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Yuzbashian E, Berg E, de Campos Zani SC, Chan CB. Cow's Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2837. [PMID: 39272602 PMCID: PMC11395457 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity disrupts glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic diseases. Consumption of cow's milk and other dairy products may influence glucose metabolism. Within the complex matrix of cow's milk, various carbohydrates, lipids, and peptides act as bioactive molecules to alter human metabolism. Here, we summarize data from human studies and rodent experiments illustrating how these bioactive molecules regulate insulin and glucose homeostasis, supplemented with in vitro studies of the mechanisms behind their effects. Bioactive carbohydrates, including lactose, galactose, and oligosaccharides, generally reduce hyperglycemia, possibly by preventing gut microbiota dysbiosis. Milk-derived lipids of the milk fat globular membrane improve activation of insulin signaling pathways in animal trials but seem to have little impact on glycemia in human studies. However, other lipids produced by ruminants, including polar lipids, odd-chain, trans-, and branched-chain fatty acids, produce neutral or contradictory effects on glucose metabolism. Bioactive peptides derived from whey and casein may exert their effects both directly through their insulinotropic effects or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition and indirectly by the regulation of incretin hormones. Overall, the results bolster many observational studies in humans and suggest that cow's milk intake reduces the risk of, and can perhaps be used in treating, metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of action for most bioactive compounds in milk are still largely undiscovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yuzbashian
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Emily Berg
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | | | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Hanning ARZ, Hassanabad MF, Hashemi Z, Wang X, Chan CB. Low-fat cheese ameliorates glucose intolerance and normalizes insulin secretion in a rat model of type 2 diabetes by promoting β-cell recovery. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:422-428. [PMID: 38669698 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine if cheese could reduce glucose intolerance in aged rats with overt type 2 diabetes (T2D). Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to elicit T2D were hyperglycemic. One week after STZ injection, low-fat (LOW) or regular-fat (REG) cheese was provided for 5 weeks and compared with T2D and low-fat diet reference (REF) groups. Food intake and weight gain were similar in all groups. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed glucose intolerance in T2D rats that was partially ameliorated by LOW but not REG. Insulin secretion during the oral glucose tolerance test was impaired in T2D and REG at 10 min (p < 0.05) but the iAUC was highly variable in all groups and statistical differences were not detected (p > 0.05). β-cell mass and pancreatic insulin content in T2D and REG were 50% lower than REF (p < 0.05), whereas LOW was not significantly different. Although isolated islets from all groups responded to glucose, the absolute amount of insulin secreted by T2D and REG was markedly reduced compared with REF, while LOW islets had relatively normal secretion. In conclusion, LOW but not REG cheese enhanced β-cell recovery from HFD/STZ treatment that led to amelioration of glucose tolerance within 5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik R Z Hanning
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | - Zohre Hashemi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Brahma S, Goyal AK, Dhamodhar P, Kumari MR, Jayashree S, Usha T, Middha SK. Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e140323214600. [PMID: 36918778 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230314093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined Mytilus margaritiferus and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Dhamodhar
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Reema Kumari
- Department of Botany, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jayashree
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
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Xie R, Chen F, Ma Y, Hu W, Zheng Q, Cao J, Wu Y. Network pharmacology‒based analysis of marine cyanobacteria derived bioactive compounds for application to Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249632. [PMID: 37927608 PMCID: PMC10620974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Alzheimer's disease (AD) epidemic has become one of the largest global healthcare crises. Besides, the available systemic therapies for AD are still inadequate. Due to the insufficient therapeutic options, new treatment strategies are urgently needed to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Marine bio-resources have been accepted as one of the most economically viable and sustainable sources with potential applications for drug discovery and development. In this study, a marine cyanobacteria-Synechococcus sp. XM-24 was selected as the object of research, to systematically investigate its therapeutic potential mechanisms for AD. The major active compounds derived from the Synechococcus sp. biomass were identified via pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 22 compounds were identified in this strain. The most abundant chemical compounds was (E)-octadec-11-enoic acid, with the peak area of 30.6%. Follow by tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl- and hexadecanoic acid, with a peak area of 23.26% and 18.23%, respectively. GC-MS analysis also identified indolizine, isoquinoline, 3,4-dihydro- and Phthalazine, 1-methyl-, as well as alkene and alkane from the strain. After the chemical toxicity test, 10 compounds were finally collected to do the further analysis. Then, network pharmacology and molecular docking were adopted to systematically study the potential anti-AD mechanism of these compounds. Based on the analysis, the 10 Synechococcus-derived active compounds could interact with 128 related anti-AD targets. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) were the major targets. Furthermore, the compounds N-capric acid isopropyl ester, (E)-octadec-11-enoic acid, and 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, dihydro-6-methyl- obtained higher degrees in the compounds-intersection targets network analysis, indicating these compounds may play more important role in the process of anti-AD. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that these active compounds exert the anti-AD effects mainly through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ras signaling pathway. Our study identified Synechococcus-derived bioactive compounds have the potential for application to AD by targeting multiple targets and related pathways, which will provide a foundation for future research on applications of marine cyanobacteria in the functional drug industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinguo Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Sain J, Scanarotti IG, Gerstner CD, Fariña AC, Lavandera JV, Bernal CA. Enriched functional milk fat ameliorates glucose intolerance and triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle of rats fed high-fat diets. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1535-1550. [PMID: 36708376 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effect of a functional milk fat (FMF) on the glucose metabolism and its association with the intramuscular triacylglycerol (TAG) content in rats fed high-fat diets. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed for 60 days with S7 (soybean oil 7%), S30 (soybean oil 30%), MF30 (soybean oil 3% + milk fat 27%), or FMF30 (soybean oil 3% + FMF 27%) diets. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of key metabolites in gastrocnemius muscle and mRNA levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and serum were assessed. RESULTS The S30 diet induced glucose intolerance and led to TAG, citrate, and glucose accumulation in muscle. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of uncoupling proteins (Ucp2 and Ucp3) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (Irs1) genes, lower carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT-1b), and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) activities in muscle and lower expression of adiponectin (Adipoq) in EWAT. The FMF30 diet ameliorated the glucose intolerance and normalized the glucose and TAG levels in muscle, preventing the accumulation of citrate and enhancing glucose utilization by the PFK1. The beneficial effects might also be related to the higher expression of Adipoq in EWAT, its receptor in muscle (Adipor1), and the expression of Ucp2, Ucp3, and Irs1 in muscle, restoring the alterations observed with the S30 diet. CONCLUSIONS FMF30 modulated key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, improving the glucose utilization and preventing TAG, glucose, and citrate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sain
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gabriel Scanarotti
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Daniela Gerstner
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Fariña
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrián Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología Y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242. (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Sellem L, Jackson KG, Paper L, Givens ID, Lovegrove JA. Can individual fatty acids be used as functional biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in relation to cardiometabolic health? A narrative review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2373-2386. [PMID: 35086579 PMCID: PMC9723489 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose-response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and in vitro studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Laura Paper
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ian D. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Different Metabolism and Toxicity of TRANS Fatty Acids, Elaidate and Vaccenate Compared to Cis-Oleate in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137298. [PMID: 35806300 PMCID: PMC9266973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are not synthesized in the human body but are generally ingested in substantial amounts. The widespread view that TFAs, particularly those of industrial origin, are unhealthy and contribute to obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is based mostly on in vivo studies, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a hepatoma model of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity to compare the metabolism and effects of the representative industrial and ruminant TFAs, elaidate and vaccenate, respectively, with those of cis-oleate. Cellular FAs, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and ceramides were quantitated using chromatography, markers of stress and apoptosis were assessed at mRNA and protein levels, ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy and viability was evaluated by MTT assay. While TFAs were just slightly more damaging than oleate when applied alone, they were remarkably less protective against palmitate toxicity in cotreatments. These differences correlated with their diverse incorporation into the accumulating diacylglycerols and ceramides. Our results provide in vitro evidence for the unfavorable metabolic features and potent stress-inducing character of TFAs in comparison with oleate. These findings strengthen the reasoning against dietary trans fat intake, and they can also help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity.
