced by tea extracts. BTP increased the relative proportion of Pseudobutyrivibrio and intestinal formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analyzed by gas chromatography. Cecum propionic acid content was significantly correlated with the relative proportion of Pseudobutyrivibrio. GTP and BTP induced a significant increase in hepatic 5'adenosylmonophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation by 70 and 289%, respectively (P < 0.05) determined by Western blot. CONCLUSION In summary, both BTP and GTP induced weight loss in association with alteration of the microbiota and increased hepatic AMPK phosphorylation. We hypothesize that BTP increased pAMPK through increased intestinal SCFA production, while GTPs increased hepatic AMPK through GTP present in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mark Hsu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Emma M Grojean
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Austin Ly
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Warren Hall 14-166, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Nam M, Choi MS, Choi JY, Kim N, Kim MS, Jung S, Kim J, Ryu DH, Hwang GS. Effect of green tea on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 51:1-7. [PMID: 29078075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Green tea (GT) is a widely consumed beverage with health benefits, including antiobesity effects; however, the efficacy of GT on lipid levels associated with obesity is not clearly understood. Here, we examined the impact of GT consumption on lipid metabolism in the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We performed lipid profiling using ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD and HFD with GT for 12 weeks. The partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot showed a difference among the groups and revealed that the levels of several lipid metabolites were altered in mice fed HFD with GT. The decreased levels of lysophospholipids (LPLs), such as lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylserine, in HFD mice compared to those of the ND group were recovered by supplementation of GT. In agreement with these lipid metabolites changes, hepatic lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2/4 was significantly increased in HFD mice. This study showed abnormal changes in lipid species associated with obesity, and these levels were attenuated by GT intake, suggesting a relationship between the reduction of hepatic LPL levels and inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic or, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic or, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea..
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.; Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea..
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35
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Ding S, Jiang J, Yu P, Zhang G, Zhang G, Liu X. Green tea polyphenol treatment attenuates atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E-knockout mice via alleviating dyslipidemia and up-regulating autophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181666. [PMID: 28777810 PMCID: PMC5544182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Green tea polyphenol (GTP) is a polyphenol source from green tea that has drawn wide attention owing to epidemiological evidence of its beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GTP treatment on autophagy regulation in the vessel wall and lipid metabolism of HFD-fed male ApoE-knockout mice. Methods: Adult male ApoE-knockout mice (n = 30) fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with either vehicle or GTP (3.2 or 6.4 g/L) administered via drinking water for 15 weeks, and C57BL/6J mice fed with standard chow diet (STD) were used as the control group. Metabolic parameters, expression of key mRNAs and proteins of hepatic lipid metabolism and autophagy in the vessel wall of mice were determined after the 15-week treatment. Results: A HFD induced atherosclerosis formation and lipid metabolism disorders as well as reduced autophagy expression in the vessel wall of ApoE-knockout mice, but GTP treatment alleviated the lipid metabolism disorders, decreased the oxLDL levels in serum, and increased the mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic PPARα and autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin1 and p62) in the vessel wall of ApoE-knockout mice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GTP supplementation showed marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved lipid metabolism as well as through a direct impact on oxLDL and autophagy flux in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Pengxin Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
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Suh DH, Lee HW, Jung ES, Singh D, Kim SH, Lee CH. In vivo metabolomic interpretation of the anti-obesity effects of hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.) administration in high-fat diet mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28106337 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The esoteric anti-obesity effects of hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L) have largely remained unexplored. