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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Guo F, Liu X, Li X, Han Z, Li X, Shi X, Wen L, Wang J. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Effects of Three MUFA-Rich Oils on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300398. [PMID: 37867207 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Olive oil, rapeseed oil, and lard are dietary fats rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, but the effects of dietary oils enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids on hepatic lipid deposition have seldom been compared. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are randomly divided into six groups and fed diets containing lard, rapeseed oil, or olive oil with a 10% or 45% fat energy supply for 16 weeks. Under high-fat conditions, serum total cholesterol levels in the lard and olive oil groups are significantly higher than those in the rapeseed oil group. Hepatic lipid content in the olive oil group is higher than that in the other two groups. Compared with rapeseed oil, lard increases the liver levels of arachidonic, palmitic, and myristic acids and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Olive oil increases the liver levels of docosatrienoic, arachidonic, oleic, and myristic acids; maltose; and fructose and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic, linolenic, and linoleic acids. CONCLUSION Olive oil probably causes hepatic lipid deposition in mice, which may enhance hepatic lipid synthesis by activating the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. By contrast, rapeseed oil shows a significant anti-lipid deposition effect on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fangrui Guo
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xin Li
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Zongding Han
- Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingyong Shi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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2
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Rivas-Garcia L, Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Marquez JM, Llopis J, Forbes-Hernández TY, Xiao J, Quiles JL, Sanchez-Gonzalez C. Valorization of Olea europaea and olive oil processing by-products/wastes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 107:193-212. [PMID: 37898540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea) is a native species from the Mediterranean region and widely cultivated for its edible fruit, known as olives. Olives are a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and polyphenols, and have been shown to have various health benefits. They are commonly used for cooking and are also employed in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. The extract obtained from olive fruits and several subproducts of the olive industry has demonstrated several biological activities mainly associated with their antioxidant and inflammatory properties. Thus, olives, olive-derived products, and subproducts of the olive industry have gained popularity in recent years due to their potential health benefits and their use in traditional medicine. The present chapter summarizes the main applications of Olea europaea and olive oil processing by-products as therapeutic agents against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rivas-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Romero-Marquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense E, Spain
| | - Jose L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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3
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Derakhshandeh‐Rishehri S, Kazemi A, Shim SR, Lotfi M, Mohabati S, Nouri M, Faghih S. Effect of olive oil phenols on oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2393-2402. [PMID: 37181304 PMCID: PMC10171518 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic content of olive oil has a role in cardiovascular protection. Some clinical trial studies demonstrated that phenolic compounds of olive oil have antioxidant activity which can protect macronutrients from oxidative damages. The aim of this study was to summarize the results of clinical trials which assessed the effects of high- versus low-phenol olive oil on oxidative stress biomarkers levels. We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Embase up to July 2021. Eight clinical trials which evaluated the effect of the phenolic content of olive oil on oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), or ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were included the meta analysis. A significant decrease was observed in ox-LDL level (WMD: -0.29 U/L; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.07) and MDA (WMD: -1.82 μmoL/L; 95% CI: -3.13, -0.50). However, after subgroup analysis for MDA, the result was not significant for not serious limitation (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.24), but significant for serious limitation (SMD: -3.64, 95% CI: -4.29 to -2.99). Also, no significant change was found in FRAP (WMD: 0.0 mmoL/L; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.04) level. Dose-response analysis indicated a significant linear relationship between the phenolic content of olive oil and ox-LDL. The present study showed some beneficial effects of high-phenol compared with low-phenol olive oil on ox-LDL and MDA levels. According to the meta-regression analysis along with the increasing phenolic content of olive oil, a reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Mostafa Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohabati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Nutrition Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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4
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Impact of Phenol-Enriched Olive Oils on Serum Metabonome and Its Relationship with Cardiometabolic Parameters: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over, Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101964. [PMID: 36290685 PMCID: PMC9598678 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-rich foods consumption such as virgin olive oil (VOO) has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. The broader biochemical impact of VOO and phenol-enriched OOs remains, however, unclear. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, controlled trial was performed with thirty-three hypercholesterolemic individuals who ingested for 3-weeks (25 mL/day): (1) an OO enriched with its own olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) (500 ppm; FOO); (2) an OO enriched with its own olive oil PCs (250 ppm) plus thyme PCs (250 ppm; FOOT); and (3) a VOO with low phenolic content (80 ppm). Serum lipid and glycemic profiles, serum 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, endothelial function, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk were measured. We combined OPLS-DA with machine learning modelling to identify metabolites discrimination of the treatment groups. Both phenol-enriched OO interventions decreased the levels of glutamine, creatinine, creatine, dimethylamine, and histidine in comparison to VOO one. In addition, FOOT decreased the plasma levels of glycine and DMSO2 compared to VOO, while FOO decreased the circulating alanine concentrations but increased the plasma levels of acetone and 3-HB compared to VOO. Based on these findings, phenol-enriched OOs were shown to result in a favorable shift in the circulating metabolic phenotype, inducing a reduction in metabolites associated with cardiometabolic diseases.