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Prada M, Wittenbecher C, Eichelmann F, Wernitz A, Kuxhaus O, Kröger J, Weikert C, Schulze MB. Plasma Industrial and Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:845-853. [PMID: 35129607 PMCID: PMC9016738 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined associations of TFAs with incident T2D. RESULTS The TFA subtypes were intercorrelated with each other, with other fatty acids, and with different food sources. After controlling for other TFAs, the iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not associated with diabetes risk. Some rTFA subtypes were inversely associated with diabetes risk: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7t; hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.89) and t10c12-CLA (HR per SD 0.81; 95% CI 0.70-0.94), whereas c9t11-CLA was positively associated (HR per SD 1.39; 95% CI 1.19-1.62). Trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) was not associated with diabetes risk when adjusting for the other TFAs (HR per SD 1.08; 95% CI 0.88-1.31). CONCLUSIONS The TFAs' conformation plays an essential role in their relationship to diabetes risk. rTFA subtypes may have opposing relationships to diabetes risk. Previous observations for reduced diabetes risk with higher levels of circulating trans-palmitoleic acid are likely due to confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Prada
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wernitz
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Kuxhaus
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Xie L, Zhang T, Zheng L, Xie D, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Chemical Compositions and Oxidative Stabilities of
Ginkgo biloba
Kernel Oils from Four Cultivated Regions in China. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu 241000 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Liyou Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu 241000 China
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Zhang X, Chen X, Xu Y, Yang J, Du L, Li K, Zhou Y. Milk consumption and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:7. [PMID: 33413488 PMCID: PMC7789627 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to recapitulate the best available evidence of milk consumption and multiple health-related outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews in humans. Totally, 41 meta-analyses with 45 unique health outcomes were included. Milk consumption was more often related to benefits than harm to a sequence of health-related outcomes. Dose–response analyses indicated that an increment of 200 ml (approximately 1 cup) milk intake per day was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity and osteoporosis. Beneficial associations were also found for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, milk intake might be associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, Parkinson’s disease, acne and Fe-deficiency anaemia in infancy. Potential allergy or lactose intolerance need for caution. Milk consumption does more good than harm for human health in this umbrella review. Our results support milk consumption as part of a healthy diet. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Zhang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine/Cochrane Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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11
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Wang X, Ilarraza R, Tancowny BP, Alam SB, Kulka M. Disrupted Lipid Raft Shuttling of FcεRI by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Is Associated With Ligation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 120 (GPR120) in Human Mast Cell Line LAD2. Front Nutr 2020; 7:597809. [PMID: 33330598 PMCID: PMC7732685 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.597809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influences a variety of disease conditions, such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and allergic diseases, by modulating membrane constitution, inhibiting production of proinflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, and binding to cell surface and nuclear receptors. We have previously shown that n-3 PUFA inhibit mast cell functions by disrupting high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) lipid raft partitioning and subsequent suppression of FcεRI signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. However, it is still largely unknown how n-3 PUFA modulate human mast cell function, which could be attributed to multiple mechanisms. Using a human mast cell line (LAD2), we have shown similar modulating effects of n-3 PUFA on FcεRI lipid raft shuttling, FcεRI signaling, and mediator release after cell activation through FcεRI. We have further shown that these effects are at least partially associated with ligation of G protein-coupled receptor 120 expressed on LAD2 cells. This observation has advanced our mechanistic knowledge of n-3 PUFA's effect on mast cells and demonstrated the interplay between n-3 PUFA, lipid rafts, FcεRI, and G protein-coupled receptor 120. Future research in this direction may present new targets for nutritional intervention and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ramses Ilarraza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian P Tancowny
