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Xiao X, Cai W, Ding Z, Mao Z, Shi Y, Zhang Q. LincRNA00612 inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells via enhancing interaction between p-STAT3 and A2M promoter. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14986. [PMID: 36883061 PMCID: PMC9985899 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key regulators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to figure out the regulatory mechanism as well as the effects of lncRNA00612 (LINC00612) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. LINC00612 and its co-expressed gene alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) were strikingly downregulated in the peripheral venous blood of COPD patients. Overexpressed LINC00612 enhances BEAS-2B cells against apoptosis and inflammatory reactions mediated by LPS, however, an A2M knockdown can attenuate the degree of the enhancement. Bioinformatics analysis revealed putative binding sites between LINC00612, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the A2M promoter, while RNA antisense purification and Chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to confirm the prediction. Knockdown of LINC00612 impaired the binding of p-STAT3 to the promoter of A2M, which meant that LINC00612 was critical for the binding of STAT3 with the A2M promoter. Therefore, it can be concluded that LINC00612 ameliorates LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation via recruiting STAT3 to bind to A2M. This conclusion will serve as a theoretical foundation for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of the Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Su J, Wang Y, Xing X, Zhang L, Sun H, Zhang Y. Melatonin significantly improves the developmental competence of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:455-68. [PMID: 26331949 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a promising technology, but its application is hampered by its low efficiency. Hence, the majority of SCNT embryos fail to develop to term. In this study, the antioxidant melatonin reduced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine SCNT embryos. It also increased cell number, inner cell mass (ICM) cell numbers, and the ratio of ICM to total cells while improving the development of bovine SCNT embryos in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis showed that melatonin suppressed the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax and stimulated the expression of the antioxidant genes SOD1 and Gpx4, the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2L1, and the pluripotency-related gene SOX2 in SCNT blastocysts. We also analyzed the epigenetic modifications in bovine in vitro fertilization, melatonin-treated, and untreated SCNT embryos. The global H3K9ac levels of melatonin-treated SCNT embryos at the four-cell stage were higher than those of the untreated SCNT embryos. We conclude that exogenous melatonin affects the expression of genes related to apoptosis, antioxidant function, and development. Moreover, melatonin reduced apoptosis and ROS in bovine SCNT embryos and enhanced blastocyst quality, thereby ultimately improving bovine cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xupeng Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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3
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Pan X, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wang F. Development of interspecies nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with argali (Ovis ammon) somatic cells and sheep ooplasm. Cell Biol Int 2015; 38:211-8. [PMID: 24123771 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies nuclear transfer has already achieved success in several species, which shows great potential in recovery and conservation of endangered animals. The study was conducted to establish an efficient system for in vitro argali (Ovis ammon)-sheep embryo reconstruction via interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT). The competence of domestic sheep cytoplasts to reprogram the adult argali fibroblast nuclei was evaluated, and the effects of enucleation methods and donor cell passage and cell state on the in vitro development of argali-sheep cloned embryos were also examined. Sheep oocytes could support argali and sheep fibroblast cell nuclei transfer and develop to blastocysts in vitro. Oocytes matured for 21–23 h and enucleated by chemically assisted enucleation (CAE) had a higher enucleation rate than blind enucleation (BE), but the development rate of iSCNTembryos was the same (P>0.05). Moreover, passage numbers of fibroblast cells <10, as well as the cell cycle stages did not affect the development rate of iSCNT reconstructed embryos. Thus sheep cytoplasm successfully supports argali nucleus development to blastocyst stage after optimising the nuclear transfer procedure, which indicates that iSCNT can be used to conserve endangered argali in the near future.