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5
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Jaen-Vega S, Fernández-Martínez E, Ortíz-Rodríguez MA, Martínez-Salazar MF, Jiménez-Sánchez RC, Flores-Chávez OR, Ramírez-Moreno E, Arias-Rico J, Arteaga-García F, Estrada-Luna D. Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Dysregulation of Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in HIV+ Patients: Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5592. [PMID: 35628408 PMCID: PMC9146859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has continued to be the subject of study since its discovery nearly 40 years ago. Significant advances in research and intake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have slowed the progression and appearance of the disease symptoms and the incidence of concomitant diseases, which are the leading cause of death in HIV+ persons. However, the prolongation of ART is closely related to chronic degenerative diseases and pathologies caused by oxidative stress (OS) and alterations in lipid metabolism (increased cholesterol levels), both of which are conditions of ART. Therefore, recent research focuses on using natural therapies to diminish the effects of ART and HIV infection: regulating lipid metabolism and reducing OS status. The present review summarizes current information on OS and cholesterol metabolism in HIV+ persons and how the consumption of certain phytochemicals can modulate these. For this purpose, MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were consulted to identify publications investigating HIV disease and natural therapies and their associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
| | - Sinaí Jaen-Vega
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Farmacología, Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Calle Dr. Eliseo Ramírez Ulloa no. 400, Col. Doctores, Pachuca Hidalgo 42090, Mexico;
| | - María Araceli Ortíz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Iztaccíhuatl 100 Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico;
| | - María Fernanda Martínez-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Reyna Cristina Jiménez-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico;
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
| | - Felipe Arteaga-García
- Coordinación de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, Carretera México-Pachuca km 82, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico;
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (S.J.-V.); (R.C.J.-S.); (O.R.F.-C.); (J.A.-R.)
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Modification of High-Density Lipoprotein Functions by Diet and Other Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245897. [PMID: 34945193 PMCID: PMC8707678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functional traits have emerged as relevant elements that may explain HDL antiatherogenic capacity better than HDL cholesterol levels. These properties have been improved in several lifestyle intervention trials. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the results of such trials of the most commonly used dietary modifications (fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidants, alcohol, and calorie restriction) and physical activity. Articles were screened from the Medline database until March 2021, and 118 randomized controlled trials were selected. Results from HDL functions and associated functional components were extracted, including cholesterol efflux capacity, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, HDL antioxidant capacity, HDL oxidation status, paraoxonase-1 activity, HDL anti-inflammatory and endothelial protection capacity, HDL-associated phospholipase A2, HDL-associated serum amyloid A, and HDL-alpha-1-antitrypsin. In mainly short-term clinical trials, the consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (particularly omega-3 in fish), and dietary antioxidants showed benefits to HDL functionality, especially in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. In this regard, antioxidant-rich dietary patterns were able to improve HDL function in both healthy individuals and subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, in randomized trial assays performed mainly in healthy individuals, reverse cholesterol transport with ethanol in moderate quantities enhanced HDL function. Nevertheless, the evidence summarized was of unclear quality and short-term nature and presented heterogeneity in lifestyle modifications, trial designs, and biochemical techniques for the assessment of HDL functions. Such findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. Large-scale, long-term, randomized, controlled trials in different populations and individuals with diverse pathologies are warranted.
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Biocatalyzed Flow Oxidation of Tyrosol to Hydroxytyrosol and Efficient Production of Their Acetate Esters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071142. [PMID: 34356374 PMCID: PMC8301122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol (Ty) and hydroxytyrosol (HTy) are valuable dietary phenolic compounds present in olive oil and wine, widely used for food, nutraceutical and cosmetic applications. Ty and HTy are endowed with a number of health-related biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this work, we developed a sustainable, biocatalyzed flow protocol for the chemo- and regio-selective oxidation of Ty into HTy catalyzed by free tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus in a gas/liquid biphasic system. The aqueous flow stream was then in-line extracted to recirculate the water medium containing the biocatalyst and the excess ascorbic acid, thus improving the cost-efficiency of the process and creating a self-sufficient closed-loop system. The organic layer was purified in-line through a catch-and-release procedure using supported boronic acid that was able to trap HTy and leave the unreacted Ty in solution. Moreover, the acetate derivatives (TyAc and HTyAc) were produced by exploiting a bioreactor packed with an immobilized acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT), able to selectively act on the primary alcohol. Under optimized conditions, high-value HTy was obtained in 75% yield, whereas TyAc and HTyAc were isolated in yields of up to 80% in only 10 min of residence time.
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8
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, Valls RM, Farràs M, Rubió L, Castañer O, Macià A, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Covas MI, Giera M, Remaley AT, Solà R. Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis of the VOHF Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001192. [PMID: 33561904 PMCID: PMC9286430 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scope The lipidomic analysis of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) could be useful to identify new biomarkers of HDL function. Methods and results A randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) is performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO), or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses are performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increase monounsaturated‐fatty acids (FAs) and decrease saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake does not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake are inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) in HDL is inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Conclusion VOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida. Avda/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Catalonia, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida. Avda/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Catalonia, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20 - salida 13), Logroño (La Rioja), 26007, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,NUPROAS Handelsbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, 43204, Spain
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9
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High-Density Lipoproteins and Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030955. [PMID: 33809504 PMCID: PMC7999874 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality and the study of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) particle composition and functionality has become a matter of high interest, particularly in light to the disappointing clinical data for HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) raising therapies in CVD secondary prevention and the lack of association between HDL-C and the risk of CVD. Recent evidences suggest that HDL composition and functionality could be modulated by diet. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) on changes in HDL structure and functionality in humans. A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Web of Science) and 13 records were chosen. MD showed favorable effects on HDL functionality, particularly by improving HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and decreasing HDL oxidation. In addition, HDL composition and size were influenced by MD. Thus, MD is a protective factor against CVD associated with the improvement of HDL quality and the prevention of HDL dysfunctionality.
