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Rai SP, Ansari AH, Singh D, Singh S. Coffee, antioxidants, and brain inflammation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 289:123-150. [PMID: 39168577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world and, aside from tea and water, the most often consumed caffeine-containing beverage. Because of its high caffeine concentration, it is typically classified as a stimulant. There are other bioactive ingredients in coffee besides caffeine. The coffee beverage is a blend of several bioactive substances, including diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), alkaloids (caffeine and trigonelline), and polyphenols (particularly chlorogenic acids in green beans and caffeic acid in roasted coffee beans). Caffeine has also been linked to additional beneficial benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which change cellular redox and inflammatory status in a dose-dependent manner. Pyrocatechol, a constituent of roasted coffee that is created when chlorogenic acid is thermally broken down, has anti-inflammatory properties as well. It is postulated that coffee consumption reduces neuroinflammation, which is intimately linked to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). This review provides an overview of the most recent studies regarding coffee's possible benefits in preventing brain inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prabha Rai
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atifa Haseeb Ansari
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sippy Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Teng F, Sun J, Chen Z, Li H. Genetically determined dietary habits and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1415555. [PMID: 38887501 PMCID: PMC11180739 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence have suggested that dietary habits have potential implication on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, elucidating the causal relationship between specific dietary factors and AD risk remains a challenge. Therefore, our study endeavors to investigate the causal association between dietary habits and the risk of AD. Materials and methods We analyzed data on 231 dietary habits sourced from the UK Biobank and MRC-IEU, and AD data obtained from the FinnGen database. Employing a framework based on the classic two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Additionally, we conducted Steiger filtering and other methods to mitigate horizontal pleiotropy. The robustness of our overall findings was confirmed through multiple sensitivity analysis methods, and forward MR and reverse MR to address potential reverse causality bias. Results Our study evaluated the causal effect between 231 dietary habits involving over 500,000 participants of European ancestry, and 10,520 AD cases. Only oily fish intake demonstrated a significant protective causal relationship with AD following FDR correction (raw p-value = 1.28e-4, FDR p-value = 0.011, OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.47-0.78). Additionally, six dietary habits potentially influenced AD risk, with protective causal effects observed for average monthly intake of other alcoholic drinks (raw p-value = 0.024, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.35-0.93) and tea intake (raw p-value = 0.047, FDR p-value = 0.581, OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.603-1.00). Conversely, detrimental causal effects were observed for the average weekly champagne plus white wine intake (raw p-value = 0.006, FDR p-value = 0.243, OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.37-6.38), Danish pastry intake (raw p-value = 0.036, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 13.33, 95%CI: 1.19-149.69), and doughnut intake (raw p-value = 0.039, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.11-49.57). Moreover, the protective effect of goat's cheese intake phenotype exhibited statistical significance only in the IVW method (raw p-value<0.05). Conclusion Our results provide genetic support for a protective causal effect of oily fish intake on AD risk. Additionally, average monthly intake of other alcoholic drinks and tea consumption were also related with a lower risk of AD. Conversely, average weekly champagne plus white wine intake, Danish pastry intake, and doughnut intake were causally associated with increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mock MB, Summers RM. Microbial metabolism of caffeine and potential applications in bioremediation. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae080. [PMID: 38549434 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
With increasing global consumption of caffeine-rich products, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, there is also an increase in urban and processing waste full of residual caffeine with limited disposal options. This waste caffeine has been found to leach into the surrounding environment where it poses a threat to microorganisms, insects, small animals, and entire ecosystems. Growing interest in harnessing this environmental contaminant has led to the discovery of 79 bacterial strains, eight yeast strains, and 32 fungal strains capable of metabolizing caffeine by N-demethylation and/or C-8 oxidation. Recently observed promiscuity of caffeine-degrading enzymes in vivo has opened up the possibility of engineering bacterial strains capable of producing a wide variety of caffeine derivatives from a renewable resource. These engineered strains can be used to reduce the negative environmental impact of leached caffeine-rich waste through bioremediation efforts supplemented by our increasing understanding of new techniques such as cell immobilization. Here, we compile all of the known caffeine-degrading microbial strains, discuss their metabolism and related enzymology, and investigate their potential application in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Mock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Ryan M Summers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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Raïch I, Lillo J, Ferreiro-Vera C, Sánchez de Medina V, Navarro G, Franco R. Cannabidiol at Nanomolar Concentrations Negatively Affects Signaling through the Adenosine A 2A Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17500. [PMID: 38139329 PMCID: PMC10744210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid with potential as a therapy for a variety of diseases. CBD may act via cannabinoid receptors but also via other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the adenosine A2A receptor. Homogenous binding and signaling assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human version of the A2A receptor were performed to address the effect of CBD on receptor functionality. CBD was not able to compete for the binding of a SCH 442416 derivative labeled with a red emitting fluorescent probe that is a selective antagonist that binds to the orthosteric site of the receptor. However, CBD reduced the effect of the selective A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680, on Gs-coupling and on the activation of the mitogen activated kinase signaling pathway. It is suggested that CBD is a negative allosteric modulator of the A2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (G.N.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaume Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (G.N.)