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4
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Shi R, Bai Y, Li S, Wei H, Zhang X, Li L, Tian XC, Jiang Q, Wang C, Qin L, Cai J, Zhang S. Characteristics of spermatogonial stem cells derived from neonatal porcine testis. Andrologia 2014; 47:765-78. [PMID: 25251288 DOI: 10.1111/and.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise porcine spermatogonial stem cells (PSSCs). The putative porcine germline stem cells from testis were isolated successfully by an improving way of enrichment with lymphocyte separation medium (LSM). Results from RT-PCR analyses showed that PSSCs were positive for OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, PGP9.5, c-MYC, KEL4 and PRDM-14 which are multipotent stem cell markers. At the protein level, the results of immunofluorescence analyses showed that PSSCs were positive for OCT4, PGP9.5, SOX2 and CD29. We successfully differentiated these PSSCs into adipocytes and muscle cells and then defined their characteristics, including morphology, surface stem cell markers, and mechanical properties. But the experiment of teratoma formation was negative. The results indicated the PSSCs could be multipotent. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterise the morphological and mechanical properties of undifferentiated PSSCs, as well as the differentiated adipocytes and muscle cells, which could be potentially useful for distinguishing PSSCs from differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Y Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Li
- Life Science and Technology College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South-China Primate Research and Development Center, Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Tian
- Department of Animal Science/Center for Regenerative Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Q Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Cai
- Life Science and Technology College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wittayarat M, Fujiwara A, Chatdarong K, Techakumphu M, Sato Y, Tanihara F, Morita Y, Taniguchi M, Otoi T. Cell cycle analysis and interspecies nuclear transfer of cat cells treated with chemical inhibitors. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:233-42. [PMID: 24334073 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of chemical inhibitors on the cell-cycle synchronisation in cat fibroblast cells and evaluated the development of interspecies embryos reconstructed from cat donor cells and enucleated bovine oocytes. Cat fibroblast cells were treated with 15 μg/mL roscovitine or 0.05 μg/mL deme-colcine prior to cell cycle analysis and nuclear transfer. The percentage of cat fibroblast cells arrested at the G0/G1 phase in the roscovitine group was similar to that in the control group without any treatment. The percentage of cells arrested at the G2/M phase was significantly higher in the demecolcine group than in the control group. The fusion rate of interspecies couplets was significantly greater in the roscovitine group than in the control group. Most embryos stopped the development at the 2- or 4-cell stage, and none developed into blastocysts. Chemical inhibitor-induced donor cell cycle synchronisation did not overcome developmental arrest in interspecies cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Fujiwara
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Kaywalee Chatdarong
- 2 Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- 2 Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Yoko Sato
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
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6
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Rehman AA, Ahsan H, Khan FH. α-2-Macroglobulin: a physiological guardian. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1665-75. [PMID: 23086799 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha macroglobulins are large glycoproteins which are present in the body fluids of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2 M), a key member of alpha macroglobulin superfamily, is a high-molecular weight homotetrameric glycoprotein. α2 M has many diversified and complex functions, but it is primarily known by its ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteases without the direct blockage of the protease active site. α2 M is also known to be involved in the regulation, transport, and a host of other functions. For example, apart from inhibiting proteinases, it regulates binding of transferrin to its surface receptor, binds defensin and myelin basic protein, etc., binds several important cytokines, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and modify their biological activity. α2 M also binds a number of hormones and regulates their activity. α2 M is said to protect the body against various infections, and hence, can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of a number of diseases. However, this multipurpose antiproteinse is not "fail safe" and could be damaged by reactive species generated endogenously or exogenously, leading to various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Rehman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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7