- Department of Biochemistry, Prion Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Syed Benazir Alam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,National Research Council Canada, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,National Research Council Canada, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Poppitt SD. Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health? Front Nutr 2020; 7:574725. [PMID: 33364249 PMCID: PMC7753100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products derived from this complex food source have long been proposed as beneficial to human health, yet underlying clinical evidence of direct benefit continues to raise controversy. Limited evidence supports positive cardiometabolic effects of a number of dairy macro- and micronutrient components including whey protein and casein, unsaturated fats, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and polar phospholipids, vitamin D and calcium, in addition to non-bovine components including bacterial and yeast probiotics. More controversial remain lipid components trans fats, including trans vaccenic acid, trans palmitoleic acid, and conjugated cis trans linoleic acid (CLA), plus medium-chain and odd-chain dairy fats. New evidence is rapidly identifying multiple pathways by which these dairy nutrients may effect health. Processing, including fermentation and homogenization, may also have positive effects. Conversely, the high saturated fat content of dairy has long raised concern, aligned with international guidelines to minimize dietary intake of animal-origin saturated fatty acids (SFA) to achieve better cardiometabolic health. However, led in part by observational studies and meta-analyses showing dairy to have no or even an inverse association with cardiometabolic health, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been scrutinized over the last 5 years, and focus on low-fat dairy has been challenged. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that adverse effects of SFAs on metabolic health may be ameliorated when these fats are consumed within a complex matrix such as milk, cheese or yogurt, and that dairy food categories may influence outcomes as much as total fat content. For example, yogurt and high-fat, high-SFA cheese have a negative association with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in many, not all, published trials. However, large sample dairy RCTs of long duration with CVD or T2D incidence as primary endpoints are lacking. This is a clear research gap, with these clinical studies required if a causative link between dairy and improved cardiometabolic health is to be confirmed and in turn promoted through dietary guidelines. Current advisories from national guidance groups such as American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) continue to promote consumption of low-fat dairy products, whilst liquid milk and yogurt remain part of nutrition guidelines from joint American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD) reports, and as part of a "no-one-size-fits-all" answer to diet and T2D by the ADA in their most recent 2019 Consensus Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Guillocheau E, Drouin G, Catheline D, Orione C, Legrand P, Rioux V. Chemical Synthesis and Isolation of
Trans
‐Palmitoleic Acid (
Trans
‐C16:1 n‐7) Suitable for Nutritional Studies. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Guillocheau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Agrocampus‐Ouest Rennes 35042 France
- Technical and Scientific Department French Dairy Interbranch Organization (CNIEL) Paris 75009 France
| | - Gaëtan Drouin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Agrocampus‐Ouest Rennes 35042 France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Agrocampus‐Ouest Rennes 35042 France
| | - Clément Orione
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l'Ouest (CRMPO) Université de Rennes 1 Rennes 35042 France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Agrocampus‐Ouest Rennes 35042 France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition Agrocampus‐Ouest Rennes 35042 France
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14
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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15
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[Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in food: origin and biological properties]. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:479-486. [PMID: 30839223 DOI: 10.20960/nh.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trans fatty acids (TFA) are minor lipid components present in different foods, including ruminant derived products, which have received great attention due to their relationship with cardiovascular disease risk. The origin of TFA in food is mainly related to the industrial hydrogenation processes of unsaturated vegetable oils, but they can also occur naturally in the digestive tract of ruminants by enzymatic biohydrogenation reactions. Both mechanisms generate similar TFA compounds. However, TFA consumption may exert different biological effects depending on the isomeric distribution, which is strongly influenced by the dietary source (i.e., industrial or natural). Industrial hydrogenated vegetable fats are rich in elaidic (trans-9 18:1) and trans-10 18:1 fatty acids, among others. In contrast, vaccenic acid (trans-11 18:1) is the major TFA isomer detected in milk and other ruminant derived products. Vaccenic acid is the physiological precursor of conjugated linoleic acid, a bioactive lipid with beneficial effects on human health. This article provides updated information on the biological effects and potential bioactive properties of TFA considering both, their chemical structure and provenance.
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16
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Amorim TL, de la Fuente MA, de Oliveira MAL, Gómez-Cortés P. Lipid Composition of Brazilian Chocolates and Chocolate Products with Special Emphasis on Their Fat Origin and Trans C18:1 Isomeric Profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11210-11218. [PMID: 31512471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to provide recent fatty acid (FA) profiling of chocolates and chocolate products, principally C18:1 trans FAs (TFAs). Thirty-two samples were analyzed by gas chromatography and FAs were quantified. The total TFA content declared in chocolate labeling and the real TFA content were compared. The TFA content ranged from 0.04 to 2.51 g/100 g of sample, and it was noticed that several manufacturers were underestimating the total TFA content in their labeling. The main TFA isomers quantified were C18:1 trans-9 (0.006-0.244%), C18:1 trans-10 (0.009-0.392%), and C18:1 trans-11 (0.013-0.464%), expressed in g/100 g of sample. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate industrial fats from natural trans fats based on the isomeric TFA profile and dairy fat (DF) biomarkers allowing to group samples in four clusters: high TFA content and high DF content, high TFA content and low DF content, low TFA content and high DF content, and low TFA content and low DF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Lima Amorim