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Tiwari H, Kumar A, Barik MR, Kaur H, Mahajan S, Shukla MK, Gupta M, Yadav G, Nargotra A. Repositioning the existing drugs for neuroinflammation: a fusion of computational approach and biological validation to counter the Parkinson's disease progression. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10708-5. [PMID: 37542020 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is caused by the deficiency of striatal dopamine and the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Neuroinflammation associated with oxidative stress is a key factor contributing to the death of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and advancement of Parkinson's disease. Two molecular targets, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-kB) and α-synuclein play a substantial role in neuroinflammation progression. Therefore, the compounds targeting these neuroinflammatory targets hold a great potential to combat Parkinson's disease. Thereby, in this study, molecular docking and Connectivity Map (CMap) based gene expression profiling was utilized to reposition the approved drugs as neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease. With in silico screening, two drugs namely theophylline and propylthiouracil were selected for anti-neuroinflammatory activity evaluation in in vivo models of chronic neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammatory effect of the identified compounds was confirmed by quantifying the expression of three important neuroinflammatory mediators, i.e. IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta on brain tissue using ELISA assay. The ELISA experiment demonstrated that both compounds significantly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory mediators, highlighting the compounds' potential in neuroinflammation management. Furthermore, the drug and disease interaction network of the two identified drugs and diseases (neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease) suggested that the two drugs might interact with various targets namely adenosine receptors, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thyroid peroxidase through multiple pathways associated with neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease. Computational studies suggest that a particular drug may be effective in managing Parkinson's disease associated with neuroinflammation. However, further research is needed to confirm this in biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Tiwari
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Mutagenicity Laboratory, Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Barik
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Harjot Kaur
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Shubham Mahajan
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Monika Gupta
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Govind Yadav
- Mutagenicity Laboratory, Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Amit Nargotra
- Discovery Informatics, NPMC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
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Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E. One-way or two-way sweet link between theobromine and depression? BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37286934 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobromine is an abundant methylxanthine in cocoa/chocolate. A recent article in BMC Psychiatry concludes that theobromine consumption increases the risk of depression. In our opinion, it is difficult to make a correlation between dietary habits and the risk of depression, the diagnosis of which is not simple to make. Also, it is not easy to assess the amount of theobromine because it varies from one brand of chocolate to another and/or depending on the percentage of cocoa it has. Assuming that there is a correlation, we postulate that the conclusion may be the opposite, that is, that depressed individuals benefit from the intake of products containing theobromine. Since some antidepressant drugs alter the craving for sweet products, it would be interesting to try to correlate the data on theobromine intake with the kind of therapy used in depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Prevosti Building, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
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Cañas S, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Bermúdez-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Braojos C, Gil-Ramírez A, Benítez V, Aguilera Y, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of the Cocoa Shell Phenolic Compounds after Simulated Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051007. [PMID: 37237874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cocoa industry generates a considerable quantity of cocoa shell, a by-product with high levels of methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, the digestion process can extensively modify these compounds' bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity as a consequence of their transformation. Hence, this work's objective was to assess the influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the concentration of phenolic compounds found in the cocoa shell flour (CSF) and the cocoa shell extract (CSE), as well as to investigate their radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity in both intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) and hepatic (HepG2) cells. The CSF and the CSE exhibited a high amount of methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine) and phenolic compounds, mainly gallic acid and (+)-catechin, which persisted through the course of the simulated digestion. Gastrointestinal digestion increased the antioxidant capacity of the CSF and the CSE, which also displayed free radical scavenging capacity during the simulated digestion. Neither the CSF nor the CSE exhibited cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) or hepatic (HepG2) cells. Moreover, they effectively counteracted oxidative stress triggered by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) while preventing the decline of glutathione, thiol groups, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in both cell lines. Our study suggests that the cocoa shell may serve as a functional food ingredient for promoting health, owing to its rich concentration of antioxidant compounds that could support combating the cellular oxidative stress associated with chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cañas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bermúdez-Gómez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cheyenne Braojos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Benítez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Martín-Cabrejas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Baker LD, Manson JE, Rapp SR, Sesso HD, Gaussoin SA, Shumaker SA, Espeland MA. Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1308-1319. [PMID: 36102337 PMCID: PMC10011015 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary supplements are touted for cognitive protection, but supporting evidence is mixed. COSMOS-Mind tested whether daily administration of cocoa extract (containing 500 mg/day flavanols) versus placebo and a commercial multivitamin-mineral (MVM) versus placebo improved cognition in older women and men. METHODS COSMOS-Mind, a large randomized two-by-two factorial 3-year trial, assessed cognition by telephone at baseline and annually. The primary outcome was a global cognition composite formed from mean standardized (z) scores (relative to baseline) from individual tests, including the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status, Word List and Story Recall, Oral Trail-Making, Verbal Fluency, Number Span, and Digit Ordering. Using intention-to-treat, the primary endpoint was change in this composite with 3 years of cocoa extract use. The pre-specified secondary endpoint was change in the composite with 3 years of MVM supplementation. Treatment effects were also examined for executive function and memory composite scores, and in pre-specified subgroups at higher risk for cognitive decline. RESULTS A total of 2262 participants were enrolled (mean age = 73y; 60% women; 89% non-Hispanic White), and 92% completed the baseline and at least one annual assessment. Cocoa extract had no effect on global cognition (mean z-score = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.08; P = .28). Daily MVM supplementation, relative to placebo, resulted in a statistically significant benefit on global cognition (mean z = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.12; P = .007), and this effect was most pronounced in participants with a history of cardiovascular disease (no history: 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.11; history: 0.14, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.31; interaction, nominal P = .01). Multivitamin-mineral benefits were also observed for memory and executive function. The cocoa extract by MVM group interaction was not significant for any of the cognitive composites. DISCUSSION Cocoa extract did not benefit cognition. However, COSMOS-Mind provides the first evidence from a large, long-term, pragmatic trial to support the potential efficacy of a MVM to improve cognition in older adults. Additional work is needed to confirm these findings in a more diverse cohort and to identify mechanisms to account for MVM effects. HIGHLIGHTS COSMOS-Mind was a large simple pragmatic randomized clinical trial in older adults conducted by mail and telephone. The trial used a two-by-two factorial design to assess treatment effects of two different interventions within a single large study. We found no cognitive benefit of daily cocoa extract administration (containing 500 mg flavanols) for 3 years. Daily multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation for 3 years improved global cognition, episodic memory, and executive function in older adults. The MVM benefit appeared to be greater for adults with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, U.S.A
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, U.S.A
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Sarah A. Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Sally A. Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
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9
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Khiali S, Agabalazadeh A, Sahrai H, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Rahbari Banaeian G, Entezari-Maleki T. Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Review. Pharmaceut Med 2023; 37:139-151. [PMID: 36995515 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-023-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has significantly increased with the expansion of the industrialization of societies, which is notably linked to lifestyle changes and an unhealthy diet. Hence, determining the healthiest diet habits and supplements seems to be an appropriate way to decrease the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, caffeine, one of the most widely consumed compounds in the world, has emerged with some promising results in the treatment of numerous pathophysiological conditions of cardiovascular diseases. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for the relevant articles regarding the pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical studies on the potential effects of caffeine on cardiovascular diseases. While caffeine could improve cardiovascular outcomes through several mechanisms of action, the literature review revealed controversial clinical effects of caffeine on blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, and heart failure. In the case of dyslipidemia, coffee consumption increased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein. Taken together, the existence of multiple confounding factors in the caffeine studies has resulted in inconclusive data interpretation. Further well-designed studies with adequate control of the confounding factors are warranted to draw a clear conclusion on the cardiovascular efficacy and safety of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Khiali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Agabalazadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Sahrai