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Pang YW, An L, Wang P, Yu Y, Yin QD, Wang XH, Xin-Zhang, Qian-Zhang, Yang ML, Min-Guo, Wu ZH, Tian JH. Treatment of porcine donor cells and reconstructed embryos with the antioxidant melatonin enhances cloning efficiency. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:389-97. [PMID: 24325731 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin during the culture of donor cells and cloned embryos on the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned porcine embryos. At concentrations of 10(-6 )M or 10(-8) M, melatonin significantly enhanced the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs), and the blastocyst rate was significantly increased in the 10(-10) M melatonin-treated donor cell group. Cloned embryo development was also improved in embryo culture medium that was supplemented with 10(-9) M or 10(-12) M melatonin. When both donor cells and cloned embryos were treated with melatonin, the cleavage rate and total cell number of blastocysts were not significantly affected; however, the blastocyst rate was increased significantly (20.0% versus 11.7%). TUNEL assays showed that combined melatonin treatment reduced the rate of apoptotic nuclei (3.6% versus 6.1%). Gene expression analysis of the apoptosis-related genes BAX, BCL2L1, and p53 showed that the expression of BCL2L1 was significantly elevated 2.7-fold relative to the control group, while the expression of BAX and p53 was significantly decreased by 3.7-fold and 23.2-fold, respectively. In addition, we detected the expression of two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in PFFs but not in porcine cloned embryos. We conclude that exogenous melatonin enhances the development of porcine cloned embryos and improves embryo quality by inhibiting p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. The proliferation of PFFs may be mediated by receptor binding, but the beneficial effects of melatonin on embryonic development may be receptor-independent, possibly through melatonin's ability to directly scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Goto Y, Hirayama M, Takeda K, Tukamoto N, Sakata O, Kaeriyama H, Geshi M. Effect of synchronization of donor cells in early G1-phase using shake-off method on developmental potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in cattle. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:592-9. [PMID: 23607733 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the developmental ability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos reconstructed with three bovine somatic cells that had been synchronized in G0-phase (G0-SCNT group) or early G1-phase (eG1-SCNT group). Furthermore, we investigated the production efficiency of cloned offspring for NT embryos derived from these donor cells. The G0-phase and eG1-phase cells were synchronized, respectively, using serum starvation and antimitotic reagent treatment combined with shaking of the plate containing the cells (shake-off method). The fusion rate in the G0-SCNT groups (64.2 ± 1.8%) was significantly higher than that of eG1-SCNT groups (39.2 ± 1.9%) (P < 0.05), but the developmental rates to the blastocyst stage of SCNT embryos per fused oocytes were similar for all groups. The overall production efficiency of the clone offspring in eG1-SCNT groups (12.7%) per recipient cow was higher than that in G0-SCNT groups (3%) (P < 0.05). The mean birth weight of cloned calves and the average calving score in the G0-SCNT groups (48.1 ± 3.4 kg and 3.3 ± 0.3, respectively) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of eG1-SCNT groups (37.2 ± 2.1 kg and 2.3 ± 0.2, respectively). Results of this study indicate that synchronization of donor cells in eG1-phase using the shake-off method improved the overall production efficiency of the clone offspring per transferred embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Goto
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Ohu Station, Shichinohe, Aomori, Japan
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Foster HA, Griffin DK, Bridger JM. Interphase chromosome positioning in in vitro porcine cells and ex vivo porcine tissues. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:30. [PMID: 23151271 PMCID: PMC3499214 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In interphase nuclei of a wide range of species chromosomes are organised into their own specific locations termed territories. These chromosome territories are non-randomly positioned in nuclei which is believed to be related to a spatial aspect of regulatory control over gene expression. In this study we have adopted the pig as a model in which to study interphase chromosome positioning and follows on from other studies from our group of using pig cells and tissues to study interphase genome re-positioning during differentiation. The pig is an important model organism both economically and as a closely related species to study human disease models. This is why great efforts have been made to accomplish the full genome sequence in the last decade. Results This study has positioned most of the porcine chromosomes in in vitro cultured adult and embryonic fibroblasts, early passage stromal derived mesenchymal stem cells and lymphocytes. The study is further expanded to position four chromosomes in ex vivo tissue derived from pig kidney, lung and brain. Conclusions It was concluded that porcine chromosomes are also non-randomly positioned within interphase nuclei with few major differences in chromosome position in interphase nuclei between different cell and tissue types. There were also no differences between preferred nuclear location of chromosomes in in vitro cultured cells as compared to cells in tissue sections. Using a number of analyses to ascertain by what criteria porcine chromosomes were positioned in interphase nuclei; we found a correlation with DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Foster
- Laboratory of Genomic and Nuclear Health, Centre for Cell and Chromosome Biology, Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, West London UB8 3PH.