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From Green Technology to Functional Olive Oils: Assessing the Best Combination of Olive Tree-Related Extracts with Complementary Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020202. [PMID: 33573339 PMCID: PMC7912092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the combination of olive tree-related extracts with the most favorable profile of in vitro bioactive properties. We tested the antioxidant (increment of low-density lipoprotein resistance against oxidation), vasoactive (promotion of nitric oxide release and decrease of endothelin-1 production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells), anti-inflammatory (decrease of the endothelial production of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and antithrombotic (reduction of the endothelial release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) capacities of six phenolic extracts and three triterpenic acid solutions (Ps and Ts, respectively). We tested extracts alone and in combination, at nutritional (Ps: 0.05–0.5 μmol/L; Ts: 0.001–0.1 μmol/L) and nutraceutical doses (Ps: 1–10 μmol/L; Ts: 0.25–10 μmol/L). The combination of Ps rich in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (76%, P2), hydroxytyrosol (95%, P3), and oleuropein (70%, P4) (final nutritional concentration: 0.15 μmol/L; final nutraceutical concentration: 3 μmol/L) was the best in order to prepare functional products and nutraceuticals with cardioprotective properties, despite the fact that the isolated extract with the greatest in vitro properties was P5 (75% oleocanthal), suggesting a potential synergistic effect among different olive components.
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11
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Robman LD, Phuong Thao LT, Guymer RH, Wolfe R, Woods RL, Hodgson LAB, Phung J, Makeyeva GA, Le-Pham YA, Orchard SG, Suleiman J, Maguire E, Trevaks RE, Ward SA, Riaz M, Lacaze P, Storey E, Abhayaratna WP, Nelson MR, Ernst ME, Reid CM, McNeil JJ. Baseline characteristics and age-related macular degeneration in participants of the "ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly" (ASPREE)-AMD trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 20:100667. [PMID: 33210016 PMCID: PMC7658662 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the baseline participant characteristics in the ASPREE-AMD study, investigating the effect of aspirin on AMD incidence and progression. METHODS Australian participants from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, randomized to 100 mg aspirin daily or placebo, had non-mydriatic, digital color fundus images graded according to the Beckman AMD classification. Associations with AMD were determined for baseline characteristics and genetic risk variants. RESULTS ASPREE-AMD sub-study enrolled 4993 participants with gradable macular images. Median age was 73.4 years (IQR, 71.5, 76.6), 52% were female, 10% had diabetes mellitus, 73% had hypertension, and 44% were former/current smokers. Early, intermediate and late AMD (detected in 20.6%, 16.1%, 1.1%, respectively), significantly associated with age, were also associated with increasing HDL levels: OR = 1.52 (95%CI, 1.26, 1.84), OR = 1.43 (1.17, 1.77) and OR = 1.96 (1.02, 3.76), respectively. Female sex was associated with early [OR = 1.37 (1.16, 1.62)], and intermediate [OR = 1.35 (1.12, 1.63)] AMD, as was previous regular use of aspirin, with OR = 1.46 (1.11, 1.92) and OR = 1.37 (1.01, 1.85), respectively. Current smoking had increased odds for late AMD, OR = 4.02 (1.42, 11.36). Genetic risk variant rs3750846 (ARMS2/HTRA1) was associated with each AMD stage (p < 0.001), risk variants rs570618 and rs10922109 (CFH) with intermediate and late AMD (p < 0.001), and rare variant rs147859257 (C3) with late AMD (p < 0.001). The randomized groups were well balanced for all analyzed AMD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Observed associations are typical of AMD. The ASPREE-AMD clinical trial provides a unique opportunity to determine the risks and benefits of low-dose aspirin for AMD incidence and progression in elderly population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN 12613000755730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov D. Robman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia,Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, ASPREE Coordinating Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robyn H. Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Lauren AB. Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - James Phung
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Galina A. Makeyeva
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Y-Anh Le-Pham
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jewhara Suleiman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Emily Maguire
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ruth E. Trevaks
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Stephanie A. Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Walter P. Abhayaratna
- College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Michael E. Ernst
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, Arranz S, Frost G, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082200. [PMID: 32718098 PMCID: PMC7468985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive information of the beneficial effects of virgin olive oil (VOO), especially on cardiovascular diseases. Some VOO healthy properties have been attributed to their phenolic-compounds (PCs). The aim of this review is to present updated data on the effects of olive oil (OO) PCs on the gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity, as well as on the crosstalk among them. We summarize experiments and clinical trials which assessed the specific effects of the olive oil phenolic-compounds (OOPCs) without the synergy with OO-fats. Several studies have demonstrated that OOPC consumption increases Bacteroidetes and/or reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which have both been related to atheroprotection. OOPCs also increase certain beneficial bacteria and gut-bacteria diversity which can be therapeutic for lipid-immune disorders and obesity. Furthermore, some of the mechanisms implicated in the crosstalk between OOPCs and these disorders include antimicrobial-activity, cholesterol microbial metabolism, and metabolites produced by bacteria. Specifically, OOPCs modulate short-chain fatty-acids produced by gut-microbiota, which can affect cholesterol metabolism and the immune system, and may play a role in weight gain through promoting satiety. Since data in humans are scarce, there is a necessity for more clinical trials designed to assess the specific role of the OOPCs in this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Farràs M, Canyelles M, Fitó M, Escolà-Gil JC. Effects of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on Lipoprotein Atherogenicity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030601. [PMID: 32110861 PMCID: PMC7146215 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenicity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) may be more significant than LDL cholesterol levels. Clinical trials which have led to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have not always seen reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, genetic variants predisposing individuals to high HDL cholesterol are not associated with a lower risk of suffering a coronary event, and therefore HDL functionality is considered to be the most relevant aspect. Virgin olive oil (VOO) is thought to play a protective role against CVD. This review describes the effects of VOO and phenol-enriched VOOs on lipoprotein atherogenicity and HDL atheroprotective properties. The studies have demonstrated a decrease in LDL atherogenicity and an increase in the HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL antioxidant activity, and HDL anti-inflammatory characteristics after various VOO interventions. Moreover, the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes was enhanced after exposure to phenol-enriched VOOs in both post-prandial and sustained trials. Improvements in HDL antioxidant properties were also observed after VOO and phenol-enriched VOO interventions. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated improved characteristics of TRL atherogenicity under postprandial conditions after VOO intake. Large-scale, long-term randomized clinical trials, and Mendelian analyses which assess the lipoprotein state and properties, are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Farràs M, Arranz S, Carrión S, Subirana I, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Blanchart G, Kool M, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Escolà-Gil JC, Rubió L, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fitó M, Hernáez Á, Castañer O. A Functional Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Olive Oil and Thyme Phenolic Compounds Improves the Expression of Cholesterol Efflux-Related Genes: A Randomized, Crossover, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081732. [PMID: 31357534 PMCID: PMC6723782 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as virgin olive oil (VOO) promotes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic capacities. Intake of functional VOOs (enriched with olive/thyme phenolic compounds (PCs)) also improves HDL functions, but the gene expression changes behind these benefits are not fully understood. Our aim was to determine whether these functional VOOs could enhance the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 22 hypercholesterolemic subjects ingested for three weeks 25 mL/day of: (1) a functional VOO enriched with olive oil PCs (500 mg/kg); (2) a functional VOO enriched with olive oil (250 mg/kg) and thyme PCs (250 mg/kg; FVOOT), and; (3) a natural VOO (olive oil PCs: 80 mg/kg, control intervention). We assessed whether these interventions improved the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions. The FVOOT intervention upregulated the expression of CYP27A1 (p = 0.041 and p = 0.053, versus baseline and the control intervention, respectively), CAV1 (p = 0.070, versus the control intervention), and LXRβ, RXRα, and PPARβ/δ (p = 0.005, p = 0.005, and p = 0.038, respectively, relative to the baseline). The consumption of a functional VOO enriched with olive oil and thyme PCs enhanced the expression of key cholesterol efflux regulators, such as CYP27A1 and nuclear receptor-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Carrión
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Epidemiology Research Group, IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Blanchart
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjon Kool
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - María José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, CSIC-Universidad de la Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackă, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Marx W, George ES, Mayr HL, Thomas CJ, Sarapis K, Moschonis G, Kennedy G, Pipingas A, Willcox JC, Prendergast LA, Itsiopoulos C. Effect of high polyphenol extra virgin olive oil on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy Australian adults (OLIVAUS): A protocol for a double‐blind randomised, controlled, cross‐over study. Nutr Diet 2019; 77:523-528. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Elena S. George
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Hannah L. Mayr
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group Gold Coast Queensland Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Colleen J. Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Katerina Sarapis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jane C. Willcox
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Luke A. Prendergast
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Biomarkers of food intake for nuts and vegetable oils: an extensive literature search. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:7. [PMID: 30923582 PMCID: PMC6423890 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuts and vegetable oils are important sources of fat and of a wide variety of micronutrients and phytochemicals. Following their intake, several of their constituents, as well as their derived metabolites, are found in blood circulation and in urine. As a consequence, these could be used to assess the compliance to a dietary intervention or to determine habitual intake of nuts and vegetable oils. However, before these metabolites can be widely used as biomarkers of food intake (BFIs), several characteristics have to be considered, including specificity, dose response, time response, stability, and analytical performance. We have, therefore, conducted an extensive literature search to evaluate current knowledge about potential BFIs of nuts and vegetable oils. Once identified, the strengths and weaknesses of the most promising candidate BFIs have been summarized. Results from selected studies have provided a variety of compounds mainly derived from the fatty fraction of these foods, but also other components and derived metabolites related to their nutritional composition. In particular, α-linolenic acid, urolithins, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid seem to be the most plausible candidate BFIs for walnuts, whereas for almonds they could be α-tocopherol and some catechin-derived metabolites. Similarly, several studies have reported a strong association between selenium levels and consumption of Brazil nuts. Intake of vegetable oils has been mainly assessed through the measurement of specific fatty acids in different blood fractions, such as oleic acid for olive oil, α-linolenic acid for flaxseed (linseed) and rapeseed (canola) oils, and linoleic acid for sunflower oil. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites were the most promising distinctive BFIs for (extra) virgin olive oil. However, most of these components lack sufficient specificity to serve as BFIs. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to discover new candidate BFIs, as well as to further evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, dose-response relationships, and reproducibility of these candidate biomarkers and to eventually validate them in other populations. For the discovery of new candidate BFIs, an untargeted metabolomics approach may be the most effective strategy, whereas for increasing the specificity of the evaluation of food consumption, this could be a combination of different metabolites.