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rahbari Banaeian
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Szafarz M, Pociecha K, Słoczyńska K, Piska K, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Kocot N, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Pękala E, Wyska E. In silico and in vitro ADME-Tox analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of representative pan-PDE inhibitors from the group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116318. [PMID: 36414119 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent a wide class of chemically different compounds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects are particularly desirable in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to diversified expression of individual PDEs within cells and/or tissues as well as PDE signaling compartmentalization, pan-PDE inhibitors (compounds capable of simultaneously blocking various PDE subtypes) are of particular interest. Recently, a large group of 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) was designed and synthesized. These compounds were characterized as potent pan-PDE inhibitors and their prominent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity in vitro has been proved. Herein, we investigated a general in vitro safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two leading compounds from this group: a representative compound with N'-benzylidenebutanehydrazide moiety (38) and a representative derivative containing N-phenylbutanamide fragment (145). Both tested pan-PDE inhibitors revealed no cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic activity in vitro, showed moderate metabolic stability in mouse and human liver microsomes, as well as fell into the low or medium permeation category. Additionally, 38 and 145 revealed a lack of interaction with adenosine receptors, including A1, A2A, and A2B. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that both tested 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione were effectively absorbed from the peritoneal cavity. Simultaneously, they were extensively distributed to mouse lungs and after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings provide evidence that investigated compounds represent a new drug candidates with a favorable in vitro safety profile and satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties after a single i.p. administration. As the next step, further pharmacokinetic studies after multiple i.p. and p.o. doses will be conducted to ensure effective 38 and 145 serum and lung concentrations for a longer period of time. In summary, 7,8-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione represent a promising compounds worth testing in animal models of chronic respiratory diseases, the etiology of which involves various PDE subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Kocot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Reshetnikov DV, Ivanov ID, Baev DS, Rybalova TV, Mozhaitsev ES, Patrushev SS, Vavilin VA, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Design, Synthesis and Assay of Novel Methylxanthine-Alkynylmethylamine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248787. [PMID: 36557921 PMCID: PMC9788520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine derivatives have been a great area of interest for the development of potent bioactive agents. Thirty-eight methylxanthine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE) were designed and synthesized. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 8-chlorocaffeine with aryl(hetaryl)boronic acids, the CuAAC reaction of 8-ethynylcaffeine with several azides, and the copper(I) catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction (A3-coupling) of 8-ethynylcaffeine, 1-(prop-2-ynyl)-, or 7-(prop-2-ynyl)-dimethylxanthines with formaldehyde and secondary amines were the main approaches for the synthesis of substituted methylxanthine derivatives (yield 53-96%). The bioactivity of all new compounds was evaluated by Ellman's method, and the results showed that most of the synthesized compounds displayed good and moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities in vitro. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. The data revealed that compounds 53, 59, 65, 66, and 69 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 of 0.25, 0.552, 0.089, 0.746, and 0.121 μM, respectively. The binding conformation and simultaneous interaction modes were further clarified by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila V. Reshetnikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor D. Ivanov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii S. Mozhaitsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Patrushev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin A. Vavilin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-3308533
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12
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Manica‐Cattani MF, Hoefel AL, Azzolin VF, Montano MAE, da Cruz Jung IE, Ribeiro EE, Azzolin VF, da Cruz IBM. Amazonian fruits with potential effects on COVID-19 by inflammaging modulation: A narrative review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14472. [PMID: 36240164 PMCID: PMC9874877 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the mortality of older adults and, chronic non- transmissible diseases (CNTDs) patients, likely previous inflammaging condition that is common in these subjects. It is possible that functional foods could attenuate viral infection conditions such as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causal agent of COVID-19 pandemic. Previous evidence suggested that some fruits consumed by Amazonian Diet from Pre-Colombian times could present relevant proprieties to decrease of COVID-19 complications such as oxidative-cytokine storm. In this narrative review we identified five potential Amazonian fruits: açai berry (Euterpe oleracea), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), and guaraná (Paullinia cupana). Data showed that these Amazonian fruits present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other immunomodulatory activities that could attenuate the impact of inflammaging states that potentially decrease the evolution of COVID-19 complications. The evidence compiled here supports the complementary experimental and clinical studies exploring these fruits as nutritional supplement during COVID-19 infection. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: These fruits, in their natural form, are often limited to their region, or exported to other places in the form of frozen pulp or powder. But there are already some companies producing food supplements in the form of capsules, in the form of oils and even functional foods enriched with these fruits. This practice is common in Brazil and tends to expand to the international market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Manica‐Cattani
- Open University Foundation for the Third Age (FUnATI)ManausAmazonasBrazil,FSG University Center (FSG)Nutrition SchoolCaxias do SulRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Ana L. Hoefel
- FSG University Center (FSG)Nutrition SchoolCaxias do SulRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Euler E. Ribeiro
- Open University Foundation for the Third Age (FUnATI)ManausAmazonasBrazil
| | - Vitória F. Azzolin
- Open University Foundation for the Third Age (FUnATI)ManausAmazonasBrazil
| | - Ivana B. M. da Cruz
- Post‐Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)Santa MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil,Post‐Graduate Program in GerontologyFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)Santa MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil
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13
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Franco R, Lillo A, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. The adenosine A 2A receptor is a therapeutic target in neurological, heart and oncogenic diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:791-800. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2136570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Dong R, Denier-Fields DN, Lu Q, Suridjan I, Kollmorgen G, Wild N, Betthauser TJ, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Engelman CD. Principal components from untargeted cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics associated with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:12-23. [PMID: 35640460 PMCID: PMC9737218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Studying the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites and the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers may offer a window to the alterations of the brain metabolome and unveil potential biological mechanisms underlying AD. In this analysis, 308 CSF metabolites from 338 individuals of Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were included in a principal component analysis (PCA). The resulted principal components (PCs) were tested for association with CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), amyloid β 42 (Aβ42), and Aβ42/40 ratio using linear regression models. Significant PCs were further tested with other CSF NeuroToolKit (NTK) and imaging biomarkers. Using a Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05, 5 PCs were significantly associated with CSF p-tau and t-tau and 3 PCs were significantly associated with CSF Aβ42. Pathway analysis suggested that these PCS were enriched in 6 pathways, including metabolism of caffeine and nicotinate and nicotinamide. This study provides evidence that CSF metabolites are associated with AD pathology through core AD biomarkers and other NTK markers and suggests potential pathways to follow up in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruocheng Dong
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diandra N Denier-Fields
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department Nutrition Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tobey James Betthauser
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Mock MB, Mills SB, Cyrus A, Campo H, Dreischarf T, Strock S, Summers RM. Biocatalytic Production and Purification of the High-value Biochemical Paraxanthine. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Bhat JA, Kumar M. Neuroprotective Effects of Theobromine in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1787-1801. [PMID: 35587851 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is a common underlying mechanism of dementia disorders linked to aberrations in the neurovascular unit. Hemodynamic disturbances adversely affect cellular energy homeostasis that triggers a sequence of events leading to irrevocable damage to the brain and neurobehavioral discrepancies. Theobromine is a common ingredient of many natural foods consumed by a large population worldwide. Theobromine has shown health benefits in several studies, attributed to regulation of calcium homeostasis, phosphodiesterase, neurotransmission, and neurotrophins. The current study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of theobromine against CH in the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) prototype. Wistar rats were distributed in Sham-operated (S), S + T100, CH, CH + T50, and CH + T100 groups. Animals received permanent BCCAO or Sham treatment on day 1. Theobromine (50, 100 mg/kg) was given orally in animals subjected to BCCAO for 14 days daily. CH caused neurological deficits (12-point scale), motor dysfunction, and memory impairment in rats. Treatment with theobromine significantly attenuated neurological deficits and improved sensorimotor functions and memory in rats with CH. In biochemistry investigation of the entire brain, findings disclosed reduction in brain oxidative stress, inflammatory intermediaries (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and - 6, nuclear factor-κB), markers of cell demise (lactate dehydrogenase, caspase-3), acetylcholinesterase activity, and improvement in γ-aminobutyric acid quantity in rats that were given theobromine for 14 days daily after CH. Histopathological analysis substantiated attenuation of neurodegenerative changes by theobromine. The findings of this study indicated that theobromine could improve neurological scores, sensorimotor abilities, and memory in CH prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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17