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Uhm SJ, Gupta MK, Das ZC, Kim NH, Lee HT. 3-Hydroxyflavone Improves the In Vitro Development of Cloned Porcine Embryos by Inhibiting ROS Production. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:441-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Khera S, Tiwari A, Srinivasan R, Gupta A, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and its receptor by retinal pigment epithelial cells: a role in maintaining differentiation-competent state. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:469-80. [PMID: 21438722 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.553020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is a potent hematopoietic factor that stimulates the growth of neutrophil granulocyte precursors, and also regulates the differentiation and survival of neutrophils by inhibiting apoptosis. Incidentally, GCSF is also known to act as an endogenous ligand for brain cells, counteracting acute neuronal degeneration and contributing to long-term plasticity of progenitor cells after cerebral ischemia. Since GCSF was recently reported to be present in retinal ganglions, we examined its expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which, together with retinal neurons, arise from the same underlying precursor cells. METHODS We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay expression of GCSF and GCSF receptor (GCSFR) genes; immunostaining and flow cytometry to assay the presence of GCSFR on cell surfaces; bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation measurement to monitor DNA synthesis; and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to monitor cell proliferation. The effect of GCSF on differentiation of RPE cells was assessed by immunocytochemistry to detect the presence of various marker proteins. RESULTS The D407 RPE cells, as well as RPE derived from cadaver eyes, were found to express both GCSF and GCSFR. Despite the presence of the GCSF receptor, exogenously added GCSF did not result in any proliferation of these cells. We found that GCSF acts like a de-differentiating factor, maintaining RPE cells in the rounded form, and in a transdifferentiation-competent state. CONCLUSIONS The expression of GCSF and GCSFR by D407 RPE may be an important factor in RPE cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Khera
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Host-cell apoptosis in Taenia solium-induced brain granulomas in naturally infected pigs. Parasitology 2008; 135:1237-42. [PMID: 18620623 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008004678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To assess whether apoptosis occurs in pig brain granulomas due to Taenia solium cysticerci, brain tissues from 30 pigs naturally infected with T. solium cysticercosis were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, tissues were stained with CD3 marker to identify T lymphocytes. Examination of TUNEL-stained tissues showed apoptotic cells in early lesions that contained viable cysticerci. Apoptotic cells were primarily found interspersed with normal cell types, and were mostly located in the inflammatory infiltrate. Late or advanced granulomas with disintegrated scolices did not show TUNEL-positive cells. CD3+ cells were found in both early and advanced lesions and apoptosis mainly co-localized with CD3+ T lymphocytes. This suggests that these cells are constantly undergoing apoptosis and thus die as soon as they arrive at the site of infection. Apoptosis indeed may be one way by which T. solium cysticerci down-regulate the host's cellular immune response in early cysticercosis. Therefore, further research is needed to establish if other cells besides T-lymphocytes are also a target for destruction by cysticerci in early cysticercosis as well as studies to assess if cysteine protease is expressed by viable cysticerci in situ.
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13
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Trypanosoma cruzi: Alpha-2-macroglobulin regulates host cell apoptosis induced by the parasite infection in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2008; 118:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Hashem MA, Bhandari DP, Kang SK, Lee BC. Cell cycle analysis and interspecies nuclear transfer of in vitro cultured skin fibroblasts of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris Altaica). Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:403-11. [PMID: 17075834 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the effect of cell culture conditions, antioxidants, protease inhibitors (PI), and different levels of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the promotion of synchronization of different cell cycles of Siberian tiger skin fibroblasts. We also compared the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the Siberian tiger in pig cytoplasts and to support early development after reconstruction. Cell cycle synchronization between nuclear donor and recipient cells is considered to be one of the most crucial factors for successful cloning. Five experiments were performed each with a one-way completely randomized design involving three replicates of all treatments. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to determine variation among treatment groups. Experiment I focused in the effects of cycling, serum starved and fully confluent stages of Siberian tiger cells on different cell cycles. In Experiment II, the effects of different antioxidants like beta-Mercaptoethanol (beta-ME, 10 microM), cysteine (2 mM), and glutathione (2 mM) were examined after cells were fully confluent without serum starvation for 4 hr. In Experiment III, three PI, namely 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, 2 mM), cycloheximide (7.5 microg/ml) and cytochalasin B (7.5 microg/ml) were used in the sane manner as in Experiment II. In Experiment IV, different levels of DMSO at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5% were tested on different cell cycle stages of Siberian tiger examined by Flowcytometry (FACS). In Experiment I, 67.2% of the Siberian tiger skin fibroblasts reached the G0/G1 stage (2C DNA content) in fully confluent conditions which was more than the cycling (49.8%) and serum starved (SS) medium (65.5%; P < 0.05). Among the chemically treated group, glutathione (72.6%) and cycloheximide (71.3%) had little bit better results for the synchronization of G0 + G1 phases than serum starved and fully confluent. After nuclear transfer we did not see any significant differences on the development of tiger-porcine reconstructed embryos at cycling, SS and fully confluent. Data indicate that prolonged culture of cells in the absence of serum as well as using different chemicals for this experiment does not imply a shift in the percentage of cells that enter G0/G1 and that confluency is sufficient to induce quiescence. This finding can be beneficial in nuclear transfer programs in Siberian tiger, because there are negative effects, such as apoptosis associated with serum starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abul Hashem
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Zorin NA, Zorina VN, Zorina RM. Role of proteins of the macroglobulin family in regulation of tumor growth. Russ J Dev Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360406010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Oh BC, Kim JT, Shin NS, Kwon SW, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Production of Blastocysts after Intergeneric Nuclear Transfer of Goral (Naemorhedus goral) Somatic Cells into Bovine Oocytes. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:1167-71. [PMID: 17146173 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies cloning may be a useful method to help conserve endangered species and to study nuclear-cytoplasm interaction. The present study investigated in vitro development of goral (Naemorhedus goral) intergeneric nuclear transfer embryos produced by fusing goral fibroblasts with enucleated metaphase II (MII) bovine oocytes. After two to five passages, serum-starved or non-starved goral skin fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated MII bovine oocytes. Couplets were electrically fused and chemically activated, and then cultured in either modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199) supplemented with 10% FBS. Serum starvation of donor cells did not affect the fusion rate and or development to of cells to the two-cell stage, to more than 9-cells, or to morulae, regardless of culture medium. Three blastocysts from 202 fused embryos were obtained when embryos reconstructed with non- serum- starved donor cells were cultured in mSOF. However, no blastocysts were obtained when the embryos reconstructed with serum-starved donor cells were cultured in mSOF. The total cell number of goral intergeneric embryos averaged 130.3 (range 105-180). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that bovine oocytes can support blastocyst development after intergeneric SCNT with goral fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Chol Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and The Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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17
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Mori M, Otoi T, Wongsrikeao P, Agung B, Nagai T. Effects of beta-mercaptoethanol and cycloheximide on survival and DNA damage of bovine embryos stored at 4 degrees C for 72 h. Theriogenology 2005; 65:1322-32. [PMID: 16185762 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of cycloheximide (CHX) and beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME) during storage of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts for 72 h at 4 degrees C on their survival, hatching capacity and DNA damage. In Experiment 1, when blastocysts were stored in a medium supplemented with 25, 50 or 100 microg/mL of CHX, or 25, 50 or 100 microM of beta-ME, the blastocysts stored with 25 microg/mL of CHX had a significantly higher survival rate than that of the blastocysts stored without CHX (79.5% versus 54.2%). In contrast, beta-ME had no apparent effects on the survival and hatching capacity of stored embryos. In Experiment 2, to investigate synergistic effects of CHX and beta-ME during storage of blastocysts on their developmental parameters and DNA damage, they were stored in the medium with CHX (25 microg/mL) and beta-ME (50 microM). The combination of CHX and beta-ME had no significant effects on the survival of blastocysts. The proportion (6.8%) of DNA-fragmented cells in the blastocysts stored with CHX was similar to that (5.4%) in the non-stored blastocysts (positive control) and significantly lower than that (9.7%) in the blastocysts stored without CHX and beta-ME (negative control). However, there were no significant differences among the proportions of dead cells of blastocysts in the storage groups. Therefore, the supplementation of CHX in the storage medium had a beneficial effect on the proportions of survival and DNA-fragmented cells in the stored embryos, whereas the beta-ME alone or in combination with CHX had no positive effects on either of these proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Mori