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Tsartsou E, Proutsos N, Castanas E, Kampa M. Network Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Effects of Olive-Oil in Humans Shows the Importance of Olive Oil Consumption With Moderate Polyphenol Levels as Part of the Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30809527 PMCID: PMC6379345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial role of olive oil consumption is nowadays widely recognized. However, it is not clear whether its health effects are due to the presence of monounsaturated lipids and/or to the antioxidant fraction of microconstituents present in olive oil. The aim of the present study was to analyze the exact role of olive oil in the modification of metabolic factors (glucose and circulating lipids) and explore the role of its antioxidant polyphenols. In the present work, we have performed a network meta-analysis of 30 human intervention studies, considering direct and indirect interactions and impact of each constituent. Interestingly, we show that the impact of olive oil on glucose, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol is mediated through an adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with the only notable effect of olive oil polyphenols being the increase of HDL-cholesterol, and the amelioration of the antioxidant and inflammatory status of the subjects. Additionally, we report for the first time that lower antioxidant polyphenol levels may be sufficient for the beneficial effects of olive oil, while we show that the lipid fraction of olive oil may be responsible for some of its beneficial actions. In all parameters examined the beneficial effect of olive oil was more pronounced in subjects with an established metabolic syndrome or other chronic conditions/diseases. In conclusion, all these findings provide new knowledge that could lead to re-establishment of the role of olive oil in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsartsou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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18
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Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Gasparrini M, Afrin S, Cianciosi D, Zhang J, Manna PP, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Varela Lopez A, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Bompadre S, Xiao J, Giampieri F. Relevance of functional foods in the Mediterranean diet: the role of olive oil, berries and honey in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:893-920. [PMID: 30421983 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1526165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-known dietary pattern associated with longevity and improvement of life quality as it reduces the risk of the most common chronic pathologies, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), that represent the principal cause of death worldwide. One of the most characteristic foods of MedDiet is olive oil, a very complex matrix, which constitutes the main source of fats and is used in the preparation of foods, both raw as an ingredient in recipes, and in cooking. Similarly, strawberries and raspberries are tasty and powerful foods which are commonly consumed in the Mediterranean area in fresh and processed forms and have attracted the scientific and consumer attention worldwide for their beneficial properties for human health. Besides olive oil and berries, honey has lately been introduced in the MedDiet thanks to its relevant nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant profile. It is a sweet substance that has recently been classified as a functional food. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the recent evidence, obtained from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, on the potential roles exerted by these foods in the prevention and progression of different types of cancer and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Battino
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Piera P Manna
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy.,b Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela Lopez
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy.,c Department of Physiology , Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Josè L Quiles
- c Department of Physiology , Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Stefano Bompadre
- e Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- f Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
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19
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George ES, Marshall S, Mayr HL, Trakman GL, Tatucu-Babet OA, Lassemillante ACM, Bramley A, Reddy AJ, Forsyth A, Tierney AC, Thomas CJ, Itsiopoulos C, Marx W. The effect of high-polyphenol extra virgin olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2772-2795. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1470491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. George
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gina L. Trakman
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oana A. Tatucu-Babet
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante
- Department of Health and Medical Science and Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Bramley
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anjana J. Reddy
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Forsyth
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Audrey C. Tierney
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Colleen J. Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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20
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Pedret A, Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Romeu M, Macià A, López de Las Hazas MC, Farràs M, Giralt M, Mosele JI, Martín-Peláez S, Remaley AT, Covas MI, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Cardiovascular Benefits of Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils: New Insights from the Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality (VOHF) Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800456. [PMID: 29956886 PMCID: PMC8456742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The main findings of the "Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality" (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work. METHODS AND RESULTS VOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg-1 ), FVOO (500 mg kg-1 ), and FVOOT (500 mg kg-1 ; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat-soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol-enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources. CONCLUSION Novel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL-cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol-enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), 43204, Reus, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Juana I Mosele
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), 13100, Nacka, Sweden
| | - Montse Fitó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain
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21
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Lima-Cabello E, Biel-Glesson S, Fernandez-Navarro JR, Calleja MA, Roca M, Espejo-Calvo JA, Gil-Extremera B, Soria-Florido M, de la Torre R, Fito M, Covas MI, Alche JDD, Martinez de Victoria E, Gil A, Mesa MD. Effects of Virgin Olive Oils Differing in Their Bioactive Compound Contents on Metabolic Syndrome and Endothelial Functional Risk Biomarkers in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E626. [PMID: 29772657 PMCID: PMC5986505 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of virgin olive oils (VOOs) enriched with phenolic compounds and triterpenes on metabolic syndrome and endothelial function biomarkers in healthy adults. The trial was a three-week randomized, crossover, controlled, double-blind, intervention study involving 58 subjects supplemented with a daily dose (30 mL) of three oils: (1) a VOO (124 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes); (2) an optimized VOO (OVOO) (490 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes); and (3) a functional olive oil (FOO) high in phenolic compounds (487 ppm) and enriched with triterpenes (389 ppm). Metabolic syndrome and endothelial function biomarkers were determined in vivo and ex vivo. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) increased after the OVOO intake. Plasma endothelin-1 levels decreased after the intake of the three olive oils, and in blood cell cultures challenged. Daily intake of VOO enriched in phenolic compounds improved plasma HDLc, although no differences were found at the end of the three interventions, while VOO with at least 124 ppm of phenolic compounds, regardless of the triterpenes content improved the systemic endothelin-1 levels in vivo and ex vivo. No effect of triterpenes was observed after three weeks of interventions. Results need to be confirmed in subjects with metabolic syndrome and impaired endothelial function (Clinical Trials number NCT02520739).
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sara Biel-Glesson
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose R Fernandez-Navarro
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Calleja
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan A Espejo-Calvo
- Instituto para la Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria (ICSA), Avenida de la Hispanidad 17, 18320 Santa Fe, Granada, Spain.
| | - Blas Gil-Extremera
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackã, Sweden, NUPROAS HB, Apartado de Correos 93, 17242 Girona, Spain.