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Fu X, Li H, Chen X, Cai J, Yao T, Song L, Cen M, Wu J. Associations between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and cognitive function in older adults. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:594-604. [PMID: 35715983 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of caffeine on cognitive impairment have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to objectively assess the correlation between the urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and cognitive decline in older adults. METHODS Data on urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and the cognitive performance of participants aged 60 years and older were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analyses were used to evaluate the association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and cognitive performance. RESULTS Eight hundred twenty-seven individuals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We observed that 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, and 3,7-dimethylxanthine levels were significantly and inversely associated with cognitive decline. The RCS results suggested an approximately linear dose-response relationship between the aforementioned metabolites and cognitive performance. Moreover, the effects of urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites on cognitive function assessed using the AFT were more evident in men. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolite levels were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in a linear manner, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Janitschke D, Lauer AA, Bachmann CM, Winkler J, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Methylxanthines Induce a Change in the AD/Neurodegeneration-Linked Lipid Profile in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042295. [PMID: 35216410 PMCID: PMC8875332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an increased plaque burden and tangle accumulation in the brain accompanied by extensive lipid alterations. Methylxanthines (MTXs) are alkaloids frequently consumed by dietary intake known to interfere with the molecular mechanisms leading to AD. Besides the fact that MTX consumption is associated with changes in triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and liver, little is known about the effect of MTXs on other lipid classes, which raises the question of whether MTX can alter lipids in a way that may be relevant in AD. Here we have analyzed naturally occurring MTXs caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, and the synthetic MTXs pentoxifylline and propentofylline also used as drugs in different neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that lipid alterations are not limited to triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and serum, but also include changes in sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholine, and plasmalogens in neuroblastoma cells. These changes comprise alterations known to be beneficial, but also adverse effects regarding AD were observed. Our results give an additional perspective of the complex link between MTX and AD, and suggest combining MTX with a lipid-altering diet compensating the adverse effects of MTX rather than using MTX alone to prevent or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Cornel Manuel Bachmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Science, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Catarzi D, Colotta V, Francucci B, Spinaci A, Varano F, Volpini R. A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and their Potential in Neurological Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4780-4795. [PMID: 35184706 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220218094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nucleoside adenosine modulates a number of physiological effects through interaction with P1 purinergic receptors. All of them are G protein coupled receptors and, to date, four subtypes have been characterized and named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. In recent years adenosine receptors, particularly the A2A subtype, have become attractive targets for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, known to involve neuroinflammation, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric conditions. In fact, it has been demonstrated that inhibition of A2A adenosine receptors exerts neuroprotective effects counteracting neuroinflammatory processes and astroglial and microglial activation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist istradefylline, developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., was approved in Japan as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and very recently it was approved also by the US Food and Drug Administration. These findings pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities, so, in this review, a summary of the most relevant and promising A2A adenosine receptor antagonists will be presented along with their preclinical and clinical studies in neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Beatrice Francucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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20
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Physicochemical Phenomena in the Roasting of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-021-09301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms mediated by coffee in Parkinson’s disease based on network pharmacology approach. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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22
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Rossetto IMU, Cagnon VHA, Kido LA, Lizarte Neto FS, Tirapelli LF, Tirapelli DPDC, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Martinez FE, Martinez M. Caffeine consumption attenuates ethanol-induced inflammation through the regulation of adenosinergic receptors in the UChB rats cerebellum. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:835-849. [PMID: 34484675 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine consumption is able to interfere in cellular processes related to inflammatory mechanisms by acting through the adenosinergic system. This study aimed to recognize alterations related to adenosinergic system and inflammatory process in the cerebellum of University of Chile Bibulous (UChB) rats after the consumption of ethanol and caffeine. UChB and Wistar rats, males at 5 months old, were divided into the groups (n = 15/group): (i) Control (Wistar rats receiving water); (ii) Ethanol group (UChB rats receiving ethanol solution at 10%) and (iii) Ethanol+caffeine group (UChB rats receiving ethanol solution at 10% added of 3 g/L of caffeine). The cerebellar tissue was collected and processed for immunohistochemistry, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting techniques for the adenosinergic receptors A1 and A2a and inflammatory markers, including Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and microglial marker Iba-1. Results showed ethanol and caffeine consumption differentially altering the immunolocalization of adenosinergic receptors and inflammatory markers in the cerebellar tissue. The A2a receptor was overexpressed in the Ethanol group and was evident in the glial cells. The Ethanol group had increased protein levels for NFκB and TLR4, expressively in Bergmann glia and Purkinje cells. Caffeine reduced the expression of these markers to levels similar to those found in the Control group. The A1 gene was upregulated the Ethanol group, but not its protein levels, suggesting post-transcriptional interference. In conclusion, caffeine seems to attenuate ethanol-induced inflammation in the cerebellum of UChB rats through the A1 and A2a modulation, playing a neuroprotective role in the chronic context of ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Maria Urra Rossetto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 255 Monteiro Lobato St, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 255 Monteiro Lobato St, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 80 Monteiro Lobato St, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fermino Sanches Lizarte Neto
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo (USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Tirapelli
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo (USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 250 Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St, Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 250 Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St, Botucatu, SP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13571 Biblioteca Comunitária Ave, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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Franco R, Casanovas B, Camps J, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. Antixoxidant Supplements versus Health Benefits of Brief/Intermittent Exposure to Potentially Toxic Physical or Chemical Agents. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:650-664. [PMID: 34287292 PMCID: PMC8929025 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antioxidants can act locally to react with an oxidant, oral administration of "antioxidants" is quite useless in treating oxidative stress in tissues. Furthermore, it does not make sense to consider a vitamin as an antioxidant, but vitamin B3 leads to the in vivo formation of compounds that are essential for reducing this stress. A rigorous treatment of the subject indicates that to deal with oxidative stress, the most direct approach is to enhance the innate antioxidant mechanisms. The question is whether this is possible through daily activities. Diets can contain the necessary components for these mechanisms or may induce the expression of the genes involved in them. Another possibility is that pro-oxidant molecules in food increase the sensitivity and power of the detoxification pathways. This option is based on well-known DNA repair mechanisms after exposure to radiation (even from the Sun), or strong evidence of induction of antioxidant capacity after exposure to powerful pro-oxidants such as H2O2. More experimental work is required to test whether some molecules in food can increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and/or improve antioxidant mechanisms. Identifying effective molecules to achieve such antioxidant power is critical to the food and nutraceutical industries. The potential of diet-based interventions to combat oxidative stress must be viewed from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (E.M.-P.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.)
| | - Berta Casanovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 02028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (E.M.-P.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.)