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , José Lourenço Kelmer , 36036-330 Juiz de Fora , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , José Lourenço Kelmer , 36036-330 Juiz de Fora , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Pilar Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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17
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Trans-11 vaccenic acid improves glucose homeostasis in a model of type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin secretion via GPR40. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Seiri P, Abi A, Soukhtanloo M. PPAR-γ: Its ligand and its regulation by microRNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10893-10908. [PMID: 30770587 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARs are categorized into three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, and γ, encoded by different genes, expressed in diverse tissues and participate in various biological functions and can be activated by their metabolic derivatives in the body or dietary fatty acids. The PPAR-γ also takes parts in the regulation of energy balance, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling. It has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Among various cellular and molecular targets that are able to regulate PPAR-γ and its underlying pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) appeared as important regulators. Given that the deregulation of these molecules via targeting PPAR-γ could affect initiation and progression of various diseases, identification of miRNAs that affects PPAR-γ could contribute to the better understanding of roles of PPAR-γ in various biological and pathological conditions. Here, we have summarized the function and various ligands of PPAR-γ and have highlighted various miRNAs involved in the regulation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Abi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Cellular toxicity of dietary trans fatty acids and its correlation with ceramide and diglyceride accumulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:324-335. [PMID: 30572061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High fatty acid (FA) levels are deleterious to pancreatic β-cells, largely due to the accumulation of biosynthetic lipid intermediates, such as ceramides and diglycerides, which induce ER stress and apoptosis. Toxicity of palmitate (16:0) and oleate (18:1 cis-Δ9) has been widely investigated, while very little data is available on the cell damages caused by elaidate (18:1 trans-Δ9) and vaccenate (18:1 trans-Δ11), although the potential health effects of these dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) received great publicity. We compared the effects of these four FAs on cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, JNK phosphorylation and autophagy as well as on ceramide and diglyceride contents in RINm5F insulinoma cells. Similarly to oleate and unlike palmitate, TFAs reduced cell viability only at higher concentration, and they had mild effects on ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Palmitate increased ceramide and diglyceride levels far more than any of the unsaturated fatty acids; however, incorporation of TFAs in ceramides and diglycerides was strikingly more pronounced than that of oleate. This indicates a correlation between the accumulation of lipid intermediates and the severity of cell damage. Our findings reveal important metabolic characteristics of TFAs that might underlie a long term toxicity and hence deserve further investigation.
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20
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21
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Guillocheau E, Garcia C, Drouin G, Richard L, Catheline D, Legrand P, Rioux V. Retroconversion of dietary trans-vaccenic (trans-C18:1 n-7) acid to trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1 n-7): proof of concept and quantification in both cultured rat hepatocytes and pregnant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:19-26. [PMID: 30316033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1 n-7 or trans-Δ9-C16:1, TPA) is believed to improve several metabolic parameters according to epidemiological data. TPA may mainly come from direct intakes: however, data are inconsistent due to its very low amount in foods. Instead, TPA might arise from dietary trans-vaccenic acid (trans-C18:1 n-7, TVA), which is more abundant in foods. TVA chain-shortening would be involved, but formal proof of concept is still lacking to our knowledge. Therefore, the present study aimed at providing in vitro and in vivo evidence of TVA retroconversion to TPA. First, fresh rat hepatocytes cultured with growing doses of TVA were able to synthesize growing amounts of TPA, according to a 10% conversion rate. In addition, TPA was found in secreted triacylglycerols (TAG). Inhibiting peroxisomal β-oxidation significantly reduced TPA synthesis, whereas no effect was observed when mitochondrial β-oxidation was blocked. Second, pregnant female rats fed a TVA-supplemented diet free of TPA did metabolize dietary TVA, leading to detectable amounts of TPA in the liver. Apart from the brain, TPA was also found in all analyzed tissues, including the mammary gland. Hepatic peroxisomal β-oxidation of dietary TVA, combined with exportation of TPA under VLDL-TAG, may explain amounts of TPA in other tissues. In conclusion, dietary TVA undergoes peroxisomal β-oxidation and yields TPA. Thus, not only TPA circulating levels in humans can be explained by dietary TPA itself, but dietary TVA is also of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Guillocheau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France; French Dairy Interbranch Organization (CNIEL), Technical and Scientific Department, 75314, Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Garcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Gaëtan Drouin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Léo Richard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France.