| | - Juan de Dios Alche
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Emilio Martinez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria D Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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22
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Marques LR, Diniz TA, Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Caperuto EC, Lira FS, Gonçalves DC. Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Molecular Mechanisms and the Non-medical Approach to Enhance HDL Cholesterol. Front Physiol 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 29867567 PMCID: PMC5962737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia (high concentrations of LDL-c and low concentrations of HDL-c) is a major cause of cardiovascular events, which are the leading cause of death in the world. On the other hand, nutrition and regular exercise can be an interesting strategy to modulate lipid profile, acting as prevention or treatment, inhibiting the risk of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic characteristics. Additionally, the possibility of controlling different training variables, such as type, intensity and recovery interval, can be used to maximize the benefits of exercise in promoting cardiovascular health. However, the mechanisms by which exercise and nutrients act in the regulation of cholesterol and its fractions, such as reverse cholesterol transport, receptors and transcription factors involved, such as PPARs and their role related to exercise, deserve further discussion. Therefore, the objective of this review is to debate about non-medical approaches to increase HDL-c, such as nutritional and training strategies, and to discuss the central mechanisms involved in the modulation of lipid profile during exercise, as well as that can be controlled by physical trainers or sports specialists in attempt to maximize the benefits promoted by exercise. The search for papers was performed in the databases: Medline (Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus, Sport Discus, Web of Science, Scielo and Lilacs until February 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro R Marques
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiego A Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Gonçalves
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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23
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Deiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:4085-4099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols concentrate at the intestinal level and, by modulating the microbiota, oxidative status and inflammation, contribute to prevent the onset or delay the progression of inflammatory/degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre
- University of Roehampton
- SW15 4JD London
- UK
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24
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Phenol-enriched olive oils improve HDL antioxidant content in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Rubió L, Hernáez Á, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Valls RM, Mosele JI, Covas MI, Remaley AT, Castañer O, Motilva MJ, Solá R. Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships with Fluidity of HDL Monolayer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28887843 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (CEC) is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. HDL composition, fluidity, oxidation, and size are related with CEC. We aimed to assess which HDL parameters were CEC determinants after virgin olive oil (VOO) ingestion. METHODS AND RESULTS Post-hoc analyses from the VOHF study, a crossover intervention with three types of VOO. We assessed the relationship of 3-week changes in HDL-related variables after intervention periods with independence of the type of VOO. After univariate analyses, mixed linear models were fitted with variables related with CEC and fluidity. Fluidity and Apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I content in HDL was directly associated, and HDL oxidative status inversely, with CEC. A reduction in free cholesterol, an increase in triglycerides in HDL, and a decrease in small HDL particle number or an increase in HDL mean size, were associated to HDL fluidity. CONCLUSIONS HDL fluidity, ApoA-I concentration, and oxidative status are major determinants for CEC after VOO. The impact on CEC of changes in free cholesterol and triglycerides in HDL, and those of small HDL or HDL mean size, could be mechanistically linked through HDL fluidity. Our work points out novel therapeutic targets to improve HDL functionality in humans through nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat-Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (Eurecat-CTNS), Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-M Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Juana I Mosele
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackă, Sweden
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Solá
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Martini D, Del Bo’ C, Porrini M, Ciappellano S, Riso P. Role of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in the modulation of PON1 activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fernández-Castillejo S, García-Heredia AI, Solà R, Camps J, López de la Hazas MC, Farràs M, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Castañer O, Covas MI, Valls RM. Phenol-enriched olive oils modify paraoxonase-related variables: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28544610 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low paraoxonase (PON)1 activities, and high PON1 and low PON3 protein levels are characteristic of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess short- and long-term effects of virgin olive oils (VOO), enriched with their own phenolic compounds (PC; FVOO) or with them plus complementary PC from thyme (FVOOT), on PON-related variables and the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Two randomized, controlled, double-blind, and crossover interventions were conducted. In an acute intake study, participants ingested three FVOOs differing in PC content. In a sustained intake study, participants ingested a control VOO and two different FVOOs with the same PC content but differing in PC source. Acute and sustained intake of VOO and FVOO decreased PON1 protein and increased PON1-associated specific activities, while FVOOT yielded opposite results. PON3 protein levels increased only after sustained consumption of VOO. Mechanistic studies performed in rat livers showed that intake of isolated PC from VOO and from thyme modulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors regulating PON synthesis, while a combination of these PCs cancels such regulation. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the intake of phenol-enriched FVOOs modulates oxidative balance by modifying PON-related variables according to PC content and source, and this modulation can be perceived as beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Marta Farràs
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hernáez Á, Castañer O, Elosua R, Pintó X, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Fiol M, Ortega-Calvo M, Ros E, Martínez-González MÁ, de la Torre R, López-Sabater MC, Fitó M. Mediterranean Diet Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2017; 135:633-643. [PMID: 28193797 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) contribute to explaining the cardioprotective role of the lipoprotein beyond quantitative HDL cholesterol levels. A few small-scale interventions with a single antioxidant have improved some HDL functions. However, to date, no long-term, large-scale, randomized controlled trial has been conducted to assess the effects of an antioxidant-rich dietary pattern (such as a traditional Mediterranean diet [TMD]) on HDL function in humans. METHODS This study was performed in a random subsample of volunteers from the PREDIMED Study (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea; n=296) after a 1-year intervention. We compared the effects of 2 TMDs, one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD-VOO; n=100) and the other enriched with nuts (TMD-Nuts; n=100), with respect to a low-fat control diet (n=96). We assessed the effects of both TMDs on the role of HDL particles on reverse cholesterol transport (cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL ability to esterify cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity), HDL antioxidant properties (paraoxonase-1 arylesterase activity and total HDL antioxidant capacity on low-density lipoproteins), and HDL vasodilatory capacity (HDL ability to induce the release of nitric oxide in endothelial cells). We also studied the effects of a TMD on several HDL quality-related characteristics (HDL particle oxidation, resistance against oxidative modification, main lipid and protein composition, and size distribution). RESULTS Both TMDs increased cholesterol efflux capacity relative to baseline (P=0.018 and P=0.013 for TMD-VOO and TMD-Nuts, respectively). The TMD-VOO intervention decreased cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity (relative to baseline, P=0.028) and increased HDL ability to esterify cholesterol, paraoxonase-1 arylesterase activity, and HDL vasodilatory capacity (relative to control, P=0.039, P=0.012, and P=0.026, respectively). Adherence to a TMD induced these beneficial changes by improving HDL oxidative status and composition. The 3 diets increased the percentage of large HDL particles (relative to baseline, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The TMD, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, improved HDL atheroprotective functions in humans. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Olga Castañer
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Roberto Elosua
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Xavier Pintó
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Ramón Estruch
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Dolores Corella
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Fernando Arós
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Miquel Fiol
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Manuel Ortega-Calvo
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- From Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (A.H., O.C., R.d.l.T, M. Fitó) and Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (R. Elosua), REGICOR Study Group, and Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group (R.d.l.T.), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition (A.H.) and Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (M.C.L.-S.), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (A.H., O.C., X.P., R. Estruch, J.S.-S., D.C., F.A., L.S.-M., M. Fiol, M.O.-C., E.R., M.A.M.-G., R.d.l.T., M.C.L.-S., M. Fitó); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (X.P.); Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R. Estruch, E.R.); Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Hospital Son Espases, and Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M. Fiol); Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, Spain (M.O.-C.); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.).