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Franco R, Lillo A, Rivas-Santisteban R, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G. Microglial Adenosine Receptors: From Preconditioning to Modulating the M1/M2 Balance in Activated Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1124. [PMID: 34066933 PMCID: PMC8148598 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal survival depends on the glia, that is, on the astroglial and microglial support. Neurons die and microglia are activated not only in neurodegenerative diseases but also in physiological aging. Activated microglia, once considered harmful, express two main phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory or M1, and the neuroprotective or M2. When neuroinflammation, i.e., microglial activation occurs, it is important to achieve a good M1/M2 balance, i.e., at some point M1 microglia must be skewed into M2 cells to impede chronic inflammation and to afford neuronal survival. G protein-coupled receptors in general and adenosine receptors in particular are potential targets for increasing the number of M2 cells. This article describes the mechanisms underlying microglial activation and analyzes whether these cells exposed to a first damaging event may be ready to be preconditioned to better react to exposure to more damaging events. Adenosine receptors are relevant due to their participation in preconditioning. They can also be overexpressed in activated microglial cells. The potential of adenosine receptors and complexes formed by adenosine receptors and cannabinoids as therapeutic targets to provide microglia-mediated neuroprotection is here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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25
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Navarro G, Pinna A, Reyes-Resina I. Genes Implicated in Familial Parkinson's Disease Provide a Dual Picture of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration with Mitochondria Taking Center Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4643. [PMID: 33924963 PMCID: PMC8124903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of nigral dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. One of the pathological characteristics of the disease is the deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn) that occurs in the brain from both familial and sporadic PD patients. This paper constitutes a narrative review that takes advantage of information related to genes (SNCA, LRRK2, GBA, UCHL1, VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, ATP13A2, PLA2G6, DNAJC6, SYNJ1, DJ-1/PARK7 and FBXO7) involved in familial cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) to explore their usefulness in deciphering the origin of dopaminergic denervation in many types of PD. Direct or functional interactions between genes or gene products are evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database. The rationale is to propose a map of the interactions between SNCA, the gene encoding for α-syn that aggregates in PD, and other genes, the mutations of which lead to early-onset PD. The map contrasts with the findings obtained using animal models that are the knockout of one of those genes or that express the mutated human gene. From combining in silico data from STRING-based assays with in vitro and in vivo data in transgenic animals, two likely mechanisms appeared: (i) the processing of native α-syn is altered due to the mutation of genes involved in vesicular trafficking and protein processing, or (ii) α-syn mutants alter the mechanisms necessary for the correct vesicular trafficking and protein processing. Mitochondria are a common denominator since both mechanisms require extra energy production, and the energy for the survival of neurons is obtained mainly from the complete oxidation of glucose. Dopamine itself can result in an additional burden to the mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons because its handling produces free radicals. Drugs acting on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the mitochondria of neurons may hopefully end up targeting those receptors to reduce oxidative burden and increase mitochondrial performance. In summary, the analysis of the data of genes related to familial PD provides relevant information on the etiology of sporadic cases and might suggest new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (R.R.-S.); (I.R.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (R.R.-S.); (I.R.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annalisa Pinna
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Neuroscience Institute–Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, SP 8, Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (R.R.-S.); (I.R.-R.)
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26
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo J, Camps J, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Glutamate, and ATP: Much More Than Neurotransmitters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667815. [PMID: 33937270 PMCID: PMC8083958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is derived from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. Although the compound has been studied extensively for its neuronal handling and synaptic actions, serotonin 5-HT receptors can be found extra-synaptically and not only in neurons but in many types of mammalian cells, inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). In sharp contrast, glutamate (Glu) and ATP are better known as metabolism-related molecules, but they also are neurotransmitters, and their receptors are expressed on almost any type of cell inside and outside the nervous system. Whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine and Glu are key regulators of the immune system, ATP actions are more general. 5-hydroxytryptamine, ATP and Glu act through both G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and ionotropic receptors, i.e., ligand gated ion channels. These are the three examples of neurotransmitters whose actions as holistic regulatory molecules are briefly put into perspective here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Rafael Franco, ;
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Irene Reyes-Resina,
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Dias JL, Lanza M, Ferreira SR. Cocrystallization: A tool to modulate physicochemical and biological properties of food-relevant polyphenols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Mekheimer RA, Hayallah AM, Moustafa MS, Al-Mousawi SM, Abd-Elmonem M, Mostafa SM, Abo Elsoud FA, Sadek KU. Microwave-assisted reactions: Efficient and versatile one-step synthesis of 8-substituted xanthines and substituted pyrimidopteridine-2,4,6,8-tetraones under controlled microwave heating. GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS 2021; 10:201-207. [DOI: 10.1515/gps-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We report herein a simple and efficient one-step synthesis of 8-substituted xanthines and substituted pyrimidopteridine-2,4,6,8-tetraones via reaction of 1,3-dimethyl-5,6-diaminouracil 1 with activated double bond systems 2 assisted by controlled microwave irradiation. The obtained heterocycles are privileged biologically relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia , Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Moustafa Sherief Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P. O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | - Saleh Mohammed Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P. O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Sara M. Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Abo Elsoud
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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Casanovas M, Reyes-Resina I, Lillo A, Lillo J, López-Arnau R, Camarasa J, Escubedo E, Navarro G, Franco R. Methamphetamine Blocks Adenosine A 2A Receptor Activation via Sigma 1 and Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2743. [PMID: 33803075 PMCID: PMC7963146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is, worldwide, one of the most consumed drugs of abuse. One important side effect is neurodegeneration leading to a decrease in life expectancy. The aim of this paper was to check whether the drug affects one of the receptors involved in neurodegeneration/neuroprotection events, namely the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). First, we noticed that methamphetamine does not affect A2A functionality if the receptor is expressed in a heterologous system. However, A2AR becomes sensitive to the drug upon complexes formation with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) and the sigma 1 receptor (σ1R). Signaling via both adenosine A2AR and cannabinoid CB1R was affected by methamphetamine in cells co-expressing the two receptors. In striatal primary cultures, the A2AR-CB1R heteromer complex was detected and methamphetamine not only altered its expression but completely blocked the A2AR- and the CB1R-mediated activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, methamphetamine, with the participation of σ1R, alters the expression and function of two interacting receptors, A2AR, which is a therapeutic target for neuroprotection, and CB1R, which is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casanovas
- Biology School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.R.-R.); (J.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Biology School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.R.-R.); (J.L.)
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Biology School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.R.-R.); (J.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (J.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Jorge Camarasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (J.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (J.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Chemistry School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Potential of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease-A Review of Experimental Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020537. [PMID: 33562156 PMCID: PMC7915779 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Considering that pharmacological treatment options for AD are few and not satisfactory, increasing attention is being paid to dietary components that may affect the development of the disease. Such a dietary component may be caffeine contained in coffee, tea or energy drinks. Although epidemiological data suggest that caffeine intake may counteract the development of cognitive impairment, results of those studies are not conclusive. The aim of the present study is to review the existing experimental studies on the efficacy of caffeine against AD and AD-related cognitive impairment, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the reports of studies on experimental AD models generally supported the notion that caffeine may exert some beneficial effects in AD. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of caffeine in the effects of its sources on cognition and possibly AD risk.