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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18
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Behboodi E, Memili E, Melican DT, Destrempes MM, Overton SA, Williams JL, Flanagan PA, Butler RE, Liem H, Chen LH, Meade HM, Gavin WG, Echelard Y. Viable transgenic goats derived from skin cells. Transgenic Res 2005; 13:215-24. [PMID: 15359599 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000034620.59250.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of expanding transgenic goat herds by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) using transgenic goat cells as nucleus donors. Skin cells from adult, transgenic goats were first synchronized at quiescent stage (G0) by serum starvation and then induced to exit G0 and proceed into G1. Oocytes collected from superovulated donors were enucleated, karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were constructed, and then fused and activated simultaneously by a single electrical pulse. Fused couplets were either co-cultured with oviductal cells in TCM-199 medium (in vitro culture) or transferred to intermediate recipient goat oviducts (in vivo culture) until final transfer. The resulting morulae and blastocysts were transferred to the final recipients. Pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasonography 25-30 days after embryo transfer. In vitro cultured NT embryos developed to morulae and blastocyst stages but did not produce any pregnancies while 30% (6/20) of the in vivo derived morulae and blastocysts produced pregnancies. Two of these pregnancies were resorbed early in gestation. Of the four recipients that maintained pregnancies to term, two delivered dead fetuses 2-3 days after their due dates, and two recipients gave birth to healthy kids at term. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed that both kids were transgenic and had integration sites consistent with those observed in the adult cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Behboodi
- GTC-Biotherapeutics Inc., 5 Mountain Road, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
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19
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Memili E, Behboodi E, Overton SA, Kenney AM, O'Coin M, Zahedi A, Rowitch DH, Echelard Y. Synchronization of Goat Fibroblast Cells at Quiescent Stage and Determination of Their Transition from G0 to G1 by Detection of Cyclin D1 mRNA. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2004; 6:58-66. [PMID: 15268778 DOI: 10.1089/1536230041372409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported that donor cells consisting of serum starved cells, which are assumed to be at quiescence (G0), or non-starved confluent cells or mitotic cells obtained by shake-off, both of which are assumed to be at G1 phase, give better results in nuclear transfer (NT) than cells at other phases of the cell cycle. Whether G0 or G1 cells function better as donor cells is yet to be determined by detailed studies. The aims of this study were to analyze the cell cycle of goat transfected fibroblasts and determine the timing of transition from G0 to G1 by detecting G1-specific marker, cyclin D1 mRNA. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses of cells after 4 days of serum starvation showed that more that 90% of cells were in G0/G1. Additionally, detection of cyclin D1 mRNA by northern blot analysis showed that 4-day serum starved quiescent cells started entering G1 a few hours after addition of 10% serum to the medium. Taken together, the data indicated that serum starved transfected primary fibroblasts of adult goats experienced the G0 to G1 transition within 5 h of serum stimulation and were at the mid-G1 stage within 10 h of serum stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdogan Memili
- GTC-Biotherapeutics Inc., Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
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20
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Park ES, Hwang WS, Jang G, Cho JK, Kang SK, Lee BC, Han JY, Lim JM. Incidence of apoptosis in clone embryos and improved development by the treatment of donor somatic cells with putative apoptosis inhibitors. Mol Reprod Dev 2004; 68:65-71. [PMID: 15039949 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to promote in vitro-development of clone embryos by the treatment of donor somatic cells with hemoglobin (Hb) and/or beta-mercaptoethanol (ME), based on the analysis of apoptosis after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Prospective, randomized study was conducted and, in vitro-matured bovine oocytes and fetal fibroblasts were provided for SCNT. In the first series of experiment, embryo apoptosis after SCNT was monitored by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP nick end-labeling assay. As results, apoptosis occurred more (P < 0.05) frequently after SCNT than after in vitro-fertilization (IVF) of control treatment. Subsequently, donor somatic cells treated with Hb (1 microg/ml) and/or ME (10 microM) were provided for SCNT. Either Hb or ME greatly reduced apoptosis (0.083 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.058-0.068 +/- 0.005), while combined treatment did not. ME was more promotive than Hb; significant increases were found in morula compaction (86%), cell numbers of blastocyst (131.3 +/- 1.3 cells/blastocyst), and inner cell mass (31.9 +/- 0.8 cells/blastocyst) cell, and the ratio of inner cell mass to trophectodermal cell numbers (0.24 +/- 0.01). In conclusion, the treatment of donor somatic cells with ME or Hb could reduce apoptosis after SCNT, resulting improved preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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21