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Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Figueiredo-González M, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gándara J, Salvador MD, Cancho-Grande B, Fregapane G. State of the Art on Functional Virgin Olive Oils Enriched with Bioactive Compounds and Their Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030668. [PMID: 28335517 PMCID: PMC5372680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil, the main fat of the Mediterranean diet, is per se considered as a functional food—as stated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)—due to its content in healthy compounds. The daily intake of endogenous bioactive phenolics from virgin olive oil is variable due to the influence of multiple agronomic and technological factors. Thus, a good strategy to ensure an optimal intake of polyphenols through habitual diet would be to produce enriched virgin olive oil with well-known bioactive polyphenols. Different sources of natural biological active substances can be potentially used to enrich virgin olive oil (e.g., raw materials derived from the same olive tree, mainly olive leaves and pomaces, and/or other compounds from plants and vegetables, mainly herbs and spices). The development of these functional olive oils may help in prevention of chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, immune frailty, ageing disorders and degenerative diseases) and improving the quality of life for many consumers reducing health care costs. In the present review, the most relevant scientific information related to the development of enriched virgin olive oil and their positive human health effects has been collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Figueiredo-González
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Barreiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Desamparados Salvador
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Cancho-Grande
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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30
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Valls RM, Farràs M, Pedret A, Fernández-Castillejo S, Catalán Ú, Romeu M, Giralt M, Sáez GT, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Covas MI, Motilva MJ, Solà R, Rubió L. Virgin olive oil enriched with its own phenolic compounds or complemented with thyme improves endothelial function: The potential role of plasmatic fat-soluble vitamins. A double blind, randomized, controlled, cross-over clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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31
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Mora-Ruiz ME, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Salvador MD, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Simal-Gándara J, Fregapane G. Assessment of polar phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil by NIR and mid-IR spectroscopy and their impact on quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Mora-Ruiz
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria; Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | | | - Carmen González-Barreiro
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria; Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Beatriz Cancho-Grande
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria; Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria; Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Vigo; Ourense Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
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Biel S, Mesa MD, de la Torre R, Espejo JA, Fernández-Navarro JR, Fitó M, Sánchez-Rodriguez E, Rosa C, Marchal R, Alche JDD, Expósito M, Brenes M, Gandul B, Calleja MA, Covas MI. The NUTRAOLEOUM Study, a randomized controlled trial, for achieving nutritional added value for olive oils. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:404. [PMID: 27770787 PMCID: PMC5075414 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Virgin olive oil, a recognized healthy food, cannot be consumed in great quantities. We aim to assess in humans whether an optimized virgin olive oil with high phenolic content (OVOO, 429 mg/Kg) and a functional one (FOO), both rich in phenolic compounds (429 mg/Kg) and triterpenic acids (389 mg/kg), could provide health benefits additional to those supplied a by a standard virgin olive oil (VOO). Methods/design A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled study will be conducted. Healthy volunteers (aged 20 to 50) will be randomized into one of three groups of daily raw olive oil consumption: VOO, OVOO, and FOO (30 mL/d). Olive oils will be administered over 3-week periods preceded by 2-week washout ones. The main outcomes will be markers of lipid and DNA oxidation, inflammation, and vascular damage. A bioavailability and dose-response study will be nested within this sustained- consumption one. It will be made up of 18 volunteers and be performed at two stages after a single dose of each olive oil. Endothelial function and nitric oxide will be assessed at baseline and at 4 h and 6 h after olive oil single dose ingestion. Discussion For the first time the NUTRAOLEUM Study will provide first level evidence on the health benefits in vivo in humans of olive oil triterpenes (oleanolic and maslinic acid) in addition to their bioavailability and disposition. Trial registration The Trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02520739.