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Majodina S, Ndima L, Abosede OO, Hosten EC, Lorentino CMA, Frota HF, Sangenito LS, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS, Ogunlaja AS. Physical stability enhancement and antimicrobial properties of a sodium ionic cocrystal with theophylline. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have described the synthesis and characterisation of the theophylline hydrate (Theo hydrate), cocrystal (Theo–Phen·2H2O) and hydrated sodium co-crystal of theophylline (Na–(Theo)2ClO·2H2O), where Theo = theophylline and Phen = 1,10-phenathroline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lubabalo Ndima
- Department of Chemistry
- Nelson Mandela University
- Port Elizabeth 6031
- South Africa
| | - Olufunso O. Abosede
- Department of Chemistry
- Nelson Mandela University
- Port Elizabeth 6031
- South Africa
| | - Eric C. Hosten
- Department of Chemistry
- Nelson Mandela University
- Port Elizabeth 6031
- South Africa
| | - Carolline M. A. Lorentino
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
| | - Heloísa F. Frota
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
| | - Leandro S. Sangenito
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
| | - Marta H. Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
| | - André L. S. Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
| | - Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry
- Nelson Mandela University
- Port Elizabeth 6031
- South Africa
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Jiang X, Lu Y, Lv L. Trapping Acrolein by Theophylline/Caffeine and Their Metabolites from Green Tea and Coffee in Mice and Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14471-14479. [PMID: 33253558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (ACR) is found exogenously as a widespread environmental pollutant and endogenously, where it is thought to be involved as a pathogenic factor in the progression of many pathological conditions. Eliminating ACR by dietary-active substances has been found to be one potential strategy to prevent ACR-associated chronic diseases. This study first compared the scavenging ACR efficacy of four purine alkaloids, theophylline (TP), paraxanthine (PXT), theobromine (TB), and caffeine (CAF), and then, TP, CAF, and their metabolites were investigated for their ability to trap ACR in vivo. Our results indicated that TP, which possesses an -NH moiety at the N-7 position, exhibits the best ACR-trapping capacity in vitro, while CAF has a slight ability to trap ACR due to the substitutions by -CH3 at the N-1, N-3, and N-7 positions. After oral administration of TP or CAF, the ACR adducts of TP and the metabolites of TP or CAF (e.g., mono- and di-ACR-TP, mono-ACR-1,3-DMU, and mono-ACR-1-MU) were detected in urinary samples obtained from both TP- and CAF-treated mouse groups by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The quantification studies demonstrated that TP and its metabolites significantly trapped ACR in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. Furthermore, we also detected those ACR adducts of TP and TP/CAF's metabolites in human urine after four cups of green tea (2 g tea leaf/cup) or two cups of coffee (4 g coffee/cup) were consumed per day. Those results indicated that dietary TP or CAF has the potential capacity to scavenge ACR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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33
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Guarana: Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC method and safety profile using microglial cells. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Unique Role of Caffeine Compared to Other Methylxanthines (Theobromine, Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, Propentofylline) in Regulation of AD Relevant Genes in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Wild Type Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239015. [PMID: 33260941 PMCID: PMC7730563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylxanthines are a group of substances derived from the purine base xanthine with a methyl group at the nitrogen on position 3 and different residues at the nitrogen on position 1 and 7. They are widely consumed in nutrition and used as pharmaceuticals. Here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of 83 genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease in the presence of five methylxanthines, including the most prominent naturally occurring methylxanthines—caffeine, theophylline and theobromine—and the synthetic methylxanthines pentoxifylline and propentofylline. Methylxanthine-regulated genes were found in pathways involved in processes including oxidative stress, lipid homeostasis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, as well as pathways involved in neuronal function. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed different or inverse effects on gene regulation for caffeine compared to the other methylxanthines, which was further substantiated by multiple comparison analysis, pointing out a distinct role for caffeine in gene regulation. Our results not only underline the beneficial effects of methylxanthines in the regulation of genes in neuroblastoma wild-type cells linked to neurodegenerative diseases in general, but also demonstrate that individual methylxanthines like caffeine mediate unique or inverse expression patterns. This suggests that the replacement of single methylxanthines by others could result in unexpected effects, which could not be anticipated by the comparison to other substances in this substance class.
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35
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Silva JM, Nobre MSC, Albino SL, Lócio LL, Nascimento APS, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oshiro-Junior JA, Lima MCA, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Moura RO. Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant Activities for the Putative Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): "Experimental Evidences". OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5642029. [PMID: 33299526 PMCID: PMC7707995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5642029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of the upper and lower motor neurons at the spinal or bulbar level. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain are factors that contribute to neurodegeneration and perform a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Natural antioxidant molecules have been proposed as an alternative form of treatment for the prevention of age-related neurological diseases, in which ALS is included. Researches support that regulations in cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) processes are being increasingly implicated in this disease, and antioxidant drugs are aimed at a promising pathway to treatment. Among the strategies used for obtaining new drugs, we can highlight the isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from natural sources that, along with semisynthetic derivatives, correspond to approximately 40% of the drugs found on the market. Among these compounds, we emphasize oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, in addition to the fatty acids, that already stand out in the literature for their antioxidant properties, consisting in a part of the diets of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, this review is aimed at presenting and summarizing the main articles published within the last years, which represent the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds of natural origin for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamire M. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S. C. Nobre
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Sonaly L. Albino
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas L. Lócio
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Agnis P. S. Nascimento
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - João A. Oshiro-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Maria C. A. Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. B. Mendonça-Junior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraiba, 58071-160 João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
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36
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Natural Compounds as Guides for the Discovery of Drugs Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215060. [PMID: 33143389 PMCID: PMC7663367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute the most populous family of the human proteome, are the target of 35–45% of approved therapeutic drugs. This review focuses on natural products (excluding peptides) that target GPCRs. Natural compounds identified so far as agonists, antagonists or allosteric modulators of GPCRs have been found in all groups of existing living beings according to Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification, i.e., bacteria (monera), fungi, protoctists, plants and animals. Terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids are the most common chemical structures that target GPCRs whose endogenous ligands range from lipids to epinephrine, from molecules that activate taste receptors to molecules that activate smell receptors. Virtually all of the compounds whose formula is displayed in this review are pharmacophores with potential for drug discovery; furthermore, they are expected to help expand the number of GPCRs that can be considered as therapeutic targets.