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Gómez MC, Jenkins JA, Giraldo A, Harris RF, King A, Dresser BL, Pope CE. Nuclear transfer of synchronized african wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:1032-41. [PMID: 12773426 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The African wild cat is one of the smallest wild cats and its future is threatened by hybridization with domestic cats. Nuclear transfer, a valuable tool for retaining genetic variability, offers the possibility of species continuation rather than extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the African wild cat (AWC) to dedifferentiate within domestic cat (DSH) cytoplasts and to support early development after nuclear transplantation. In experiment 1, distributions of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in each cell-cycle phase were assessed by flow cytometry using cells cultured to confluency and disaggregated with pronase, trypsin, or mechanical separation. Trypsin (89.0%) and pronase (93.0%) yielded higher proportions of AWC nuclei in the G0/G1 phase than mechanical separation (82.0%). In contrast, mechanical separation yielded higher percentages of DSH nuclei in the G0/G1 phase (86.6%) than pronase (79.7%) or trypsin (74.2%) treatments. In both species, pronase induced less DNA damage than trypsin. In experiment 2, the effects of serum starvation, culture to confluency, and exposure to roscovitine on the distribution of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in various phases of the cell cycle were determined. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the dynamics of the cell cycle varied as culture conditions were modified. Specifically, a higher percentage of AWC and DSH nuclei were in the G0/G1 phase after cells were serum starved (83% vs. 96%) than were present in cycling cells (50% vs. 64%), after contact inhibition (61% vs. 88%), or after roscovitine (56% vs. 84%) treatment, respectively. In experiment 3, we evaluated the effects of cell synchronization and oocyte maturation (in vivo vs. in vitro) on the reconstruction and development of AWC-DSH- and DSH-DSH-cloned embryos. The method of cell synchronization did not affect the fusion and cleavage rate because only a slightly higher percentage of fused couplets cleaved when donor nuclei were synchronized by serum starvation (83.0%) than after roscovitine (80.0%) or contact-inhibition (80.0%). The fusion efficiency of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts of AWC donor nuclei (86.6% vs. 85.2%) was similar to the rates obtained with DSH donor nuclei, 83.7% vs. 73.0%, respectively. The only significant effect of source of donor nucleus (AWC vs. DSH) was on the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro. A higher percentage of the embryos derived from AWC nuclei developed to the blastocyst stage than did embryos produced from DSH nuclei, 24.2% vs. 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, the effect of calcium in the fusion medium on induction of oocyte activation and development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos was determined. The presence of calcium in the fusion medium induced a high incidence of cleavage of DSH oocytes (54.3%), while oocyte cleavage frequency was much lower in the absence of calcium (16.6%). The presence or absence of calcium in the fusion medium did not affect the fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos. In experiment 5, AWC-DSH-cloned embryos were transferred to the uteri of 11 synchronized domestic cat recipients on Day 6 or 7 after oocyte aspiration. Recipients were assessed by ultrasonography on Day 21 postovulation, but no pregnancies were observed. In the present study, after NT, AWC donor nuclei were able to dedifferentiate in DSH cytoplasts and support high rates of blastocyst development in vitro. Incomplete reprogramming of the differentiated nucleus may be a major constraint to the in vivo developmental potential of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Gómez
- Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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22