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, Kotronoulas A, Pujadas M, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Farré M, de la Torre R. Metabolic disposition and biological significance of simple phenols of dietary origin: hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:218-36. [PMID: 27186796 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are dietary phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil and wine. Both compounds are also endogenously synthesized in our body as byproducts of dopamine and tyramine metabolisms, respectively. Over the last decades, research into hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol has experienced an increasing interest due to the role that these compounds may play in the prevention of certain pathologies (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer). The translation of promising in vitro and in vivo biological effects from preclinical studies to the context of human disease prevention initially depends on whether the dose ingested becomes available at the site of action. In this regard, information regarding the bioavailability and metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol is of most importance to evaluate the impact they may have on human health. In this review, we discuss and summarize the state of the art of the scientific evidence regarding the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. We also examine the impact of these compounds and their metabolites on biological activity in terms of beneficial health effects. Finally, we evaluate the different analytical approaches that have been developed to measure the plasma and urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Eulalia Olesti
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain ;,e Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain ;,f Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Castañer O, Rubió L, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Macià A, Sampson ML, Covas MI, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Remaley AT, Solà R. Polyphenol rich olive oils improve lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1544-54. [PMID: 26992050 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipoprotein particle measures performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and associated ratios, may be better markers for atherosclerosis risk than conventional lipid measures. The effect of two functional olive oils, one enriched with its polyphenols (FVOO, 500 ppm), and the other (FVOOT) with them (250 ppm) and those of thyme (250 ppm), versus a standard virgin olive oil (VOO), on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profiles was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic individuals received 25 mL/day of VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT. Intervention periods were of 3 weeks separated by 2-week washout periods. Lipoprotein particle counts and subclasses were measured by NMR. Polyphenols from olive oil and thyme modified the lipoprotein subclasses profile and decreased the total LDL particle/total HDL particle (HDL-P), small HDL/large HDL, and HDL-cholesterol/HDL-P ratios, and decreased the lipoprotein insulin resistance index (LP-IR) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Olive oil polyphenols, and those from thyme provided benefits on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile distribution. Polyphenol-enriched olive oil is a way of increasing the olive oil healthy properties while consuming the same amount of fat, as well as a useful and complementary tool for the management of cardiovascular risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain.,Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maureen L Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosa Solà
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, NFOC group, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
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Martín-Peláez S, Castañer O, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Fitó M. Influence of Phenol-Enriched Olive Oils on Human Intestinal Immune Function. Nutrients 2016; 8:213. [PMID: 27077879 PMCID: PMC4848682 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PC) are able to influence gut microbial populations and metabolic output. Our aim was to investigate whether these compounds and changes affect the mucosal immune system. In a randomized, controlled, double blind cross-over human trial, for three weeks, preceded by two-week washout periods, 10 hypercholesterolemic participants ingested 25 mL/day of three raw virgin OO differing in their PC concentration and origin: (1) an OO containing 80 mg PC/kg (VOO); (2) a PC-enriched OO containing 500 mg PC/kg from OO (FVOO); and (3) a PC-enriched OO containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme (1:1, FVOOT). Intestinal immunity (fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-coated bacteria) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and calprotectin) was analyzed. The ingestion of high amounts of OO PC, as contained in FVOO, tended to increase the proportions of IgA-coated bacteria and increased plasma levels of CRP. However, lower amounts of OO PC (VOO) and the combination of two PC sources (FVOOT) did not show significant effects on the variables investigated. Results indicate a potential stimulation of the immune system with very high doses of OO PC, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - María José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The functional capacities of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) reflect the physiological role of the particle better than the quantity of HDL cholesterol. Owing to its phenolic compounds, the consumption of virgin olive oil has emerged as a promising therapy to promote these capacities. This review highlights the human studies that explain these benefits and explores some possible mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS The consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds increased the ability of HDLs to pick up cholesterol excess in peripheral cells (the cholesterol efflux capacity). Olive oil phenolic compounds have also been shown to improve HDL antioxidant capacities and some anti-inflammatory traits. These changes respond to an improvement of HDL oxidative status and composition. SUMMARY Novel strategies to increase HDL functional capacities are in demand from clinicians. The attainment of a fully-functional HDL through dietary or lifestyle changes is a priority in cardiovascular research. Within this context, the consumption of virgin olive oil, because of its phenolic compounds, may be a relevant protective approach. Further studies in large-scale, randomized controlled trials are, however, required to confirm these effects in HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Hernáez
- aCardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona bCIBER de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid cPh.D Program of Food Science and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Martín-Peláez S, Mosele JI, Pizarro N, Farràs M, de la Torre R, Subirana I, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castañer O, Solà R, Fernandez-Castillejo S, Heredia S, Farré M, Motilva MJ, Fitó M. Effect of virgin olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds on blood lipid profile: implications of human gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:119-131. [PMID: 26541328 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds (PC) alone or in combination with thyme PC on blood lipid profile from hypercholesterolemic humans, and whether the changes generated are related with changes in gut microbiota populations and activities. METHODS A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover human trial (n = 12) was carried out. Participants ingested 25 mL/day for 3 weeks, preceded by 2-week washout periods, three raw virgin olive oils differing in the concentration and origin of PC: (1) a virgin olive oil (OO) naturally containing 80 mg PC/kg, (VOO), (2) a PC-enriched virgin olive oil containing 500 mg PC/kg, from OO (FVOO), and (3) a PC-enriched virgin olive oil containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme, 1:1 (FVOOT). Blood lipid values and faecal quantitative changes in microbial populations, short chain fatty acids, cholesterol microbial metabolites, bile acids, and phenolic metabolites were analysed. RESULTS FVOOT decreased seric ox-LDL concentrations compared with pre-FVOOT, and increased numbers of bifidobacteria and the levels of the phenolic metabolite protocatechuic acid compared to VOO (P < 0.05). FVOO did not lead to changes in blood lipid profile nor quantitative changes in the microbial populations analysed, but increased the coprostanone compared to FVOOT (P < 0.05), and the levels of the faecal hydroxytyrosol and dihydroxyphenylacetic acids, compared with pre-intervention values and to VOO, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The ingestion of a PC-enriched virgin olive oil, containing a mixture of olive oil and thyme PC for 3 weeks, decreases blood ox-LDL in hypercholesterolemic humans. This cardio-protective effect could be mediated by the increases in populations of bifidobacteria together with increases in PC microbial metabolites with antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana Ines Mosele
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research-Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Pizarro
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Epidemiology Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), B building, Joan XXIII, 27-30, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Fernandez-Castillejo
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Saray Heredia
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research-Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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