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37
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The Effect of Caffeine on the Risk and Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061860. [PMID: 32580456 PMCID: PMC7353179 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee and caffeine are speculated to be associated with the reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to investigate the disease-modifying potential of caffeine on PD, either for healthy people or patients, through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases were searched using terms related to PD and coffee and caffeinated food products. Articles were included only upon fulfillment of clear diagnostic criteria for PD and details regarding their caffeine content. Reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed to identify eligible studies not shortlisted using these terms. In total, the present study enrolled 13 studies, nine were categorized into a healthy cohort and the rest into a PD cohort. The individuals in the healthy cohort with regular caffeine consumption had a significantly lower risk of PD during follow-up evaluation (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.797, 95% CI = 0.748-0.849, p < 0.001). The outcomes of disease progression in PD cohorts included dyskinesia, motor fluctuation, symptom onset, and levodopa initiation. Individuals consuming caffeine presented a significantly lower rate of PD progression (HR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.707-0.984, p = 0.03). In conclusion, caffeine modified disease risk and progression in PD, among both healthy individuals or those with PD. Potential biological benefits, such as those obtained from adenosine 2A receptor antagonism, may require further investigation for designing new drugs.
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38
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Grimm MOW, Blümel T, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Stahlmann C, Mett J, Haupenthal VJ, Miederer AM, Niemeyer BA, Grimm HS, Hartmann T. The impact of capsaicinoids on APP processing in Alzheimer's disease in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9164. [PMID: 32514053 PMCID: PMC7280252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The vanilloid capsaicin is a widely consumed spice, known for its burning and "hot" sensation through activation of TRPV1 ion-channels, but also known to decrease oxidative stress, inflammation and influence tau-pathology. Beside these positive effects, little is known about its effects on amyloid-precursor-protein (APP) processing leading to amyloid-β (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with capsaicinoids (24 hours, 10 µM) resulted in enhanced Aβ-production and reduced Aβ-degradation, leading to increased Aβ-levels. In detailed analysis of the amyloidogenic-pathway, both BACE1 gene-expression as well as protein-levels were found to be elevated, leading to increased β-secretase-activity. Additionally, γ-secretase gene-expression as well as activity was enhanced, accompanied by a shift of presenilin from non-raft to raft membrane-domains where amyloidogenic processing takes place. Furthermore, impaired Aβ-degradation in presence of capsaicinoids is dependent on the insulin-degrading-enzyme, one of the major Aβ-degrading-enzymes. Regarding Aβ-homeostasis, no differences were found between the major capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, and a mixture of naturally derived capsaicinoids; effects on Ca2+-homeostasis were ruled out. Our results show that in respect to Alzheimer's disease, besides the known positive effects of capsaicinoids, pro-amyloidogenic properties also exist, enhancing Aβ-levels, likely restricting the potential use of capsaicinoids as therapeutic substances in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Tamara Blümel
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Anna A Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | | | | | - Janine Mett
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, Faculty NT - Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Heike S Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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39
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. Microbiota and Other Preventive Strategies and Non-genetic Risk Factors in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:12. [PMID: 32226375 PMCID: PMC7080700 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in modern societies, is still unknown. Many scientists point out that PD is caused by a complex interaction between different factors. Although the main risk factor is age, there are other influences, genetic and environmental, that individually or in combination may trigger neurodegenerative changes leading to PD. Nowadays, research remains focused on better understanding which environmental factors are related to the risk of developing PD and why. In line with the knowledge on evidence on exposures that prevent/delay PD onset or that impact on disease progression, the aims of this review were: (i) to comment on the non-genetic risk factors that mainly affect idiopathic PD; and (ii) to comment on seemingly reliable preventive interventions. We discuss both environmental factors that may affect the central nervous system (CNS) or the intestinal tract, and the likely mechanisms underlying noxious or protective actions. Knowledge on risk, protective factors, and mechanisms may help to envisage why nigral dopaminergic neurons are so vulnerable in PD and, eventually, to design new strategies for PD prevention and/or anti-PD therapy. This article reviews the variety of the known and suspected environmental factors, such as lifestyle, gut microbiota or pesticide exposition, and distinguishes between those that are harmful or beneficial for the PD acquisition or progression. In fact, the review covers one of the most novel players in the whole picture, and we address the role of microbiota on keeping a healthy CNS and/or on preventing the “side-effects” related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Chemistry School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Chemistry School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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40
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Rojas S M, Chejne F, Ciro H, Montoya J. Roasting impact on the chemical and physical structure of
Criollo
cocoa variety (
Theobroma cacao L
). J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rojas S
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Farid Chejne
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Héctor Ciro
- Departamento de Ingeniería agrícola y alimentosUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Antioquia Colombia
| | - Jorge Montoya
- Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y EnergíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Antioquia Colombia
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41
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Quelal-Vásconez MA, Lerma-García MJ, Pérez-Esteve É, Arnau-Bonachera A, Barat JM, Talens P. Changes in methylxanthines and flavanols during cocoa powder processing and their quantification by near-infrared spectroscopy. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Janitschke D, Nelke C, Lauer AA, Regner L, Winkler J, Thiel A, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Effect of Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines on Aβ-Homeostasis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E689. [PMID: 31684105 PMCID: PMC6920871 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylxanthines (MTX) are alkaloids derived from the purine-base xanthine. Whereas especially caffeine, the most prominent known MTX, has been formerly assessed to be detrimental, this point of view has changed substantially. MTXs are discussed to have beneficial properties in neurodegenerative diseases, however, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Here we investigate the effect of the naturally occurring caffeine, theobromine and theophylline and the synthetic propentofylline and pentoxifylline on processes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). All MTXs decreased amyloid-β (Aβ) level by shifting the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing from the Aβ-producing amyloidogenic to the non-amyloidogenic pathway. The α-secretase activity was elevated whereas β-secretase activity was decreased. Breaking down the molecular mechanism, caffeine increased protein stability of the major α-secretase ADAM10, downregulated BACE1 expression and directly decreased β-secretase activity. Additionally, APP expression was reduced. In line with literature, MTXs reduced oxidative stress, decreased cholesterol and a decreased in Aβ1-42 aggregation. In conclusion, all MTXs act via the pleiotropic mechanism resulting in decreased Aβ and show beneficial properties with respect to AD in neuroblastoma cells. However, the observed effect strength was moderate, suggesting that MTXs should be integrated in a healthy diet rather than be used exclusively to treat or prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Liesa Regner
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Andrea Thiel
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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43
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Pérez-Pérez D, Reyes-Vidal I, Chávez-Cortez EG, Sotelo J, Magaña-Maldonado R. Methylxanthines: Potential Therapeutic Agents for Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030130. [PMID: 31500285 PMCID: PMC6789489 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Currently, treatment is ineffective and the median overall survival is 20.9 months. The poor prognosis of GBM is a consequence of several altered signaling pathways that favor the proliferation and survival of neoplastic cells. One of these pathways is the deregulation of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). These enzymes participate in the development of GBM and may have value as therapeutic targets to treat GBM. Methylxanthines (MXTs) such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine are PDE inhibitors and constitute a promising therapeutic anti-cancer agent against GBM. MTXs also regulate various cell processes such as proliferation, migration, cell death, and differentiation; these processes are related to cancer progression, making MXTs potential therapeutic agents in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Pérez
- PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, México City 04510, Mexico
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico
| | - Iannel Reyes-Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico
| | - Elda Georgina Chávez-Cortez
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City 14269, Mexico.