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Shi W, Hoeflich A, Flaswinkel H, Stojkovic M, Wolf E, Zakhartchenko V. Induction of a senescent-like phenotype does not confer the ability of bovine immortal cells to support the development of nuclear transfer embryos. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:301-9. [PMID: 12646489 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that cloned embryos derived from an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MECL) failed to develop beyond 12- to 16-cell stage. To analyze whether induction of a senescent-like phenotype in MECL can improve their ability to support the development after transfer into enucleated oocytes, we treated MECL with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza-C), histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA), sodium butyrate (NaBu), or 5-bromodeoxyuridine and used those cells for nuclear transfer. Primary bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF) were used as control. All agents were capable to induce features of senescence including reduced cell proliferation, enlarged cell size with a considerable proportion of cells stained positive for acidic senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and G1/S cell cycle boundary arrest in MECL. Aza-C treatment induced genome demethylation. Acetylation of H3 and H4 was increased after TSA treatment in both MECL and BFF, whereas no obvious changes in global H3 or H4 acetylation were detected after NaBu treatment. Nuclear transfer experiments following diverse treatments demonstrated that the induced senescent-like phenotype of MECL did not confer their ability to support embryonic development, although 7.3% of reconstructed embryos derived from NaBu-treated cells developed to morula stage. Intriguingly, a much higher proportion of cloned embryos developed to blastocysts when using NaBu-treated BFF, compared with using untreated BFF (59% versus 26%). Our results suggest that the developmental failure of donor nuclei from bovine immortal cells could not be reversed by induction of senescent-like phenotype. The beneficial effect of NaBu on the developmental potential of cloned embryos reconstructed from BFF merits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Munich, D-85764 Munich, Germany
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Anger M, Kues WA, Klima J, Mielenz M, Kubelka M, Motlik J, Esner M, Dvorak P, Carnwath JW, Niemann H. Cell cycle dependent expression of Plk1 in synchronized porcine fetal fibroblasts. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 65:245-53. [PMID: 12784245 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes of the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family are active in the pathways controlling mitosis in several species. We have cloned cDNA fragments of the porcine homologues of Plk1, Plk2, and Plk3 employing fetal fibroblasts as source. All three partial cDNAs showed high sequence homology with their mouse and human counterparts and contained the Polo box, a domain characteristic for all Polo kinases. The expression levels of Plk1 mRNA at various points of the cell cycle in synchronized porcine fetal fibroblasts were analyzed by both RT-PCR and the ribonuclease protection assay. Plk1 mRNA was barely detectable in G0 and G1, increased during S phase and peaked after the G2/M transition. A monoclonal antibody was generated against an in vitro expressed porcine Plk1-protein fragment and used to detect changes in Plk1 expression at the protein level. Plk1 protein was first detected by immunoblotting at the beginning of S phase and was highest after the G2/M transition. In summary, the Plk1 expression pattern in the pig is similar to that reported for other species. The absence of Plk1 mRNA and protein appears to be a good marker for G0/G1 and thus for the selection of donor cells for nuclear transfer based somatic cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Anger
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
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Park ES, Hwang WS, Kang SK, Lee BC, Han JY, Lim JM. Improved embryo development with decreased apoptosis in blastomeres after the treatment of cloned bovine embryos with ?-mercaptoethanol and hemoglobin. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 67:200-6. [PMID: 14694436 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In preliminary experiments, the treatment of donor somatic cells with beta-mercaptoethanol (ME) or hemoglobin (Hb) improved in vitro-development of bovine cloned embryos. This study was subsequently evaluated whether the exposure to Hb and/or ME during in vitro-maturation or embryo culture could further promote the development of embryos cloned with ME-treated donor cells. A prospective, randomized study was conducted and, embryo development, cell number, and apoptosis in blastocysts were monitored. A significant (P < 0.05) effect was found after the combined treatment of cloned embryos with Hb (1 microg/ml) and ME (10 microM); the development of morulae (53 vs. 35%) was greatly improved, which resulted in enhanced blastocyst formation (38%). However, cell number and apoptosis in blastocysts were predominantly affected by ME rather than Hb; a significant increase in total cell number of blastomeres (142-154 vs. 123 cells/embryo), inner cell mass (ICM) (39-41 vs. 27), and trophectoderm (TE) (103-114 vs. 98), and the ratio of ICM to TE cell number (0.26-0.27 vs. 0.22) was found. Also, the apoptosis index indicating the ratio of apoptotic cell to normal blastomere number was greatly reduced after ME treatments (0.85 vs. 0.056-0.069). When embryos cloned with ME-treated cells were cultured in Hb + ME-containing medium, any of the treatments to recipient oocytes before enucleation did not further promote the development. In conclusion, combined treatment of cloned embryos with Hb + ME not only improved in vitro-development but also decreased blastomere apoptosis. The use of ME-treated donor cells and the culture of cloned embryos in Hb + ME-containing medium yielded the optimal results for promoting the production of blastocysts with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul Soon Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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