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanisms of hyacinth bean compared to milk thistle, a natural herb employed for ameliorating obesity-related diseases, using high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice towards unfolding the perplexing mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice were orally administered hyacinth bean (25 mg/kg/day) and milk thistle (100 mg/kg/day) for 9 weeks along with HFD. Intriguingly, a number of anti-obesity mechanisms indexed through clinical parameters, suppression in weight gains and liver steatosis were found similar to some disparity. Furthermore, the corresponding metabolic implications were studied through MS-based metabolite profiling, and using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for metabolic pathways revealing that hyacinth bean or milk thistle administration effectively attenuates the HFD-induced lipid, glucose, and bile acid metabolism, with former specifically attenuates pyruvate-derived amino acids metabolism. Among them, valine, asparagine, and lysine displayed high correlation with blood clinical parameters. CONCLUSION A lower dose of hyacinth bean resulted in similar anti-obesity effects as milk thistle, as confirmed by both clinical and metabolomics analyses. Equivocally, we conjecture that hyacinth bean could be used as a potent anti-obesity herbal functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Serum metabolomics reveals the mechanistic role of functional foods and exercise for obesity management in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:91-101. [PMID: 28500980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the independent risk factors for several health problems, leading to metabolic perturbations and for which analytical approaches i.e., "metabolomics" is needed to monitor the underlying metabolic changes. In this study, obesity associated changes were assessed via serum metabolites analysis of obese rats fed on high fat diet. Obese rats were subsequently treated with different functional foods used for obesity management including pomegranate, grapefruit, and red cabbage in parallel to swimming exercise. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by multivariate data analysis to classify samples and determine if such treatments can help revert obesity related metabolic changes back to normal status. Results led to the identification of several novel metabolites biomarkers for obesity related to lipids, amino acids and central tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways. Distinct variations in metabolite levels were recorded in obese rats compared to normal ones including l-aspartic, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-glycine, phenylethanolamine, α-aminobutyric acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid. Metabolomics approach developed herein provides novel insight onto the metabolic disturbances associated with obesity, which will assist in future drug design that can help mitigate against such changes.
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Lu YL, Lin SY, Fang SU, Hsieh YY, Chen CR, Wen CL, Chang CI, Hou WC. Hot-Water Extracts from Roots of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana and Identified ε-Viniferin Improve Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2521-2529. [PMID: 28285527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hot-water extracts (HW) from roots of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT-R) were shown to lower levels of lipid accumulation significantly (P < 0.01 or 0.001) compared to the control in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The VTT-R-HW (40 mg/kg) interventions concurrent with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice over a 5 eek period were shown to reduce body weights significantly (P < 0.05) compared to those of mice fed a HF diet under the same food-intake regimen. The (+)-ε-viniferin isolated from VTT-R-HW was shown to reduce the size of lipid deposits significantly compared to the control (P < 0.05 or 0.001) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and dose-dependent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitions showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated to be 96 μM. The two-stage (+)-ε-viniferin interventions (10 mg/kg, day 1 to day 38; 25 mg/kg, day 39 to day 58) were shown to lower mice body weights significantly (P < 0.05 or 0.001), the weight ratio of mesenteric fat, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to that of the HF group under the same food-intake regimen but without concurrent VTT-R-HW interventions. It might be possible to use VTT-R-HW or (+)-ε-viniferin as an ingredient in the development of functional foods for weight management, and this will need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University , Taitung 950, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture , Taichung 426, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Ni CX, Gong H, Liu Y, Qi Y, Jiang CL, Zhang JP. Green Tea Consumption and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:211-220. [PMID: 28095030 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Green tea is a commonly consumed beverage in Asia and has been suggested to have anticarcinogenic properties. To date, epidemiological evidence of the effect of green tea consumption on liver cancer risk remains ambiguous. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer. The summary relative risk for the highest consumption (≥5 cups/day) of green tea on liver cancer incidence compared with nondrinkers was 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.49-0.79). We also found a trend that the incidence of liver cancer was reduced with the increasing years of green tea intake (significance at >20 yr). A significant dose-response association was found between green tea drinking and liver cancer risk. The downward trend was most obvious when the consumption of green tea increased up to about 4 cups/day. The results showed that the increasing green tea intake may have a preventive effect against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Ni
- a Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Gong
- c Laboratory of Stress Medicine , Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ying Liu
- d Department of Pharmacy , Dongfang Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Qi