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A linear gradient sequential injection chromatography method exploiting programmable fluidics for the determination of three methylxanthines. Talanta 2019; 202:514-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marx D, Wingen LM, Schnakenburg G, Müller CE, Scholz MS. Fast, Efficient, and Versatile Synthesis of 6-amino-5-carboxamidouracils as Precursors for 8-Substituted Xanthines. Front Chem 2019; 7:56. [PMID: 30834241 PMCID: PMC6387921 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted xanthine derivatives are important bioactive molecules. Herein we report on a new, practical synthesis of 6-amino-5-carboxamidouracils, the main building blocks for the preparation of 8-substituted xanthines, by condensation of 5,6-diaminouracil derivatives and various carboxylic acids using the recently developed non-hazardous coupling reagent COMU (1-[(1-(cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylideneaminooxy)dimethylaminomorpholinomethylene)]methanaminium hexafluorophosphate). Optimized reaction conditions led to the precipitation of pure products after only 5 to 10 min of reaction time. The method tolerates a variety of substituted 5,6-diaminouracil and carboxylic acid derivatives as starting compounds resulting in most cases in more than 80% isolated yield. Regioselectivity of the reaction yielding only the 5-carboxamido-, but not the 6-carboxamidouracil derivatives, was unambiguously confirmed by single X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR experiments. The described method represents a convenient, fast access to direct precursors of 8-substituted xanthines under mild conditions without the necessity of hazardous coupling or chlorinating reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marx
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas M Wingen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias S Scholz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Ávila‐Gálvez MÁ, García‐Villalba R, Martínez‐Díaz F, Ocaña‐Castillo B, Monedero‐Saiz T, Torrecillas‐Sánchez A, Abellán B, González‐Sarrías A, Espín JC. Metabolic Profiling of Dietary Polyphenols and Methylxanthines in Normal and Malignant Mammary Tissues from Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801239. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Ávila‐Gálvez
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS‐CSICCampus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Rocío García‐Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS‐CSICCampus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez‐Díaz
- Reina Sofía University HospitalService of Anatomical Pathology Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n 30003 Murcia Spain
| | - Beatriz Ocaña‐Castillo
- Reina Sofía University HospitalService of Anatomical Pathology Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n 30003 Murcia Spain
| | - Tamara Monedero‐Saiz
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS‐CSICCampus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Adela Torrecillas‐Sánchez
- Reina Sofía University HospitalService of Breast Unit Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n 30003 Murcia Spain
| | - Beatriz Abellán
- Reina Sofía University HospitalService of Surgery Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n 30003 Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio González‐Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS‐CSICCampus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS‐CSICCampus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
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Santana ÁL, Macedo GA. Health and technological aspects of methylxanthines and polyphenols from guarana: A review. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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48
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Baeta-Corral R, Johansson B, Giménez-Llort L. Long-term Treatment with Low-Dose Caffeine Worsens BPSD-Like Profile in 3xTg-AD Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease and Affects Mice with Normal Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:79. [PMID: 29497377 PMCID: PMC5818407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee or caffeine has recently been suggested as prophylaxis for dementia. Although memory problems are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, this dementia is also characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms called Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). The impact of preventive/therapeutic strategies on both cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms can be addressed in the 3xTg-AD mice, since they exhibit cognitive but also BPSD-like profiles. Here, we studied the long-term effects of a low dose of caffeine in male 3xTg-AD mice and as compared to age-matched non-transgenic (NTg) counterparts with normal aging. Animals were treated (water or caffeine in drinking water) from adulthood (6 months of age) until middle-aged (13 months of age), that in 3xTg-AD mice correspond to onset of cognitive impairment and advanced stages, respectively. The low caffeine dosing used (0.3 mg/ml) was previously found to give a plasma concentration profile in mice roughly equivalent to that of a human coffee drinker. There were significant effects of caffeine on most behavioral variables, especially those related to neophobia and other anxiety-like behaviors, emotionality, and cognitive flexibility. The 3xTg-AD and NTg mice were differently influenced by caffeine. Overall, the increase of neophobia and other anxiety-related behaviors resulted in an exacerbation of BPSD-like profile in 3xTg-AD mice. Learning and memory, strongly influenced by anxiety in 3xTg-AD mice, got little benefit from caffeine, only shown after a detailed analysis of navigation strategies. The worsened pattern in NTg mice and the use of search strategies in 3xTg-AD mice make both groups more similar. Circadian motor activity showed genotype differences, which were found to be enhanced by caffeine. Selective effects of caffeine on NTg were found in the modulation of behaviors related to emotional profile and risk assessment. Caffeine normalized splenomegaly of 3xTg-AD mice, a physical indicator of their impaired peripheral immune system, and trended to increase their corticosterone levels. Our observations of adverse caffeine effects in an Alzheimer's disease model together with previous clinical observations suggest that an exacerbation of BPSD-like symptoms may partly interfere with the beneficial cognitive effects of caffeine. These results are relevant when coffee-derived new potential treatments for dementia are to be devised and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baeta-Corral
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Johansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Franco R, Navarro G. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Huge Potential and Huge Challenges. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29593579 PMCID: PMC5857539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sanchez JM. Methylxanthine Content in Commonly Consumed Foods in Spain and Determination of Its Intake during Consumption. Foods 2017; 6:foods6120109. [PMID: 29207513 PMCID: PMC5742777 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylxanthines present psychostimulant effects. These compounds have low toxicity and their consumption at moderate levels presents some beneficial health effects, whereas some significant risk appears at high levels. Samples of common types of methylxanthine-containing beverages and foods consumed in Spain were analyzed to determine their content. Caffeine was the methylxanthine that was most found in the samples investigated. Instant coffees gave the highest caffeine percentage (18–44 mg·g−1). Green and scented teas were found to have a caffeine dry-weight content (8–26 mg·g−1) equivalent to ground coffees (13–23 mg·g−1), but black and pu-erh teas (18–30 mg·g−1) had a higher caffeine content. The evaluation of the most conventional methods for preparing espresso coffees showed that an espresso contains between 88–116 mg of caffeine. In the case of tea beverages, the amount of caffeine present was 2–3 times smaller than in espresso coffees. Energy drinks showed a similar caffeine content (80–106 mg) as espresso coffees. Chocolates had the lowest caffeine content. It has been found that none of the foods evaluated reach the recommended daily intake limit of 400 mg of caffeine with a single dose. This limit can be reached with 4–5 doses in the case of coffees and energy drinks. In the case of chocolates, the methylxanthine compound detected at large levels was theobromine, with amounts ranging from 4 to 10 mg·g−1 for dark chocolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sanchez
- Chemistry Department, University of Girona, 17003-Girona, Spain.
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