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22
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Bukowiecka-Matusiak M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Sansone A, Malachowska B, Zurawska-Klis M, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Ochedalski T, Cypryk K, Wozniak LA. Lipid profile changes in erythrocyte membranes of women with diagnosed GDM. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203799. [PMID: 30216387 PMCID: PMC6138398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. It is currently a growing health problem worldwide affecting from 1% to 14% of all pregnant women depending on racial and ethnic group as well as the diagnostic and screening criteria. Our preliminary study aimed at investigating the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profiles of pregnant women, in particular with diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and with normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnant women as a control group. The study group comprised 43 pregnant women, 32 of whom were diagnosed with GDM according to the WHO criteria, and 11 with normal glucose tolerance. The erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were obtained according to the Folch extraction procedure. Fatty acids (FA) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) as the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). A cluster of 14 fatty acids identified contained >98% of the recognized peaks in the GC analysis. The analysis of fatty acids from erythrocytes revealed important differences between GDM and NGT women in the third trimester, and the results were correlated with biochemical data. Among the 14 measured FA representing the membrane lipidomic profile, the levels of three saturated FA (myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) tended to decrease in GDM patients, with the percentage content of stearic acid significantly changed. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) tended to increase, in particular the oleic acid and vaccenic acid contents were significantly increased in erythrocyte membranes of the GDM group in comparison with the NGT group. The GDM group demonstrated higher sapienic acid levels (+29%) but this change was not statistically significant. This study revealed association between an impaired cis-vaccenic acid concentration in erythrocytes membrane and GDM development. No significant changes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed in GDM and NGT erythrocytes. We postulate, basing on the differences between the GDM and NGT lipidomic profiles, that stearic and cis-vaccenic acids can be considered as dual biomarkers of specific SFA-MUFA conversion pathway, involving the coupling of delta-9 desaturase and elongase enzymes. Our results indicate that the SFA-MUFA families may be involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as GDM, but the further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis. In conclusion, the erythrocyte membranes of GDM women undergo remodeling resulting in abnormal fatty acid profiles, which are reflection of the long-term status of organism and can have great impact on both the mother and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Sansone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beata Malachowska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zurawska-Klis
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Department of Clinic Nursing, Department of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Lodz, Poland
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tomasz Ochedalski
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Department of Clinic Nursing, Department of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Lodz, Poland
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23
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Tremblay BL, Rudkowska I. Nutrigenomic point of view on effects and mechanisms of action of ruminant trans fatty acids on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:214-223. [PMID: 28340087 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from observational studies suggests beneficial effects of ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) on insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, beneficial effects of rTFA are not always observed in cell, animal, and human studies. This narrative review presents potential mechanisms of action of rTFA using nutrigenomics and microRNA results in an integrative model. In addition, the review presents factors, including measures of IR and T2D, dose and duration of studies, as well as health status, ethnicity, and genotypes of subjects, that may help explain the heterogeneity in response to rTFA supplementation. Future studies should consider these factors, as well as research in nutritional genomics, to better understand the effects of rTFA on IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte L Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Giribabu N, Karim K, Kilari EK, Kassim NM, Salleh N. Anti-Inflammatory, Antiapoptotic and Proproliferative Effects of Vitis vinifera Seed Ethanolic Extract in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:138-149. [PMID: 28673757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of Vitis vinifera seed has been reported to ameliorate liver pathology in diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. In this study, the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of the ethanolic seed extract of V. vinifera (VVSEE) in the liver in cases of diabetes were identified. METHODS Adult male rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes were given 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight VVSEE orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, body weights were determined, and the blood was collected for analyses of fasting blood glucose, insulin and liver enzyme levels. Following sacrifice, livers were harvested and their wet weights and glycogen contents were measured. Histologic appearances of the livers were observed under light microscopy, and the expression and distribution of inflammatory, apoptosis and proliferative markers in the livers were identified by molecular biologic techniques. RESULTS Treatment of rats with diabetes by VVSEE attenuates decreased body weight, liver weight and liver glycogen content. Additionally, increases in fasting blood glucose levels and liver enzyme levels and decreases in serum insulin levels were ameliorated. Lesser histopathologic changes were also observed: decreased inflammation and apoptosis, as indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-Kβ, IKK-β, IL-6, IL-1β) and apoptosis markers (caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax). VVSEE treatment induces increase in hepatocyte regeneration, as indicated by increased PCNA and Ki-67 distribution in the livers of rats with diabetes. Several molecules identified in VVSEE via gas chromatography mass spectrometry might contribute to these effects. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of VVSEE could account for its hepatoprotective actions in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Pharmacology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Normadiah M Kassim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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