- b College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- c Laboratory of Stress Medicine , Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- b College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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Ward RE, Benninghoff AD, Healy BJ, Li M, Vagu B, Hintze KJ. Consumption of the total Western diet differentially affects the response to green tea in rodent models of chronic disease compared to the AIN93G diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27921383 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In pre-clinical studies investigating bioactive components, the efficacy of the bioactive is likely influenced by the basal diet provided to rodents. In this study, we hypothesized that a model bioactive, green tea extract (GTE), would have different effects on colon carcinogenesis, body composition, and lipid metabolism in mice fed a basal diet formulated to promote animal health and growth (AIN93G) as compared to a Western diet that emulates typical American intakes of micro- and macronutrients, the total Western diet (TWD). METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed either AIN93G or TWD, with or without GTE added to drinking water for 18 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in azoxymethane-initiated mice was nearly three times greater in mice fed TWD compared to AIN93G. Consumption of GTE suppressed ACF development only in mice fed the TWD. Similarly, supplementation with GTE suppressed weight gain and fasted glucose only in mice fed TWD, while GTE suppressed fat mass in mice fed either diet. Irrespective of diet, GTE supplementation increased cecum weight and decreased cecal SCFA concentration. CONCLUSION Collectively, these observations indicate that the TWD influences the bioactivity of GTE in rodent models of obesity, metabolism, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,USTAR Applied Nutrition Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Abby D Benninghoff
- USTAR Applied Nutrition Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Brett J Healy
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Bharath Vagu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Korry J Hintze
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,USTAR Applied Nutrition Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Rupasinghe HPV, Sekhon-Loodu S, Mantso T, Panayiotidis MI. Phytochemicals in regulating fatty acid β-oxidation: Potential underlying mechanisms and their involvement in obesity and weight loss. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:153-63. [PMID: 27288729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of fat as the result of more energy intake and less energy expenditure is known as obesity. Lipids are essential components in the human body and are vital for maintaining homeostasis and physiological as well as cellular metabolism. Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism (by fatty acid oxidation) are normal part of basic fuel metabolism in animals. Fatty acids are degraded in the mitochondria by a biochemical process called β-oxidation in which two-carbon fragments are produced in each cycle. The increase in fatty acid β-oxidation is negatively correlated with body mass index. Although healthy life style, avoiding Western diet, dieting and strenuous exercise are the commonly used methods to lose weight, they are not considered a permanent solution in addition to risk attenuation of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Pharmacotherapy offers benefits of weight loss by altering the satiety and lowering absorption of fat from the food; however, its side effects may outweigh the benefits of weight loss. Alternatively, dietary phytochemicals and natural health products offer great potential as an efficient weight loss strategy by modulating lipid metabolism and/or increasing BMR and thermogenesis. Specifically, polyphenols such as citrus flavonoids, green tea epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, capsaicin and curcumin, have been reported to increase lipolysis and induce fatty acid β-oxidation through modulation of hormone sensitive lipase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, carnitine acyl transferase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1. In this review article, we discuss selected phytochemicals in relation to their integrated functionalities and specific mechanisms for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Satvir Sekhon-Loodu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
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Tsai WH, Wu CH, Yu HJ, Chien CT. l-Theanine inhibits proinflammatory PKC/ERK/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy formation in substance P-induced hyperactive bladder in rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:297-307. [PMID: 26828717 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Upregulation of substance P (SP) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) activation induces pro-inflammatory bladder hyperactivity through the PKC/ERK/NF-κB/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling pathways to increase the leukocyte infiltration and adhesion leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagy, and apoptosis. l-Theanine is a unique non-protein-forming amino acid present in tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and relaxation effects to improve cognition, mood, gastric ulcer injury, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We explored the protective effect of l-theanine on SP-induced bladder hyperactivity. METHODS In urethane-anesthetized female Wistar rats, we explored the transcystometrogram, pelvic nerve activity, proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF-κB/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling, apoptosis-related Caspase 3/poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), and autophagy-mediated LC3 II expression by Western blot, electrophoretic-mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry, bladder ROS amount by a ultrasensitive chemiluminescence method, and possible ROS sources from the different leukocytes by specific stains in SP-evoked hyperactive bladder. RESULTS l-Theanine dose-dependently depressed H2 O2 and HOCl activity in vitro. In urethane-anesthetized female Wistar rats, intra-arterial SP through NK1R activation increased voiding frequency (shortened intercontraction intervals) associated with the increase in bladder nerve activity, proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF-κB/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling, Caspase 3/PARP-mediated apoptosis, LC3 II-mediated autophagy, ROS amount, neutrophils adhesion, CD68 (monocyte/macrophage) infiltration, and mast cells degranulation in the hyperactive bladder. Intragastrical l-theanine (15 mg/kg) twice daily for 2 weeks efficiently ameliorated all the enhanced parameters in the SP-treated hyperactive bladder. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, l-theanine through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions ameliorates SP-induced bladder hyperactivity via the inhibition of proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF-κB/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling, oxidative stress, bladder nerve hyperactivity, apoptosis, and autophagy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:297-307, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Linsen (Chinese Medicine) Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jeng Yu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li W, Huang D, Gao A, Yang X. Stachyose increases absorption and hepatoprotective effect of tea polyphenols in high fructose-fed mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:502-10. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Anning Gao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
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Brown L, Poudyal H, Panchal SK. Functional foods as potential therapeutic options for metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2015; 16:914-41. [PMID: 26345360 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity as part of metabolic syndrome is a major lifestyle disorder throughout the world. Current drug treatments for obesity produce small and usually unsustainable decreases in body weight with the risk of major adverse effects. Surgery has been the only treatment producing successful long-term weight loss. As a different but complementary approach, lifestyle modification including the use of functional foods could produce a reliable decrease in obesity with decreased comorbidities. Functional foods may include fruits such as berries, vegetables, fibre-enriched grains and beverages such as tea and coffee. Although health improvements continue to be reported for these functional foods in rodent studies, further evidence showing the translation of these results into humans is required. Thus, the concept that these fruits and vegetables will act as functional foods in humans to reduce obesity and thereby improve health remains intuitive and possible rather than proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brown
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - H Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S K Panchal
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Lin SY, Huang GC, Hsieh YY, Lin YS, Han CH, Wen CL, Chang CI, Hou WC. Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana Extracts and Purified Compounds Ameliorate Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9286-9294. [PMID: 26448517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity continues to gain more attention worldwide. In this study, diet-induced obese mice were used to evaluate the antiobesity effects of extracts, fractions, and purified compounds from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana (VTT). The C57BL/6J mice were fed a 5-week high-fat diet (HF) concurrently with ethanol extracts (Et-ext, 80 mg/kg) from roots (R), stems (S), and leaves (L) by oral gavage daily. Only R-Et-ext interventions showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group; however, mouse plasma contents of total cholesterols (TC), total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) of all three Et-ext intervened groups showed significant reductions compared with those in the HF group. Furthermore, intervention with the ethyl acetate-partitioned fraction (EA-fra, 60 mg/kg) from R-Et-ext but not the n-butanol-partitioned fraction or water fraction from R-Et-ext showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group. The same molecular weights of three resveratrol tetramers, (+)-hopeaphenol, (+)-vitisin A, and (-)-vitisin B, were isolated from the EA-fra of VTT-R. The (+)-vitisin A and fenofibrate (25 mg/kg) but not the (+)-hopeaphenol and (-)-vitisin B interventions showed significant weight reduction in mice compared with those in the HF group. The total feed intake among the HF groups with or without interventions showed no significant differences. The mouse plasma contents of TC, TG, LDL, free fatty acid, and plasma lipase activity of the three resveratrol tetramer-intervened groups showed reductions in the mice compared with those in the HF group. It was proposed that the lipase inhibitory activities of VTT extracts and purified resveratrol tetramers might contribute in part to the antiobesity effect, and these results suggested that VTT may be developed as functional food for achieving antiobesity objectives and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University , and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Cheng Huang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital , Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure and Recreation Industry Management, College of Humanities and Management, Fooyin University , Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shiou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsiao Han
- Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, Fo Guang University , Yilan 262, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture , Taichung 426, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Food metabolomics: from farm to human. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 37:16-23. [PMID: 26426959 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, one of the latest components in the suite of systems biology, has been used to understand the metabolism and physiology of living systems, including microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. Food metabolomics can be defined as the application of metabolomics in food systems, including food resources, food processing and diet for humans. The study of food metabolomics has increased gradually in the recent years, because food systems are directly related to nutrition and human health. This review describes the recent trends and applications of metabolomics to food systems, from farm to human, including food resource production, industrial food processing and food intake by humans.
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